THE NATIONAL -.--"'"

CYCLOPlEJDIA OF AMERICAN ~

,

BIOGRAPHY

BEING THE

mSTORY OF THE UNITED STAlES -I AS ILLUSTRATED IN THE LIVES OF THE FOUNDERS, BUILDERS, AND DEFENDERS

OF THE REPUBLIC, AND OF THE MEN AND WOMEN WHO ARE DOING THE WORK AND MOULDING THE

THOUGHT OF THE PRES· ENT TIME

EDITED BY

DISTINGUISHED BIOGRAPHERS, SELECTED FROM EACH STATE

REVISED AND APPROVED BY THE MOST EMINENT HISTO,RIANS, SCHOLARS, AND

STATESMEN OF THE DAY

/

VOL U:ME III.

NEW YORK

JAMES T. WHITE & COMPANY 1893 /,1

COPYRIGHT, 1891. BY JAMES T. WHITE & ~OMPANY.

[.AU right. ruerwd.)

"Il

FROII THII: PRII:SS or DANIEL O. F. CLASS,

III1:W you.

.1

234 THE NATIONAl. CYCLOP ..BOlA

and seeured from the privy council there a disallow-. ance of the act. But the juries in Virginia. intluenc­ed by the eloquence of Patrick Henry and the coun­tenance of Gov. Dinwiddie, who hated Camm, gave nominal damllges, and President Cllmm again ap­pealed to the privy council. Hut in 1767 Lord North, to President Camm' s dis!lullt, rlismi!!SCd the appeal on the ground that the actlllll had been wrongly laid. This closed a controver!lY of thirteen vellrs' duration. In 1769 he married Betsy Hansforii, daughter of Charles Hanf!ford, a grandson of the brother of Thollln.'1 Hansford, one of Nathaniel Bacon'slieuten­ants. On the outbreak of hostilities between Vir­ginill and the mother-country President Camm would not recognize the authority of the new government, and in the spring of 1777 was removed I>y the board of visitors, now lar/!l!ly dominated I>y nlltive·bom Virginians. He died the following year, and his wife a year later. He has numerous descendants in Vir~';nia. Accorrling to the inventorr of his estate, he died worth £7.2rii lOs., in personll property.

MADISON, Jame8, eighth president of William and Mary college, WIIS the IIrst under the new order of things brought about by the revolution. He was born in Augusta county, Va. , Aug. 27, 1749, the son of John Madison, clerk of Augusta county,

and a supposed descendant of John Madison. a common ances­tor of Jllmes Madison. president of the United States. He went first to lin aClldemy in Maryland, thence in 1768 to William and Mllry college, where on July 29, 1772. he recei veo the gold medal awarded as a prize by Lord Bote­tourt for clas.~ical learning. He was writing master at the college until Mllr' 1773, when he was appointet profe>;S()r of nlltural philosophy. He studied lllw un­der George Wythe, but aband­oned the profe ... ~i()u after II Riu­gle case, and airled by £50 from the hoard of visitors. visited Enp­land in 1775,IInd took orders. In November, 1775, he agllin at­tended as professor of nllturnl

philosophy at the colle~e. IIml iu October. 1777. he was president of the in~titution, being then only twenty-eight years of age. !Ir. Mlldison supportell with grellt zeal the caulle of the revolution, Rnd in conjunction with Th()mll~ .Jefferson. a member of the col\ege visitors. procured au entire reform of the COIlr!le pursued lit Willillm and Mary college. l'nder their auspices the elect.ive system of stn(}y was in­troduced, and by the creaf.ion of the chllirs of medi­cine anll law the college WIIS made a university. Dr. James MeClurg was called to the former, George Wythe to the llltter. and George Washington was elected chllncellor. Th us the college becllme the fir!lt in America to practice the elective sYlItem aud to support a chair for the lItudy of lIluuiciplIl law. :Mlldison. lifter pellce WIIS dec1nn'd with Grent Brit­ain, WIIS made first bishop of the EpiscoplIl church of Virginia, and probably t.his fllct contributed to the distrust with which the colle)!e contiuued to be trellted by the people. The Episcopal church in­herited in a grellt degree the odium of the old estllb­lishment, lind the coll(·ge suffered from the~ preju­dices. though there WIlS 110 longer any legal connection between church and college. Added to thill. us another causc of deJlres.~ion. was the fact that all the old laws of the legislnture affording revenue to the institution were repealed. The college was left to its unaided resources, which, outside of the fees of the students whose number was small, cousisted of the crown lands, without much value at the time.

