The National Climate Change Response Green Paper A general presentation on the Draft Green Paper and the development of South Africa’s National Climate

The National Climate The National Climate Change Response Green Change Response Green

PaperPaper

A general presentation on the A general presentation on the Draft Green Paper and the Draft Green Paper and the

development of South Africa’s development of South Africa’s National Climate Change National Climate Change

Response PolicyResponse Policy

Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview

►Summary of the policy development Summary of the policy development process to date.process to date.

►Proposed policy finalisation process.Proposed policy finalisation process.►The Green PaperThe Green Paper

StructureStructure ContentContent DebatesDebates

The policy development process The policy development process to dateto date

► The 2004 National Climate Change StrategyThe 2004 National Climate Change Strategy► The 2005 Climate Change Conference.The 2005 Climate Change Conference.► The October 2007 draft LTMS findings.The October 2007 draft LTMS findings.► The July 2008 Cabinet policy directions.The July 2008 Cabinet policy directions.► The March 2009 Climate Change Policy Summit.The March 2009 Climate Change Policy Summit.► The December 2009 UNFCCC COP 15, Copenhagen.The December 2009 UNFCCC COP 15, Copenhagen.► The May 2010 Policy Development Round Table.The May 2010 Policy Development Round Table.► Draft Green Paper published in November 2010Draft Green Paper published in November 2010► Provincial workshops concluded 4 February 2011 Provincial workshops concluded 4 February 2011

Summary of progress against Summary of progress against the approved implementation the approved implementation

planplanEvent / Activity / Milestone Timing Progress

Initiate policy development process based on Cabinet directions July-August 2008 Complete

Prepare for Climate Change Policy Summit, including: Complete initial 2nd National Communication work in respect to vulnerability and adaptation; Complete updated GHG inventory; Compile national climate change response database 2000 – 2008; Compile annotated policy table of contents (policy framework and structure); Finalise Summit logistics (Venue, programme, registration, etc.)

August 2008 – February 2009

Complete

National Climate Change Response Policy Development Summit resulting in the following outcomes: Agree annotated policy table of contents; Agree roles and responsibilities in respect to the development of the sectoral policy components; Agree detailed policy development timelines and milestones; Agree basic policy directions

February 2009 Complete

Sectoral policy development work – research, stakeholder consultation, policy options, draft policy inputs

February – June 2009

Complete, but very slow

Draft zero policy compiled July 2009 Abandoned Post-2012 negotiation positions developed and approved July 2009 Complete UNFCCC post-2010 negotiations (Copenhagen COP/MOP) concluded December 2009 Complete Draft policy edited to reflect MEA commitments March 2010 Complete Green Paper published for public comment April 2010 Green Paper ready National Climate Change Response Policy published End 2010

The policy development process The policy development process going forwardgoing forward

• Further focused engagements based on the key Further focused engagements based on the key issues raised during the provincial workshopsissues raised during the provincial workshops

• Other independent engagement processes, e.g. The Other independent engagement processes, e.g. The Parliamentary Portfolio Committee’s Public hearings, Parliamentary Portfolio Committee’s Public hearings, the IRP engagements, the Treasury work on the IRP engagements, the Treasury work on economic instruments, etc.economic instruments, etc.

• Comment analysis and review – February/April 2011Comment analysis and review – February/April 2011

• Final national conference – 4 March 2011Final national conference – 4 March 2011

• Draft White Paper submitted to Cabinet May/June Draft White Paper submitted to Cabinet May/June 20112011

Green Paper structureGreen Paper structure

►Section 1 – IntroductionSection 1 – Introduction: A 1-2 page : A 1-2 page encapsulation of the core climate encapsulation of the core climate change issues and, through this, the change issues and, through this, the justification for a national policyjustification for a national policy

►Section 2 – The ObjectiveSection 2 – The Objective: A : A succinct, clear and unambiguous succinct, clear and unambiguous description of the objective (desired description of the objective (desired outcome) of South Africa’s climate outcome) of South Africa’s climate change responsechange response

Green Paper structure (Cont.)Green Paper structure (Cont.)

►Section 3 – PrinciplesSection 3 – Principles: A concise list : A concise list of the key principles guiding the of the key principles guiding the proposed responses to climate change proposed responses to climate change (e.g. precautionary principle)(e.g. precautionary principle)

►Section 4 – Strategy: Section 4 – Strategy: A list of key A list of key strategies to be employed to meet the strategies to be employed to meet the objective (e.g. use of economic objective (e.g. use of economic instruments)instruments)


► Section 5 - Policy Approaches and Section 5 - Policy Approaches and ActionsActions: This is the meat of the policy : This is the meat of the policy which is divided into key impacted and/or which is divided into key impacted and/or affected (economic) sectors The sectors are affected (economic) sectors The sectors are specifically chosen so as specifically chosen so as notnot to align with to align with national department portfolios.national department portfolios.

► Section 6 - Section 6 - Roles and ResponsibilitiesRoles and Responsibilities GovernmentGovernment Social Partners (Industry and Business; Social Partners (Industry and Business;

Organized Labour and Civil Society)Organized Labour and Civil Society)


►Section 7 - Institutional Framework Section 7 - Institutional Framework for Coordinationfor Coordination The Inter-Ministerial Committee on Climate The Inter-Ministerial Committee on Climate

ChangeChange FOSAD Clusters and Outcomes Based FOSAD Clusters and Outcomes Based

MonitoringMonitoring Intergovernmental Committee on Climate Intergovernmental Committee on Climate

Change (IGCCC)Change (IGCCC) Provincial and Local Government cooperationProvincial and Local Government cooperation

Partnering with StakeholdersPartnering with Stakeholders


► Section 8 - Inputs and Resources Section 8 - Inputs and Resources MobilisationMobilisation Financial ResourcesFinancial Resources Human ResourcesHuman Resources Technological ResourcesTechnological Resources InformationInformation

► The National Greenhouse Gas InventoryThe National Greenhouse Gas Inventory► Observed climate changeObserved climate change► Medium- and long-term modelling and down-scaled risk Medium- and long-term modelling and down-scaled risk

assessmentsassessments► Response MonitoringResponse Monitoring► Early Warning InformationEarly Warning Information► Information and Communication technologyInformation and Communication technology


►Section 9 - Monitoring, Evaluation Section 9 - Monitoring, Evaluation and Reviewand Review Monitoring, verifying and Reporting Monitoring, verifying and Reporting

