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The New Imperialism
Europe Meets the World
The New Imperialism
Europe Meets
the World
Industrial Revolution
1st Industrial Revolution
(1750-1830)
Steam Power,
Textiles, FactoriesPhoto by Fenice
Industrial Revolution
2nd Industrial Revolution
(1850-1914)
Railroads, Ships,
Electricity, Heavy
Machinery
The
CONQUEST
of Distance
Transcontinental
Railroads
Trans-Atlantic Telegraph (1858)
The World is getting smaller than ever!
Map by
Strebe
Panama Canal
(1914)
Suez Canal
(1869)
European Diaspora
Map by
Strebe
Nearly
40%of the
world’s population
in 1914 was of
European descent.
A lot can change in 100 years…
Map Credit:
Junuxx What global region is
most populous today?
Developed vs. Developing
Map by Canuckguy and Tomtom2732
This didn’t exist before the
Industrial Revolution(s)
The Projection of
European
POWER
New Imperialism: 1880-1914
● colonialism: one country’s domination of another country or people ● formal political control
● imperialism: similar to colonialism but used more broadly ● political or economic control exercised formally or informally
● new imperialism: ● by western powers
● formal political control
● in Africa and Asia
● 1880-1914
The British Empire
1/4of global land mass
and population
before WWI
Africa
1880 – 1914
Several European nations
claim portions of
Africa
Belgian Congo
King Leopold governed
directly
Local inhabitants treated
harshly
Rubber
Let’s Scramble!
Italy
• Akhila
• Ceilidh
• Chiara
Portugal
• Nadia
• Bailey
• Adam
Netherlands
Mackenzie B
Liv
Chris
Britain
Michael
Mikayla
Matt
Oliver
Belgium
Mackenzie C
Caleb
Andy
Juliette
Germany
Sasha
Joe
Clara
Josh
France
Rachelle
Kendra
Caylee
Spain
Brishk
George
Kayla
Sir Cecil Rhodes
British
Made a fortune mining diamonds in S. Africa
DeBeers Corporation
“Band of Brothers”
Rhodesia
Rhodes Scholarships
Philanthropy
Rhodes MonumentSouth Africa
British Imperial Wars (Africa)
Boer Wars
vs. Boers (Afrikaners)
Descendents of original Dutch
Calvinist colonists
Anglo-Zulu War
vs. native Zulu tribe
Boer guerrillas during the
Second Boer War
THIRSTY WORK!
Quinine
Used to treat malaria –
a common disease in
Sub-Saharan Africa and
India
Bitter Taste – best
when combined with
other ingredients
Tonic Water
British India
British East India
Company (Until 1858)
“Mutiny” (1857-1858)
Raj (1858-1947)
India governed directly
by British gov.
British India
Administration
3,500 member British civil
service
300 Million Indians
British Officials
Indian Population
British India
The British established a
secondary education
system
English-speaking, Indian
elite served in the British
government and army
Absorbed British culture
British Officials
Indian Population
Indian Elite
Glass Ceiling
Highest positions were still
filled by the British
Resentment
Nationalism starts with this
offended Indian elite
British Officials
Indian Population
Indian Elite
China
Closed System
1500 – Most Advanced Technologies
Europeans borrow during Age of Exploration
1800 – Behind Europe Technologically
French cartoon,
late 1890s
While a Mandarin
official helplessly
looks on, "China"
as a pie is about to
be "carved up" by:
- Queen Victoria
(GB)
- Wilhelm II
(Germany)
- Nicholas II
(Russia)
- Marieanne
(France)
- Meiji Emperor
(Japan)
China
China still not interested in European goods in 19th century
British have to pay for Chinese goods with silver.
China
Opium Trade
Grown in India, sold in China
Opium Wars 1839-42, 1856-60
British Win – gain Hong Kong(returned to China in 1997)
Opium
Silver
ChinaBritish
India
Opium use in China
Japan
1500s – Jesuit missionaries arrive
1600s – Jesuits – and all outsiders – expelled
1853 – Commodore Matthew Perry (U.S.N.)
demands negotiations
Japan opens/Westernizes
Commodore Matthew Perry
forced the Japanese to end
isolationism
% of territories belonging to
Europe/U.S. in 1900
Africa 90.4%
Polynesia 98.9%
Asia 56.5%
Australia 100%
Americas 27.2%
Reasons for New Imperialism
Technology Gap in late 19th century
Greater than any time before or since
National Security
Protect investments (e.g., Suez Canal)
Naval Bases
Special Interests (missionaries, etc.)
Natural Resources / Expand Markets
Adventure
Civilizing Mission
Education ( Kipling’s “White Man’s Burden”)
Social Darwinism
Origin of the Species (1859)
Evolutionary theory
Common descent
Survival of the fittest
Social Darwinism
Social Darwinismapplies Darwin’s
scientific findings to
justify fierce
competition between
individuals and nations
for dominance.Herbert Spencer
Social Darwinism
“I contend… that we
[English] are the finest
race in the world and the
more of the world we
inhabit the better it is for
the human race.”
-- Sir Cecil Rhodes
[See McKay, 871]
“The White Man’s Burden”
by Rudyard Kipling
Take up the White Man’s burden—
Send forth the best ye breed—
Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives’ need;
To wait in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild—
Your new-caught sullen peoples,
Half-devil and half-child.