Bishop Madison gave the labors of a life to the col­lege. He was married iu 1779 to Sarah Tate of Williamsburg, a granddaughter of William Cocke, secretary of the colony. She died Aug. 20, 1815, leaving one son, John Catesby Madison, and one daughter who marlied Hobert G. Scott, a dis­tinguislwd lawyer of Virginia. A brother of Bishop Madison, George Madison, became governor of Ken­tucky. Bishop Madil!on died March 6, 1812. His remllius lie interred iu the chapel of the College of William and ltlary.

BRACXBJf, .John, ninth president of William and Mary college. was II clergyman who appears as master of the gmmmar school in November, 1775. He retained tile position until tile grammar seilool WIIS substituted ill December. 1779, by a school of modem langlUlgcs of which Charle-ll Bellini W8S ap­pointed professor. At the Episeoplll convention ID Itlay, 1786, held in Hichmond. Bracken received ten votes for bishop. He was for many years pastor of Bruton parish church in Williamsburg. At a meet­ing held July 20, 1700, by the directors of the hospital for the maintenance and cure of persons of unsound minds in Williamsburg (the oldest illSl\ne asylum in the l'nited States. established 1768). Dr. Bmc- / ken was made president to ~dlU'l""~ ~~~ succeed James Mlldison, who was then in England seeking consecration as bisbop. In 1792 he became professor of .. hu­manity" in William and Mary col\ege; on Ma(li­son's death in 1812 became president, and in 1814 was elected bisilop of the EpiseoJlal church, an office, however, which he declined the following year, probably on account of failing health. He died July 15, 1818.

SMITH, John Augu8tine, tenth pre<lideut of William and Mary college, was born in W e;t more­land connty, Va .• All~. 29. 1782, son of Hev. Thom88 Smith of Copel Pansb iu that county. He \\'88 gradulltedfrom Willillm and Mary college iu 1800, studied medicine aDd settled as a physiciau in New York city. In 1809 he became lecturer ou AualOml at the College of physicians and surgeons. and e<h­tor of the ." Medical and Physiological Journal." In 1814 he was elected president of William and Mllry college. The faculty then consisted of Dr. J. Au­gustine Smith, president; Wil­liam Nelson, professor of law lind police; Dr. T. Jones, pro­fes.~or of chemistry and nat­uml philo~ophy, and Ferdi­nllnd S. Cllmpbell, professor of mllthcmntics. Dr. Smith wall the first luymlln to hold the presidency, and in 1824 he deemed it uece..qsllry to re­move the college to Hichmoud as the best mellnA to rid the collel!e of its ancient popular dislL(l vllntil I!('S and enable it to make a new shrt. But iu this Dr. Smith incurred the oppo- '.' . I • sit ion of John Tyler, on the J. 1.1 /7 '4 ",. bOllrd of visitors. who voiced ,tlu/· '/1h .. UiI' Vl4# the local fceling. Ilnd Thomas Jefferson, who was then busy with the scheme of founding the university Ilt Charlottesville, feared the effect of the removlLI \I pon the liberality of the legis­lllture to which he was then appealin ... for pe<'uniarv aid in favor of his pet enterprise. The uuited op. po!!ition defeated Smith's measure, and in 1825 he re.~igned. He resumed practice in New York city, and from 1~31 to 1848 was pre.qident of the College of physicians and surgeons. He publillhed numer­ous addresses, lectures, and essays including, .. In·

THE NATIONAL CYCLOP..EDIA

sulting surgeon to tbe Woman's, French, Presby­terian, Cancer, and other hospitals. He is also honorary member of the Gynecolo!,rical and Obstetri­cal societies, of London, Edinburgh, Berlin, and many other of the European cities.

