THE MAMMALIAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

  Air enters the respiratory system through the or the .

Particles that enter through the nose are filtered by the and the .

The nasal cavities also and the air as it enters

The mouth and the nasal cavities join at the .

mouthnasal passages

tiny hairs mucus

warm

pharynx

moisten

-->Respirtion Overview Clip

Two openings branch from the pharynx: (windpipe) and the (food tube)

The trachea also has a filtering system; and , (microscopic hairs that sweep particles up and out)

To prevent the trachea from collapsing, it is made out of . 

tracheaesophagus

mucuscilia

cartilage rings

MUCUS

--> The enlarged portion of the trachea is called the

_____ (voice box) and it supports the which is a flap that covers the trachea when we swallow our food (prevents choking). The epiglottis ensures that the food is pushed down into the proper tube which is the .

 What happens when our epiglottis doesn’t close when we swallow our food or drink? .

larynxepiglottis

esophagus

We choke!

The larynx is at the top of the trachea and contains 2 thins sheets of elastic ligaments called the ___ . The air vibrates as it is forced through these cords which produces sound A thick band of cartilage that protects the larynx is called the __________________

Before the larynx is the opening of the trachea and it is called the .

When the vocal cords become inflamed and you temporarily lose your voice, it is known as .

Vocal Cords video

vocal cords

Adam’s apple

glottis

laryngitis

Fun Facts!

-Following puberty, the cartilage and larynx of males increase in size and thickness. The larger voice box produces a deeper sound.

-Adolescent boys have trouble controlling the pitch of their voice due to rapid growth of the voice box

-Ever notice that you voice lowers when you have a cold? This is caused by inflammation of the vocal cords which causes swelling and produces lower-frequency vibrations.

After the trachea the air moves into the two which is also have cartilage rings.

The bronchi than branch into tinier airways called , these do not contain cartilage

The air moves into tiny sacs called and are surrounded by .

The alveoli are the site of .

bronchi

bronchioles

alveolicapillaries

gas exchange

__________ Moves form the lungs into the alveoli and than into the capillaries, ____ is exchanged at the exact same time from the capillaries into the alveoli and than into the lungs where it is exhales.

Each lung contains alveoli and provides enough surface area and than into the lungs where it is exhaled.

To reduce friction between the lungs and the chest cavity exists a thin membrane called the , these membranes contain a space that are fluid filled

OxygenCO2

150 million

pleural membrane

Is the inflammation of the pleural membranes and the build up of fluids in the chest cavity, it is caused when the 2 membranes rub together and is normally caused by .

Each lung is divided into lobes. The right lung has 3 lobes and the left has 2 to accommodate the heart.

Pleurisy

Pneumonia, Smoking & Emphysema

PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER (UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT)Nostrils/mouth Pharynx Glottis Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli

(LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT)  

Homework

-Read Section 8.2 pg 256-259 -Breath of Life Questions