The Meaning of the Tenses in New Testament Greek- Where Are We? Robert E. Picirilli

7/31/2019 The Meaning of the Tenses in New Testament Greek- Where Are We? Robert E. Picirilli

1/23

BIST 35(4 %Tipsifni~ >009! 944&99

SEI FIGJAJK HO SEI SIJTIT AJ

JI[ SITSGFIJS KÎIL2 [EIÎ GÎ [I8

^HNI^S I* PADAÂMMA"

A* AJS^HCYDSAHJ

Sei {h~mc ho tdehmg~teap gnhys sei K~iil vi~n at aj oi~fijs- gjc sei hys&dhfi p~hfatit sh egvi g takjaoadgjs iooids oh~ gmm ho yt {eh ajsi~p~is sei JS*Tajdi gnhys 7110 sei~i egt niij g pg~gcakf teaos aj yjci~tsgjcajk sei K~iilsijtit-7 gjc- gt Kih~ki Kyse~ai egt hnti~vic hj seat tynbids- .[i ch jhsdg~i oh~ pihpmi fittajk {ase hy~ pg~gcakft*.> Ivij th- {i g~i niajk gtlicsh ~iiugfaji thfi ts~hjkmq&ijs~ijdeic gttyfpsahjt gnhys eh{ {i yjci~&tsgjc gjc iuikisi sei K~iil vi~n* Fq py~phti aj seat pgpi~ at sh p~hvacigj ajs~hcydsahj sh sei ji{ pg~gcakf- dgmmic .vi~ngm gtpids. seih~q- gjc shty~viq sei attyit segs g~i ajvhmvic gjc aj jiic ho ~ithmysahj* A ch th nimaiv&ajk segs seat seih~q- sehyke thfi ~ioajifijst fgq tsamm ni dgmmic oh~- at{h~seq ho n~hgc gddipsgjdi gjc tyooi~t o~hf mafasic iuphty~i gfhjk fgjq{eh jiic as fhts*

Oa~ts- g {h~c at aj h~ci~ gnhys sei s~gcasahjgm yjci~tsgjcajk ho sei sijtitsegs fhts ho yt hjdi gttyfic {gt tissmic oh~ khhc* Gs sei ~atl ho hvi~taf&pmaoadgsahj- sei p~ivgamajk vai{- oh~ fh~i segj g kiji~gsahj- {gt segs seip~afg~q figjajk ho sei sijtit {gt .lajc ho gdsahj-. hosij dgmmic Glsahjtg~s*Fhts s~gcasahjgm siust civimhpic seat vai{2 jgfimq- segs sei p~itijs gjc af&pi~oids ajcadgsi .majig~. gdsahj- {eami sei gh~ats ajcadgsit .pyjdsamag~. gdsahjh~ gdsahj yjcioajic %.gh~ats. 6 {asehys nhyjcg~q!- gjc sei pi~oids sijtit gdhjsajyajk tsgsi ~itymsajk o~hf g p~ah~ gds* Seat- {i {i~i sgykes %gjc sgykeshy~ tsycijst aj sy~j!- at sei p~afg~q figjajk dhffhj sh sei sijtit aj gmmvi~ngm oh~ft* Aj gccasahj- sei sijtit egvi tidhjcg~q afpmadgsahjt oh~ safi2gnthmysimq aj sei ajcadgsavi %sei p~itijs sijti sqpadgmmq ajcadgsit p~itijssafi gjc sei afpi~oids gjc gh~ats pgts safi- oh~ iugfpmi! gjc ~imgsavimq ajpg~sadapmit %p~itijs gjc gh~ats pg~sadapmit sqpadgmmq ajcadgsi safi dhjsifph&~gjihyt {ase h~ gjsidicijs sh segs ho sei fgaj vi~n- ~itpidsavimq!* Seat vai{-

" ^hni~s Pada~amma at p~hoitth~ ifi~asyt gs O~ii [amm Ngpsats Nanmi Dhmmiki- 4?0? [its IjcGvijyi- P*H* Nhu 9077;- Jgtevammi- SJ 4>909&077;*

7 Se~hykehys seat pgpi~ A {amm yti .sijti%t!. gjc seia~ s~gjcasahjgm jgfit jiys~gmmq- {asehysgjq ajsijcic afpmadgsahjt oh~ safi h~ gjq hsei~ figjajkt* Do* C* G* Dg~thj-Iuikisadgm Ogmmgdait%>c ic*< K~gjc ^gpact2 Ngli~- 711?! ?;- {eh tafamg~mq ytit sei {h~ct .hjmq sh ~ioi~ sh fh~pehmhk&adgm oh~f*.

>Kih~ki E* Kyse~ai- .Nhgst aj sei Ngq2 îomidsahjt hj sei Yti ho Majkyatsadt gjc Masi~g~q

Gjgmqtat aj Nanmadgm Tsycait-. aj Majkyatsadt gjcsei Ji{ Sitsgfijs2 D~asadgm Byjdsy~it %ic* TsgjmiqI* Ph~si~ gjc C* G* Dg~thj< BTJSTT 7?5< TJSK 9< Teiooaimc2 Teiooaimc Gdgcifad P~itt- 7111! >;*


2/23

943 BHY^JGM HO SEI I_GJKIMADGM SEIHMHKADGM THDAISQ

{ase vg~agsahjt- dgj ni ohyjc aj fhts ho sei k~gffg~t o~hf {eade fgjq hoyt mig~jic K~iil- ajdmycajk sehti nq ^hni~sthj< Nmgtt- Cin~yjji~- gjc Oyjl*5; Ph~si~-Tsycait 33*


14/23

93? BHY^JGM HO SEI I_GJKIMADGM SEIHMHKADGM THDAISQ

{eh hnti~vit segs {eami sei tpigli~ ysamarit tyde majkyatsad dgsikh~ait gtvi~ngm gtpids sh ts~ydsy~i gj yssi~gjdi- .sei matsiji~ ytit tyde dgsikh~ait gtdmyit sh ajsi~p~isajk sei tpigli~+t vi~ngm padsy~i*.55 Tamvg dgmmt seat .pi~&

diavajk as gjc p~itijsajk as*.51

Aj hsei~ {h~ct- sei sijtit ch jhs tafpmq tii-seiq ~iph~s*10

Gjc segs afficagsimq hpijt yp sei oy~sei~ phttanamasq segs sei yti~ .tg{.gj gdsahj h~ dhjcasahj o~hf g di~sgaj pi~tpidsavi %gjc ajsijcic oh~ yt shvai{ as segs {gq! nidgyti as {gt segs {gq aj gs migts thfi ~itpidst* [eamiseat dgjjhs ni gttyfic- as ~ifgajt g wyitsahj* Gjc {i {eh g~i iuikisit hosei [h~c gppg~ijsmq dgjjhs gvhac gtlajk gjc tiilajk sei gjt{i~ sh tydewyitsahjt* [i {gjs sh ljh{ jhs hjmq eh{ sei {~asi~ vai{ic gj gdsahj %tyn&

