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The Microscopic World of Cells
Cell membranes and transport
Cell Organelles
Plant vs. animal cell
TYPES of CELLS
• Prokaryotic Cells• Prokaryotes are very simple cells, probably first to
inhabit the earth. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a membrane bound nucleus. Bacteria are prokaryotes. DNA of bacteria is circular.
• The word "prokaryote" means "before the nucleus"• Other features found in some bacteria:• Flagella - used for movement
Pilus - small hairlike structures used for attaching to other cellsCapsule - tough outer layer that protects bacteria, often associated with harmful bacteria
• Eukaryotic Cells• Eukaryotic cells are more advanced cells. These
cells are found in plants, animals, and protists (small unicellular "animalcules").
• The eukaryotic cell is composed of 4 main parts: • cell membrane - outer boundary of the cell• cytoplasm - jelly-like fluid interior of the cell• nucleus - the "control center" of the cell,
contains the cell's DNA (chromosomes) • organelles - "little organs" that carry out cell
functions
Animal Cell Overview
Cell Membrane and Transport
Composed of phospholipidsArranged in a bilayer
Active transportPassive transport
•osmosis
•diffusion
•marker proteins•receptor proteins
Animal Cell Overview(Animal Cell Organelles)
Nucleus
Nucleolus-site of ribosomal RNA
Chromatin- made of DNA
Nucleus-brain of the cell
Directs all cell activity
Contains genetic material
Mitochondria
Supplies the cells energy- power plant of the cell
I need more power!!
Endoplasmic Recticulum
Series of flattened membranous sacs.
Acts like the cells freeway, transportation system.
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis. Often found lining the E.R.
May be found floating free in cytoplasm.
Golgi Complex
Acts like a mailman, packages and sorts proteins for delivery throughout the cell
A series of flattened sacs
Centrioles
A group of microtubules that aid in cell division.
Lysosome
Plant vs. Animal Cell
Three differences:
Chloroplasts
Vacuoles
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Site of
6CO2+6H20 C6H12O6+6O2
Do not exist in animal cells, give plant cells their rigidity.
Exists in animals but is much larger in plants.
Used to store food, waste, gases, pigments, water.
Cell Quiz1. Name 3 differences between plant and
animal cells.
2. What organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
3. What organelle acts like the post office?
4. What organelle aids in cell division?
5. How does water enter the cell?
BibliographyIntegrated Biology/Chemistry A, Continuity of Life Notebook, CORD,Waco, Texas, 1994.
www.dcn.davis.ca.us/~carl/cellhome.htm
Microsoft Encarta Reference Suite 99, 1993-1998.
http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/Thumbnails/searchresults.htm
The End!