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The New Crusade
World War II and the Foundations of the Cold War
I. The “Good” War
- Civilization in the balancetotalitarianismracisminequalitypoverty
A. Appeasement
1. Rhineland ‘36
2. Anschluss ‘37
3. Munich Agreement ‘38
4. Russo-German Non-Aggression Pact ‘39
B. Early struggles
1. France / Battle of Britain, 1940
2. Soviet Union, 1941
C. Western Alliance
1. The Atlantic Charter 1941
- internationalism
2. US as international power- June 26 1945, United Nations Charter
D. Domestic liberalism
- civil rights
- women’s rights
- social welfare
II. Origins of a New World Order
A. Groundwork
1. War in Russia Battle of Stalingrad, 1942
Battle of Kursk, 1943
2. Second front- D-Day
3. Yalta Conference January 1945
B. The Iron Curtain
1. Winston Churchill, 1946
C. Indirect opposition
1. 1947 – Truman Doctrine
2. Marshall Plan
3. “Atomic Diplomacy”
III. Life in the Atomic Age
A. 1949
1. Turning pointa. 1948 – Berlin Airlift
b. 1949 – China “lost”
c. 1949 – Russian bomb
d. 1950 – Korean War
B. Idealism to paranoia
1. McCarthyism - HUAC
2. Containment- George F. Kennan- NATO
Joseph McCarthy
C. War by Proxy
1. Deterrence
1961- Berlin Wall
1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis
2. JFK- flexible response
3. “Our Son-of-a-Bitch” Syndrome- freedom fighters?
E. Detente
1. Richard Nixon / Henry Kissinger
Cold War as a permanent condition
1972 – Nixon in China
Mao Tse-tung (Zedong)
F. Neo-Conservatism and the End of the Cold War, 1980 - 1989
1. 1. Reagan / Thatcher military strength
hostility to “socialist”
domestic policies
unabashed patriotism
2. Mikhail Gorbachev
Glasnost = “openness”
Perestroika = “economic / administrative reform”
3. 1989, Berlin Wall comes down
The End of History and the Last
Man - Fukuyama
Social Impact of the Cold War: a Brief Synopsis
I. Soviet Bloc
A. Communist society
1. Emphasis on heavy industry
fewer consumer goods
2. Heavily-subsidized social needs
inequities of wealth largely eliminated
women afforded legal equality
B. Limits of communism
1. No “civil society”
- pollution
- corruption
2. Nationalism
1956 - Hungarian Revolution
1968 - Prague Spring
1980s - Lech Walesa
Solidarity
II. Western Bloc
A. “We will bury you!”
1. Economic race - GATT
- consumerism
- building a middle class
2. Baby boom
B. Youth Culture
1. Defiance
consumerism
2. Politicization
Vietnam; Sexual Revolution; environmentalism