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RESTRICTED INTERNAL SECRET
ENGIE February 2020
The need for molecules in the
‘zero carbon energy transition’
Jan Mertens
Chief Science Officer @ ENGIE
Professor @ Ugent
Wednesday 5 February 2020
SUN-ERGY Kick-off
February 2020
ENGIE and ENGIE Research
Electrification
Synthetic hydrocarbons
Hydrogen
1
2
3
4
Conclusion5
ENGIE and ENGIE Resarch
SUN-ERGY Kick-off
February 2020
160.000employees
€65 billiontotal revenue
NORTH AMERICA(1)
€3.9 billion
total revenue
⚫ (1) Including Mexico. (2) Including Turkey.
LATIN AMERICA(1)
€4.3 billiontotal revenue
EUROPE(2)
€51.0 billiontotal revenue
AFRICA€0.4 billiontotal revenue
MIDDLE-EAST€0.9 billiontotal revenue
OCEANIA€1.9 billiontotal revenue
ASIA€2.8 billiontotal revenue
SUN-ERGY Kick-off
February 2020
Our ambition is therefore to make zero-carbon transition possible forIndustry and Local authorities.We want to offer our customers a global approach and solution: a detailedanalysis of their needs, leading to a complete overhaul of energy uses todrastically reduce consumption, replacing old equipment with smart energy-efficient equipment, supplying it with green energy. And we will finance it all at acompetitive price for the customer.
SUN-ERGY Kick-off
February 2020
Direct link with SUN-ERGY
SUN-ERGY Kick-off
February 2020
Biomass
gasification
Gaya
France Belgium
Nano-H2
France
OPV for Buidings
Heliatek
Global
Bifacial Solar
testing
Chile
Decentralized Energy
System for Islands
REIDS
Singapore
Floating Wind
turbineHigh Altitude
Airborne Wind
Portugal Germany
Battery
Storage
Pilots are key for
ENGIE and a large
part of the research
budget
Electrification
SUN-ERGY Kick-off
February 2020
• For personal electric vehicles and buses- point of no return has been reached
• Heat-intensive industrial processes- Smelting
- Refining
• Oil & gas extraction- Improves productivity
- Reduces methane emissions
• Agriculture- High value crops: greenhouses, hydroponics, aquaponics,
aeroponics
- Commodity crops: electrified equipment
By Kevin M. Van Geem, Vladimir V. Galvita and Guy B. Marin
SUN-ERGY Kick-off
February 2020
Renewable Electricity:
• Intermittent
• Difficult to store
Molecules
(e.g. hydrogen, bio- or synthetic
methane, …)
• Continuous
• Better for heating
• Easy to store and easier to
move around
• Addresses also waste issues
• Can be made from renewable
H2 and CO2
AND there is a lot of sunk cost in NG infrastructure &
appliances- Existing natural gas turbines, boilers, heaters, stoves
- Gas transmission and distribution lines
Hydrogen
SUN-ERGY Kick-off
February 2020
Jules vernes 1874
“Yes, my friends, I believe that
water will one day be used as
fuel, that the hydrogen and the
oxygen which constitute it, used
alone or simultaneously, will
provide an inexhaustible source
of heat and light and an intensity
that coal can not have “
SUN-ERGY Kick-off
February 2020
How to produce Hydrogen ?
From Renewable
energies
From biomass
From natural gas
Electrolysis
Gasification or biologically
(early days)
Steam Methane Reforming
Underground extraction Localization then extraction
SUN-ERGY Kick-off
February 2020
How to produce Hydrogen ?
From Renewable
energies
From biomass
From natural gas
Electrolyzers
Gasification or biologically
(early days)
Steam Methane Reforming
Underground extraction Localization then extraction
SUN-ERGY Kick-off
February 2020
How to transport Hydrogen ?Discrepancy between where people live
SUN-ERGY Kick-off
February 2020
How to transport Hydrogen ?Discrepancy between where people live and abundant solar resources
SUN-ERGY Kick-off
February 2020
How to transport 10 kWhe of energy?
17
≈ 27 L Li-ion battery
≈ 7.7 L of H2
(20 ºC, 700 bar), gas
≈ 4.2 L of LH2
(-250 ºC, 1 bar), liquid
≈ 1.1 L of gasoline
≈ 13.3 L of H2
(20 ºC, 350 bar), gas
≈ 1.7 L of CH4
(-160 ºC, 1 bar), liquid
SUN-ERGY Kick-off
February 2020
The need for molecules (hydrocarbons or NH3) as
energy carriers
≈ 1.7 L of CH4
(-160 ºC, 1 bar), liquidNatural photosynthesis
Synthetichydrocarbons
SUN-ERGY Kick-off
February 2020
Power – to – Gas : coupling the E and G grids
2029/11/2016
Energy Usages
Electricity Grid Gas Grid
Natural Gas
Bio Methane
Power Plants
CO2Methanation
H2 injection
SNG injection
Gas to Power
Power to Gas
Gas Storage
SOFC / SOEC
SUN-ERGY Kick-off
February 2020
Power – to – Gas : example of the GRHYD Demo
2129/11/2016
electricity
Pilot 1:Energy for residential use
(heating, cooking etc.)
Pilot 2:Vehicle fuel
for sustainable mobility
Renewableenergies
Waterelectrolysis
Hythane
Natural gas Natural gas + % H2
H2 in NG grid
SUN-ERGY Kick-off
February 2020
Power – to – Gas : example of Methycentre & Hycaunais
23
SUN-ERGY Kick-off
February 2020
Power – to – Hydrocarbons : example of C2Fuel
24
SUN-ERGY Kick-off
February 202025
Too expensive today
but highly dependent
on electricity price for
electrolysis…
Environmental and social
impact better than most
bio-fuels…
Conclusion
RESTRICTED INTERNAL SECRET
ENGIE January 2020
The challenge is too large to tackle alone
as a research institute or company!
Research collaboration initiatives such as
SUN-ERGY are thus crucial!
Sun to fuel technologies studies within SUN-ERGY to produce ‘molecules’ are
crucial for the zero carbon energy transition!