The NautICS Materials workshop: teaching and learning

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The NautICS Materials workshop: teaching and learning The NautICS Materials workshop: teaching and learning

Interactive, Connected, and Smart Materials for Yacht Design. Interactive, Connected, and Smart Materials for Yacht Design.

Stefano Parisi Politecnico di Milano, Design Department

Arianna Bionda Politecnico di Milano

Andrea Ratti Politecnico di Milano

Valentina Rognoli Politecnico di Milano

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Citation Citation Parisi, S., Bionda, A., Ratti, A.,and Rognoli, V.(2019) The NautICS Materials workshop: teaching and learning Interactive, Connected, and Smart Materials for Yacht Design., in Börekçi, N., Koçyıldırım, D., Korkut, F. and Jones, D. (eds.), Insider Knowledge, DRS Learn X Design Conference 2019, 9-12 July, Ankara, Turkey. https://doi.org/10.21606/learnxdesign.2019.17094

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TheNautICSMaterialsWorkshop:TeachingandLearningInteractive,ConnectedandSmartMaterialsforYachtDesign

StefanoPARISIPolitecnicodiMilano,[email protected]

AriannaBIONDA

PolitecnicodiMilano,[email protected]

AndreaRATTIPolitecnicodiMilano,[email protected]

ValentinaROGNOLIPolitecnicodiMilano,[email protected]:10.21606/learnxdesign.2019.17094

Abstract:Knowledgeaboutmaterialsisakeyelementindesigneducation,consideringnotonlytheirtechnicalpropertiesbutalsoexperientialandexpressive-sensorialqualitiesofmaterials.Tocomplywiththistransitionandwiththeemergenceofnovelmaterials,educatorsneedtoadaptordevelopnewformats,toolsandmethodsforteachingandlearningmaterialsindesigncurricula.ThispaperpresentsatentativedesignmethodologyexperimentedandvalidatedinaneducationalworkshopnamedNautICSMaterials,withtheaimsof(i)teachingICSMaterialsintheabsenceofmaterialsamples,(ii)exploitingthepotentialofICSMaterialsindrivingyachtdesignconcepts;(iii)designingforICSMaterials;and(iv)introducingandapplyingthenotionofmaterialsexperience.ICSMaterialsisanacronymthatstandsforInteractive,Connected,andSmart.Indeed,thedomainofmaterialsfordesignischangingundertheinfluenceofanincreasinglytechnologicaladvancement,whichbringsminiaturizationoftechnologyandmaterialaugmentationwiththeuseofsensors,actuators,andmicroprocessors.Examplesofnewhybridmaterialsystemswithdynamicandcomputationalqualitiesareincreasinglyemergingandraisingtheneedtoforecasttheirpotentialsinthedesignspaceandtoreflectontheirfutureapplicationcritically,bothindesignandinteaching.TheworkshopNautICSMaterials-ICSMaterialsfortheNauticalsector-isdescribedbyitsobjectives,structure,methodology,toolsandresults,inordertopresentamodeltotransfertoothersectorsortoscaleupinlargerexperimentalandappliedactions.

Keywords:ICSMaterials;materialsexperience;yachtdesign;designtools;designeducation

StefanoPARISI,AriannaBIONDA,AndreaRATTI,ValentinaROGNOLI

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1IntroductionKnowledgeandskillsaboutmaterialsarefundamentalelementsindesignpracticeandeducation.Conventionally,theircontributioninthedesignspacewaslimitedtotheselectionofpropermaterialsforintegrationintostudents’projects,contributingintheprocessofmaterialization.Todothat,studentsweretypicallyaskedtoacquireknowledgeaboutmaterialfamilies,theirtechnicalproperties,manufacturingprocesses,treatmentsandfinishes,and–notleast–theirsensorialqualities.Infact,inthescopeofdesigneducation,theroleofthesensorialandexperientialqualitiesofmaterialshasremarkablyincreased.Inthelast30years,scholarsandeducatorsworkingintheareaofmaterialsfordesignmovedtheirattentionfromthetechnicalpropertiesofmaterialstotheexpressive,sensorial,andexperientialqualitiesofthem(Manzini,1986;Cornish,1987;Ashby&Johnson,2002;Rognoli,2010;Karana,Pedgley&Rognoli,2015).Itisacknowledgedthatmaterialshavequalitiesthatgobeyondthefulfillingofpracticaldemands.Theyhaveintangiblepropertiesthatcaptivateappreciationandthataffecttheexperienceofanartefactbeyonditsfunctionalvalue.Theyarequalitative,non-technical,andintangiblecharacteristicsrelatedtoemotions,personality,andculturalmeanings.Thesequalitiesofmaterialshavebeenexploredandclassifiedbydifferentscholars,constitutingasubstantialbodyofworkidentifiableasthenotionofMaterialsExperience(Karana,Pedgley&Rognoli,2013).Sincematerialitycontributestothedefinitionofproductexperience(Desmet&Hekkert,2017),theconceptofmaterialsexperiencearisesas“theexperiencethatpeoplehavethroughandwithmaterials”(Karana,Pedgley&Rognoli,2015),whichisframedintosensorial,emotional,meaningful,andperformativelayersofexperience(Giaccardi&Karana,2015).TheconceptofMaterialsExperiencegroundsonapreviousbodyofwork,suchastheMeaningsofMaterials(Karana,2009)andtheExpressive-SensorialDimensionofMaterials,i.e.,thesensorial,subjective,qualitative,andunquantifiableprofileofmaterials(Rognoli,2004;2010).