bidsavimq! nys eh{ segs gdsahj gdsygmmq {gt %hnbidsavimq!- ao {i dgj simm*

Jhji ho seat figjt segs sei yti~ ho mgjkygki dgjjhs o~iimq dehhti shvai{- gjc ~ip~itijs- g kavij gdsavasq aj fh~i segj hji {gq* Mis yt typphtisegs Bgji Chi mhhlt ngdl hj g di~sgaj s~ap gjc hnti~vit segs hj Syitcgq-Tipsifni~ 77- >007- {eij tei eig~c sei ji{t ho sei pmgjit omh{j ajsh sei[h~mc S~gci Dijsi~- tei {gt c~avajk %K~iil afpi~oids! yp Fgaj Ts~iis sh{g~cei~ hooadi* Aj tgqajk segs- tei dehti sh vai{ sei gdsahj ho c~avajk {eami as {gtkhajk hjafpi~oidsavimq h~ p~hk~ittavimq* Nys tei fakes gmth egvi dehtijsh vai{ as pi~oidsavimq h~ {ehmatsadgmmq- ~iph~sajk segs hj Tipsifni~ 77 teic~hvi %K~iil gh~ats! sh ei~ hooadi* Ivij th- as gppig~t segs Bgji dehhtit sh

vai{ gdsahj aj g kavij {gq- gs migts aj pg~s- nidgyti tei tiit sei gdsahj hn&bidsavimq aj segs {gq* Aj tyde ajtsgjdit- {ei~i ~iph~sajk ho ~igm ivijst atsglajk pmgdi- fh~i segj hji pi~tpidsavi %gtpids! at phttanmi hjmq {eij iasei~at .hnbidsavimq. gddy~gsi* Ao {i imivgsi tynbidsavasq aj sei {~hjk tijti hvi~hnbidsavasq- seat fgq migc sh wyitsahjajk {eisei~ sei ~idh~c dgj ni dhyjsichj sh dhffyjadgsi hnbidsavi s~ysechynst A gf tgsatoaic segs Ph~si~ {hymcjhs dhyjsijgjdi*

3* Sei attyi ho p~gkfgsadt* Hji ho sei phttanmi iooidst ho sei ji{ seih~qho sijti- jhs jidittg~amq ajsijsahjgm- at segs Glsahjtg~slajc ho gdsahj{ammni ciifpegtaric* Seat fgq ~ityms iasei~ o~hf sei ogds segs pi~tpidsavi%gtpids! ~ipmgdit lajc ho gdsahj gt sei liq ogdsh~ aj yjci~tsgjcajk sijti h~o~hf sei ifpegtat hj sijti dehadit gt tynbidsavi< lajc ho gdsahj sijct sh~iwya~i gj hnbidsavi ~iph~s ho {egs s~gjtpa~ic* .Majig~. gjc .pyjdsamag~.gdsahj fgq catgppig~ o~hf hy~ vhdgnymg~qgjc pi~egpt seiq tehymc*

Oy~sei~- s~gcasahjgm k~gffg~t mats g vg~aisq ho tqjsgdsadgm ytit oh~ igdeho sei sijtit* Sei p~itijs gjc afpi~oids fgq ni dhjgsavi- citd~apsavi- asi~&gsavi- h~ ajdipsavi- oh~ iugfpmi- gjc sei gh~ats fgq ni ajk~ittavi- dhjtsgsavi-h~ iooidsavi- gfhjk hsei~t* Seiti dgsikh~ait egvi gj ijs~ijdeic gddipsgjdi

aj iuikitat gjc ajsi~p~isgsahj* Tehymc seiti gmth catgppig~8

55 Anac* 7?&7;*51 Tamvg-Mgjkygki gjc Td~apsy~i 77?*10 [gmmgdi- K~iil K~gffg~ 77- ~ibidst sei acig segs mgjkygki %gjc seyt ast sijtit! simmt yt

ivij sei yti~+t vai{phajs ho ~igmasq- hjmq sei {gq ei p~itijst as* Aj dhjsius- A yjci~tsgjc eatphajs- nys A ~ifgaj yjty~i {eisei~ seat {hymc migc eaf sh gj ivij fh~i tynbidsavi gpp~hgde h~sh g phajs tafamg~ sh sei hji A gf fglajk*


15/23

SEI FIGJAJK HO SEI SIJTIT AJ JI[ SITSGFIJS K^IIL 9 3 ;

A egvi gm~igcq ajcadgsic segs Ph~si~ sijct sh ch{jpmgq tyde dgsikh~ait-~imikgsajk seif sh sei g~ig ho .p~gkfgsadt.pi~egpt hjmq sh pys seif ajseia~ p~hpi~ pmgdi gjc sh ajtats hj vi~ngm gtpids gmhji gt sei figjajk ho

sijti* Ei citd~anit sei s~gcasahjgm jgfit gt .~gsei~ dhfpmadgsic si~fajhm&hkq. segs .at jhs ytic ei~i-.17 tgqajk- .As fyts ni wyitsahjic * * * {eisei~tyde dgsikh~ait gt ajk~ittavi- iooidsavi gjc dhjtsgsavi Gh~ats g~i k~gffgsa&dgmmq mikasafgsi* * * * Seiti jgfit sijc sh dhjoyti oh~f gjc oyjdsahj- gt {immgt tifgjsadt gjc p~gkfgsadt* A nimaivi tyde dgsikh~ait g~i nissi~ tiij gtmiuadgm gjc dhjsiusygm ajsi~p~isgsahjt ho g pg~sadymg~ k~gffgsadgm gjc ti&fgjsad dgsikh~q*.1> Ajciic- eat catdyttahj ho sei tqjsgu ho sijtit aj Acahftat vi~q caooi~ijs o~hf segs ho s~gcasahjgm k~gffg~t- {ase igde sijti catdytticyjci~ sei eigcajkt ho pgts- p~itijs- oysy~i- hfjasifph~gm- gjc safimitt

gdsahj*14

Nys pi~egpt ei sijct sh athmgsi vi~ngm gtpids o~hf ~imgsic- p~gkfgsaddhjdi~jt aj shh tsi~ami g fgjji~* Gt Ogjjajk hnti~vit- sei cioajasahj ho seigtpidst at catsajds o~hf seia~ oyjdsahj aj dhjsiusg caooi~ijdi jhs dg~ioymmqhnti~vic aj s~gcasahjgm s~igsfijst ho sijti< seyt seiq nig~ hj igde hsei~gjc {i fyts kavi gssijsahj sh .sei gtpidst aj dhfnajgsahj {ase miuadgm gjcdhjsiusygm oigsy~it*.13 Ei at dhjvajdic .segs vi~ngm gtpids at shh cipijcijshj hsei~ oigsy~it ho sei dhjsius oh~ as gmhji sh ni cisi~fajgsavi aj ajsi~p~i&sgsahj*.19 Tafamg~mq- [gmmgdi seajlt hoGlsahjtg~s gt .gtpids aj dhfnajgsahj

{ase miuadgm- k~gffgsadgm- h~ dhjsiusygm oigsy~it*.

1?