Climate ChangesClimate Changes Monitoring, verifying and Reporting Monitoring, verifying and Reporting

Overall Mitigation EffortsOverall Mitigation Efforts

Green Paper structure (Cont.) – Green Paper structure (Cont.) – Unpacking Unpacking Section 5 - Policy Approaches and Section 5 - Policy Approaches and

ActionsActions

► Sectors – Sectors – Key Adaptation Sectors – Key Adaptation Sectors –

► WaterWater► AgricultureAgriculture► Human HealthHuman Health

Key Mitigation Sectors – Key Mitigation Sectors – ► EnergyEnergy► Industry (Commerce and Industry (Commerce and

Manufacturing, Mining and Manufacturing, Mining and Mineral Resources, Tourism)Mineral Resources, Tourism)

► TransportTransport Disaster ManagementDisaster Management Natural Resources Sectors Natural Resources Sectors

– – ► Terrestrial BiodiversityTerrestrial Biodiversity

► Sectors (Cont.) – Sectors (Cont.) – ► Marine BiodiversityMarine Biodiversity► Commercial ForestryCommercial Forestry► FisheriesFisheries

Human Society, Human Society, Livelihoods and Livelihoods and ServicesServices

► Human Settlements, Human Settlements, Infrastructure and the Infrastructure and the Built Environment Built Environment (Urban areas, Rural (Urban areas, Rural Areas and Coastal Areas and Coastal Areas)Areas)

► WasteWaste

Green Paper structure (Cont.) – Green Paper structure (Cont.) – Unpacking Unpacking Section 5 - Policy Approaches and Section 5 - Policy Approaches and

ActionsActions►For each sector there is: For each sector there is:

A brief (5 line) introductory paragraph describing A brief (5 line) introductory paragraph describing the sector’s climate change relevance; the sector’s climate change relevance;

A few concise bullet points on the sector’s impact A few concise bullet points on the sector’s impact on CC (mitigation) and/or CC’s impact on the on CC (mitigation) and/or CC’s impact on the sector (adaptation) and/or broader socio-economic sector (adaptation) and/or broader socio-economic / socio-political CC implications for the sector / socio-political CC implications for the sector including opportunities; including opportunities;

Text along the lines of “In response to these Text along the lines of “In response to these climate change challenges for the sector, South climate change challenges for the sector, South Africa will…”; Africa will…”;

A numbered list of key interventions, i.e. dense, A numbered list of key interventions, i.e. dense, concise descriptions of what we will do as a nation concise descriptions of what we will do as a nation in meeting “the objective”.in meeting “the objective”.

Green Paper contentGreen Paper contentKey Adaptation Sector - WaterKey Adaptation Sector - Water

► good water management systems and institutionsgood water management systems and institutions► accountable catchment management agencies that:accountable catchment management agencies that:

promote equitable and sustainable use of available water promote equitable and sustainable use of available water resourcesresources

strengthen water resources regulationstrengthen water resources regulation monitor and respond to developments and emerging stressesmonitor and respond to developments and emerging stresses manage the recharge of aquifersmanage the recharge of aquifers

► Invest in monitoring capabilitiesInvest in monitoring capabilities► Optimise the re-use of wastewaterOptimise the re-use of wastewater► Increase investments in wastewater treatment capacityIncrease investments in wastewater treatment capacity► Increase investments in maintenance and renewals to Increase investments in maintenance and renewals to

minimize system losses in infrastructure networksminimize system losses in infrastructure networks► Develop and implement a household rainwater harvesting Develop and implement a household rainwater harvesting

incentive programmeincentive programme

Green Paper contentGreen Paper contentKey Adaptation Sector – Water (Cont.)Key Adaptation Sector – Water (Cont.)

► Implement integrated water resource management including Implement integrated water resource management including protecting and restoring natural systems, increasing protecting and restoring natural systems, increasing conjunctive use of surface and ground water, and learning conjunctive use of surface and ground water, and learning through adaptive management experimentsthrough adaptive management experiments

► Explore desalination opportunities, especially those that may Explore desalination opportunities, especially those that may be powered by renewable energy resources.be powered by renewable energy resources.

► Vigorously enforce compliance with water quality standards to Vigorously enforce compliance with water quality standards to ensure that our water remains fit for use, and that clean water ensure that our water remains fit for use, and that clean water is available for blending to dilute pollutants. is available for blending to dilute pollutants.

► Develop and rollout more effective support mechanisms to Develop and rollout more effective support mechanisms to ensure that safe drinking water is available to allensure that safe drinking water is available to all

► Measurably improve the management and maintenance of Measurably improve the management and maintenance of existing systems and strengthen the foundation of existing systems and strengthen the foundation of professionalism that already exists. professionalism that already exists.

Green Paper content (Cont.)Green Paper content (Cont.)Key Adaptation Sector - AgricultureKey Adaptation Sector - Agriculture

► Assess and investigate appropriate and country specific adaptation Assess and investigate appropriate and country specific adaptation options and support efforts to exploit new agricultural potential and options and support efforts to exploit new agricultural potential and opportunities (new areas, new crops, etc.) and reduce the impacts opportunities (new areas, new crops, etc.) and reduce the impacts on existing potential (crop switches, etc.).on existing potential (crop switches, etc.).

► Invest and improve on its research capabilities in relation to Invest and improve on its research capabilities in relation to investigating and implementing water and nutrient conservation investigating and implementing water and nutrient conservation technologies, developing climate resistant crop varieties (crop technologies, developing climate resistant crop varieties (crop diversification) and creating a suitable database on greenhouse diversification) and creating a suitable database on greenhouse gases emissions that is specific to the agricultural sector and in line gases emissions that is specific to the agricultural sector and in line with the National Atmospheric Emission Inventory.with the National Atmospheric Emission Inventory.

► Investigate short, medium and long term adaptation scenarios for Investigate short, medium and long term adaptation scenarios for the agriculture sector - supporting conservation agriculture, the agriculture sector - supporting conservation agriculture, promoting the practise of conservation tillage, and initiating promoting the practise of conservation tillage, and initiating country wide organic farming pilot projects.country wide organic farming pilot projects.

