The melting of the The melting of the glaciersglaciers

Global WarmingGlobal Warming

StructureStructure1. Glaciers1. Glaciers1.1 In General1.1 In General1.2 How the climate influences 1.2 How the climate influences glaciersglaciers

2. Antarctica2. Antarctica2.1 In General2.1 In General2.2 The ice2.2 The ice2.3 Change of the Antarctica2.3 Change of the Antarctica

3. Consequences and flooding3. Consequences and flooding

4. How to save energy4. How to save energy 4.1 Most important steps4.1 Most important steps 4.2 What can individuals do?4.2 What can individuals do?

1. Glaciers1. Glaciers1.1 In general1.1 In general Mass of iceMass of ice

Catchment area is clearly definedCatchment area is clearly defined Own movement because of shear Own movement because of shear stressstress Leaning, structure of ice, Leaning, structure of ice, temperaturetemperature

Largest freshwater storage Largest freshwater storage

Largest water storage generally (after Largest water storage generally (after the oceans) the oceans) Water supplies of rivers; influences Water supplies of rivers; influences the world's climatethe world's climate

Coverage of landmass (polar region)Coverage of landmass (polar region)

Forms landmassForms landmass Mass of ice reaches Mass of ice reaches centre of the land centre of the land

1.2 How the climate 1.2 How the climate influences glaciersinfluences glaciers

Antarctica cools down (not the world's Antarctica cools down (not the world's climatic trend)climatic trend) Ice sheet increasesIce sheet increases

More falls of rain/snowMore falls of rain/snow Snow encourages development of Snow encourages development of ice; rain encourages the melting ice; rain encourages the melting

Glaciers = indicators for permanent Glaciers = indicators for permanent climatic changesclimatic changes Global warming Global warming Melting of glaciers Melting of glaciers

2. Antarctica2. Antarctica2.1 In general2.1 In general Earth‘s southernmost continentEarth‘s southernmost continent

Also called „South Pole“Also called „South Pole“

On average the coldest, driest and On average the coldest, driest and windiest continentwindiest continent

Antarctica is considered a desertAntarctica is considered a desert

No humans living thereNo humans living there

Only cold adapted animals and plants Only cold adapted animals and plants can survive therecan survive there

Tundra vegetationTundra vegetation

2.2 The ice2.2 The ice

Antarctic Ice Shield is one of the two Antarctic Ice Shield is one of the two polar ice capes of the Earth polar ice capes of the Earth

Bigger Ice ShieldBigger Ice Shield

Area of 14 million square kmArea of 14 million square km

30 million cubic km of ice30 million cubic km of ice

2.3 Change of 2.3 Change of AntarcticaAntarctica Continent-wide average surface Continent-wide average surface

temperature trend is positive temperature trend is positive significant at >0.05°C/decade since significant at >0.05°C/decade since 19571957

Scientists found out: global warming is Scientists found out: global warming is affecting all of Antarcticaaffecting all of Antarctica

Satellite data suggests: Satellite data suggests: Ice has begun decreasingIce has begun decreasing

Recent study:Recent study:– West Antarctic Ice Shield is losing massWest Antarctic Ice Shield is losing mass– East Antarctic Ice Shield is in balance East Antarctic Ice Shield is in balance

by comparing the Ice by comparing the Ice leaving the Ice Shields leaving the Ice Shields

Results agree closely Results agree closely with the gravity changeswith the gravity changes

Temperature rose for the last half Temperature rose for the last half centurycentury

Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse Effect

Antarctica holds enough ice to raise Antarctica holds enough ice to raise global sea levels by 57 metresglobal sea levels by 57 metres

Average temperature rise for Average temperature rise for Antarctica is put at 0.12° C per decadeAntarctica is put at 0.12° C per decade

3. Consequences and 3. Consequences and FloodingFlooding Snowmelt is important for agriculture Snowmelt is important for agriculture

(e.g. in India)(e.g. in India)No glaciers = decline of agricultureNo glaciers = decline of agriculture

Elimination of ecosystemsElimination of ecosystemsAnimals and plants lose their Animals and plants lose their habitatshabitats

Lack of drinking waterLack of drinking waterThe snowmelt is their drinking waterThe snowmelt is their drinking water

Sea level increases by snowmeltSea level increases by snowmelt Some countries will be fluted (e.g. Some countries will be fluted (e.g. Egypt)Egypt)

Snowmelt sweeps along stonesSnowmelt sweeps along stones They built a wall They built a wall Glacial lakes developGlacial lakes develop The wall breaks and it comes to The wall breaks and it comes to dangerous flooding dangerous flooding

4. How to save energy4. How to save energy4.1 Most important 4.1 Most important stepssteps Modern boiler reduce pollutant emissionModern boiler reduce pollutant emission

Change over to domestic/natural gasChange over to domestic/natural gas

Insulation in houses and departmentsInsulation in houses and departments

Development and Use of renewable Development and Use of renewable energies (sun, wind, water, biogas)energies (sun, wind, water, biogas)