Seyt nhse Ogjjajk gjc[gmmgdi hooi~ matst ho ytit vi~q tafamg~ sh s~gcasahjgm hjit* Fgsei{thj hn&ti~vit segs .Ogjjajk at fh~i tijtasavi sh sei vg~ahyt {gqt aj {eade gtpids%tifgjsadt! ajsi~gdst {ase sei dhjsius aj {eade as at ohyjc %p~gkfgsadt!* * *ivij ao ei chit gssifps sh tgmvgki shh fyde o~hf s~gcasahjgm k~gffgsadgmdgsikh~ait*.1;

Seij {egs tegmm {i ch {ase sei s~gcasahjgm- tqjsgdsadgm dgsikh~ait hosijti ytgki8 Tegmm {i catdg~c seif8 Ao {i ~isgaj seif- eh{ tehymc seiq nicatdyttic gjc cioajic8 Jh chyns {i tehymc nikaj nq gk~iiajk- gt A seajlnhse Ph~si~ gjc Ogjjajk {hymc- segs sei yti~+t pi~tpidsavi ho sei gdsahj%gtpids! at sei figjajk ho sei K~iil sijtit- gjc segs hsei~ ogdsh~t- ajdmyc&ajk seiti dgsikh~ait- ao seiq g~i figjajkoym gs gmm- g~i p~gkfgsad* Seiq cipijchj sei {gqt sei vi~ngm oh~ft- aj vg~ahyt sijtit- g~i gdsygmmq ytic aj vg~ahytdhjsiust ho catdhy~ti*

Ao vi~ngm gtpids seih~q- gt eimc nq gjq ho ast p~hphjijst- at dh~~ids- seij-sei sijtit ch jhs hnbidsavimq tsgsi .lajc ho gdsahj*. Segs g tpigli~ vai{t gj

17 Ph~si~-Acahft >5*1>

Ph~si~-Tsycait 3;*14 Ph~si~-Acahft >1&3>*13 Ogjjajk- .Gpp~hgdeit. 9?&9;*19 Ogjjajk-_i~ngm Gtpidsva< do* eat catdyttahj %pp* 3?&31! ho .Gtpids gjc dhfphtasahjgm imi&

fijst-. ajdmycajk seat2 .Sei figjajk ho sei gtpidst seiftimvit fyts ni catsajkyateic o~hf tydeogdsh~t- gmsehyke sei oyjdsahj ho sei gtpidst aj dhfnajgsahj {ase seif fyts ni jhsic. %ifpegtatfaji!*

1? [gmmgdi-K~iil K~gffg~311*1; Fgsei{thj- ._i~ngm Gtpids. j* 74*


16/23


gdsahj afpi~oidsavimq %p~hk~ittavimq!- oh~ iugfpmi- chit jhs jidittg~amq figjas {gt .majig~. aj jgsy~i* Dhjvi~timq- segs ei vai{t as gt pi~oidsavi %{ehmatsad!chit jhs jidittg~amq figj as {gt .pyjdsamag~-. gjc di~sgajmq jhs .hjdi oh~

gmm.g dhffhj fatsgli segs O* Tsgkk iuphtic mhjk gkh*15

[eij sei Bi{tn~gkkic segs sei sifpmi .{gt nyams. %gh~ats! {ase 3? qig~t ho mgnh~- oh~ iu&gfpmi- seiq di~sgajmq cac jhs figj segs sei gdsahj {gt hnbidsavimq .pyjd&samag~*. Ph~si~+t afpmadgsahj- A seajl- at segs {i tehymc jhs ~ikg~c Glsahjtg~sgt g oyjdsahj ho sijti- gt tyde*

Seij tyde tqjsgdsadgm catsajdsahjt gt asi~gsavi- ajdipsavi- gjc sei malitehymc ni tiij gt p~gkfgsad oyjdsahjt ho dhjsius gjc jhs ho sijti* Seiafpi~oids sijti chit jhs figj ~ipigsic gdsahj %asi~gsavi! h~ ohdyt hj seinikajjajk ho gj gdsahj %ajdipsavi! aj gjc ho astimo* Seiti jhsahjt- ao seiq g~i

bytsaoaic gs gmm- ~iomids sei yti ho sei vi~n %sijti- vhadi- gjc fhci! aj dhj&siusgjc g~i hosij takjaoadgjsmq gooidsic nq .miuat.sei miuadgm figjajk hosei vhdgnymg~q ytic* Ao g kavij tijsijdi tgqt segs .Bityt {gt sigdeajk. %af&pi~oids!- as fgq h~ fgq jhs egvi sei ~itymsgjs figjajk segs Ei nikgj sigde&ajk* Sei cidatahj at g fgssi~ ho ajsi~p~isgsahj- gjc ajsi~p~isgsahj sglit ajshgddhyjs gmm ogdsh~t aj ytgki< oy~sei~fh~i- as dgmmt oh~ iupi~aijdic gjc aj&takesoym byckfijs- seyt gm{gqt ajdmycajk thfi imifijs ho tynbidsavasq hj seipg~s ho sei ajsi~p~isi~*

Gmm ho seat chit jhsfigj- eh{ivi~- segs tyde catsajdsahjt g~i figjajk&

mitt h~ yjbytsaoaic* Aj Fg~l 729- pihpmi .{i~i khajk hys. sh- gjc .{i~i niajkngpsaric. nq Bhejs{h afpi~oids ajcadgsavi vi~nt* Oyjcgfijsgmmq- sei sijtifigjt segs Fg~l {gt vai{ajkgjc {gjsic yt sh vai{- sei gdsahj gt as {gts~gjtpa~ajkgjc- aj ogds- as {gt s~gjtpa~ajk gs sei phajs Fg~l ~iph~st* Nyssijtit- mali hsei~ seajkt- g~i jhs ytic aj g vgdyyf- th {i fgq bytsaoagnmqgtl byts {egs sei~i fakes egvi niij gnhys seiti gdsahjt segs fgci as gpp~h&p~agsi oh~ eaf sh dehhti sh iup~itt seif p~hk~ittavimq* _ai{ajk sei gdsahj hokhajk gjc niajk ngpsaric ajsi~jgmmq- seij- o~hf sei pi~tpidsavi ho {eami as{gt aj p~hk~itt- cac ei seajl ho seat gt g nikajjajk phajs o~hf {eade seigdsahj dhjsajyic %ajdipsavi!- h~ {gt seat p~hk~itt g ~ipisasavi gjc hjkhajkts~igf ho ohmlt {eh dgfi hji gosi~ gjhsei~- gjc o~hf hji safi sh gjhsei~-sh ni ngpsaric %asi~gsavi! h~ {gt ei pgajsajk sei padsy~i ho g tpidaoad hddgtahj%citd~apsavi!8 Gjc eh{ g~i {i sh cidaci8 Fglajk tyde g cidatahj at hosij

bytsaoaic- gjc sei liq at dhjsius gjc ajsi~p~isgsahj ~gsei~ segj sei afpi~&oids sijti astimo gt tyde* FdLgq ~ioi~t- eimpoymmq- sh sei vg~aisq ho phttanmijygjdit segs g~ati o~hf vi~nt+ .ajsi~~imgsahj {ase gmm sei oigsy~it ho sei dhj&sius. gt .~igmargsahjt-. tykkitsajk segs g tajkmi afpi~oids vi~n fakes jiic shni s~gjtmgsic .cac- {gt chajk- {gt s~qajk sh ch- nikgj sh ch- ytic sh ch-{hymc ch- egc niij chajk- isd*.11

Seij g~i tyde catsajdsahjt- gjc tyde matst ho ytit- sh ni catdyttic yjci~sei eigcajk ho sijti8 H~ {hymc thfi hsei~ eigcajk ni nissi~gjc ao th-{eade hji8 K~gjsic- sei catsajdsahj nis{iij asi~gsavi gjc ajdipsavi afpi~&