► Use early warning systems to assist with timely early warnings of Use early warning systems to assist with timely early warnings of adverse weather and the possibility of related pest and disease adverse weather and the possibility of related pest and disease occurrenceoccurrence

► Invest in education and awareness programmes in rural areas and Invest in education and awareness programmes in rural areas and link these to agricultural extension activitieslink these to agricultural extension activities

Green Paper content (Cont.)Green Paper content (Cont.)Key Adaptation Sector – Human HealthKey Adaptation Sector – Human Health

► Reduce the incidence of respiratory diseases by improving air Reduce the incidence of respiratory diseases by improving air quality through reducing ambient particulate matter (PM) and quality through reducing ambient particulate matter (PM) and sulphur dioxide (SOsulphur dioxide (SO22) concentrations by legislative and other ) concentrations by legislative and other measures to ensure full compliance with National Ambient Air measures to ensure full compliance with National Ambient Air Quality Standards by 2020. Quality Standards by 2020.

► Ensure that sound nutritional policies, health care Ensure that sound nutritional policies, health care infrastructure and education lie at the heart of all the health infrastructure and education lie at the heart of all the health adaptation strategies by acknowledging that if a population’s adaptation strategies by acknowledging that if a population’s nutritional status is robust, individuals will have greater nutritional status is robust, individuals will have greater resilience. More attention will be paid to children’s nutritional resilience. More attention will be paid to children’s nutritional status and particularly girls who will become key determinants status and particularly girls who will become key determinants of their future family nutritional profiles.of their future family nutritional profiles.

► Encourage and promote the establishment of cohesive and Encourage and promote the establishment of cohesive and mutually supportive family and community systems as an mutually supportive family and community systems as an essential element of an effective response.essential element of an effective response.

► Develop and rollout public awareness campaigns on the health Develop and rollout public awareness campaigns on the health risks of high temperatures and appropriate responses risks of high temperatures and appropriate responses including, improved ventilation and avoidance behaviour.including, improved ventilation and avoidance behaviour.

Green Paper content Green Paper content Key Adaptation Sector – Human Health (Cont.)Key Adaptation Sector – Human Health (Cont.)

► Design and implement “Heat-Health” action plans including Design and implement “Heat-Health” action plans including plans in respect of emergency medical services, improved plans in respect of emergency medical services, improved climate-sensitive disease surveillance and control, safe water climate-sensitive disease surveillance and control, safe water and improved sanitation.and improved sanitation.

► Strengthen information and knowledge of diseases-climate Strengthen information and knowledge of diseases-climate linkage. linkage.

► Strengthen water supply and sanitation programmes in order to Strengthen water supply and sanitation programmes in order to tackle water borne diseases problems.tackle water borne diseases problems.

► Develop a health data capturing system that records data both Develop a health data capturing system that records data both at spatial and temporal scales and that ensures that information at spatial and temporal scales and that ensures that information collected can be imported into multiple-risk systems such as the collected can be imported into multiple-risk systems such as the South African Risk and Vulnerability Atlas electronic spatial South African Risk and Vulnerability Atlas electronic spatial database system.database system.

► Improve the bio safety of the current malaria control strategy.Improve the bio safety of the current malaria control strategy.► Strengthen the awareness programme on Malaria and Cholera Strengthen the awareness programme on Malaria and Cholera

outbreaks.outbreaks.► Improve health infrastructure, medical and health personnel in Improve health infrastructure, medical and health personnel in

order to solve some of the water borne problems.order to solve some of the water borne problems.

Green Paper content (Cont.)Green Paper content (Cont.)Key Mitigation Sector – EnergyKey Mitigation Sector – Energy

► Integrate a climate constraint into its energy planning tools Integrate a climate constraint into its energy planning tools including the Integrated Energy Plan (IEP) and the Integrated including the Integrated Energy Plan (IEP) and the Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity Generation (IRP).Resource Plan for Electricity Generation (IRP).

► Ensure that the Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity Generation Ensure that the Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity Generation (IRP) and its future iterations are modelled so as to take account of (IRP) and its future iterations are modelled so as to take account of the peak plateau and decline trajectory described above through the the peak plateau and decline trajectory described above through the diversification of our energy mix, the implementation of far reaching diversification of our energy mix, the implementation of far reaching energy efficiency measures, investments in the development of new energy efficiency measures, investments in the development of new and cleaner technologies and industries and the initiation of the and cleaner technologies and industries and the initiation of the transition to a low-carbon economy.transition to a low-carbon economy.

► Use economic instruments to internalise the cost of carbon through Use economic instruments to internalise the cost of carbon through the introduction of a COthe introduction of a CO22 tax that will escalate over time. This should tax that will escalate over time. This should be directed at supporting the diversification of our energy mix, be directed at supporting the diversification of our energy mix, motivate the implementation of far reaching energy efficiency motivate the implementation of far reaching energy efficiency measures and investments in the development of new and cleaner measures and investments in the development of new and cleaner technologies and industries. technologies and industries.

► Establish a business environment that facilitates the development of Establish a business environment that facilitates the development of an local renewable energy technology manufacturing, an local renewable energy technology manufacturing, implementation and export industry and that maximises its job implementation and export industry and that maximises its job creation potential.creation potential.

Green Paper contentGreen Paper contentKey Mitigation Sector – Energy (Cont.)Key Mitigation Sector – Energy (Cont.)

► Design and roll out ambitious research, development and Design and roll out ambitious research, development and demonstration programmes that result in new, novel and demonstration programmes that result in new, novel and innovative approaches to the diversification of our energy innovative approaches to the diversification of our energy mix, development of alternative energy sources, energy mix, development of alternative energy sources, energy efficiency, cleaner technologies and industries, carbon efficiency, cleaner technologies and industries, carbon capture and storage and the transition to a low-carbon capture and storage and the transition to a low-carbon economy.economy.

► Identify and resolve the financial, regulatory and institutional Identify and resolve the financial, regulatory and institutional barriers that may impede the implementation of the barriers that may impede the implementation of the renewable energy feed-in tariff at a level adequate to renewable energy feed-in tariff at a level adequate to incentivise large-scale investment.incentivise large-scale investment.

► Review and scale up the 10,000 GWh 2013 Renewable Energy Review and scale up the 10,000 GWh 2013 Renewable Energy target in order that it can sustain long term growth in order to target in order that it can sustain long term growth in order to promote competitiveness for renewable energy with promote competitiveness for renewable energy with conventional energies in the medium and long term. conventional energies in the medium and long term. Consideration should be given to the feasibility of “fleet” Consideration should be given to the feasibility of “fleet” procurement of particular renewable technologies.procurement of particular renewable technologies.


