The Long Road - rmp-nmr.org 3LR.pdf · Presidential Decree that says Marawi is a military reservation. For those who did return, ... military airstrikes and Martial Law declaration

This report is published by the Kalinaw Mindanao Network.

Kalinaw Mindanao is an interfaith network that was formed after then-President Estrada declared an all-out war in Central Mindanao in 2000. It also responded to the crisis caused by the eruption of violence after the failure of the MOA-BJE under the Arroyo government in 2005.

In northern Mindanao, RMP-NMR works as the secretariat of Kalinaw Mindanao with contact details below:

RMP-NMR Inc Room 310, 3rd Floor, Diocesan Centrum, Salvador Lluch St Poblacion, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines T/F: +63 (63) 303 1595 Mobile: +63 917 100 9280 E: [email protected] W: www.rmp-nmr.org

Report of the International Interfaith Humanitarian Mission 3.0

The Long Road to Justice

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Introduction

Kalinaw Mindanao’s Interfaith Humanitarian Mission

Chronology of the IIHM

The Findings

Relief and Medical Mission

Accountability and Justice

Marawi Evacuees to Be Permanently Displaced Persons

Rehabilitation for Whom?

International Solidarity

Recommendations

Participating Organizations

Contents

The Long Road to Justice |

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hen Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte declared on October 17, 2017 the

“liberation” of Marawi City from ISIS-inspired groups that signaled the halting of the military airstrikes, residents who were forcibly displaced hoped that this will also signal their immediate return to their communities.

However, not even nearly half of evacuees have returned to their homes due to government’s restriction such as not allowing civilians to go back at areas declared as ground zero, requiring an ID system based on voter’s registration, requiring land titles and imposing the Presidential Decree that says Marawi is a military reservation. For those who did return, they were devastated at how their homes were destroyed by military airstrikes and looted by both the ISIS-inspired groups and the Philippine Military.

WIntroduction To the detriment of the internally

displaced persons (IDPs), the government’s rehabilitation program is perceived to exclude the residents with no assurances of them getting back to their lands and instead concentrated more on enticing big businesses to invest to Duterte’s plan of turning Marawi into a tourist hub in the South.

Behind the rubbles are residents who ask who should be held accountable for the destruction and looting of their homes, mosques, church, schools and the whole of Marawi City. Behind the shouts for joy of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) are residents who cry for justice against the abuses by state forces during their five months battle with the Maute and other ISIS-inspired groups and with Marawi City and the whole Mindanao under Martial Law.

COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF. President Rodrigo Duterte talks to troops in Marawi City on August 24, 2017. Malacañang photo

Report of the International Interfaith Humanitarian Mission 3.0 |

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Kalinaw Mindanao is a coalition of faith-based, human rights, and service-oriented institutions, organizations, and concerned individuals that is calling for peace and an end to all-out war policy against the people of Mindanao. Previous Kalinaw Mindanao missions included responses to the All-Out War during President Joseph Estrada’s administration, the post-MOA-AD (spell out please) crisis under Arroyo, and the botched raid in Mamasapano under Aquino.

On May 23, 2017 the Islamic City of Marawi in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) has become the battleground between the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and the ISIS-inspired local terrorist group Maute/Dawla Islamiya as a result of the AFP’s military raid on local terrorists. Escalation of the fighting gave President Rodrigo Duterte the impetus to declare Martial Law in Mindanao.

Since June 2017, Kalinaw Mindanao has led a national interfaith humanitarian mission to the victims of the Marawi siege in the hope of providing a venue for the victims to tell their stories on what caused the siege and report violations of their civil and political rights and their collective rights as national minorities whose rights as people were undermined in the course of President Duterte’s all-out war against terrorists.

Atrocities committed by the military and the Maute/Dawlah Islamiya group were the highlight of the first mission. Women evacuees also reported abuses from the military in the form of a “rape joke” mimicking President Duterte’s statements to the military. Most of the mission delegates were also harassed and intimidated by the military at the checkpoints.