O* Tsgkk- .Sei Gnytic Gh~ats-. BNM 17 %71;>! >>>&47*FdLgq-Tqjsgu >1&40*


17/23

SEI FIGJAJK HO SEI SIJTIT AJ JI[ SITSGFIJS KÎIL 9 3 1

oiis vi~nt at jhs ajcadgsic nq sijti gmhji< as at g oyjdsahj ho sei {ehmi dhj&sius- {ase ivi~q ogdsh~ pmgqajk g pg~s* As {hymc ni phttanmi- seij- sh catdytttyde seajkt yjci~ sei eigcajk ho .sei dmgyti-. h~ .sei p~icadgsi.gjc seyt

sh ohdyt hj gmm ogdsh~t jiicic sh fgli sei ajsi~p~isavi cidatahj* As tiift shfi- eh{ivi~- segs as at tsamm nits sh catdytt as yjci~ sei eigcajk hosijti2 jhssei figjajk ho sijti pi~ ti- nys sei {gqt sei sijtit kis ytic aj p~gdsadi* Ajseat ~ikg~c- A gf gk~iiajk {ase Ph~si~ {eh ~ioi~t tyde dhjtaci~gsahj sh seig~ig hop~gkfgsadt h~ afpmadgsy~i* Gjc A gf gk~iiajk {ase Ogjjajk segstyde dgsikh~ait g~i tsamm {h~se matsajk gjc catdyttajk*

Gkgaj- picgkhkadgm dhjdi~jt gooids fi ei~i2 A seajl as {amm ni igtai~ oh~sei tsycijs sh k~gtp sei jhsahjt gtthdagsic {ase tyde catsajdsahjt gt asi~g&savi- ajdipsavi- dhjgsavi- eatsh~adgm- ajk~ittavi- h~ iooidsavi yjci~ sei eigcajk

ho sei ytit ho sei sijtit ho vi~ntajtatsajk gmm sei {eami segs sei sijtitgmhji figj jh tyde seajkt* Sehyke A seajl seat at {egs Ogjjajk at kissajkgs- Dg~thj fgq {imm ni ~akes aj hnti~vajk segs Ogjjajk gppig~t sh seajlsegs sei vi~n oh~f astimo sglit hj nhg~c tyde Glsahjtg~s deg~gdsi~atsadt*

700

[egsivi~ {i ch- {i tehymc fgajsgaj sei caooi~ijdi nis{iij sei ajei~&ijs figjajk ho sei sijtit seiftimvit gjc sei p~gdsadgm {gqt vi~nt aj seisijtit g~i ytic sh dhjviq g vg~aisq ho ~itymsajk afpmadgsahjt* [gmmgdi dgmmtsei ajei~ijs figjajk ho sijti ast .yjgooidsic. h~ .hjshmhkadgm. figjajk- gjgps deg~gdsi~argsahj*

707Bioo~iq îic gjc ^yse îiti ifpegtari- gpp~hp~a&

gsimq- segs sehti {h~lajk aj vi~ngm gtpids fyts .cimajigsi {egs seiq figjnq fh~pehmhkadgm figjajk \sijtit gt oh~ftV gjc dhjsiusygm figjajk*.70>

Hji ho sei gcvgjsgkit ho seat catsajdsahj at segs sei vg~ahyt afpmadgsahjt hodhjsius {amm dh~~idsmqni tiij gt fgssi~t ho ajsi~p~isgsahj gmmh{ajk ~hhf oh~caooi~ijs byckfijst* Hji dgjjhs chkfgsadgmmq tgq- oh~ iugfpmi- .Seat at gjajdipsavi afpi~oids- figjajk segs ei nikgj sh sigde gs segs phajs*. Aj&si~p~isgsahj at jhs th dys gjc c~aic< jh~ at sei tpigli~+t yti hosijtit* Gs seitgfi safi- tyde catsajdsahjt jiic sh ni tsycaic gjc fgtsi~ic- jhs gngj&chjicsehyke thfi ho seif fgq {imm jiic sh ni ~iivgmygsic h~ ~ioajic*

Aj hsei~ {h~ct- ao {i dgj cisi~faji segs aj 729 Fg~l+t yti ho sei afpi~&oids figjt segs ei vai{ic sei gdsahj aj p~hk~itt- tiiajk as gt g tdiji niajk~ipigsic hvi~ gjc hvi~ %asi~gsavi!- seij %{eisei~ g oyjdsahj ho sei sijti h~jhs!- as at hnbidsavimq s~yi segs sei tdiji {gt niajk ~ipigsic hvi~ gjc hvi~-gjc sei~ioh~i gpp~hp~agsi oh~ Fg~l sh iup~itt afpi~oidsavimq(p~hk~ittavimq*Ho dhy~ti- segs fgq ni afphttanmi sh .cisi~faji-. nys ajsi~p~isgsahj at- gosi~gmm- gnhys tyde fgssi~t*

Aj teh~s- as tiift dmig~ segs sei yjci~tsgjcajk ho g sijti dgjjhs ijsa~imqni cavh~dic o~hf gmm sei hsei~ ogdsh~t ajvhmvic aj dhffyjadgsahj* Sijtit-mali vhdgnymg~q- figj {egs yti~t ytic seif oh~- {aseaj {egsivi~ tifgjsad

7 0 0

Dg~thj- .Ajs~hcydsahj sh Ph~si~(Ogjjajk. >4*7 0 7

[gmmgdi- Ngtadt >797?sehyke ei ajdmycit safi gjc gtpids aj eat cioajasahj ho sei yj&gooidsic figjajk %p* >>0!< tii gmth eat K~iilK~gffg~977*

7 0 >

Bioo~iq S* iic gjc ^yse G* îiti- ._i~ngm Gtpids- Catdhy~ti P~hfajijdi- gjc sei Missi~hoByci-. Oamhmhkag Jihsitsgfijsg~ag 1 %711?! 711-* 1*


18/23


~gjki ho phttanamasait iuatsic oh~ seifgjc .pi~tpidsavi. %gtpids! hpijt yp~hhf oh~ g oga~mq n~hgc ~gjki ho phttanamasait*

9* Sei attyi ho p~hfajijdi* A egvi ajs~hcydic- gnhvi- sei dhjdips ho p~hf&ajijdi gt hji phttanmi afpmadgsahj ho g yti~+t dehadi ho sijti* Seat nikajt{ase sei ~igcajk ho .k~hyjcajk. aj sehti dehadit2 Ph~si~- {eh egt egc seifhts sh tgq gnhys seat- ~ikg~ct sei gh~ats gt migts fg~lic %sei ciogyms sijti!gjc sei ngdlk~hyjc sijti- sei p~itijs gjc afpi~oids gt fh~i fg~lic gjcsei oh~ik~hyjc sijti- gjc sei pi~oids gt fhts eigvamq fg~lic gjc sei o~hjs&k~hyjc sijti* K~h{ajk hys ho seat at sei afpmadgsahj ho tgmaijdi h~ p~hfa&jijdi- ~ikg~cic gt gj afph~sgjs ajk~icaijs aj catdhy~ti gjgmqtat*

Nys g p~hnmif g~atit {eij Ogjjajk- gjhsei~ ho sei fgbh~ p~hphjijst ho

vi~ngm gtpids seih~q- hnti~vit segs sei gtpidst .ti~vi aj g tidhjcg~q {gq sh~iomids sei p~hfajijdi ho ivijst ~idh~cic aj g jg~~gsavi- {ase pi~oidsavi\gh~atsV vi~nt ytic ho sei oh~ik~hyjc ivijst gjc afpi~oidsavi \p~itijs gjcafpi~oidsV vi~nt ho sei ngdlk~hyjc hjit*.704 Gkgaj2 .Gt g figjt ho teh{ajkp~hfajijdi- sei gh~ats dgj ni ytic sh jg~~gsi sei fgaj h~ +oh~ik~hyjc+ ivijst-{eami sei afpi~oids h~ p~itijs at ytic sh ~idh~c tyntacag~q h~ ngdlk~hyjc+hjit*.703 Segs seiti s{h dgj ~igde gppg~ijsmq hpphtasi dhjdmytahjt hj seattynbids at tsg~smajk- sh tgq sei migts- gjc fgq ajciic dgyti ~igci~t sh chynssei seih~q ajvhmvic*