Becauseofthistransition,traditionalapproachesandtoolsformaterialsteachingandlearninginthedesignspacearenolongeradequate.Novelteachingandlearningformats,tools,andmethodshavebeeninquiredanddevelopedtomergethedualityofengineering-basedandexperience-basedinformationinaconsistentandcomplexframethatcanbeintroducedtodesignstudents.TheExpressive-SensorialAtlas(Rognoli,2004;2010)supportingdesignersintheirunderstandingofthematerialqualitiesandunfoldingtheirrelationswithengineeringpropertiesandthesensorialevaluationscale(Karana,2009)aretwoexamplesofthesetools.Theseembraceatransitionofeducationalapproachfromatheoreticalonetoamoreexplorativeandpracticalone,integratingmaterialeducationintodesignstudiosandexperimentalactivities,suchasworkshops.Inthisrespect,designstudentsareenabledtodesignfocusingontheappearanceofmaterials,thefeelandexperiencetheyinduce,orstartfromaparticularmaterialanddesignmeaningfulapplicationsforit,contributingtothedevelopmentofmaterialsandtheidentificationofinnovativesolutions.ThisisevidentintheapplicationofMaterialDrivenDesignmethod(Karanaetal.,2015)andMaterialTinkeringapproach(Parisi,Rognoli&Sonneveld,2017)indesignstudios,justtomentionsomeexamples.

Oneemergingchallengeformaterialseducationfordesignistheintroductionofnovelandunconventionalclassesofmaterialsdifferentfromthetraditionalones,suchasInteractive,Connected,andSmart(ICS)Materials.Theintegrationofthesematerialsarisestheneedfornewapproaches,tools,methods,andformatsforteachingandlearning.Inthisscope,MaterialsExperienceappearsasakeynotionfortheirunderstanding,conceptualization,andintegrationintoaconceptartefact.

1.1ICSMaterialsNovelmaterialswithdynamicandinteractivequalities,abletosense,process,andmaterializedata,areemergingundertheinfluenceofanincreasinglytechnologicaladvancementthatfuelsminiaturizationoftechnologyandmaterialaugmentation.Theseareexploredbythebasicresearchproject‘ICSMaterials’(Ferrara,etal.,2018;Bionda&Ratti,2018;Parisi,etal.,2018a;2018b),anacronymthatstandsforInteractive,Connected,andSmartMaterials.Manyofthesematerialsareattheirexperimentalandprototypicalstagewithoutaclearapplication.Thepracticeofdesignhasalwaysfacilitatedthedevelopmentandintegrationofnovelmaterials(Ashby&Johnson,2002).However,designpracticeandeducationlackamethodologytoapproachthesematerials.Thepurposesoftheresearchare:(i)todevelopmethodsandtoolsfordesignpractitionersandstudentstounderstand,conceptualize,anddesign(with)them;(ii)toforecasttheirpotentialsinthedesignspace,consideringtheroleoftheexperiencesenabledandimpliedbysuchmaterials;(iii)andtoreflectontheirfutureapplicationcritically.Thispaperisastepinthisdirection,byproposingatentativemethodologyformaterialeducationfordesign,aimedtodesignwithandforICSMaterialsanddescribingitsapplicationandresultsinaYachtDesigneducationalworkshop.

ThedefinitionofICSMaterialsishereproposedasHybridMaterialSystems,i.e.,material-basedsystemswithdifferentdegreesofcomplexitycombininginactivematerials,smartmaterialcomponents,andembeddedsensing,computing,andactuatingtechnologies.Individualaspectsofsuchmaterialshavebeenexploredandformalizedbypreviousand


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currentresearchesofcolleaguesintheintersectionofDesign,Materials,andHuman-ComputerInteraction(Vallgårda&Sokoler,2010;Razzaque,Dobson&Delaney,2013;Barati,Giaccardi&Karana,2018).Theymainlyperformshape-shifting,light-emitting,andcolour-changingbehaviours.Theseamlesscombinationofelementsintoamaterialsystemmightenablelessintrusiveandmoreinclusiveexperiences,amoreimmediateandengaginginteraction,andsustainableintegrationoftechnologiesintoeverydaypractices.