ABRAHAMS, Woodward, business man, was born in Cecil county, lId., Oct. 2, 1814, being the fourth of the family in this country to besr the name. His uncle, William Abrahams, was one of

the defenders of the three - gun battery, on the Patapsco river, during tbe war of 1812. His fa· ther, Woodward Abrahams, WIl8 a sea captain who settled upon a farm bordcring the Susquebanna, after several yeal"!! of sea.faring. Woodward Abrahams, Jr., spent bis early days upon the farm and then learn<.'<i tbe printer's trade, becoming interested in a printing establishment in Petersburg, Va. He was for a time one of the pub­lishers of two Baltimore journals, the "Eastern Express" and the " Kaleidoscope," but of late years he bas devot<.'<i himself princi­pally to the management of an extensive ice business. He is in-terested in charitable works and

is a patron of the tine arts, his own art collection being one of the best known in Baltimore. He blUl in preparation a history of Freemasonry.

SMITH, Charles Henrr. (" Bill Arp "), humor­ist, was born at Lawrenceville, Ga., June 15, 1826, of Scotch-Irish parents. He began to acquire an education at a manual-labor school, attended Frank­lin college, Athens, now the University of Georgia, studied low for two monthR, and WIl8 admitted to the bar. He removed, in 1850, to Rome, Ga., where he was associated with Judge J. W. H. Underwood, in the practice of law, until the breakin.11: out of the war. He was a member of the military family of Gen. G. T. Anderson (00 Old Tige "), for two yeal'll, after which he was 8.'I8igned by Mr. Davis to judi­cial duty with ,Judge Eugenius A. Ni~bet of Macon,

a ~uty which he faithfully per­formed IIntil the federal Gen. Wilson dissolved the court. Mr. Smith beglln to write humorous letters in 1861, to amuse the sol­diel'll, and they were decidedly popUlar, but it WIl8 not, until after the war that his talent fully dis­played itSl,lf. The people of the South were undone, but with characteristic American spirit tbey were inclined to take a chel'rful view of event!!, and so .. Bill Arp" became their mouth­pit·ee. With a smile he nipped up shams,and he wrote the truth with a hand so fI rill and a tOllch so light thllt be turned tbe thoughts or the people from their indh'id­

ual misfortuncs. Perhaps no Iluthor has ever more thoroughly represented tbe people be wrote for, or hR.'! eyer had a more sympathetic audience. Two volumes of his lettel'll were published. hoth of which were very popular. Of Illte years he hlUl written a weekly letter for the" Atlanta Constitution." The humor in the "Bill Arp" letters bas been called lJOmely. It is that and ROmething more. It is rich and mellow. It embodies a detlnite knowledge of human nature, and blUl the touch which" m"kes the whole world kin." If the author of the" Bill Arp"

letters had been possessed of a desire to engage in creative works, his success would have been instan­taneous. He has everything but tbe incentive. In 1877 he retired from tbe practice of law, and became a fonner, working with his boys until thel grew up and married, or left the farm for more inViting occu­pations. His hOllie is in the village of Cartersville. He has had ten children. .. The crop is laid by," as. be says, but be has had grandchildren around bim of late years. He has bad success lUI a lecturer. His latest volume is entitled .. The Farm and the Fireside."

