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THE NATURE OF SCIENCE
Biology
Biology and Youhttps://youtu.be/PzwTxVncWrI
Prefix Symbol Factor Number Factor Word
Kilo k 1,000 Thousand
Hecto h 100 Hundred
Deca da 10 Ten
Deci d 0.1 Tenth
Centi c 0.01 Hundredth
Milli m 0.001 Thousandth
Base
METRIC SYSTEM
Volume?Liter (L)milliter (mL)
gram (g)kilogram (kg)milligram (mg)
Mass?
Distance?meter (m)kilometer (km)centimeter (cm)millimeter (mm)
Base Units
English System Metric System
1 inch1 foot
2.5 cm0.3048 meter
1 mile 1.6 kilometer
1 cup1 quart4 quarts (1 gal)
0.24 liters0.95 liter3.8 liters
1 ounce1 pound
28 grams0.5 kilogram
Distance
Volume
Mass
k h da BASE d c m
King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk
1. 20 km = ____ meters
Decimal moves: k h da m = 3 times to the right
= 20,000 m
2. 200 mg = ______ grams
gram d c m = 3 times to the left
= 0.2 g
Examples:
Metric Conversionskilo hecto deca(da) BASE deci centi milli
Practice ConversionsFun Sheet
Unit = Celsius
Freeze 0oCBoil 100oCBody 37oCRoom Temp 20-25oC
Temperature =
32o C212oC
98.6oC70-80oC
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
MassTriple Beam BalanceUnit?
DistanceMeter StickMetric RulerUnit?
VolumeGraduated CylinderBeakerErlenmeyer FlaskUnit?
MicroscopeGlass SlideCover Slip
RandomTest TubeTest Tube ClampPetri DishPipetteSyringeScalpelForceps
TemperatureThermometer (Celsius)Hot PlateUnit?
TimeStop WatchUnit?
LABORATORY SAFETY
Chemical Safety
Fire Safety
Safety Symbols
THESCIENTIFIC
METHODhttps://youtu.be/k2MhMsLn9B0 https://youtu.be/_7sSuhQ1_24
Scientific Method 6 Steps:
1. Identify the problem/ Form a question
3. Hypothesis
4. Controlled Experiment
4.
2. Observations
5. Record and Analyze Data
6. Conclusion
Maggots “appear” on Meat
1. Problem/Question:
2. OBSERVATIONS: (relevant to question)
3. HYPOTHESIS: (educated guess) Has to be testable
“If.., then…” statement
4. EXPERIMENT- Controlled Experiment = only one variable
is changed.- Variable = factors that can change.
PROCEDURE
Controlled Variables:
Manipulated Variables:“Independent Variable”
Uncovered jars Covered jars
Several days pass
Maggots appear No maggots appearResponding Variable: “Dependent Variable”
Keep the same
Change intentionally
Changes due to IV
5. RECORD and ANALYZE DATA:- Quantitative = numbers by measuring or counting
(Chart/Graph)- Qualitative = description (chart)
6. CONCLUSION:
“The Hypothesis was correct. Maggots form only when flies come in contact with meat.”
-Hypothesis correct/incorrect-Statement of results- Errors and Improvements
Several days pass
Maggots appear No maggots appear
Scientific Method
1. Question
2. Observe
3. Hypothesis
4. Experiment
5. Data
6. Conclusion
If IV, then DV
“Controlled”Variables
Publish experimentalresults in a ScientificJournal.
repetitionand validity
Allows?
Theory = A well tested explanation that unifiesa broad range of observations
Other Theories?
Law =A natural phenomenon that has been proven to occur invariably whenever certain conditions are met.
GRAPHINGhttps://youtu.be/zNCIDCr3HCw
= a visual display of information or data
Graph?
Line Graph
Bar Graph
Circle/Pie Graph
Independent Variable
“X-axis”Horizontal Axis =
“Y-axis”
Vertical Axis =
Dependent Variable
???
Which factory had the least amount of defective Cars?How many did this factory have?
B
17 per 1000 cars
Between what 2 point of mileage does a car’s value decrease the most?How much value does a car’s value depreciate over this period?
20,000- 40,000
$4,000
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFEAND
THEMES OF BIOLOGYhttps://youtu.be/juxLuo-sH6M
Characteristics of Life• Order• Reproduction• Growth and Development• Energy Utilization• Response to the Environment• Homeostasis• Evolutionary Adaptation
Order Reproduction Growth and Development
Response to Environment Homeostasis
Energy Utilization
Evolutionary Adaptation
THEMES OF BIOLOGY
1. Cell structure and Function
2. Reproduction
3. Metabolism
4. Homeostasis
5. Heredity
6. Evolution
7. Interdependence
1. Cell structure and Function2. Reproduction
3. Metabolism
4. Homeostasis5. Heredity6. Evolution7. Interdependence
Carcharodon carcharias
4. Homeostasis
6. Evolution
1. Cell structure and Function
3000 teeth
3. Metabolism
7. Interdependence
2. Reproduction
5. Heredity
Chap. 1: Biology in the 21st Century
Graphing-X and Y axes-IV and DV-Bar and Line Graphs
Chapter 1-The Study of life-Unifying Themes of Biology-Scientific Thinking and Processes -Biologists Tools and Technology-Biology and the Future
Metric System-Base units (length, volume, mass)-Prefixes-Metric Conversions
Equipment-Names-Use
Safety-Chemical, Fire, Electrical
Labs-Measurement-Lab Equipment
Scientific Method-Purpose-Steps-Variables
Vocabulary ListBiosphere homeostasis measurementBiodiversity evolution accuracySpecies adaptation precisionBiology observation microscopeScience data geneOrganism hypothesis molecular geneticsCell experiment genomicsMetabolism independent variableDNA dependent variableSystem constant biotechnologyEcosystem theory transgenics
END
To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
ExampleTo convert 90o C F
F = (1.8 X 90) + 32F = 162 + 32F = 19490o C = 194o F
F = (1.8 x C) + 32
To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius
ExampleTo convert 82o F C
C = (F - 32) / 1.8
C = (82 - 32) / 1.8C = 50 / 1.8C = 27.882o F = 27.8o C