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Qualities of Fascism• Extreme loyalty to
one’s country• Total obedience to
the country’s leader• Harsh punishments
for those who speak out against the govt.
• “Glory” of the Country (state over the individual)
Fascism in Italy• Benito Mussolini• Italy’s economy was
weak=unemployment • People wanted a
stronger leader that would take action
• Used intimidation tactics (fasci di cambattimento or Blackshirts) w/ unemployed veterans
Fascism in Germany• Adolf Hitler & The
Nazi Party• German economy
was weak• Skyrocketing
unemployment• Nazi party came as a
reaction to Germany’s treatment after WWI (Treaty of Versailles)
Fascism in Germany
• Promised to revive Germany’s economy
• Promised to return lands Germany lost in WWI
• Used rallies to inspire awe and allegiance
• Paramilitary storm troopers or “Brownshirts” intimidate other parties
Impacts on Germany & Italy
• Totalitarian dictator for a leader (Hitler) ‘der Führer’
• Used ‘secret police’ to scare / enforce laws (Brownshirts)
• Revived economy through re-militarization
• Totalitarian dictator for a leader (Mussolini) ‘il Duce’
• Used ‘secret police’ to scare / enforce laws (Blackshirts)
• Revived economy through re-militarization
Nazi Germany’s Aggression
• Wanted to “free” German inhabited areas and make them part of Germany again.
• Hitler wanted more land for Germany (Lebensraum) in Poland, Ukraine and Soviet Union.
1st Move = Germany takes the “Rhineland”
• Rhineland was a De-Militarized Zone between Germany & France
• Supposed to be a “buffer” between France & Germany
• France’s reaction = Appeasement-giving in to an aggressive nation to keep peace
2nd Move = Unite Germany & Austria
• Hitler sends his armies into Austria and annexes as part of Germany
• 2nd & 1st Move = Violation of the Versailles Peace Treaty
• Great Britain, France, USA busy w/ Depression
3rd Move = Hitler Seizes the Sudetenland
• 3 million Germans in the Sudetenland (Northern Czechoslovakia)
• Munich Conference = England / France give in to Hitler/Mussolini (Appeasement)!
• “Third Reich” = Hitler’s German Empire
• League of Nations?
Italy’s Aggression
• Invades Ethiopia in 1935 and Albania in 1939.
• Teams up with Germany in 1937 to bomb civilians in Spanish Civil War (Fascist Franco)
• League of Nations?
Japan’s Aggression
• Japan wanted Asian Empire (Asia for Asiatics)
• “Militarists” take control of Japan (military govt.)
• Japan’s needs:– Natural resources (Oil)– New markets
(industrialized economy)– More land (rising
population while US bans Asian immigration)