Theresearchispositionedintheintersectionofdesign,newmaterials,andinteraction.WeassumeabehaviouristicviewofInteraction(Saffer,2009),whichunderpinsabroadmeaningoftheterm,byalsoconsideringothermeansofinteractiondifferentfromdigitalandcomputational,andadoptinganinclusiveapproach(Buchanan,2001).Thus,weconsiderabroadrangeofmaterialsempoweredbycomputational,mechanical,chemicalandbiologicalcomponentsassensorsandactuators.ICSMaterialsariseaspotentialenablersofmeaningfuldynamicandinteractivematerialsexperiencesastangibleinterfacesforadiversityofapplications,frominteractivearchitecturetosmartfashion,fromautonomousvehiclestosmartandconversationalobjects.

1.2EmergingTrendsinYachtDesignWithemergingtechnologiesandcutting-edgematerials,theyachtingindustryisevolvingrapidlytomeettheneedsofmodernyachtownersandisgrowingbothonsalesvolumeandboatsize.Themarket,indeed,iscontinuouslyrisingandsince2014hasbenefitedfromtheupwarddemandforyachtcharterandwater-basedluxuryexperiencesmovingtowardsthelargeyachtsegment(BoatInternational,2018;Deloitte,2018).Between2010and2017,the60metersplusmarketsegment,so-calledmegayacht,hasgrownbyanaverageof11%andwiththeperspectivetoreachUS$74.7billionby2022(GlobalIndustryAnalystsInc,2017),confirmingthetheorythatthehigh-endsectorappearstobemoreresilienttoanycrisisininternationalmarkets(Campolongo,2017).Asyachtsareevolvingintosuperyachtsandmegayachts,thedesignprojectsaremovingawayfromthetraditionalconservativenatureofthisindustrywithergonomic-baseduseofspaceatthecentreofdesignpractice,toluxurydesignboatswhereaprojectishighlyinfluencedbytheclientpersonalityandaesthetic,andwherethedesigncriteriaarerevealedwith[emphasizedandspecialcharacters”(Celaschietal.,2015).Designersarenowexperimentingwithnewsoftfeaturesforhighersensoryexpressions,lookingfornewtypesofinteractionbetweenyacht,sea,andhumanbehaviours.AsintroducedinTheFutureYachtbyBoatInternational(2017):

Lifestyledesignisthenewundercurrentofyachting,promotedbyfellowdisruptorswhoassertthatmostcurrentlyavailableyachtsdon’tlivethewaytoday’snewaffluentsocietydoes.Thedisconnectispalpable.Peoplewantavesselthatwillgivethemexperiencestheycan’thaveelsewhere,andfortoolonghavebeenhandeddesignsforvesselsthatsimplyreplicatealltheirland-basedelsewhere,albeitwithapointyend.Theseareexcitingtimes,yachtingatthecuspofchange.

Lookingwiththelensofexperiencedesignwecanidentifythefollowingkeyelementsasyachtdesigntrends(Bionda&Ratti,2018):

• Experiencethesea.Softfeaturesandflexible/convertspaceshighlightthecontinuitybetweenindoorsandoutdoors.Livingareasthemselvesareevolvingwiththeadvancingglassandmaterialtechnology.Materialexperienceassumesanimportantmeaningasitbecomesagreatcatalystofemotionsabletothrowtheyachtownerintoanaugmentedexperience.

• Innovativelayouts.TheGeneralArrangementismovingawayfromtraditionalstructureswithdividedinteriorsandsmalleroutdoorspaces.Thereisanincreasedfocusonlargeroutdoorareasandlighteropenplaninteriors.Thestructuralconstraintsarebecomingless,leadingtomoreinterestingwaysofdesigningspacesandcombiningareaswithorganicstructuresandpop-upspacesexploredinseveralyachtdesignconcept.

• Focusonhealth&wellness.Ownersarelookingtocarrytheirbalancedlifestyleintotheworldofyachting.Thespaexperienceisaccelerating:gyms,cryotherapychambers,saltinhalationrooms,hotyogastudiosarejustafewoftheideasonthedrawingboard.