In the second national interfaith humanitarian mission (NIHM), there was a surge of evacuees participating in the mission. The Maranaw evacuees formed the group Tindeg Ranao (Rise Up People of Lanao) which became their platform to forward their rights, hold the government accountable for the destruction of Marawi, fight for justice to the victims of military airstrikes, call for a stop to the implementation of Martial law and impress upon the government the need for a pro-people and sustainable rehabilitation program.

The formation of Tindeg Ranao has emboldened the evacuees to hold protest rallies in Iligan City calling for a stop to military airstrikes and the extension of Martial Law in Mindanao.

Kalinaw Mindanao’s Interfaith Humanitarian Mission


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The second NIHM has accounted 309 cases of human rights violations which include extra-judicial killings, death due to indiscriminate bombardment, illegal arrest, destruction and divestment of properties and threat, harassment and intimidation.

One of the highlights of the mission was the case of Arafat Lala, a mechanic who was reported missing by his wife and was only seen on national TV paraded by the military as a member of the Maute group. His wife, Noraidah, was accompanied by mission members to look for her husband by asking the military assigned in their evacuation center. The soldiers confirmed they had Arafat but withheld information where he was detained.

Through relief and medical missions, Kalinaw Mindanao was able to reach almost 5,000 evacuees in more than 20 evacuation centers in Iligan City, Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur and unearth the unpreparedness and limited capacity of the government to provide services to the internally displaced persons. Through psychosocial intervention, the mission reached out to more than 500 women and children who suffered trauma due to the siege.

Through interviews and dialogues, the mission participants were able to ferret the truth behind the government’s drive against the ISIS-inspired groups and its impact to the internally displaced residents and to the groups that help them. The interaction also led to the victims’ clamor to form an organization that will forward their rights, their fight for government’s accountability for the destruction of their community and their indemnification.

In the third interfaith humanitarian mission to Marawi, delegates from people’s organizations from USA, Canada, Australia, Africa, Europe and other Asian countries under the Bayan USA Peace Mission and the International Coalition for Human Rights in the Philippines, responded to the call to bring in relief, medical and to document reports of human rights violations and situation of Maranaw evacuees thus transforming the third NIHM into an international mission, and named it ‘International Interfaith Humanitarian Mission’ or IIHM.

The mission was held right after the ASEAN Meeting and East Asia Summit hosted by President Duterte in Manila. In one of the meetings, East Asia governments have lauded the President’s response to the Marawi siege and firmed up more support for even stricter security measures to “confront terrorism” in the region. This raises alarm at how the victims of human rights violations in Marawi and the whole of Mindanao due to the military airstrikes and Martial Law declaration will find justice.


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The IIHM that took place on November 15-17 in Iligan City and Lanao del Sur aimed to serve at least 2,000 IDPs, help empower and organize survivors and victims of internal displacements and all-out war in Marawi, document and collate the human rights situation in Marawi, express interfaith solidarity and unity with IDPs and other victims of human rights violations, and formulate recommendations on how to address the rehabilitation of communities impacted by all-out war in Marawi.

The mission was also held as the initial rehabilitation programs were presented by the Philippine government notably favoring foreign and local investors and loaded with foreign loans. With two international lending companies - World Bank and Asian Development Bank - taking the lead in planning the city’s reconstruction combined with President Duterte’s Build Build Build program, rehabilitation efforts are directed towards gaining profit from the war and devastation rather than to bring back Marawi residents.

More than 250 international and local delegates of the International Interfaith Humanitarian Mission gathered at the Philippine Independent Church (IFI) at Bgy. Lapasan in Cagayan de Oro City on November 15 for a general orientation, a forum on the updates of the situation in Marawi City and a press conference announcing the objectives of the mission. In the afternoon, the mission travelled to Iligan City and was separated into groups to conduct the four components of the missions in three evacuation centers – Tambacan, Baraas, Lomondot.

On November 16, the mission delegates were again divided into two groups to service two evacuation centers in Saguiaran, Lanao del Sur – Bgy. Bubong and Pantao Raya. At the Bubong evacuation center, the mission delegates met the wife of Arafat Lala who gave an update that his husband was detained at Camp Bagong Diwa in Taguig City.