WYTHE, George, signer of tbe declaration of independence, was born near Hampton, Elizabeth City, Va., in 1726. He learned little at school, but. WIUI well taught by his motber. Orphaned and wealthy before be came of age, be gave way to the temptlltions of youth, bu~ at t birt,Y suddenly changed his way of life, and from that time maintained the bigbest chaNcter. He was admiUed to the barin 1757, where he soon gained a high position. From 1758 he was a member oftbe house of burgesses, and in N ovem­ber, 1764, was one of a committee to draw upa petition to George III. and remonstrances to the two houses of parliament with reference to the threatened j;tam'P act. Wythe prepared the paper intended for the commons in so plain and strong a manner tbat it re­quired much toning down before it could be adopted and used. As w"r approached, he was among the foremost to rouse a spirit of re­sistance, joining, for a time, a body of volunteers. But his ser­vices were more needed in the council than in the field, "nd in August, 1775, be WIl8 sent to the Continental congress, wbere be sat for two years. Hcre be broke with the crown as well as with parliament in February, 1776, and 10 July was prompt to sign the declaration of independence. In November, 1776, he was appoint­ed, with Jefferson, Pendleton, and two others who did not act, to re­vise the Virginia laws, in view of the cbange from a colony to a state. In June, 1779, tbis committee re­ported 126 bills. In 1777 he WIUI made speaker of the house of dele­gates and" judge of the court of cbancery. From 1776 to 1789 he held the chair of law at tbe College of William "nd Mary. When bis c.oUrt "'as reor­ganized in 1786, he became the sole chancellor of the state. He WIUI a member of the conyention which framed the federal constitution in 1787, and the next year of the Virginia convention, whicb ratified iL He was the 1irst jud~ to decide, against much pop­ular clamor, that Bntish claims for debts contracted by Americans before tbe war were recoverable, dis­plaJ.ing in this action" scnlpulous impartialityaud Ii gilt justice." He received the dl'gree of LL. D . from W1lliam and Mary in 1790. His" DecLc;ions or

appeared in 1795, the second edition of wbich, pub­lished in 1852, has a memoir of him by B. B. Minor. He Willi much belO\'ed by his IRW pupil!\, among whom were two prl'sidents and Chief Justice llar­shall; Henry Clav. for four years clerk of hi~ cOlin. was also indebt<.>d to him for many kindn~. He was quick to note "the latent powers of great men. and help them to great eareers;" his btonE'volence. sweetness of temper, Rnd simplicity of character, were as notable as bis rigid integrity, legal leaminp:. Rnd proved ability. In biter life he freed his slaves and provided for tbem. Jelferson, bis pupil and friend, began a sketch of Judge Wythe, which was used in SaDlierson~s .. Biography of the Signers.·· His powers "'ere unimpaired, and he was still chan-

.'

OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 309

cellor when he died by polson at Richmond June 8, 1806. A nephew was tried for the murder and a~~ted.

NNING, John Alexander, manufacturer, was born in Troy, N. Y., Aug. 8, 11:!38. His father, William H., was about the first manufacturer of paper from manilla rope, the strongest paper made. The early education of the 80n was received in the Troy academy, but at the age of seventeen he was obliged to leave his school studies, and aid his father

in the management of his rapidly growing business. At the time of his father's dcath in 1855, he had but one moderote-sized mill, but under the wise foresight and driving energy of the son, two other mills were built. Mr. Mau· ning has been for many years the largest manufacturer of rope manilla paper in the world, ship. ments being constantly made to all parts of the globe. He was the first to make a satisfactory paper for fiour sacks, now so universally used throu~hout the United Stlltes. In additlon to the management of his immense man· ufacturing interests, Mr. Manning is director of the Troy city bank, trustee of the Troy club, trustee of Troy Savings bank, president

of the Star knitting mills of Cohoes, and treasurer Bnd manager of the Adirondack pulp company of Gouverneur, N. Y. He married, in 1861, Mary B. Warren, daughter of George B. Warren of Troy, N. Y.