► Scale-up and accelerate the implementation of the Scale-up and accelerate the implementation of the “Working for Energy” programme which seeks to develop “Working for Energy” programme which seeks to develop human capacity and labour intensive opportunities through human capacity and labour intensive opportunities through renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies as renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies as well as energy management type projects which will well as energy management type projects which will provide poverty alleviation opportunities for SMMEs, local provide poverty alleviation opportunities for SMMEs, local cooperatives and sustainable local economic development. cooperatives and sustainable local economic development.

► Explore and further develop the potential for nuclear energy Explore and further develop the potential for nuclear energy in terms of the national Nuclear Energy Policy, as a means in terms of the national Nuclear Energy Policy, as a means to both ensure energy security as well as meeting the to both ensure energy security as well as meeting the country’s climate change mitigation undertakings. To this country’s climate change mitigation undertakings. To this end, a new nuclear fuel cycle strategy should be end, a new nuclear fuel cycle strategy should be implemented that provides for skills development and implemented that provides for skills development and industrialisation and localisation opportunities with a view to industrialisation and localisation opportunities with a view to developing a nuclear power station fleet with a potential of developing a nuclear power station fleet with a potential of up to 10 GWe by 2035 with the first reactors being up to 10 GWe by 2035 with the first reactors being commissioned from 2022.commissioned from 2022.


► Develop renewable energy policy, legal and regulatory Develop renewable energy policy, legal and regulatory frameworks that allow for differentiated but specific targets, frameworks that allow for differentiated but specific targets, parameters and tariffs for all renewable energy technology parameters and tariffs for all renewable energy technology options (wind, hydro, solar PV, CSP, landfill gas, biomass and options (wind, hydro, solar PV, CSP, landfill gas, biomass and biofuels).biofuels).

► Introduce innovative approaches for the establishment of Introduce innovative approaches for the establishment of sustainable structures and financing mechanisms for delivering sustainable structures and financing mechanisms for delivering renewable energy including securing funding international renewable energy including securing funding international climate funding institution and other development finance climate funding institution and other development finance institutions that fund the renewable energy projects.institutions that fund the renewable energy projects.

► Invest in new and clean coal technologies and efficient Invest in new and clean coal technologies and efficient technologies where coal power is still built and reinforce this technologies where coal power is still built and reinforce this through introducing more stringent thermal efficiency and through introducing more stringent thermal efficiency and emissions standards for coal fired power stations. emissions standards for coal fired power stations.

► Set ambitious and mandatory targets for energy efficiency and in Set ambitious and mandatory targets for energy efficiency and in other sub-national sectors. Current energy efficiency and other sub-national sectors. Current energy efficiency and electricity demand-side management initiatives and interventions electricity demand-side management initiatives and interventions should be scaled-up, made mandatory through available should be scaled-up, made mandatory through available regulatory instruments and other appropriate mechanisms. regulatory instruments and other appropriate mechanisms.


► Improve energy efficiency knowledge and understanding in the Improve energy efficiency knowledge and understanding in the various sectors via awareness campaigns, demonstration various sectors via awareness campaigns, demonstration programmes, audits and education, and publicise corporate programmes, audits and education, and publicise corporate commitment programmes, and public building sector energy commitment programmes, and public building sector energy efficiency implementation efficiency implementation

► Develop and implement mandatory appliance labelling for Develop and implement mandatory appliance labelling for household appliances.household appliances.

► Introduce Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) for Introduce Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) for appliances and equipment, as well as proposals for mandatory appliances and equipment, as well as proposals for mandatory energy rating labelling.energy rating labelling.

► Legislate requirements for the installation of energy-management Legislate requirements for the installation of energy-management systems in large-scale office buildings, systems in large-scale office buildings,

► Replace older demand technologies or reduce their energy Replace older demand technologies or reduce their energy consumption. These technologies include energy efficient HVAC consumption. These technologies include energy efficient HVAC systems, heat pumps, variable speed drives, efficient motors and systems, heat pumps, variable speed drives, efficient motors and efficient boilers. The standards, retrofits and other management efficient boilers. The standards, retrofits and other management actions implemented to improve the energy efficiency of the actions implemented to improve the energy efficiency of the commercial sector impact on either the useful energy intensity of commercial sector impact on either the useful energy intensity of demand or the energy efficiency of the technology meeting the demand or the energy efficiency of the technology meeting the demand. demand.


► Develop, implement and maintain a greenhouse gas emissions Develop, implement and maintain a greenhouse gas emissions information management system in respect of the energy sector information management system in respect of the energy sector

► Ensure that the greenhouse gas emissions information Ensure that the greenhouse gas emissions information management system provides measurable, reportable and management system provides measurable, reportable and verifiable information on all significant interventions (i.e. verifiable information on all significant interventions (i.e. interventions that reduce greenhouse gases by greater than 0.1% interventions that reduce greenhouse gases by greater than 0.1% of emissions from the sector)of emissions from the sector)

► Develop an initiative to roll-out an Energy Management training Develop an initiative to roll-out an Energy Management training and awareness programme to be implemented within the and awareness programme to be implemented within the industry and mining sectorsindustry and mining sectors

► Promote the development and implementation of appropriate Promote the development and implementation of appropriate standards and guidelines and codes of practice for the standards and guidelines and codes of practice for the appropriate use of renewable energy, energy efficient and low appropriate use of renewable energy, energy efficient and low carbon technologiescarbon technologies

► Develop a legislative policy and regulatory framework to support Develop a legislative policy and regulatory framework to support carbon capture and storagecarbon capture and storage

► Extend research, development and demonstration efforts on new Extend research, development and demonstration efforts on new construction materials, housing design, and energy efficient construction materials, housing design, and energy efficient buildings.buildings.

Green Paper content (Cont.)Green Paper content (Cont.)Key Mitigation Sector – IndustryKey Mitigation Sector – Industry

► Commerce and ManufacturingCommerce and Manufacturing By 2012, compile and publish a climate change response By 2012, compile and publish a climate change response

action plan for the commercial and manufacturing sector action plan for the commercial and manufacturing sector that details short-, medium- and long-term response that details short-, medium- and long-term response actions and provides measurable, reportable and verifiable actions and provides measurable, reportable and verifiable outcomes for the actions with details on related outcomes for the actions with details on related responsible implementing agents, inputs and international responsible implementing agents, inputs and international support requirements, if any.support requirements, if any.