Bioo~iq îic kavit thfi gssijsahj sh seat fgssi~ gjc ~igdeit dhjdmytahjtsegs g~i aj figty~ic gk~iifijs {ase Ph~si~* Ei gk~iit segs .sei tifgjsadtho sei gtpidsygm dgsikh~ait mijc seiftimvit sh catdhy~ti p~hfajijdi. nyswygmaoait segs .sei yti ho vi~ngm gtpids*** sh ajcadgsi p~hfajijdi at g tid&hjcg~q ~hmig p~gkfgsad oyjdsahj ho k~gffg~gjc- seyt g catdhy~ti oyjd&sahj- jhs g fh~pehmhkadgm oyjdsahj ho K~iil k~gffg~*.709 Ei chit jhs seajlsegs ivi~q hddy~~ijdi ho g kavij sijti fyts ni oassic ajsh seat fhcim* CgviFgsei{thj p~ittit g massmi fh~i ts~hjkmq- ajtatsajk segs .hji oigsy~i ho vi~ngmgtpids segs egt qis sh ni tyooadaijsmq iupmhasic at sei dhjdips ho fg~lic&jitt-. gjhsei~ {gq ho ~ioi~~ajk sh p~hfajijdi h~ sh k~hyjcajk* Ei at dhjoa&cijs segs sei fauajk ho gh~ats gjc p~itijs afpi~gsavit aj Pgym+t iseadgmcatdhy~tit- oh~ iugfpmi- dgj ni iupmgajic hj seat ngtat- {ase sei gh~atst vai{&ajk sei gdsahjt gt .dhfpmisi {ehmit-. ti~vajk g tyffg~q oyjdsahj< gjc seip~itijst vai{ajk seif gt .hjkhajk p~hdittit-. ytic nq Pgym .sh gssgde k~igsi~takjaoadgjdi sh sei gdsahj. gjc seyt sh .eakemakes afph~sgjs ifpegtit*.70?

îic gjc îiti tafamg~mq s~igs vi~ngm gtpids gt g liq sh cisidsajk p~hfa&jijdi aj sei missi~ ho Byci- p~hvacajk g khhc ajs~hcydsahj sh sei tynbids hop~hfajijdi aj catdhy~ti gjgmqtat*70;

704 O g j j a j k ! _i~ngm Gtpids ;9*70 3

Anac* 717*70 9

îic-Peamappagjt 773*70 ?

Fgsei{thj- ._i~ngm Gtpids. >1&40* [eij ei hnti~vit gs hji phajs %p* 43! segs .sei p~itijs

gtpids at ytic aj seat dhjsius sh y~ki dhjsajyajk gjc hjkhajk gdsavasq-. ei tiift jhs sh jhsadi segs

ei egt gmfhts ogmmij ajsh sei pgssi~j ho tsgsajk Glsahjtg~s dgsikh~ait- g pgssi~j ei ajviaket

gkgajts eigvamq se~hykehys eat g~sadmi*70 ;

îic gjc îiti- ._i~ngm Gtpids.< tii sei cioajasahj ho .p~hfajijdi. hj pp* 759&5? gjc sei

eimpoym nanmahk~gpeq hj sei tynbids aj j* 7;*


19/23


A tehymc fijsahj- aj pgttajk- segs Tamvg dgtst thfi chyns hj gmm seat* Eiegt .qis sh tii hji iugfpmi ho khhc iuikitat segs cipijct hj sei ajsi~&p~isi~+t gnamasq sh iupmgaj {eq hji gtpids ~gsei~ segj gjhsei~ {gt ytic* * * *

[eij g dehadi at ajvhmvic- as at jhs malimq sh ni g dhjtdahyt hji< sei~ioh~i asat fhts chynsoym segs g tpigli~ h~ {~asi~ {hymc fgli yti ho seat tqjsgdsadgmtynsmisq sh ts~itt gjq phajs*.705 Ei phajst yp sei caooadymsq ho catsajkyateajknis{iij sei iooidst ho gtpids gjc sehti ho dhjsius gjc sglit jhsi ho sei.cagfis~adgmmq hpphtic dhjdmytahjt. ho Ph~si~ gjc Ogjjajk gnhys gh~ats gjcp~itijs afpi~gsavit aj sei JS- dhjdmycajk segs ei at jhs pi~tygcic nq iasei~ho seif gjc tgqajk2 .Iuikisit gjc pgtsh~t g~i {imm gcvatic sh tgq gt massmigt phttanmi gnhys gtpids*.701 Aj dhjs~gts- Shcc Lmysr- gosi~ tyffg~arajkPh~si~+t vai{ ho sei ngdlk~hyjc- oh~ik~hyjc- gjc o~hjsk~hyjc ~hmit ho gtpids-

hnti~vit- .[eami seat eqphseitat egt jhs qis {hj yjavi~tgm gddipsgjdi gfhjkgyseh~asait hj sei mgjkygki ho sei Ji{ Sitsgfijs- as di~sgajmq fi~ast oy~sei~sitsajk*.770

Segs seat seih~q jiict oy~sei~ sitsajk at- A seajl- sei tgoits seajk sh tgqgs p~itijs* Sei p~hnmif {ase p~hfajijdi seih~q oh~ sijti dehadit at tafpmqseat2 ao sei~i at jhseajk imti aj dhjsius segs dhjoa~ft segs g kavij sijti {gtdehtij nq sei {~asi~ {ase p~hfajijdi aj fajc- sei~i at jh {gq sh sits seiseih~q* Hjdi {i tgq segs sei se~ii fgaj pi~tpidsavi %gtpids! oh~ft afpmqcik~iit ho k~hyjcajk- fg~licjitt- h~ p~hfajijdi- seij sei vai{ at cioajic

ajsh iuatsijdi gjc sei~i at jh {gq sh dhjoa~f h~ catdhyjs as* Nys ao sei~i g~ihsei~ ogdsh~t aj sei dhjsius segs dhjoa~f seiti cik~iit ho p~hfajijdi- seijas fgq {imm ni segs sehti ogdsh~t p~hvaci sei ngtat oh~ dhjdmytahjt gnhysp~hfajijdi ~gsei~ segj sei gtpidst(pi~tpidsavit gt tyde* Fq h{j ajdma&jgsahj- {asehys egvajk gssifpsic fyde sitsajk ho seat seih~q- at segs gjqvgmacasq as fgq egvi at fhts malimq sh gssgde sh sijti dehadit {aseaj sei aj&cadgsavi aj jg~~gsavi catdhy~ti* A egvi fgci g dg~ioym tsycq ho gmm sei pg~sa&dapmit aj Fg~l %gjc gf p~itijsmq ijkgkic aj g tafamg~ tsycq aj Myli! gjcth og~ egvi ohyjc jh ~igthj sh tytpids segs seia~ sijtit {i~i dhjtdahytmq aj&

sijcic sh afpmq mivimt ho p~hfajijdi h~ caooi~ijdit aj fg~licjitt aj gjq{gq{ase sei phttanmi iudipsahj ho g oi{ pi~oids pg~sadapmit*

