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BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

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BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was struggling through difficult times. The once powerful Mughal Dynasty that had ruled India successfully for centuries was breaking apart. Dozens of small states controlled by their own ruler, or maharajah, broke away to govern themselves. No one power remained to control the European traders. The strictly enforced caste system divided the people, and the Hindus and Muslims were constantly at war. Looming on the dark horizon, the British saw that their opportunity to expand into India had arrived…

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Page 1: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 2: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 3: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

BRITISH IMPERIALISMBRITISH IMPERIALISMIN INDIAIN INDIA

All throughout the eighteenth century,before the explosion of European

imperialism and conquest, the nationof India was struggling through

difficult times.

The once powerful Mughal Dynastythat had ruled India successfully for

centuries was breaking apart. Dozensof small states controlled by their

own ruler, or maharajah, brokeaway to govern themselves.

No one power remained to controlthe European traders. The strictly

enforced caste system dividedthe people, and the Hindus andMuslims were constantly at war.

Looming on the dark horizon, theBritish saw that their opportunityto expand into India had arrived…

Page 4: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 5: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 6: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 7: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 8: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

Pre-European Imperialism• Weak leaders caused Indian

unity to decline• Caste system enforced• Hindus and Muslims often at

war

Page 9: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

The Portuguese, French, Dutch, and British established trade posts in India through the 1600s

Page 10: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

Trade posts in the 1600s• Most set up joint stock

companies• Companies traded silk, sugar,

tea, etc.

Page 11: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 12: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 13: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 14: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 15: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 16: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 17: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

My company is the greatest,so why are all of theseother losers still here?

Page 18: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 19: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 20: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

I have everything andI’m right here.

Why should I let India trade with anyone else?

Page 21: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 22: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

This country is huge.How am I going to

move all my stuff around?

Page 23: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 24: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

And I’m going toneed an army to

keep all of my stuff safe.

Page 25: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 26: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

BEIC became leading foreign power - 1757

• Other companies slowly ousted from India• Foreign affairs and trade regulated• Railroad network created• Indian soldiers (sepoys) were hired to be

in the BEIC army

Page 27: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 28: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 29: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 30: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

British Vader, sir,it’s against our

religion and culturefor widows

to remarry. Yet youkeep allowing it!

Blah, Blah, Blah...

Page 31: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

You keep takingthe Sepoys overseas

and disrespectingour caste system.What if foreignbloodlines get

mixed in?

Blah, Blah, Blah...

Page 32: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

The people havebegun to talk…They worry thatyou are here to

push Christianityon us.

Blah, Blah, Blah...

Page 33: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

Have you heardthe rumor?

They are sayingthat you coated

our recentlyissued bullet

cartridges with beefand pork fat?

Blah, Blah, Blah...

Page 34: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

But, sir, we haveto bite off the paper

seal to use thesebullet cartridges.Hindus hold the

cow as sacred andMuslims may not

eat pork.

Blah, Blah, Blah...

Page 35: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

Ihateyou!

Blah, Blah, Blah...

Page 36: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

BEIC’s lack of religious sensitivity created conflict

• Widows allowed to remarry• Sepoys required to travel overseas, which

affected castes

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Page 38: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
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Page 40: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

Sepoy Rebellion of 1857 led to end of BEIC control

• Sepoys believed rumor that bullets they used were greased with cow and/or pig fat and rebelled

• Uprising spread across India• British troops helped suppress the

rebellion

Page 41: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

I lucked out.The Hindus and

Muslims were unwilling to unite against me, and now I finally had my excuse to step in and completely take

over India.

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Page 43: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 44: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 45: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 46: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

It is the consciousness of the inherent superiority of the

European which has won for us India. However well

educated and clever a native may be, and however brave

he may prove himself, I believe that no rank we can bestow on him would cause

him to be considered an equal of the British officer.

Page 47: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

Economy was made dependent on Britain

• Local industry was discouraged• Artisans could not compete with mass

production• Raw materials had to be exported to

Britain for production• Emphasis on growing export crops led to

famine

Page 48: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

Results of British rule

• Indians expected to live, speak, and dress like the British

• Education, healthcare, communication systems improved

• Transportation systems built• Fighting between Hindus and Muslims was

suppressed

Page 49: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

AND SO…AND SO…

The British took complete control over India!

But will their power and influence last?

Will India find it’s own nationalism and rise?

Will a leader emerge?

(Don’t) fightthe power!

Page 50: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 51: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

Hey, why should wehave to feel like secondclass citizens in our own

country? I love my home!I love being Indian!

Page 52: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

That’s Right!

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Page 54: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

Indian National Congress formed in 1885

• Created to give Indians a voice• Became powerful with Mohandas Gandhi’s

leadership– supported nonviolence and civil disobedience– boycotted British goods and urged Indians to

spin cloth

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Page 56: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
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Muslim League formed in 1906

• Created to give Muslim minority a voice• Became powerful with Muhammad

Jinnah’s leadership

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Page 59: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Quaid5.jpg
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Sir, the locals are makinga lot of noise about us

being here.

Blah, Blah, Blah...

Page 62: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 63: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

Please, my Indian friends.Help us fight this war, and we will

grant you self rule.

It’s adeal.

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http://www.sas.ac.uk/commonwealthstudies/carib_web/images/20.jpg
Page 65: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

SUCKERS!

Page 66: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

British response to Indian Nationalism

• Early Nationalist movements mostly ignored by British

• Indians were promised self-rule if they supported the British in WWI

• At war’s end, British refused to honor promise - Indians outraged

Page 67: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

Sir, some of the Indianextremists are becoming

violent.

Hmmmmm...

Page 68: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

What if we made it illegalto be angry at us?

Then we could throw all ofthese trouble makers in jail...

Page 69: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

Rowlatt Act passed in 1919

• Large gatherings of Indians outlawed• Protesters jailed without trial for up to 2

years• Amritsar Massacre (Gen. Dyer)

– 10,000 Hindus and Muslims gathered for a festival

– British troops fired at crowd, killing 400, injuring 1200

Page 70: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
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Mohandas K. Gandhi• Attended law school in

England• Worked as a lawyer to

battle injustice in South Africa

• Based his ideas on the teachings of all world religions

• Renamed “Mahatma” (great soul) by his followers.

• Stressed disobedience without the use of violence

• Spun 200 yards of yarn a day, no matter how busy he was

• Led strikes and boycotts against the British

• Often imprisoned

Page 75: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

Nonviolent resistance issuperior to the force of arms.One who is free from hatred

requires no sword.

Page 76: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 77: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
Page 78: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

British Response to Indian Nationalism

• Peaceful Salt Marches met with police violence

• Self-rule finally granted in the Government Act of India - 1935– local self-government and limited elections

allowed– Hindus and Muslims disagreed on plan for

India’s future

Page 79: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

It’s obvious that I can’t leave until you allfigure out how to live in the same country

with one another.

Page 80: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

Independence

• After WWII, British planned to end rule• Hindus and Muslims rioted over

independence plan• Partition into India and Pakistan - 1947

– British allowed one month for the separation– India designated for Hindus, Pakistan for Muslims– 10,000,000 migrated across the continent– approx. 1,000,000 killed in riots when groups met

Page 81: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was

Now Bangladesh (1971)

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Independence

• Gandhi was assassinated by a Hindu extremist

• Jinnah became the first Governor-General of Pakistan

• Jawaharlal Nehru became first Prime Minister of India

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Page 89: BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA All throughout the eighteenth century, before the explosion of European imperialism and conquest, the nation of India was
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:MAJ.jpg
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Though peace has not yet been found, imperialism was

defeated. That alone is cause for celebration.


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