2TheNautICSMaterialsWorkshopAmongthediversepotentialareasofuseofICSMaterials–fromautomotivetosmartarchitecture,fromthehealthsectortoconsumerelectronics–,theNauticaltransportationdemonstratestobeoneofthemostsuitableandcompetitivesectorsofintegration.Here,ICSMaterialsmaybetheenablersofmeaningfulexperiences,expandingtheuniqueinteractionbetweenthelivingspace,thesea,andhumanbehaviours.Onthistheme,a3-dayeducationalworkshopnamedNautICSMaterialswasorganizedandrunbytheauthorsatPolitecnicodiMilano,MasterinYacht


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Designprogram.Theeducationalworkshopinvolved28studentswiththegoaltoforeseeandideatefuturescenariosintheyachtingsector,byconceptualizingnewICSmaterialsandapplyingtheminFutureYachtdesignconcepts.

Thisworkshopwasdesignedtobeadoptedasatrainingprograminadesignfirmorinthenewyachtdepartmentofashipyard,involvingstudentswithdifferentbackgroundswhohadnoknowledgeofICSmaterialandmaterialsexperience.Aspecificsetofactivitiesframedinatentativedesignmethodology-–namelyDesignforICSMaterials–withtheirsupportingtoolsweredeveloped:YachtingScenarioBoards,ICSMaterialsCards,andaConceptCanvas.Theworkshophadtheobjectiveofexperimentingandtestingatentativemethodologyto:(i)teachICSMaterialsintheabsenceofmaterialsamples,(ii)exploitthepotentialofICSMaterialindrivingyachtdesignconcepts,(iii)designforICSMaterialsand(iv)introduceandapplythenotionofMaterialsExperience.

2.1MasterinYachtDesignTheFirst-levelSpecializingMasterinYachtDesign(MYD)atthePolitecnicodiMilano-POLI.designwasfoundedtomeetthestrongdemandfortraininginthepleasure-craftsegmentandprovidesthetoolsformanagingthedesignandconstructionofsailingandmotorboats,fromprojectbrieftodefinitionofgeneralplans,hydrostaticandhydrodynamiccalculations,fitting-outofinteriors,deckandboardequipment,boatsystems,productionintheyardandcontrolofexecutivestages.Studentsattendingtheprogrammehavedifferentbackgrounds,bothacademic–architects,productdesigners,andengineers–andcultural.

NautICSMaterialsisathree-dayeducationalworkshopprogramdesignedasafirststepinapproachingICSMaterialforayachtdesignproject,organizedandrunbytheauthorsatMYD.AstheworkshopwasconceptualizedtobethefirstexperienceindesignwithICSMaterials,the28MYDstudentsinvolvedhadnoknowledgeeitheraboutInteractive,ConnectedandSmartmaterialsnoraboutmaterialexperience.Indeed,theteachingactivityonmaterialsofferedintheMasterprogramisconventionallylimitedtothetechnicalproprieties,manufacturingprocessesandfinishingofconstructionmaterials.Thematerialscontributiontoyachtdesignprojectsarerestrictedtoaselectionofmaterials,withtheirtreatmentsandfinishingintegratedasamaterialboardinstudents’works.SincepreviousdidacticunitsonmaterialsunderatechnicalprofilehavealreadybeenprovidedtotheMasterstudents,thisworkshopaimedtointroducethenotionofMaterialsExperienceandapplyittodesigningwithandforemergingandcomplexmaterials.TheworkshopwasorganizedatthehalfwayoftheMasterlearningpath,whenstudentshavealreadydevelopedyachtdesignskillsinmanagingtheshapeandthegeneralarrangementofaboat,aswellasinconstructionmaterialandsystemengineering.Regardingstudents’experiencesinyachtdesignprocesses,theNautICSMaterialsworkshopaimedtooverturnthetraditionalwayofdesigningayacht,byexploitingthepotentialofICSMaterialindrivingtheconceptdesignoffunctionalandaestheticelementsforfutureyachts,embeddedintheinteriorlayoutofthevessel.

2.2WorkshopMethodologyTheworkshopmethodologywasdesignedbytheauthorstoreachtheintendedworkshopobjectiveof(i)teachingICSMaterialsintheabsenceofmaterialsamples,(ii)exploitingthepotentialofICSMaterialindrivingyachtdesignconcepts;(iii)designingforICSMaterials;(iv)introducingandapplyingthenotionofMaterialsExperience.ThemethodologyoftheNautICSMaterialseducationalworkshopcouldbeadoptedasatrainingprograminAcademiaaswellasinadesignfirmorinthenewyachtdepartmentofashipyard,asitisaddressedtoprofessionalswithdifferentbackgroundsandnopreviousknowledgeinmaterialsexperienceorICSMaterials.Toachieveitsobjectives,theworkshophadthreefeatures:

• thestudentsweredividedintofivemultidisciplinarygroupsofatleastfivememberstoreflectacommonyachtdesignstudio;

• theworktimeperiodandtasksweresplitintosectionstogivearhythmtothedesignactivity,verifydurationoftasks,andincreaseefficiency;

• apersonalizedtoolkitwasgiventoeachteamtodrivethedifferentdesignphases.ThetoolkitcontainedYachtingScenariosBoards,ICSMaterialsCards,andaConceptCanvasspeciallydesignedfortheworkshop(toknowmore,gotohttp://www.icsmaterials.polimi.it/);

• thestudentswereaskedtodevelopayachtlivingarea(whetherinasailing-oramotor-yacht)drivenbythematerialexperienceandstimulatedbyagivenscenariowithoutpre-assignedvesseltypologyandsize.