?* Sei attyi ho iuikitat* Sei oajgm attyi ajvhmvic aj vi~ngm gtpids seih~qat g p~gdsadgm gjc afph~sgjs hji2 Eh{ seij tegmm {i iuikisi sei JS8 Ajpg~sadymg~- {eij as dhfit sh iupmgajajk sei figjajk ho sei K~iil vi~nt-{egs dgj {i tgq gnhys seia~ sijtit8 Gt A {amm jhsi aj fq dhjdmytahj- A oig~segs vi~ngm gtpids seih~q at jhs ~idiavajk sei gssijsahj as citi~vit gfhjksehti {ehti fajats~q migjt eigvamq hj iuikitat ho sei Td~apsy~it< A tytpids

segs hji ~igthj oh~ seat at segs as migvit iuikisit yjty~i {egs sh tgq* Fhtsdi~sgajmq- fgjq ho sei seajkt {i g~i ytic sh ~igcajk aj dhffijsg~ait gjceig~ajk p~igdei~t tgqseajkt A dhjoitt sh egvi tgac hosijg~i niajk dgmmic

705 Tamvg- .îtphjti. ;5*701 Anac* 5>*770 Shcc Lmysr- .Jglic gjc [hyjcic2 Oh~ik~hyjcajk- îmivgjdi gjc Tasygsahj aj Gdst 71*74&

>0-. aj Ph~si~ gjc îic-Catdhy~ti Gjgmqtat >?4*


20/23

99> BHY^JGM HO SEI I_GJKIMADGM SEIHMHKADGM THDAISQ

ajsh wyitsahj* Nys eimpajk yt ljh{ {egs {i dgj tgq- {ase bytsaoadgsahj- egtjhs niij kavij ijhyke gssijsahj*

Gt gm~igcq ajcadgsic- hji ho sei attyit- ei~i- at {eisei~ {i dgj catdi~j

{eq sei {~asi~ dehti sh vai{ gjq kavij gdsahj gt {ehmatsad- p~hk~ittavi- h~tsgsavi* G~i tyde dehadit ijsa~imq g~nas~g~q- h~ at sei~i ~eqfi h~ ~igthj8777

FdLgq- oh~ iugfpmi- gppig~t sh vai{ seat gt thfiseajk ho g dhjsajyyf- {asethfi dehadit .py~imq pi~thjgm %ivij dgp~adahyt!-. gjc* hsei~t .ijsa~imq tak&jaoadgjs-. nys gm{gqt .gpp~hp~agsi. aj dhjsius*77> Pi~egpt {i dgjjhs gm{gqtsimm {eq o~hf sei dhjsius gjc sei vg~ahyt p~gkfgsad ajcadgsh~t ohyjc sei~i*Nys pi~egpt {i dgj- gs safit< gjc ao {i dgj {i g~i dmhti~ sh tiiajk jhs g.fi~i. figjajk oh~ g sijti nys eh{ sei {~asi~ ytic segs sijti aj p~gdsadi*Gjc sehyke sei ajei~ijs figjajk ho sei sijtit at hji seajk %tifgjsadt!- gjc

sei {gq sei sijtit g~i yticaj catdhy~ti at gjhsei~ %p~gkfgsadt!- sei~i fgq{imm ni afpmadgsahjt ho sei hji oh~ sei hsei~* [i tehymc py~tyi nhse aj hy~tsycq ho sei sijtit*

A {hymc tykkits segs- gs safit- {i fgq ni gnmi sh tii pgssi~jt aj g kavij{~asi~+t p~gkfgsad yti ho sei sijtit ho vi~ngm oh~ft segs {amm eimp yt yjci~&tsgjc nhse {eq ei dehti segs vi~ngm gtpids gjc sei hnbidsavi jgsy~i ho seigdsahj*774 A sijc sh typph~s seat sifpi~gsi hnti~vgsahj ho Ogjjajk2 .Sei k~gf&fg~agj tehymc gssifps sh catdhvi~- gt og~ gt ei at gnmi- sei ~igthjt oh~ hjidehadi hvi~ gjhsei~*.773 Seat aj tpasi ho Tyvg+t chynst- gm~igcq jhsic- segs

acijsaoqajk sei ~igthj oh~ sei yti~+t dehadi ho sijti {amm pmgq g takjaoadgjs~hmi aj iuikitat2779 .Jh ~igthjgnmi {~asi~ {hymc tiil sh iup~itt g fgbh~phajs nq migjajk hj g tynsmi k~gffgsadgm catsajdsahjitpidagmmq ao as at gphajs jhs hsei~{ati dmig~ o~hf sei {ehmi dhjsius %gjc ao as at dmig~ o~hf seidhjsius- seij sei k~gffgsadgm tynsmisq pmgqt gs nits g tidhjcg~q ~hmi ajiuikitat!*.77? Tdefacs at fh~i sifpi~gsi2 .Nq ast vi~q jgsy~i tynbidsavidehadi at thfiseajk {i dgjjhs gm{gqt iupmgaj.gjc .jhs gm{gqt. at g og~d~q o~hf .jivi~*.77;

Sei thmysahj sh sei p~hnmif ho {egs {i tegmm tgq aj iuikitat ho sei sijtit

mait pg~smq aj liipajk sei ajei~ijs figjajk ho sei sijtit catsajds o~hf seia~p~gkfgsad ytit |Glsahjtg~s dgsikh~ait! aj dhjsius- gjc pg~smq aj g fh~i dg~i&oym {h~cajk ho dhffijst* Gt [gmmgdi iup~ittit as- .Dgsikh~ait ho ytgki g~imikasafgsi nidgyti sei sijtit dhfnaji {ase hsei~ majkyatsad oigsy~it sh oh~f

777 Ph~si~-_i~ngm Gtpids55- ajtatst segs .tynbidsavi dehadi. at jhs .{ehmmq g~nas~g~q*. Ogjjajk-_i~ngm Gtpids43- acijsaoait {ase sei vai{ segs .\aVj fhts ytit ho sei gtpidst sei tpigli~+t dehadiat ~its~adsic nq hsei~ ogdsh~t- ajdmycajk sei iusi~jgm ogdst ho sei hddy~~ijdi- gjc gt g ~ityms sei

maji nis{iij sei +tynbidsavi+ gtpidst gjc sei +hnbidsavi+ Glsahjtg~s at g vi~q omyac hji*.77> FdLgq-Tqjsgu >5*774 Sehyke niqhjc sei tdhpi ho seat g~sadmi- A nimaivi A egvi catdi~jic tyde pgssi~jt aj fgjq

ho Fg~l+t dehadit ho sijtit oh~ pg~sadapmit- oh~ iugfpmi*773 Ogjjajk-_i~ngm Gtpids94*779 Tamvg- .^itphjti. ;5*77? Tamvg-Mgjkygki gjc Td~apsy~i 779* Sei ijsa~i catdyttahj at pi~sajijs- itpidagmmq sei dhj&

dmycajk pg~gk~gpe %p* 775!*77; Tdefacs- ._i~ngm Gtpids. ;>*


21/23


vg~ahyt oaimct ho figjajk*.775

Seat dhfnajgsahj ho gmm ogdsh~t ajvhmvicmiuat-vhadi- sijti- gjc dhjsiusCidli~ eimpoymmq dgmmt sei .vi~ngm dhfpmiu*.

771

Dg~thj fglit iudimmijs hnti~vgsahjt hj seat phajs2 .Byts gt sei figjajk

ho g {h~c aj gjq dhjsius at itsgnmateic aj pg~s nq sei tis ho ~imgsahjt segs{h~c ijsi~t ajsh {ase ast dhjsius- th gmth sei figjajk ho g sijti aj gjq dhj&sius at itsgnmateic aj pg~s nq sei tis ho ~imgsahjt segs sijti ijsi~t ajsh {aseast dhjsius*.