Chronology of the IIHM


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A separate group also visited the boundary of Marawi City and Saguiaran where the transitional houses were being built by a Korean construction firm.

In the afternoon, the mission delegates were met by Tindeg Ranao in an interfaith solidarity rally at the Post Office in Iligan City.

An interview with the local government of Marawi City was scheduled also in the afternoon in Iligan City to get updates on the rehabilitation efforts in the city. However, due to pressing problems the representative was not able to meet with the delegation.

Adding to the 309 cases documented by the Kalinaw Mindanao in the previous missions are 56 cases of human rights violations perpetrated by the Philippine military in the course of almost five months of military operations in Marawi City.

The two-day mission was able to document cases of indiscriminate firing (5), illegal arrest (6), threat, harassment and intimidation (16), destruction of property (48), violation of domicile (8) and divestment of property or looting (9).

At least 57 individuals reported to having lost P56,359,650 worth of their properties due to military airstrikes and looting of soldiers in Marawi City. Most of the evacuees interviewed were from areas categorized as “ground zero” by the military, and thus off-limits to the evacuees. The areas include Lumbac Marinaut, Marinaut East, Lilod Madaya, Lumbac Madaya, Tolali, Makilala, Moncado Colony, Calocan, Dansalan, Ambolong, Banga, Raya Saduc and Bgy. Datu Naga.

Indiscriminate firing and illegal arrest

On May 30, a family was indiscriminately fired at by the military when their vehicles were flagged down at a checkpoint in Bgy. Bangon. More than 20 armed military personnel accosted the family who came under suspicion of being Maute members. All five of the victims were asked to drop to the ground, after which soldiers indiscriminately fired at them. The victims included two children and a young nephew.

They were then brought to the National Power Corporation (NPC) where they were interrogated and detained for four hours. When they were eventually released, the military said their two cars will remain in their custody. Inside the car were their personal belongings (including cash, jewelry and clothing) and are until now missing and stolen.

The family of Adakul left their place in Bgy. Tuca, Marawi City a week after the fighting started. Aboard their brand new cars - Innova and Vios, their vehicles were flagged down at Basakan in Bgy. Bangon by more than 20 armed military men pointing their guns at them.

The military asked them why they used that route and told the family to get out of their vehicles and drop to the ground. They took their phones as they were told to drop to the ground. Five cellphones were taken from them and were not returned. They even fired at them while they were on the ground. They were told to get into a military truck and their vehicles were left in the custody of the military. The men told them that they cannot take anything from their vehicles.

The men accused them as members of the Maute group. They were taken into the National Power Corporation where they were interrogated and held for four hours. Because one of their son is named Baute, the military insisted that he is a Maute member. They were soon released and presented to

The Findings

Damaged houses and buildings in Marawi. (Reuters/Romeo Ranoco)


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the rescuers at the Saguiaran municipal hall. Two months after the incident, the military returned their vehicles but their things inside were all gone including jewelry, cash, clothing and cellphones.

In another incident, a husband and wife were forced to separate during evacuation in Bgy. Raya Saduc. Adam decided to let his pregnant wife leave the area first while he stayed to check their properties. Sensing that the fighting between the AFP and the Maute/Dawlah Islamiya was escalating, he decided to leave on the last days of May. He was stopped at a checkpoint and was held for days, accused of being a Maute member. He was only released after presenting several papers.

Military threatens evacuees for money

It took almost two weeks for Rocaya and her husband to evacuate Bgy. Datu Naga in Marawi City. They brought only shoulder bags containing 12 pieces of jewelries and money amounting to more or less P200,000. At around 11:30 in the morning of June 5, elements of the AFP stopped them at the Saduc Masjid near a Caltex gasoline station.

The military asked them to leave their bags. When they informed the military they cannot because it contained their jewelry and money, the military promised them nothing would happen and that they would get their bags back at the Provincial Capitol.

They were then told to immediately board the mobile car of the Philippine National Police that would bring them to the capitol. Upon reaching the area, they immediately found their bags but didn’t find the jewelries and money inside.