Theworkshopwasorganizedinthefollowingsevensectionsconductedforeighthoursaday,withaone-hourlunchbreak,forthreedays:


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Introductionandpreparation[2hours]:presentationofthemacro-trendoftheyachtingsectorandICSMaterialsresearchbythetutors;divisionofthestudentsintogroupsandtoolkitdistribution.

Exploration[2hours]:openingofthetoolkitandgettingfamiliarwithtrends,ICSmaterials,andYachtingscenarios.Answeringthequestion“whatdoesthefutureholdforsuperyachtdesign?”tostartthinkingabouthowthenextlevelofyachtingwouldbelikewithnewsmartmaterials.Tools:YachtingScenarioBoardsandICSMaterialsCards.

Definition[2hours]:tonarrowtheareaofintervention,selectionofapartofayachtjourney(sailing,mooring/atanchor)orapartofthedayanddefinitionofanonboardspaceinwhichtheconceptprojectofthenewmaterialsystemwillbedeveloped.Tools:YachtingScenarioBoardsandICSMaterialsCards.

Conceptualization[4hours]:ideationofnewmaterialsystemconceptsandvisualizationofyachtexperiencesenhancedbyICSmaterials,throughsketches,moodboards,storyboards,andtextualnotes.Tools:YachtingScenarioBoards,ICSMaterialsCards,andConceptCanvas.

Integration[4hours]:integrationofthematerialsystemconceptideasintofeasibledesignproposals.Tools:ConceptCanvas.

Design[8hours]:developmentofYachtconcepts,usingconventionaldesignandrepresentationtoolsandtechniques,i.e.drawingandrenderingbyhandandsoftware.

Delivering[2hours]:exhibitionandpresentationofthefinalworktotheotherteamsandopenroundtablediscussion.Outcomes:3posters(A2landscapeformat)foreachgroup.

2.3Tools

2.3.1YachtingScenarioBoardsBasedonthefirstexperiencesofICS_Materialsresearchproject,MappingICSMaterialsWorkshop2017(Parisietal.,2018b)andICS4YDWorkshop2017(Bionda&Ratti,2018),differentcasestudiesweredividedintofivegroups,takingintoconsiderationboththecharacteristicsofeachreactiveandproactivematerialsandthesensorystimuli/informationwhilesailinginayacht.Then,thefollowingfivenewscenariosfortheyachtingindustrywerefinalized:TheWartyJellyfishMood,MoisturePoetry,WaveofGoodNoise,Thermo-Taste,andDynamicEquilibrium.EachscenariowaspresentedthroughaninspirationalA4boardprovidingamoodboard,anenvisioningtextualstorytelling,anddifferentkeywordsregardingthesensorial,emotional,interpretive,andperformativelayersoftheproposedonboardexperiences(Figures1and2).Thistoolwasusedmainlyintheexplorationphasetodrivethefirstdesignchoicesandtostartenvisioninghowthenextlevelofyachtingwouldbelikewithnewsmartmaterials.

Figure1.Thermo-Tasteyachtingscenarioboard-front.


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Figure2.Thermo-Tasteyachtingscenarioboard-back.

2.3.2ICSMaterialCardsAdeckof48cardswasdesignedwiththepurposeofhelpingstudentsunderstandalltheelementsofICSMaterialsandbuildnewconceptswiththem,bygaininganunderstandingofwhattheyare,howtheyaremade,howtheywork,andhowtheyappear,andidentifyingtheirinputsandoutputsofinteraction.EachcardshowsanexampleofICSMaterial,withpicturesandtextualinformation,i.e.,nameoftheproject,nameoftheauthor,ashorttextdescribinghowitfunctionsandperforms,andagraphicalschematicrepresentationshowingitscomponents,inputs,andoutputs(Figures3and4).Todothateachexamplewasdeconstructedintoitsconstitutingelements.Theexamplesthathavebeenselectedbytheauthorstobuildthecardsdeckencompassedmaterials,surfaces,andmaterial-basedobjectsandsystemsusedinmanyapplications,withdifferentbehaviours,complexity,andtechnologicalreadinesslevels.IntheExplorationstage,thestudentswereaskedtoreadthecontentofthecards,clusterthemandselectthemostpromisingexamplesaccordingtotheirscenario.