7>0îoi~~ajk- oh~ iugfpmi- sh sei phttanamasq segs aj

Ein 77274 at g .dhjtsgsavi gh~ats-. ei jhsit2 .Sei mgnim dhjtsgsavi gh~ats atjhs figjs sh dhjviq sei ~itymst ho fh~pehmhkadgm ajoh~fgsahj- h~ ivij ho ti&fgjsad ajoh~fgsahj nh~ji iudmytavimq nq sei gh~ats sijti * ** nys ho tifgjsadajoh~fgsahj nh~ji nq sei gh~ats sijti vi~n aj ast ~imgsahjteap {ase sei ~itsho seat pg~sadymg~ dhjsius*.

7>7Pi~egpt as {hymc ni ivij nissi~ sh tgq segs

seat gh~ats vi~n %jhs ast sijti!- aj dhjsius- gppig~t sh ni dhjtsgsavi< gmm seitgfi- as at gj gh~ats vi~n segs at dhjtsgsavi*

Ogjjajk- tyffg~arajk sei figjajk ho sei gh~ats- tgqt2 .Seat +iusi~jgm-tyffg~arajk+ vai{phajs dhjdi~jajk sei hddy~~ijdi at {egs at ajvg~agjs ajsei figjajk ho sei gh~ats astimo* Hsei~ jygjdit ho figjajk* * * dhfi o~hfdhfnajgsahjt ho sei gh~ats {ase sei miuadgm jgsy~i ho sei vi~n h~ o~hf hsei~oigsy~it ho sei dhjsius*.

7>>FdLgq py~phtit sh kavi .p~iifajijdi sh sei oymm

gpp~idagsahj ho dhjsius- {eade at sei fh~i afph~sgjs nidgyti sei dehadi hogtpids at ittijsagmmq tijtasavi sh dhjsius*.

7>4Cidli~ ammyts~gsit eh{ sh tsgsi

iuikisadgm dhjdmytahjt {ase Fg~l 7247 gjc sei afpi~oids ajcadgsavi dmgyti %.gjc ei {gt fajatsi~ajk sh seif.!2 .Aj seat dhjsius seidhfnajgsahj ho afpi~oidsavi gtpids {ase sei miuat ho * * * gjc seidhjsiusygm oigsy~it * * * shkisei~ citd~ani gj asi~gsavi tasygsahj*.

7>3[eisei~

eat dhjdmytahj at dh~~ids h~ jhs- eat {gq ho iup~ittajk sei iuikisadgm ~itymsat sh ni ~idhffijcic*

7>9

A_* AJ DHJDMYTAHJ- [EIÎ GÎ [I8

Aj kiji~gm- sei 7111 ivgmygsahj ho sei tasygsahj nq Bioo~iq îic fgq tsammehmc2 .Sei cingsi at og~ o~hf hvi~- gjc p~itijsmq sei~i g~i iuikisit o~hf gmmse~ii tdehhmt ho sehykes %sifph~gm- Glsahjtg~s- gtpids!- gjc thfi {ase fauicdgsikh~ait* Sei phajs- eh{ivi~- at segs sei ajsi~p~isgsahj ho sijtioh~ft gtsifph~gm ciauat at catpysic*.

7>?L* M* FdLgq at fh~i hpsafatsad segs as .jh{

7 7 5

[gmmgdi- Ngtadt>7?*7 7 1

Cidli~- Sifph~gm Ciauat>;*7 > 0

Dg~thj- Ogmmgdait;7* Sei ijsa~i tidsahj hj sijtit- pp* ?;;4- at ajts~ydsavi*7 > 7

Anac* ;>*7 > > Ogjjajk- _i~ngm Gtpids 1;< ei fglit tafamg~ hnti~vgsahjt %pp* 704- 771- 7>0! oh~ sei hsei~

gtpidst*7 > 4

FdLgq- Tqjsgu4;*7 > 3

Cidli~- Sifph~gm Ciauat>;*7 > 9

Sei vi~n fakes gt igtamq ni ajdipsavi- oh~ iugfpmi< A gf egmo{gq dhjvajdic segs Fg~l+t af&

pi~oidst fhts hosij tafpmq ajcadgsi sei jius seajk segs s~gjtpa~ic2 .gjc tei p~hdiicic sh fajatsi~

sh seif.sehyke segs fgq aj thfi tijti ni ajdipsavi*7 > ?

Bioo~iq S* îic- .Sei Dheitavijitt hoCatdhy~ti2 Sh{g~ct g Fhcim ho Majkyatsad D~asi~ag oh~Gjgmqrajk Ji{ Sitsgfijs Catdhy~ti-. aj Ph~si~ gjc îic- Catdhy~ti Gjgmqtat 41*


22/23


gppig~t sh ni di~sgajmq sei dgti- segs sei ajomiuahjt ho sei gjdaijs K~iilvi~n takjgm gtpids %gt {imm gt vhadi gjc fhhc! nys jhs safi*.7>; Fq afp~it&tahj at segs eat ivgmygsahj at dmhti~ sh sei p~itijs tasygsahj*

Hji ho fq dhjdi~jt- eh{ivi~- at segs sei ji{ pg~gcakf at jhs ~idiavajksei {acitp~igc gssijsahj- h~ sitsajk- A seajl as citi~vit- gjc catdyttahj ho seicaooi~ajk vai{phajst gnhys vi~ngm gtpids at mafasic sh gj imasi oi{* Aj p~ipg&~gsahj oh~ gj ig~mai~ vi~tahj ho seat pgpi~ A dhjcydsic g n~aio- ajoh~fgm i&fgamty~viq ho sigdei~t ho Ajsi~ficagsi JS K~iil gs timidsic- gdd~icasic Nanmidhmmikit* Sei ~itymst %o~hf 79 ~itphjcajk! {i~i yjtdaijsaoad gjc dgjjhs pht&tanmq tpigl oh~ sigdei~t ho JS K~iil aj kiji~gm- nys seiq g~i ajsi~itsajk*G{g~ijitt ho vi~ngm gtpids seih~q vg~aic dhjtaci~gnmq- gt {hymc ni iupidsic-sehyke oymmq egmo ajcadgsic segs seiq lji{ vi~q massmi- ao gjqseajk- gnhys sei

attyit gjc segs sei fgssi~t g~i shh sidejadgm h~ afp~gdsadgm oh~ seia~ tsy&cijst* [ei~i sei caooi~ijdit {i~i yjci~tshhc- sei~i {gt gmfhts yjgjafhyttypph~s oh~ sei vai{t ho Ogjjajk gkgajts Ph~si~- nq sei {gq< g fgbh~asq hoseif {i~i ytajk [gmmgdi+t sius- {eami jhji {i~i ytajk Ph~si~+t Acahft h~FdLgq+t Tqjsgu*

Seiti ~itymst- ajcadgsavi h~ jhs- g~i catgpphajsajk* Aj fq vai{- sei dhf&fyjasq ho nanmadgm tdehmg~teap- ajdmycajk sigdei~t ho JS K~iil- jiict shk~gppmi {ase sei afpmadgsahjt ho sei ji{ pg~gcakf gjc fhvi sh{g~c dhj&oa~fajk- ~ibidsajk- h~gt A sijc sh seajl~ioajajk as* Ao sei .nig~ajk. ho

seiti attyit hj iuikitat .dgjjhs igtamq ni hvi~itsafgsic5 Sehyke fgjq ho yt fgq jhs ni gnmi sh {iakesei majkyatsadt seih~q ajvhmvic- {i dgj sits gppmadgsahj ho sei seih~q sh seiJS gjc ivgmygsi eh{ {imm as oast*7>1 A chyns segs Dg~thj egt hvi~tsgsic seidgti {eij ei tgqt- .O~hf jh{ hj- s~igsfijst ho sei vi~ngm tqtsif ho Ji{Sitsgfijs K~iil segs ch jhs p~hnajkmq ajsi~gds {ase Ph~si~ gjc Ogjjajk{amm ~ymi seiftimvit hysfhcic*.740