Ensure that climate change considerations are fully Ensure that climate change considerations are fully incorporated into government’s industrial policy and incorporated into government’s industrial policy and industrial development strategies and plans (e.g. the industrial development strategies and plans (e.g. the National Industrial Policy Framework and the Industrial National Industrial Policy Framework and the Industrial Policy Action Plan). Policy Action Plan).

Use Section 29(1) of the Air Quality Act, to manage GHG Use Section 29(1) of the Air Quality Act, to manage GHG emissions from all significant industrial sources (i.e. emissions from all significant industrial sources (i.e. sources responsible for >0.1% of total emissions for the sources responsible for >0.1% of total emissions for the sector) in line with approved mitigation plans prepared by sector) in line with approved mitigation plans prepared by identified industries and/or sectors.identified industries and/or sectors.

Green Paper contentGreen Paper contentKey Mitigation Sector – Industry (Cont.)Key Mitigation Sector – Industry (Cont.)

► Commerce and Manufacturing (Cont.)Commerce and Manufacturing (Cont.) Continue to develop and implement an escalating COContinue to develop and implement an escalating CO22 tax tax

on all energy related COon all energy related CO22 emissions, including process emissions, including process emissions from the coal to liquid fuel process.emissions from the coal to liquid fuel process.

Improve industrial and commercial energy efficiency as Improve industrial and commercial energy efficiency as described in the energy sectiondescribed in the energy section

Support accelerated research, development and Support accelerated research, development and implementation of carbon capture and storage applications implementation of carbon capture and storage applications for COfor CO22 rich industrial process emissions, especially those rich industrial process emissions, especially those related to the coal to liquid process.related to the coal to liquid process.

Engage vigorously in the multilateral climate change Engage vigorously in the multilateral climate change negotiations, to ensure a fair and effective outcome that is negotiations, to ensure a fair and effective outcome that is in accordance with the principles of equity and common in accordance with the principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibility, and that provides but differentiated responsibility, and that provides developing countries with sufficient time and development developing countries with sufficient time and development space for economic transition.space for economic transition.


► Mining and Mineral ResourcesMining and Mineral Resources By 2015, compile and initiate the implementation of a By 2015, compile and initiate the implementation of a

strategy and action plan to reduce fugitive emissions of strategy and action plan to reduce fugitive emissions of methane (CHmethane (CH44) by 42% from the 2000 baseline by 2025;) by 42% from the 2000 baseline by 2025;

By 2015, compile and initiate the implementation of an By 2015, compile and initiate the implementation of an action plan for the national roll out of appropriate coal-action plan for the national roll out of appropriate coal-bed gasification projects; andbed gasification projects; and

By 2012, ensure that the industrial policy action plan By 2012, ensure that the industrial policy action plan (IPAP) has fully explored how local and global climate (IPAP) has fully explored how local and global climate change responses may be fully exploited by the change responses may be fully exploited by the platinum, uranium and copper mining industries.platinum, uranium and copper mining industries.

Work with the mining industry to increase its energy Work with the mining industry to increase its energy efficiency across its production processesefficiency across its production processes


► TourismTourism Mainstream climate change in tourism planning, policy Mainstream climate change in tourism planning, policy

and developmentand development Build climate resilience and adaptive capacity of tourist Build climate resilience and adaptive capacity of tourist

attractions/destinations and encourage green tourism attractions/destinations and encourage green tourism infrastructure investmentinfrastructure investment

Promote domestic tourism in order to counteract a Promote domestic tourism in order to counteract a decline/shift in international travel that may follow the decline/shift in international travel that may follow the implementation of transport mitigation policies in other implementation of transport mitigation policies in other countries.countries.

Encourage both domestic and international visitors to Encourage both domestic and international visitors to participate in the protection and conservation of South participate in the protection and conservation of South Africa’s natural environment and to enjoy a responsible Africa’s natural environment and to enjoy a responsible travel experience.travel experience.


►Tourism (Cont.)Tourism (Cont.) Promote research, capacity building and awareness in the Promote research, capacity building and awareness in the

tourism sectortourism sector Support the establishment of energy efficiency Support the establishment of energy efficiency

programmes and the introduction of renewable energy into programmes and the introduction of renewable energy into the tourism sector.the tourism sector.

Establish programmes that will allow tourists to offset the Establish programmes that will allow tourists to offset the emissions generated through their travel to and in South emissions generated through their travel to and in South Africa.Africa.

Green Paper content (Cont.)Green Paper content (Cont.)Key Mitigation Sector – TransportKey Mitigation Sector – Transport

► Continue to put in place transport policies and developments Continue to put in place transport policies and developments that result in a modal shift in passenger transport to public that result in a modal shift in passenger transport to public and low carbon forms of transport including plans to move and low carbon forms of transport including plans to move freight from road to rail over time.freight from road to rail over time.

► Encourage the integration of land use and transportation Encourage the integration of land use and transportation planning in cities in a manner that encourages public planning in cities in a manner that encourages public transport, non-motorised transport (walking and cycling) and transport, non-motorised transport (walking and cycling) and promotes alternative communication methods such as tele-promotes alternative communication methods such as tele-commuting, in order to reduce long term transport fuel use commuting, in order to reduce long term transport fuel use patterns.patterns.

► Improve the efficiency of our vehicle fleet across the board Improve the efficiency of our vehicle fleet across the board through a range of measures including the use of fuel through a range of measures including the use of fuel standards.standards.

► Invest in the further development and deployment of cleaner Invest in the further development and deployment of cleaner technologies for the transport sector such as electric vehicles technologies for the transport sector such as electric vehicles and hybrids.and hybrids.

► Build capacity to deal with transport mitigation in the areas of Build capacity to deal with transport mitigation in the areas of planning, engineering, and relevant technical skills.planning, engineering, and relevant technical skills.

Green Paper contentGreen Paper contentKey Mitigation Sector – Transport (Cont.)Key Mitigation Sector – Transport (Cont.)

► Support the production and use of cleaner fuel technologies Support the production and use of cleaner fuel technologies and alternative fuels away from current fossil fuels.and alternative fuels away from current fossil fuels.

► Implement the flat rate specific excise tax based on Implement the flat rate specific excise tax based on passenger vehicle carbon emissions which applies to each passenger vehicle carbon emissions which applies to each gram CO2 vehicle emissions above a target range and gram CO2 vehicle emissions above a target range and investigate expanding the emissions tax to include other investigate expanding the emissions tax to include other categories of motor vehicles.categories of motor vehicles.