Figure3.ICSMaterialCardofthecase:ChromosonicbyEjtech(frontandback).

Wave of good noiseTechnical systems and engine room noise are re-shaped and synthesized waveforms change the shape of materials in order to emphasize sound of the natural elements where a yacht is placed. Sound interaction could be facilitate by gesture control and touch pad.

Pressure

shape-changing vibration

sound manipulator

pin-based display

vibration sensorsound instrument


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Figure4.AselectionofICSMaterialsCards.

2.3.3ConceptCanvasAConceptCanvasinA3sizewasdesignedtobeusedmainlyintheconceptualizationphase(Figure5).ThepurposeofthecanvaswastoguidethestudentsthroughthenoveldesignmethodologytoconceptualizeanewICSMaterial(Figure6).Thecanvaswasdividedintothreesections,namely(i)materialsystembuilding,(ii)materialsystemsketching/picturing,and(iii)materialsystemdescription.Thefirstsectionprovidedanemptyschematicgraphicalrepresentationofamaterialsystemwithblankspacestobecompletedwiththenamesofcomponents,input,andoutput.Thisrecalledthesamedesignusedinthecards.ThepurposewastousetheschemetobuildanovelmaterialsystembygettinginspirationsfromtheexamplesshowedintheICSMaterialsCardsandcombiningtheirconstitutingelementsinanewcoherentdesign.Althoughtheschemerepresentsasimplifiedlaminateconstruction,otherwaysofintegratingandcombiningelementsinacompositestructuremaybeconsidered.Thesecondsectionprovidedablankboxwherestudentscouldstartmaterializingthefirstconceptideawithsketches,collagesofpictures,ormixedtechniques.Thethirdsectionaskedtooutlinetheconceptwithtextualtechnicaldescription(howitworks),performativedescription(whatitdoes),sensoryandexperientialdescription(howitfeels,looks,andsounds),basedontheMaterialsExperienceframework(Giaccardi&Karana,2017).Thislastsectionaimedtoreflectupontheperformancesandexperiencesenabledandimpliedbytheconcept,basedontheindividualmaterialcomponentsandthecompositionoftheminanarticulatedsystem.Eventhoughwesuggestedtofollowthestepssequentially,thethreeactivitiescouldbecarriedoutinparallelwithaniterativeapproach,aseachsectioninformtheothers.


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Figure5.ICSMaterialConceptCanvas.

Figure6.ActivitiesandintermediatestagesoftheNautICSMaterialsworkshop.


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3ResultsDuringtheNautICSMaterialsworkshopactivity,studentsconceptualizednovelmaterialsystems,throughtherecombinationofdepictedcomponents,andfullyintegratedthemintothedesignconceptsoffunctionalandaestheticelementsembeddedintheinteriorlayoutofthevessel.Astangibleinterfaces,theymaterializeexternalandimperceptibleenvironmentaldata,sothathumanscouldexperiencethemthroughaugmentedexpressions.Changingtheircharacteristicsonexternalstimuli,ICSMaterialsinfluencetheaestheticsandperceptionofspaces,encouragingsensoryexperienceswhilesailingormooring.FiveresultingdesignconceptsrelatedtoFutureYachtdrivenbytheICSMaterialexperiencearedescribedbelow.

ThesailingyachtconceptGlowrious(Figures7and8),basedonTheWartyJellyfishMood,re-imagestherelationshipbetweentheon-boardnaturalandartificiallighttransformingtheyachthullintoaluminescentnightillusionsystem,byembeddingphoto-luminescentpigmentsintoasmartglasscontrolledthroughArduino.Thesmartwindowscatchtheexternallightcomingfromthesun,byabsorbingitwithphoto-luminescentpigmentslocatedontheglasssurface,andreflectitonthewater.ALCDpanelislocatedbetweentheinternalandexternalglasstoprovideanelectrochromiceffect.Theelectrochromicglassgivesthefreedomtocontroltheinteriorlightintensityfrombothdaylightaswellasthephotoluminescentelements.Thesensorialexperienceisabioluminescentplanktoneffect,adiffuselightwrappingtheyachthull.Inside,thewarmandpleasantlightrefractedfromthewaterwithdifferentintensitiesgivesanextrasensoryexperienceduringmooringandsailing.

Figure7.Glowriousyachtconcept.


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Figure8.Glowrious’smartwindowsmaterial’sgraphicalschematicrepresentation:components,inputandoutput,anddescriptionofthematerialsexperienceitenables.

