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Fascism & Totalitarianism World Wars Unit

Fascism & Totalitarianism

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Page 1: Fascism & Totalitarianism

Fascism&Totalitarianism

WorldWarsUnit

Page 2: Fascism & Totalitarianism

•  SSWH18Examinethemajorpoli5calandeconomicfactorsthatshapedworldsocie5esbetweenWorldWarIandWorldWarII.

•  18b.DescribetheriseoffascisminEuropeandAsiabycomparingthepoliciesofBenitoMussoliniinItaly,AdolfHitlerinGermany,andHirohitoinJapan.

•  •  18c.Describethenatureoftotalitarianismandthepolicestate

thatexistedintheSovietUnion,Germany,andItalyandhowtheydifferfromauthoritariangovernments.

•  18d.ExplaintheaggressionandconflictleadingtoWorldWarIIinEuropeandAsia;includetheItalianinvasionofEthiopia,theSpanishCivilWar,theRapeofNanjinginChina,andtheGermanviola5onoftheTreatyofVersailles.

Page 3: Fascism & Totalitarianism

Fascism

•  Fascismisagovernmentalsystemledbyadictatorhavingcompletepower,forciblysuppressingopposi5onandcri5cism,regimen5ngallindustry,commerce,etc.,andemphasizinganaggressivena5onalismandoTenracism.

•  BeganinItalyunderMussoliniin1919&spreadtoGermanyunderHitler&JapanunderTojo

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Fascism

Page 5: Fascism & Totalitarianism

Fascism

•  InItaly,Germany,&Japan,fascistregimescameoutofdemocra5cstatesineconomiccrisis

•  Democra5cgovernmentswereunabletosolvetheeconomicissues

•  Eachna5onwaseitherhumiliatedbytheTreatyofVersaillesordidnotreceivelanditthoughtitshouldresul5ngfromthetreaty

Page 6: Fascism & Totalitarianism

FascisminItaly

•  Socialunrestinthe1920’swascausedbyrisingunemployment&infla5on

•  Socialist&CommunistPar5esgainedinfluencecausingfearamongthemiddle&upperclasses

•  Mussolini’sfascistpartywonsupportfromthemiddle&upperclasseswhenhisBlackShirts(thugs)a^ackedCommunists&Socialistsinthestreets

•  1922:30,000fascistsmarchedonRome&forcedthekingtonameMussoliniprimeminister

Page 7: Fascism & Totalitarianism

FascisminItaly

•  FascistswereabletocontrolParliament&gavealmostcompleteauthoritytoMussolini(whobecameknownas“IlDuce”or“theleader”)

•  Hebuiltatotalitarianregimewhichcontrolledallaspectsofpublic&privatelife

Page 8: Fascism & Totalitarianism

Characteris7csofFascisminItaly

•  Democracyabolished•  Opposi5onpoli5calpar5esbanned•  Opponentsjailed•  Limitedspeech•  Censorshipofthepress•  Outlawedstrikes•  Intensepropagandatomaintainobedienceofci5zens

•  Improvedinfrastructure,industry,&literacy

Page 9: Fascism & Totalitarianism

FascisminGermany•  HitlerhatedthewayGermanywastreatedbytheAlliesintheTreatyVersaillesaTerWWI&formedtheNaziPartyin1919thentriedacoup(BeerHallPutsch)totakeovergovernmentwhichfailed

•  Whileinprisonhewrote“MeinKampf”aboutweaknessofdemocracy&communism,restoringGermanpride/prosperitythroughanultra-na5onalistdictatorship,buildingastrongmilitary,expandingterritory,superiorityofthe“Aryan”race

Page 10: Fascism & Totalitarianism

FascisminGermany

•  SimilartoMussolini,Hitler’sNazi“BrownShirts”usedthreats/violencetowinpoli5calinfluence

•  Also,similartoItaly,middle&upperclassci5zenssupportedtheNazisforopposingcommunism

•  Again,similartoItaly,Hitlerwasnamedchancellor&wasabletogainamajorityintheReichstag(Germanlegislature)whichgavehimcompletecontrol.

•  Thesamecharacteris5csoftotalitarianismappliedtoNaziGermanyasinItalyunderMussolini

Page 11: Fascism & Totalitarianism

FascisminJapan

•  Oligarchyofmilitaryleaders(Tojowasthestrongest)ruledJapanwithsupportoftheemperor

•  Civilgovernmentdidnothavecontroloverthemilitarysomilitaryleaderswereabletotakeoverthecivilgovernmentbecauseofthepooreconomyin1929

•  1931:militaryinvadedManchuriawithoutcivilgovernmentsupport&Tojobecameprimeministerin1941

Page 12: Fascism & Totalitarianism

FascisminJapan

•  Militaris5cna5onalismlikeGermany&Italysupportedthenewregime

•  Na5onalismalsosupportedbyreligiousmovementofStateShintowhichgavetheregimearacebasedpoli5calideologysimilartoGermany—JapanesethoughttheywereamasterAsianracedes5nedtoruleAsia

•  RegimewaslargelysuccessfulbecauseofsuccessindealingwiththeGreatDepression

Page 13: Fascism & Totalitarianism

Totalitarianism

•  18c.DescribethenatureoftotalitarianismandthepolicestatethatexistedintheSovietUnion,Germany,andItalyandhowtheydifferfromauthoritariangovernments.

Page 14: Fascism & Totalitarianism

Totalitarianism•  Totalitarianismisasystemofgovernmentthatcontrolsallaspectsofpublicandprivatelife

•  TotalitarianismexistedinGermany,Italy,&theSovietUnion

•  3MainCharacteris5cs:•  1.extensivenetworkofpublic&secretpolice•  2.staterunpropagandanetworkscontrollingflowofinforma5on&builtpowerfulcultsofpersonalityaroundleaders

•  3.lawsthatalloweddictatorialrule&limitedcivilliber5es

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Totalitarianvs.Authoritarian

•  Whileauthoritarianregimesplaceallofthepowerintoasingledictatororgroup,thatpowerisonlypoli7cal.

•  Withintotalitarianregimes,theleadershipcontrolsnearlyallaspectsofthestatefromeconomicaltopoli7caltosocialandcultural.Totalitarianregimescontrolscience,educa7on,artandprivatelivesofresidentstothedegreeofdicta7onpropermorality.Thereachofthegovernmentislimitless.