► Consider incentives in the form of lower fuel taxes to Consider incentives in the form of lower fuel taxes to encourage cleaner fuels, e.g. cleaner diesel fuel or fuel tax encourage cleaner fuels, e.g. cleaner diesel fuel or fuel tax concessions for biodiesel.concessions for biodiesel.

► Consider a three year accelerated depreciation allowance for Consider a three year accelerated depreciation allowance for plant, equipment and machinery used in the production of plant, equipment and machinery used in the production of biofuels (bio-ethanol and biodiesel) at the rates of 50:30:20 biofuels (bio-ethanol and biodiesel) at the rates of 50:30:20 per cent.per cent.

► Integrate climate change information into transport planning, Integrate climate change information into transport planning, in order to minimise the potential risk to infrastructure from in order to minimise the potential risk to infrastructure from extreme weather events.extreme weather events.

Green Paper content (Cont.)Green Paper content (Cont.)Disaster ManagementDisaster Management

► Continue to develop and improve its early warning systems Continue to develop and improve its early warning systems in respect of weather and climate (especially severe in respect of weather and climate (especially severe weather events), droughts, floods and pest infestation weather events), droughts, floods and pest infestation warnings and ensure that these warnings reach potentially warnings and ensure that these warnings reach potentially affected populations timeously.affected populations timeously.

► Facilitate increased uptake of seasonal climate forecasts Facilitate increased uptake of seasonal climate forecasts among key stakeholders such as those in the water and among key stakeholders such as those in the water and agricultural sectors.agricultural sectors.

► Maintain and update the South African Risk and Maintain and update the South African Risk and Vulnerability Atlas (SARVA) as a tool to be used by Vulnerability Atlas (SARVA) as a tool to be used by provinces and municipalities to facilitate their climate provinces and municipalities to facilitate their climate change adaptation planning.change adaptation planning.

► Investigate and implement plans to use the mass media and Investigate and implement plans to use the mass media and information and communication technology including the information and communication technology including the use of radio, TV and SMS cellular phone text warning use of radio, TV and SMS cellular phone text warning messages to alert threatened populations timeously.messages to alert threatened populations timeously.

Green Paper contentGreen Paper contentDisaster Management (Cont.)Disaster Management (Cont.)

► Promote Research and Development initiatives in order to Promote Research and Development initiatives in order to explore processes and products that might facilitate increased explore processes and products that might facilitate increased uptake of seasonal climate forecasts amongst stakeholders.uptake of seasonal climate forecasts amongst stakeholders.

► Collaborate with social networks such as community Collaborate with social networks such as community organizations NGOs, farmers’ organisations, South African organizations NGOs, farmers’ organisations, South African Adaptation networks, etc. in order to assist in raising Adaptation networks, etc. in order to assist in raising awareness and achieving technology transfer and capacity awareness and achieving technology transfer and capacity building. In this regard make use of the existing network of building. In this regard make use of the existing network of community development workers to spread knowledge of community development workers to spread knowledge of climate change and its associated risks.climate change and its associated risks.

► Strengthen both formal and informal education in respect of Strengthen both formal and informal education in respect of climate change, Disaster Risk Reduction and climate change climate change, Disaster Risk Reduction and climate change adaptation.adaptation.

Green Paper content (Cont.)Green Paper content (Cont.)Natural Resources SectorsNatural Resources Sectors - - Terrestrial Terrestrial

BiodiversityBiodiversity► Prioritise support for monitoring efforts and experimental Prioritise support for monitoring efforts and experimental

studies at national and sub-national scale aimed at studies at national and sub-national scale aimed at evaluating future risks to biodiversity, improving model evaluating future risks to biodiversity, improving model projections of impacts, and informing the design and projections of impacts, and informing the design and assessment of adaptation responses.assessment of adaptation responses.

► Encourage and facilitate the building of partnerships to Encourage and facilitate the building of partnerships to enable effective management of areas not under formal enable effective management of areas not under formal protection and investment in the expansion of key protection and investment in the expansion of key protected areas (which were not originally designed with protected areas (which were not originally designed with climate change trends in mind) in line with the most robust climate change trends in mind) in line with the most robust knowledge of climate change impacts.knowledge of climate change impacts.

► Ensure that protected area planning and expansion Ensure that protected area planning and expansion strategies benefit from an eco-system approach and focus strategies benefit from an eco-system approach and focus to ensure that threatened biomes, landscapes and species to ensure that threatened biomes, landscapes and species are given special protection and that conditions are are given special protection and that conditions are established that will minimise the risks of species extinction.established that will minimise the risks of species extinction.

Green Paper contentGreen Paper contentNatural Resources SectorsNatural Resources Sectors - - Terrestrial Terrestrial

Biodiversity (Cont.)Biodiversity (Cont.)► Ensure that a comprehensive biodiversity monitoring system Ensure that a comprehensive biodiversity monitoring system

is established that can provide timely information on specific is established that can provide timely information on specific risks.risks.

► Expand existing programmes to combat the spread of alien Expand existing programmes to combat the spread of alien and invasive species and the destruction of sensitive and invasive species and the destruction of sensitive ecosystems including Working for Water, Working for ecosystems including Working for Water, Working for Wetlands and Working on Fire.Wetlands and Working on Fire.

► Promote efforts to conserve, rehabilitate and/or restore Promote efforts to conserve, rehabilitate and/or restore natural systems that reduce and/or improve resilience to natural systems that reduce and/or improve resilience to climate change impacts, e.g. mangrove forests and their climate change impacts, e.g. mangrove forests and their positive impact on storm surges.positive impact on storm surges.

► In the medium-term, create and maintain a gene-bank of In the medium-term, create and maintain a gene-bank of critically endangered species.critically endangered species.

Green Paper content (Cont.)Green Paper content (Cont.)Natural Resources SectorsNatural Resources Sectors - - Marine Marine

BiodiversityBiodiversity► Prioritise the development of accurate regional Prioritise the development of accurate regional

climate models, which adequately consider ocean, climate models, which adequately consider ocean, atmospheric and terrestrial influences, and produce atmospheric and terrestrial influences, and produce reliable regional scenarios for marine biodiversity reliable regional scenarios for marine biodiversity impacts.impacts.

► Prioritise the ocean, marine and coastal Prioritise the ocean, marine and coastal management sector for climate change research management sector for climate change research and monitoring in order that the potential impacts, and monitoring in order that the potential impacts, and in particular the causes and the effects of these and in particular the causes and the effects of these impacts, are better understood. On the basis of this impacts, are better understood. On the basis of this adaptation plans will be developed and adaptation plans will be developed and implemented.implemented.