TheFloatingForest,developedfromtheMoisturePoetryyachtingscenario,usesinboardmoisturetocreateafuturisticbiosphereprovidingonboardwaterandlightthroughatwofoldhybridmaterialsystem.ThefirstICSMaterialdevelopedhastheprimaryobjectiveoftransformingtheexcessmoistureinsidethebiospheretodrinkablewaterandiscomposedoffourlayers:ahygrometersensor,activatedabsorbent,porousplate,andahydrophobicslider.Thesecondmaterialisalightemittingonethattakesmoistureconcentrationinlivingspacesasinput.Thismaterialismadeoutoffivedifferentlayers,whichalsoactasastructuralcomponentofthevessel:ahygrometersensor,anabsorberspongetocollectthemoistureofthespace,aporousaluminiumfoilasacapillary,ahydrophobicsliderandhydrochromicpigmenttoproducelight.

TakingtheinspirationfromtheWaveofGoodNoisescenario,DynamicFlowmaterializesthewavesoundfrequenciesinaninteriorwaterfallthankstoexternalsoundsensors.Thesoundofwavesisreproducedinavisualeffectthroughacomplexsystemmadeoutofanexternalmicrophoneforshort-rangesoundwaves,amicrocontroller,atunegeneratingsoftwareandtheelectricalandwatersystemthatprovideenergyandwatertotheinteriorwaterfall.

TheUnderwaterBreathingNestisbasedontheThermo-Tasteyachtingscenarioandreinterpretstheyachtinteriorasalivingcreatureabletoreacttothehumanpresenceandheat,creatingcomfortableareasthroughshape-shiftingsmarttextilescoveringtheinteriorsurfaces.Heatsensorworktogethertoidentifyhumanpresenceandtemperaturethroughproximity.Oncedetected,theinformationistransferredtotheelectrosensitivelayersthatreactexpandingthemselveslikealivingcreature.Theinterioreffectisaboatbreathingfromthegillsenrichedwithadynamicallycontrolledcomforttemperature.

ThelastconceptdevelopedwasHeckquilibriuminspiredbytheDynamicEquilibriumyachtingscenario.Throughlight,itshowstheeffectofwindandwaterforcesonasailingboat,envelopingtheinteriorwithmovableplywoodpanelscoveredwithlight-emittingsmarttextilesandopticfibresrespondingtopressuresensors.Whenthevesselisstable,thepanelsareclosedgivingasimplecladdingeffect.However,whentheboatheelsthepanelsopenup,offeringadynamicexperiencebyfollowingtheangleoftheheelinghull.Moreover,dynamictextilepatternsaddedtotheplywoodpanelsreacttoroughseaemittinglightaccordingtothewavepressures.Fromatechnicalpointofview,ananopressuresensorlocatedalongthelengthofthehullmeasureshealingangleandwaterpressure.Thesignalis


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receivedbyacontrolunitthatcontrolsindependentlyboththepanels’servomotorsandthelightemittingopticfibresoneachpanel.

4DiscussionAttheendoftheworkshop,studentswereasked,bymeansofaquestionnaire,fortheirfeedbackinordertomeasuretheeffectivenessandreceptionoftheactivity.TheNautICSMaterialsworkshopconfirmedtheeffectivenessofthetentativemethodologyinachievingtheobjectives.Allthestudents,withnopreviousknowledgeonICSMaterialsandmaterialsexperience,wereabletoconceptualizenovelmaterialsystemswithdifferentdegreesofcomplexitycombininginactivematerialsandsmartmaterialcomponents.Thetoolkitproveditspotentialinguidingthedesignphasesfromthematerialunderstanding,tothenewmaterialsconceptualization,andtheirintegrationintoyachtdesignconcepts.Thecardsovercamethelimitationscausedbythelackofphysicalsamplesoftheactualmaterialsandprovidedimmediateandeffectiveinformationonthematerials.However,futuredevelopmentofthemethodologymayintegratematerialsamplesandprototyping.Bothstudentsandtutorsrealizedthattime-wisea3-dayworkshopistoolimitedforthedevelopmentofinnovativedesignconceptsthatcouldintegrateamixofaesthetic,functional,materialandtypologicalinnovation.Indeed,justtwooffiveconceptsrevealedsignificantimplicationofthematerialdevelopmentintoinnovativeyachtshapesandfunctions.Inmostcases,theyachtconceptsweredisconnectedornotinfluencedbythematerialthathavebeenconceptualized,resemblingconventionalyachtsespeciallyontheoutside.However,takinginspirationfromanotherindustrialsector,thedesignconceptsimplementedanewgenerationofmaterialforcompositestructure,exteriorandinteriordesignandsailswithdynamic,augmented,andproactiveproperties.ThenotionofMaterialsExperiencehasbeenlearntandappliedbystudents,providinginspirationanddetailstotheconcepts.ThevisionaryandspeculativeapproachimpliedbythethemeofFutureYachtandICSMaterialshavebeenappreciatedbystudentsandrequestedtobeintegratedinotherdidactunitsoftheMasterinYachtDesign.Furthermore,theworkshopprovedthepotentialofICSMaterialstoinfluencetheyachtspacesperceptionenhancingtheonboardexperience:astangibleandmaterialinterfaces,theymaterializeexternalandimperceptibledataenablingmulti-sensoryandengagingyachtingexperienceandallowingtheusertobemoreproactiveandengagedintheirinteractionwithspacesandthenavigation.TofosterandexploitthepotentialofICSMaterials,futureapplicationofthemethodologyinadesignworkshopcoulddirectsuchmaterialstocreateawareness,alleviate,orcontributeinsolvingtoday’senvironmentalproblems.JusttomentionsomeexamplesofpotentialdirectionsintheYachtsector,ICSMaterialsmayvisualizeenvironmentalinformationtocreateawarenessonthequalityofair,helpinthefiltrationanddepurationofpollutedwaterwhilesailing,orbeusedasanalternativeandsustainablesourceofenergy-harvestingforself-sufficientboats.Furthermore,futureworkshopscouldaddressedthedesignofnewICSmaterialsfromnaturalsourcesorwithalowimpactinproduction,suchassecondrowmaterialsorDIYmaterials.