FARMER, Aaron D., type-founder, was born at Bolton, Tolland county, COlin., (In Jan. 18, 1816. His education, being thut of his time and locality, was limited. When only fourteen yeurs of age be went to New York in scllrch of employment, and with rore good fortnne, found his wuy to the type.foundry of Elihu White, '\vbich had been C8.

tablislwd in 1810 at the c(lrner of Lombard aud Thames >ltrects. He entered there as an apprentice in 1830, aud proved himsclf 80 efficient and industrious that his employer gradually promoted him, finally making him manager of the mallufacturing depart·

ment. ~(r. Whit~ was ,,"cceeded by the finn of Charles T. White & Co., lind this house in turn (18;;7) by Farmer, Little &; Co., which soon emploYL'(1 from 200 to 275 men. From the dnv wh{'n ~Ir. Fnrmer becnme mllnnger of Mr. White's JIIunufactllrilig de· purtment, he hIlS h';ven his spe· cial attention to thllt importnnt hranch of thc busines.~, and IllUUV wonderful Illcchnnicul pro(!cssCs lJave !Je{'n developt'<i under his eye alld hlllld. All the "mi{'­lies of plnin allci oTllnnl{'ntal type, borden;, ornaments, rules and dn~hes, and nil the t-"PI'. castiug muchiues, st{,c1 punches,

matrices, and other appointmeuts of a thoroughly !l9uipped type· foundry hnve been produc(.'(1 lIIider hiS skilled direction. For more thou balf a ceutury he has labored in this department with the Sllllle np­plication which he would exact of nil emplo~'ee. Mr. Farmer was married to Sarah BUTlls, of New York city, bv whom he has hUll two duughters and one son. 'rhe latter, William W. Farmer. lU\vill~ been brought up in his futhcl"S foundry. hns thOl'iinghly acqll3iuted himself wit.h the vnrious detllils of the butiness, in which he is now p"rtnel'. lIIr, Auron

Farmer bas been a steady Rdherent of tbe republl· can party from its foundation, but bas never been an active politician or an aspirant for offiee. The firm name of Furmer, Little &; Co., is familiar to thousands of newspapers in all sections oCthe country.

CARROLL, Howard journalist and author, was born in Albanv, N. Y., in 1854. His father, Gen. Carroll, a guflant and culturt-'<i young Irish· mlln, who earlr gained distinction as one of the ablest civil engmeel's in the country, "'as killed while leading a charge at the battle of Antietam, In the civil war. The boy thus early left an OrplUlD was edueated In the old Henry street ~mlllmar school, New York city, and subsequently III Hanover, Ger· many, and Geneva, Switerlnnd. Heturning to New York when ninet~n yeurs of age, be fouud emllIoy· ment as a subord\llate reporter on the New York " Times," but rapidly developed 80 marked a talent for journalism that he wns quickly promotell fWIlI one position to another, until he became the princi. pul political aud tnlY(·ling correspondent of that journal. It is notable that when he was only twenty· three yellrs of age, he was the special W IIShlngton correspondent of the" Times, ,. and enjoyed the con· fidence of such men as President .Grant, James G. Blaine, Roscoe Conkling, Simon Cameron, Chester A. Arthur and James A. Garfield. He wrote over his own signature, .. H. C., .. and his letters, espe· ciallf thOlKl from Washln~\'ton, the I:louth Rnd 'Vest, and from different parts of Europe, at· tracted wide attention. His work in Charleston, S. C., and Memphis, Tenn., and In tbe llississippl citie.~, during the yellow fever epidemic, WI\8 fear· less and effective, and during the race-troubles in the cotton stlltes, which he hIlS since char· acterized 8.'! .. the war of 1876," }lr. Curroll gained a national reputation because of his un· tiring advocncy of Gov. Pack· ani of LouiSIana, allli Gov. Chamberluin of South Cnrolin8. His writings at this time were particularly intluential becuuse of the fnet thllt he wns jll~t 8.'! outspoken in his Ilcnuncilltioli of repllblicnn corruption lIS he wns of democratic outrage nnd munlcr for politieal ef· fect. During thc administrntion of President Arthur, :Mr. Cnrroll, who was his close personul friend, WIiS offered thc position of privute secretnry. nnd also thnt of minister to Beldllm, but he declined them both. In the memomble'-Folgcr-Clevelllnd campaign in ~ew York stllte, Mr. Cnrroll wus ·nominlllt'(\ for congresslllnn.ut·large on the republican tieket u)!uinst Gen. Slocum, dcmocrot, and hc mn nearly l:lO,OOO votes ahead of his ticket, although he WIIS of conrse defcllletl with the rest of the repUblican cnJl(lidlltes of thllt \"e~lr. :Mr. Carroll is the IIl1thorof two hooks, .. A )[i';"issippi Incident" lind" Twelve Ameriellns." He hns 111>«1 written n numher of plllYS, one of which, "The Amerieun Ct}lIntes.~," hns been prrKlllced in all the huge cities of the cOllnlry with much 8UCCes.~. In recent yenrs he hns en~agcd extensivcly in busi· ness, being thc mUlluging diret·tor of. thc S';Ilrin transportnt ion compnny, as w{'11 as dIrector III a. number of other IlIr~e enterprises. He is lliso president of the New York riding club. WIIS one of the founders of the New York press club, and is a member of VllriOUS social and polit.icnl orL'8nizations in New York dty. His jOllrnalistic tmining has greatly benefited bim in his busi· Dess career.