► Protect natural coastal protective systems, such as Protect natural coastal protective systems, such as mangrove swamps, reefs and coastal dunes.mangrove swamps, reefs and coastal dunes.

Green Paper content (Cont.)Green Paper content (Cont.)Natural Resources SectorsNatural Resources Sectors – – Commercial Commercial

ForestryForestry► Ensure that forest planning tools take into account carbon Ensure that forest planning tools take into account carbon

sequestration in a way that could provide necessary planning sequestration in a way that could provide necessary planning information, so as to aid in obtaining incentives from carbon information, so as to aid in obtaining incentives from carbon trading.trading.

► Undertake a full Life Cycle Analysis to develop a benchmarking Undertake a full Life Cycle Analysis to develop a benchmarking system to analyze and optimise COsystem to analyze and optimise CO22 emissions from forest emissions from forest operations in South Africa, and include an improved fire operations in South Africa, and include an improved fire management regime. management regime.

► Introduce targeted education programmes that focus on the Introduce targeted education programmes that focus on the relationship between the commercial forestry sector and relationship between the commercial forestry sector and conservation sector to ensure biological diversity is not conservation sector to ensure biological diversity is not compromised. compromised.

► Promote the downscaling of climate models to provide Promote the downscaling of climate models to provide information that allows for long term decision making, species information that allows for long term decision making, species and site matching in relation to future predicted site conditions. and site matching in relation to future predicted site conditions.

► Encourage agro-forestry and indigenous tree production as a Encourage agro-forestry and indigenous tree production as a potential socio-economic co-benefit of environmentally integral potential socio-economic co-benefit of environmentally integral planting regimes, and tree breeding as an adaptive response to planting regimes, and tree breeding as an adaptive response to changing landscape conditions. changing landscape conditions.

Green Paper content (Cont.)Green Paper content (Cont.)Natural Resources SectorsNatural Resources Sectors – – FisheriesFisheries

► Prioritise research and information management and Prioritise research and information management and monitoring systems that provide information on, among monitoring systems that provide information on, among others, the state of fisheries in South Africa and commercial others, the state of fisheries in South Africa and commercial marine species movements in response to changes resulting marine species movements in response to changes resulting from the impacts of climate change.from the impacts of climate change.

► Take a risk-averse approach to fish and marine resource Take a risk-averse approach to fish and marine resource harvesting quotas to ensure that over-exploitation is not harvesting quotas to ensure that over-exploitation is not responsible for local extinctions and population crashes in responsible for local extinctions and population crashes in climate stressed areas.climate stressed areas.

► Measurably increase monitoring, compliance promotion and Measurably increase monitoring, compliance promotion and enforcement measures in respect to poaching and illegal enforcement measures in respect to poaching and illegal fishing.fishing.

► Investigate how the risks and uncertainties associated with Investigate how the risks and uncertainties associated with wild fisheries may be reduced through new and/or up-scaled wild fisheries may be reduced through new and/or up-scaled fish-farming interventions - mariculture and aquaculture.fish-farming interventions - mariculture and aquaculture.

► Ensure coordination and cooperation between the fisheries Ensure coordination and cooperation between the fisheries and marine biodiversity sectors to ensure that the climate and marine biodiversity sectors to ensure that the climate change responses of the sectors provide win-win outcomes.change responses of the sectors provide win-win outcomes.

Green Paper content (Cont.)Green Paper content (Cont.)Human Society, Livelihoods and ServicesHuman Society, Livelihoods and Services

► Human Settlements, Infrastructure and the Human Settlements, Infrastructure and the Built Environment - Urban areasBuilt Environment - Urban areas

Encourage and support research that focuses on, among Encourage and support research that focuses on, among others: the factors that determine urban resilience; how others: the factors that determine urban resilience; how a city's physical form and infrastructure affects its a city's physical form and infrastructure affects its resilience ; appropriate monitoring and assessment tools resilience ; appropriate monitoring and assessment tools with which to evaluate a city's ongoing resilience; and with which to evaluate a city's ongoing resilience; and the implications of climate change risks and declining the implications of climate change risks and declining ecosystem services for decision making and policy ecosystem services for decision making and policy development regarding resource allocation, settlement development regarding resource allocation, settlement planning and design, development and growth and planning and design, development and growth and management of major city-regions.management of major city-regions.

Encourage and develop water-sensitive urban design as Encourage and develop water-sensitive urban design as a means of capturing water within the urban landscape a means of capturing water within the urban landscape and minimising pollution, erosion and disturbance by and minimising pollution, erosion and disturbance by ensuring that storm water is treated as a valuable water ensuring that storm water is treated as a valuable water resource and not simply discharged to rivers or the sea.resource and not simply discharged to rivers or the sea.

Green Paper contentGreen Paper contentHuman Society, Livelihoods and Services Human Society, Livelihoods and Services

(Cont.)(Cont.)► Human Settlements, Infrastructure and the Built Human Settlements, Infrastructure and the Built

Environment - Urban areas (Cont.)Environment - Urban areas (Cont.) Ensure that climate models are appropriately downscaled to Ensure that climate models are appropriately downscaled to

provincial and where possible metropolitan and district levels in provincial and where possible metropolitan and district levels in order to provide climate information at a scale that can be order to provide climate information at a scale that can be integrated into medium and long term spatial and development integrated into medium and long term spatial and development plans. Such downscaling must express critical uncertainties that plans. Such downscaling must express critical uncertainties that can inform allocation of resources. This information can be used can inform allocation of resources. This information can be used to ensure that long term settlement and infrastructure plans to ensure that long term settlement and infrastructure plans can adequately incorporate climate risk.can adequately incorporate climate risk.

Support the development of energy efficiency and renewable Support the development of energy efficiency and renewable energy plans for cities and towns and support their energy plans for cities and towns and support their implementation.implementation.

Initiate research to identify the factors that would determine Initiate research to identify the factors that would determine urban resilience.urban resilience.

Conduct research to determine appropriate monitoring and Conduct research to determine appropriate monitoring and assessment tools with which to evaluate a city’s ongoing assessment tools with which to evaluate a city’s ongoing resilience.resilience.