5ConclusionThepaperdraftedthemaintheoreticalfoundationsabouttheresearchICSMaterialsinrelationtomaterialeducationfordesignanddepictedtheeducationalworkshopNautICSMaterialsbyitsobjectives,structure,methodology,tools,andresults,inordertopresentamodeltotransfertoothersectorsortoscaleupinlargerexperimentalandappliedactions–notonlyineducation,butalsoinpracticewithindustrialpartners–fortheintegrationofsmartmaterialsandtechnologiesinthedesignspace.TakingintoconsiderationtheoutcomesandinferencesfromthepilotapplicationintheYachtDesignsector,themethodologycouldbeappliedandextendedtootherfields,including,butnotlimitedto,transportationandautomotive,health,smart,microand/ortemporaryarchitecture,mobilespacesuite,consumerelectronics,andsmartandconversationalobjects.

Acknowledgments:ThisworkispartofICS_Materials,abasicresearchprojectcarriedoutattheDesignDepartmentofPolitecnicodiMilanoandfundedbytheUniversityBasicResearchFundingFARB2015.Wethankthecolleaguestakingparttotheresearch:CamiloAyalaGarcia,VenanzioArquilla,MauroAttilioCecconello,MarinellaFerrara,VenereFerraro,andDavideSpallazzo.TheworkshopwasorganisedatMYD,MasterinYachtDesignofPolitecnicodiMilano.TheresearchispartiallyfundedbyFondazioneF.lliConfalonieri(Ph.D.studentgrant).

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AbouttheAuthors

StefanoParisiisaPhDstudentattheDesignDepartmentofPolitecnicodiMilano.His research focuses on the definition of design guidelines for the purposefuldevelopmentandmeaningful integrationof smartmaterial systems in thedesignspace.HeisamemberoftheMaterialsExperienceLab.Hisresearchandteachingactivitiesdealwithemergingmaterials,hybridmateriality,anddesigntools.

AriannaBiondaisaPhDstudentattheDesignDepartmentofPolitecnicodiMilano.Architect, sailor and yacht designer, since 2014 she is involved in teaching andresearchactivitieswiththemasterprograminYachtDesignatPolitecnicodiMilano


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andSMaRTLab,LeccoInnovationHubinterdepartmental laboratory.Herdoctoralresearchisfocusedoninnovativetechnologiesandmaterials’roleinayachtdesignprojectandtheircurrentdynamicsandpracticesofinteraction.

Andrea Ratti is Associate Professor at the Design Department of Politecnico diMilano.Hisactivityconcernsthestudyoftechnicalinnovationinmarineconstructiontechniqueswithfocusonsustainabilityindesignandindustrializationprocesses.HeiscurrentlydirectoroftheUniversityMasterinYachtDesign,co-ChairoftheMasterCourseinDesignNavaleeNauticoandscientificManageroftheSustainableMarineResearch&TecnologyLab.

ValentinaRognoliisAssistantProfessorintheDesignDepartmentattheSchoolofDesign,PolitecnicodiMilano,wheresheco-directstheMaterialsExperienceLab,aninternationalresearchgroupactingattheintersectionofproductdesign,materialsscience, social sciences, and engineering with a transdisciplinary approach tomaterials fordesign.Shehasbeenworking inthefieldofmaterials fordesignforalmosttwentyyearsgainingexpertiseonthistopicbothinresearchandeducation.