Williams, Samuel, astronomer, I. 257. Williams, Samuel P., cler;;yman, I. 190. Williams, Samuel Wells, sinolo;;ue, I. 422. Williams, Solomon, cler~yman, I. 207. Williams, Stephen, cler~yman. I. 189. Williams, Stephen Welt, physician. I. 182. Williams, Thomas, sur),:" .. n. I. 180. Williams, Thomas, author, I. 183. Williams, Thomas, soldi,'r. I. 190. Williamson, Hugh, stA.t~mA.n, II. 492. Williamson, Walter, physkilln, III. 478. Willill, Bathaniel P., po,·t. III. 108. Willillton, Payson, A.uthor. II. 330. Willi.ton, 8amuel, philA.nthropist. II. 330. Willits, Ed .. a. ... ~i"tant ""crctary, II. 269. Wilmer, Richard H., P. E. bishop. III. 466. Wilmer, William H., educator. III. 236. Wilmot, David, Renator. III. 419. Wilmot PrOViso, II. 76, Hamlin, H. Wilson, Bird, juri,,!., II. 330. Wilson, Ephraim King, senator, I. 296. Wilson, Francil, A.ctor. II. 184. Wilson, George, Re'· .... ta ... I·. I. 601. Wilson, .James, justice, I. 22. WilBon, .Jamel F., senator. I. 289. Wilson, .James H., ""h1'l'r. II. 431. Wilson, Robert Burns, po<'t. I. 371. Willon, S. B., eollege presid"nt, II. 26. Wilson, Thomaa, lawyer, I. 271. Winans, Edwin B., govcrnor, II. 462. Winanll, T. DeKay, enginecr and inventor,

1.239. Winanl, William, clergyman. I. 179. Winchell, Alverd E., phy.ician, II. 246. Windom, William, secrctary of treasury,

I. 148. Windrim, .James H., architect. III. 422. Winebrenner, .John, clergyman. I. 180. Winebrennerians, Thc, I. 180, Winebrenner ~ ,