(Cont.)(Cont.)► Human Settlements, Infrastructure and the Human Settlements, Infrastructure and the

Built Environment - Urban areas (Cont.)Built Environment - Urban areas (Cont.) Regulate commercial building standards with a view to Regulate commercial building standards with a view to

enforcing green building construction practices. enforcing green building construction practices. Mandate the National Home Builders Registration Council Mandate the National Home Builders Registration Council

(NHBRC) to ensure that building construction conforms to (NHBRC) to ensure that building construction conforms to green building requirements, including measures such as green building requirements, including measures such as use of controlled ventilation, recycled material, solar use of controlled ventilation, recycled material, solar power,.power,.

Broaden the mandate of the Construction Industry Broaden the mandate of the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) to include green building and Development Board (CIDB) to include green building and construction practices as a specific requirement to be met construction practices as a specific requirement to be met by contractors who wish to participate in the public by contractors who wish to participate in the public tendering system to build schools, clinics, roads, bridges, tendering system to build schools, clinics, roads, bridges, dams, stadiums and other public infrastructure.dams, stadiums and other public infrastructure.

Strengthen and enhance decision support tools and Strengthen and enhance decision support tools and systems such as the Toolkit for Integrated Planning.systems such as the Toolkit for Integrated Planning.



Built Environment – Rural AreasBuilt Environment – Rural Areas Scale up programmes to reduce rural vulnerability and Scale up programmes to reduce rural vulnerability and

enhance local food security by educating subsistence enhance local food security by educating subsistence and small holder farmers on the potential risks of climate and small holder farmers on the potential risks of climate change and support them in developing adaptation change and support them in developing adaptation strategies, including conservation agriculture practices strategies, including conservation agriculture practices and water harvesting by means of participatory, on-farm and water harvesting by means of participatory, on-farm demonstration and experimentation. In this indigenous demonstration and experimentation. In this indigenous knowledge and local adaptive responses will be knowledge and local adaptive responses will be prioritised and the ownership of adaptation programmes prioritised and the ownership of adaptation programmes by local communities and their empowerment in the by local communities and their empowerment in the process of implementation will be a key objective.process of implementation will be a key objective.

Expand existing resource conservation and job creation Expand existing resource conservation and job creation programmes in rural areas including Working for Water, programmes in rural areas including Working for Water, Working for Wetlands and Working on Fire.Working for Wetlands and Working on Fire.



Built Environment – Rural Areas (Cont.)Built Environment – Rural Areas (Cont.) Design and implement macro-economic diversification and Design and implement macro-economic diversification and

livelihood diversification programmes in rural areaslivelihood diversification programmes in rural areas Within the country’s research and development system, Within the country’s research and development system,

prioritise technologies for climate change adaptation within prioritise technologies for climate change adaptation within rural areas. These could include for example, low water rural areas. These could include for example, low water use irrigation systems; new and drought resistant seed use irrigation systems; new and drought resistant seed varieties, etc,varieties, etc,

Target adaptation programmes so as to build resilience Target adaptation programmes so as to build resilience among the most vulnerable sections of the rural among the most vulnerable sections of the rural population, including through enhancing knowledge to population, including through enhancing knowledge to ensure sustainable environmental conditions and ensure sustainable environmental conditions and optimising the ecosystem services that this provides.optimising the ecosystem services that this provides.



Built Environment – Coastal AreasBuilt Environment – Coastal Areas Ensure that long-term planning for coastal areas takes Ensure that long-term planning for coastal areas takes

into account climate information and that a risk-averse into account climate information and that a risk-averse approach to planning is taken. This is particularly approach to planning is taken. This is particularly important to minimise the damage caused by intense important to minimise the damage caused by intense weather events such as storm surges. weather events such as storm surges.

Take potential sea level rise into account in Take potential sea level rise into account in infrastructure development and investment in coastal infrastructure development and investment in coastal areas.areas.

Protect natural coastal protective systems, such as Protect natural coastal protective systems, such as mangrove swamps, reefs and coastal dunes.mangrove swamps, reefs and coastal dunes.

Develop Disaster Risk Management plans taking into Develop Disaster Risk Management plans taking into account the potential consequences associated with account the potential consequences associated with climate change impacts along the coast.climate change impacts along the coast.

Green Paper contentGreen Paper contentWasteWaste

► Encourage and support industries that produce significant Encourage and support industries that produce significant quantities of gypsum from flue-gas desulphurization to enter into quantities of gypsum from flue-gas desulphurization to enter into appropriate public-private and/or other partnerships to ensure that appropriate public-private and/or other partnerships to ensure that affordable gypsum products are readily available to meet the affordable gypsum products are readily available to meet the demand for ceilings and dry-walling in low-income homes by 2012.demand for ceilings and dry-walling in low-income homes by 2012.

► Ensure that the Minimum Requirements for Landfills are revised Ensure that the Minimum Requirements for Landfills are revised and amended to reflect greenhouse gas mitigation considerations and amended to reflect greenhouse gas mitigation considerations by 2012, including, among others: bio-cover at landfills not by 2012, including, among others: bio-cover at landfills not suitable for gas extraction; energy recovery from landfill gas and suitable for gas extraction; energy recovery from landfill gas and the negotiation of appropriate carbon-offset funding; and, ensure the negotiation of appropriate carbon-offset funding; and, ensure that all such landfills are required to, at least, extract and flare this that all such landfills are required to, at least, extract and flare this gas by 2020.gas by 2020.

► Compile and implement by 2014 a national composting strategy Compile and implement by 2014 a national composting strategy aimed at reducing the amount of organic waste land-filled by 50% aimed at reducing the amount of organic waste land-filled by 50% of the 2000 baseline by 2020. of the 2000 baseline by 2020.

► In line with the Waste Incineration Policy, facilitate energy In line with the Waste Incineration Policy, facilitate energy recovery from appropriate waste streams through active support recovery from appropriate waste streams through active support to municipalities in the development of energy recovery projects to municipalities in the development of energy recovery projects and the negotiation of appropriate carbon-offset funding.and the negotiation of appropriate carbon-offset funding.

Expected areas of debateExpected areas of debate

►The energy planning processThe energy planning process►The energy mixThe energy mix►Pricing of carbonPricing of carbon►Sector targetsSector targets► Intervention resourcingIntervention resourcing► Intervention prioritisationIntervention prioritisation

Forward to a sustainable

future

THANK YOU FOR YOUR

KIND ATTENTION

Documents

The National Climate Change Response Green Paper A general presentation on the Draft Green Paper and the development of South Africa’s National Climate