A nimaivi sei ji{ gpp~hgde jiict sh ni sitsic aj cisgam- itpidagmmq nq tqj&

de~hjad %~gsei~ segj cagde~hjad!- ajcydsavi tsycait*747

Gt Ph~si~ hnti~vic gt~idijsmq gt 711?- sei ji{ seih~q at .kgajajk k~igsmq aj ajomyijdi-. nys ast.afpmadgsahjt egvi hjmq ng~imq niij shydeic yphj*.74> Cidli~ hnti~vit segscatdyttahj egt niij fhtsmq .gs sei seih~isadgm mivim. gjc seij dhffijst hjsei jiic sh sits Ph~si~*744

7>; FdLgq- .Safi gjc Gtpids. >01* Tyntiwyijsmq %p* >>?! ei hnti~vit segs .sei gtpidsygmmq ci&si~fajic oh~ft g~i pg~s ho sei dhjsius- th seiq dgjjhs ni catfattic gt fglajk jh phttanmi dhj&s~anysahj sh sei sifph~gm iooidst*.

7>5 Dg~thj- .Ajs~hcydsahj sh Ph~si~(Ogjjajk. >>*7>1 Ajciic- A {hymc mali sh tii gs migts gj ajoh~fgm dhjth~sayf ho sigdei~t ho K~iil {h~lajk

shkisei~ aj thfi dhh~cajgsic {gq sh ch byts seat* A- oh~ hji- gf sitsajk as aj ~ioi~ijdi sh pg~sada&pmit aj Fg~l gjc Myli* Eh{ {imm sei seih~q .oast. at sei liq2 Cidli~-Sifph~gm Ciauat ?7 gdljh{m&ickit segs .\cVa~ids p~hho oh~ tyde g p~hphtgm at jhs phttanmi cyi sh sei jgsy~i ho sei seih~q*.

740 Dg~thj- .Ajs~hcydsahj sh Ph~si~(Ogjjajk. >9*747 Oh~ seat catsajdsahj- tii Ph~si~- .Cioijdi. 34* Tii gmth Tamvg-Mgjkygki gjc Td~apsy~i 34- oh~

cioajasahj gjc afph~sgjdi*74> Ph~si~-Tsycait 73 gjc 3 %~itpidsavimq!*744 Cidli~- Sifph~gm Ciauat >*


23/23


Nq {gq ho gjgmhkq- {i egvi mig~jic segs caooi~ijs gyseh~t aj sei JS fgqyti vhdgnymg~q {ase thfi{egs caooi~ijs jygjdit- gjc sei~ioh~i segs seifigjajk ho g {h~c- aj g kavij pmgdi- cipijct jhs hjmq hj ast ytygm figjajk

nys gmth hj sei {gq sei gyseh~ ytit as{aseaj sei o~gfi{h~l ho g .tifgjsad~gjki. ho phttanamasait- ho dhy~ti* Bgfit Ng~~- oh~ hji- egt sgykes yt seat* 743

As ts~alit fi segs sei tgfi seajk {amm malimq gppmq sh sei {gqt gyseh~t ytisei K~iil sijtit* Sei ji{ pg~gcakf- A sgli as- egt itsgnmateic segs sei aj&ei~ijs figjajk ho sei sijtit ajcadgsit vi~ngm gtpids h~ pi~tpidsavi* Nys astiift malimq sh fi- nhse g p~ah~a gjc o~hf fq ~igcajk ho sei K~iil JS- segsvg~ahyt {~asi~t yticsehti sijtit- {ase seia~ pi~tpidsavit- aj gs migts tynsmqcaooi~ijs {gqt* A seajl segs {i fyts ohdyt hj eh{ Fg~lytit sei afpi~oids-oh~ iugfpmi- h~ hj eh{ Bhej ytit sei pi~oids- h~ hj eh{ sei sijtit g~i ytic

aj vg~ahyt lajct ho masi~gsy~i aj sei JS* As fgq sy~j hys segs Myli gjcFgssei{ ch jhs egvi p~idatimq sei tgfi vi~ngm .gtpidst. aj fajc {eij seiqyti sei sijtit- h~ segs Pgym at tynsmq caooi~ijs o~hf nhse* Oy~sei~fh~i- Aseajl seat fyts ajvhmvi g caooi~ijs tsycq oh~ igde ho sei vi~ngm oh~ft- oajasigjc ajoajasi* Eh{ ch sei {~asi~t yti sei sijtit oh~ pg~sadapmit- oh~ iugfpmi-h~ oh~ sei tynbyjdsavi8 A {hymc jhs ni ty~p~atic sh mig~j segs sei .figjajk.ho g sijti dgjjhs ni dmigjmq cavh~dic o~hf sei fhci ho ast yti* Tamvg- gmhjktafamg~ majit- dhffijst hj sei caooadymsq ho ~icydajk g kavij gtpids sh hjiajvg~agjs figjajk gjc tpiglt ho sei gssijsahj segs jiict sh ni kavij sh sei

p~ioi~ijdit ho ajcavacygm yti~t*749

Mali {h~ct- gtpidst g~i ytic aj dhfnajg&sahj {ase hsei~ dhjsiusygm oigsy~it gjc tehymc ni tsycaic aj segs makes* 74?

Fhts k~gffg~agjt egvi niij mhhlajk gs sei attyit hj sei {ehmi< A seajl{i fyts jh{ ohdyt hj sei pg~st gt g {gq ho sitsajk gjc omiteajk hys seingtad seih~q* Seat egt sh ni chji g massmi gs g safi- gjc dhfpg~gsavimq massmiegt qis niij chji* Cidli~- oh~ iugfpmi- egt s~igsic vi~nt aj sei Khtpim hoFg~l- ohdytajk p~afg~amq hj oajasi vi~nt- itpidagmmq sei ajcadgsavi*74; Ao {idg~~q hys tyde tsycait dg~ioymmq gjc hnbidsavimq- {i dgj nhse sits gjc ~ioajidy~~ijs vai{t gnhys sei figjajk ho sei K~iil sijtit*

743 Bgfit Ng~~-Sei Tifgjsadt ho Nanmadgm Mgjkygki %Huoh~c Huoh~c Yjavi~tasq P~itt- 71?7!749 Tamvg- .^itphjti. ;1- do Dg~thj-Ogmmgdait ;774? Tii Ogjjajk-_i~ngmGtpids37- 90- 53- 59- 719- isd - oh~ eat catsajdsahj nis{iij gtpids s~igsic

cioajasahjgmmq gjc oyjdsahjgmmq< {eami thfi %ajdmycajk Ph~si~! seajl ei dhjoytit gtpids gjc Gl&sahjtg~s- as gppig~t segs ei dmig~mq cioajit gjc ~itpidst sei caooi~ijdi- gs migts gs sei seih~isadgmmivim

74; Cidli~-Sifph~gm Ciauat- aj gccasahj sh eat oymm gjc eimpoym jhsit- ei gmth matst %pp uav&uv!tivi~gm tpidagm tsycait nq hsei~t

Documents

The Meaning of the Tenses in New Testament Greek- Where Are We? Robert E. Picirilli