Wines, Enooh Cobb, penologist., I. 180. Wingate, Uranu Owen Braokett, physi·

ciano I. 132. Wingfield, .J. H. D., P. E. bishop, III. 468. Winn, Thomas E., congrcssman. II. 619. Winner, SeptimuI, composer. I. 310. Winship, Albert E., cd,tor, II. 120. Winship, George, mllnnfal'lurer. I. 268. Winslow, Edward, loyalIst, I. 188. Winslow, Edward, governor. I. 200. Winslow, Edward, governor, I. 247. Winslow, Gordon, clergyman. I. 272. Winslow, Hubbard, clergyman. I. 178. Winllow, .James, banker, I. 238. Winslow, .John, colonilll omc,·r. I. 182. Winslow, .John, sohlil'r. I. 272. Winslow, .John A., rl'ar·admirlli. II. 102. Winllow, Kate Reignoldl, actre ... ~. I. 181. Winslow, 1Irliron, missiona .. y, I. 183. Winsor, .J., librarian and author. I. 150. Winters, .Joseph E., physician, II. 601. Winthrop, T., author and soldier, I. 130. Wise, .John, aPronaut. I. 178. Wile, .John, clergyman, I. 177. Wilner, Benjamin B., clergyman, I. 179. Wistar, Caapar, physician. I. 273. Withers, Frederick C., architect, II. 166. Wixom, Emma, singer, I. 183. Wixom, Isaac, surgeon, I. 188.

INDEX.

Wolcott, Oliver, II('c .... tary. II. 4. Wolf, George, governor. II. 288. Wolfe, Charles 8., lawyer. II. 188. Wolfe, .Jamea, 17:!i, I. 102. Wolle, F., botllnist and inn'ntor, I. 820. Wolle, Peter, bishop. I. 416. Wolle, 8ylvester, "duc'~t"'·. II. 183. Wollenhaupt, Hermann A., pil,nist. I. 471. \Vomcn"K Chl'lMtian Temperance Union, I.

376, Wilard, F. E. WOIUt-"'II'M Rig-hls. women eligible to office, I.

38, Brewer, D • .J. Wood, Alva, educator, II. 50. Wood, Benjamin, busin""" mlln. I. 362. Wood, Charlel S., physician. I. 363. Wood, Daniel P., lawyer, II. 248. Wood, Fernando, politichLll. III. 388. Wood, Geerge Bacon, physician. I. 458. Wood, .Jamel, collel;<' p .... sident. II. 124. Wood, Xarquis L., edul'ator, III. 447. Wood, ReUbeD, ;;o\"('rnor, III. 140. Wood, Thomas W., artist, III. 346. Wood, William B., ador. I. 322. Woodburn, William, legislator. I. 324. Woodbury, Daniel P., engmecr. I. 470. Woodbury, George Edward, author. I. 434. Woodbury, lIaao B., compoRer. II. 60. Woodbury, LeVi, JUstICe. II. 471. Woodford, Stewart Lyndon, lawyer. I. 632. Woods, Leonard, eoll,'~e prcs .. I. 418. Woods, Leonard, theolo~ian. II. 346. Woods, William B., justac", II. 476. Woodward, Franklin G., educator. I. 421. Woodworth, Samuel, poet, I. 434. Woolf, Benjamin E., composer, 1. 411. Woolman, .John, cl'·'·g-.I·man. I. 288. Woolsey, Theodore D., eolleg"l' pres., I. 170;

HnHt hy Sl. OmltlellH. I. 472. Woolson, Conltance F., author. I. 369. Wooster, David, rc\·. sold;er. I. 82. Worc8lter, E. D., railroad ofllcer.IlI. 214. Worcester, Boah, physician. I. 188. Worcester, Boah, dergyman. I. 185. Worcester, Samuel, clerg"yman. I. 178. Worcester, Samuel A., m,ssionary I. 271. Worc88ter, Thomas, clergyman. I. 277. Worcelter, Thomas, clergyman. I. 203. Work, Henry Clay, composer, I. 182. Worthington, T., governor, III. 138. Wright, Benjamin, pionee,·. I. 182. Wright, Benjamin, I'ngineer. I. 239. Wright, Benjamin Hall, engln ... ·r. I. 180. Wright, C., 1Il,·taphysician. I. 420. Wright, Elizur, reform .. r, 11. 317. Wright, Fanny, reformer. II. 319. Wright, George Lathrop, III. 288. Wright, Henry Clarke, "'forlllc,", II. 344. Wright, Marie R., jOllrnlllist. II. 231. Wright, Robert .J., lIlen·hllnt. II. 191. Wright, Silas, g"ov"rnor. III. 47; III. 388. Wright, 8ir .James, Bart., govern",'. I. 491. Writ.. of a .... ; .. iHt a nl'(O abandoned. I. 17, Otis,.J. Wyckoff, William 0., ""<'sident, Ill. 319. Wylie, .Jamel R., III. 148. Wylie, S. B., coll .. gc vice·provost. I. 348. Wylie, W. G., physician and Burgeon, I,