4.2 What can 4.2 What can individuals do?individuals do?

Overthink the importance of using a Overthink the importance of using a car (smaller emission of carbon car (smaller emission of carbon dioxide) dioxide)

Use a train or bus Use a train or bus

Avoid using a planeAvoid using a plane

Do not leave your electric machines in Do not leave your electric machines in standby mode, turn them offstandby mode, turn them off

Use energy saving lampsUse energy saving lamps

If you open your windows, do not If you open your windows, do not forget to turn off your heatingforget to turn off your heating

If you use an air conditioning machine, If you use an air conditioning machine, close the windowsclose the windows

Use a gas stove instead of an electric Use a gas stove instead of an electric rangerange

Buy agricultural products from your Buy agricultural products from your farmerfarmer

Everyone is able to stop the Everyone is able to stop the climate change with little climate change with little effort!effort!

SourcesSources Internet:Internet:

– klimainfo.net/was-man-tun-kann.php klimainfo.net/was-man-tun-kann.php – www.welt.de/.../www.welt.de/.../

Was_der_Einzelne_gegen_den_Klimawandel_tun_kann.htmlWas_der_Einzelne_gegen_den_Klimawandel_tun_kann.html– www.tagesschau.de/ausland/erderwaermung2.html www.tagesschau.de/ausland/erderwaermung2.html – http://www.greenpeace.de/themen/klima/klimawandel/artikel/http://www.greenpeace.de/themen/klima/klimawandel/artikel/

eine_unbequeme_wahrheit/eine_unbequeme_wahrheit/– http://www.greenpeace.de/themen/klima/http://www.greenpeace.de/themen/klima/

folgen_der_erwaermung/artikel/folgen_der_erwaermung/artikel/berge_ohne_eis_die_gletscher_schmelzen/berge_ohne_eis_die_gletscher_schmelzen/

– http://www.vistaverde.de/news/Wissenschaft/http://www.vistaverde.de/news/Wissenschaft/0503/14_gletscher.php0503/14_gletscher.php

– http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gletscherschmelze#Folgenhttp://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gletscherschmelze#Folgen– http://www.klimaforschung.net/antarktis/index.htmhttp://www.klimaforschung.net/antarktis/index.htm– http://www.greenpeace.de/themen/klima/nachrichten/artikel/http://www.greenpeace.de/themen/klima/nachrichten/artikel/

neuer_greenpeace_report_gletscher_schmelzen_immer_schnelleneuer_greenpeace_report_gletscher_schmelzen_immer_schneller-1/r-1/http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gletscherhttp://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gletscher

Pictures:Pictures:– http://www.sf.tv/webtool/data/pics/sfwissendossier/gletscher.jpghttp://www.sf.tv/webtool/data/pics/sfwissendossier/gletscher.jpg– http://www.stupidedia.org/images/thumb/6/6f/Warnschild.png/http://www.stupidedia.org/images/thumb/6/6f/Warnschild.png/

170px-Warnschild.png170px-Warnschild.png– http://www.unterwegs-mit-sack-und-pack.de/Fotoalbum/2003/http://www.unterwegs-mit-sack-und-pack.de/Fotoalbum/2003/

BernerOberland/Gletschersee_w13.jpgBernerOberland/Gletschersee_w13.jpg– http://www.polar-kreuzfahrten.de/fileadmin/polar-kreuzfahrten/http://www.polar-kreuzfahrten.de/fileadmin/polar-kreuzfahrten/

Presse/GletscherA6_300dpi.jpgPresse/GletscherA6_300dpi.jpg– http://gabrieli-gymnasium.de/uploaded/Vernagtferner%20-http://gabrieli-gymnasium.de/uploaded/Vernagtferner%20-

%20Schwarzkögele%20-%20Pegel%20(138).JPG%20Schwarzkögele%20-%20Pegel%20(138).JPG– http://www.iam.unibe.ch/~liwicki/web/alpenrundflug/http://www.iam.unibe.ch/~liwicki/web/alpenrundflug/

DSCN9386%20Oeschinensee%20im%20Kandertal%20undDSCN9386%20Oeschinensee%20im%20Kandertal%20und%20Gletscher.JPG%20Gletscher.JPG

– http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3055/antarctica.jpghttp://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3055/antarctica.jpg– http://www.abenteuer-antarktis.de/redwork/mediapool/http://www.abenteuer-antarktis.de/redwork/mediapool/

222512_lo_Wunderwelt_Antarktis.jpg222512_lo_Wunderwelt_Antarktis.jpg– http://www.geo.de/div/image/55672/02_gletscher_popup.jpghttp://www.geo.de/div/image/55672/02_gletscher_popup.jpg

Thanks for your attention!

Katharina Lasar, Eva-Maria Hartmann, Anna Jakobi, Mandy Klenk, Sarah Kersten