471. Wyman, .Jeft'ries, anatomist. II. 2~4. Wyoming, Mo.ssacre of. I. 62, Butler, Z.

523

Wynns, Thomaa, soldier. II. 179. W)'the, George, patriot, III. 308.

y

Yacht races for the Amcrica's cuP. I. 447, SchuylePj G. L.; I. 449, Burge .. , E.

Yale, Elihu, 1;lItl"On Yale ColI"g"e. I. 163. Yall' UllIn,rs,ty. IIIl1s .. fOllndntulIl. I. 181,

Davenport, .J.; establiNhment at Sayhrook, I. 182, Pierpont, .J.; .... moved to New Han·n. I. 183, Saltonstall, G.; Damed, I. 163, Yale, E. Rectors and Presidents: Andrew, S., .econd. I. 164. Clapp, T., lirth. I. 186. Cutler, T., third. I. 186. Dagett, B., sixth, I. 188. Day, .J., ninth. I. 189. Dwight, T., e'ghth. I. 188. Dwight, T., twelrth, I. 173. Pierlon, A., "rst. I. 164. Porter, B., elevcnth, I. 171. Stilel, E., ""vcnth. I. 187. Williaml, E., fourth, I. 186. Woolsey, T. D., tenth. I. 170. Patron. Yale, E., I. 183. Eminpnt profPSllOrs. Bacon, L., I. 178. Hadley, .J., I. 1711.

Yank,·e. pen·name. 1. 401, Hill, G. H. Yardley, Robert II., law>'er, I. 412. Yates, .Joseph C., governor. III. 46. Yatel, William, educat",·. III. 233. Yazoo. Frank. I. 220, .Jacklon, .J. York, Brantley, educator. III. 446. YOlt, Geo. W. H., inventor, III. 317. Youmans, Edward L., Hcientist. II. 466. Youmans, William .Jay, editor. II. 466. Young, Alfred, l·l"rgym!ln. II. 266. YOUDff, Andrew Harvey, chemist, 11. 397. Young, Edward, poet. II. 359. Young, Edward F. C., bankcr. II. 118. Young, Hiram, ed,tor, III. 327. Young, .John, g-overnor. III. 48. Young, .John RUllell, jour,,,,li"t, II. 214. Young, II., Harry de, Journalist, I. 289. Young, Pierce II. B., congrcs~lllan, II.

382. Young-. Samuel L .• I. 30, Waite, X. K. Young, T., shipmastcr. I. 266. Young, Thomas L., governor, Ill. 143.

z

Zadkin, Daniel, colonist. II. 68. Zavala, Lorenzo de, patriot. II. 247. Zeilberger, David, lIlisslonary. II. 249. Z,·nger. J. P .• III. 376, 1I00ney. W. Zeuner, Charlel, COlllp0",-·r. I. 327. Zerrahn, Charles, musician. I. 327. Ziegenfu .. , Henry L., cl,·r;,\'lIIan. I. 198. Ziegenfu .. , S. A., clerg-yman. III. 427. Zinzendorf, H. L. C. V., Moravian. II.

170. Z,ska. pen·naml', I. 280, Cummings, A • .J. Zundel, .John, org-alllst, I. 186.