Another family complained that the military forced them to pay at least P3,000 to allow entry to their community in Bgy. Kilala to check on their properties. Despite the payment, soldiers still refused entry. When they asked for the return of their money, soldiers gave them a sack of rice instead, along with a TV and gas stove, items also allegedly looted by the military.

Threats, harassment and intimidation

A tricycle driver from Brgy. Lumbac Madaya was forced to evacuate his family to Pantar, Lanao del Norte two days after the firefight between the AFP and the Maute group ensued. While in home-based evacuation centers in Bgy Calamnan, he rented a tricycle to make a living.

On November 4, he went to Bubong evacuation center in neighboring municipality of Saguiaran to look for his sister

who was missing since their evacuation. He was flagged down by one of the seven military manning the checkpoint in Bgy. Bubong and was asked why he was wearing short in fatigue while a gun was pointed at him. Two more military personnel approached and pointed a gun at his chest.

The military told him that fatigue shorts were the symbol of ISIS and that they could force him to take it off and run off only in briefs because of Martial Law. Fortunately, his cousin who knew the military at the checkpoint arrived and reminded them that his cousin has passed through their checkpoints many times.

Another evacuee who hailed from the padian (marketsite) in Marawi City reported that two days after the fighting between the AFP and the Maute/Dawlah Islamiya started, at least five military personnel in a van and three soldiers in a motorcycle entered their house and asked them to evacuate. The soldiers said they should move out before something untoward happens. The military also said that all the men in the household are required to join the military to fight ISIS.

Afraid of the continuing bombardment and possible military recruitment, Asliah and her family decided to evacuate Marawi City on May 27 to go to their area in Tamparan municipality through the Lake Lanao. As they were heading towards the Ramain municipality, they heard gunshots and a helicopter following them. They arrived safely and stayed there for two months but were again forced to evacuate to Iligan city in search of livelihood.

Use of Civilian Structures for Military Purposes

On June 26, 2017, seven members of the AFP came to a pensioner teacher’s house in Rorog-Agus proper in Marawi City. Citing Martial law, the military forced the house owner to immediately vacate. The former teacher pleaded to stay, but the army allowed them to do so only until 2:00 in the afternoon.

All twelve of the family members had to leave. Their only recourse was to go to an evacuation center, the nearest in Saguiran, Lanao del Sur. As a result, Sarah’s husband, who is already 100 years old, suffered a stroke and is now paralyzed.

Her other house inside Marawi City, in Bgy. Daguduban, was bombed during the first two days of the military airstrikes. They knew of this because they saw a drone footage on TV.


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Around 400 evacuees were served by Kalinaw Mindanao in its third interfaith humanitarian mission. Areas served were Bgy. Tambacan in Iligan City and Bgy. Pantao Raya in Saguiaran, Lanao del Sur. Most of the evacuees here are residents of “ground zero” hence they continue to stay in home-based evacuation centers.

Most of the evacuees complained that since President Duterte declared Marawi “liberated” from terrorists, most of the evacuees have been receiving less services from the government and relief services even from NGOs have been scarce.

Hence, the evacuees were happy to receive at least 15 kilos of rice and fresh vegetables per family as well as non-food packs including hygiene kits for women and children.

As with the second interfaith humanitarian mission, the relief team was able to depend on the members of Tindeg Ranao to facilitate relief distribution in their communities. The relief mission also helped Tindeg Ranao to reach out to evacuees and organize a chapter in the areas.

Evacuees continue to face dearth of health services and supplies in the evacuation center. Doctors and health

practitioners at the medical mission raised the concern for cases of measles among children, they also raised alarm at the continuing congested living conditions and lack of water supply in the evacuation centers.

Children continue to die in evacuation areas due to lack of medical services.

A one-year old girl died at the evacuation center in Pantao Raya days after they evacuated from Bgy. Raya Saduc in Marawi City. After five days of getting sick, she was brought to the health center and was givensome hydratation solution. The medical personnel at the health center recommended that the child be brought to Iligan City because of continuing dehydration, but they were not allowed to leave the area because they didn’t have IDs. The child soon expired without receiving proper treatment.

A pregnant housewife from Bgy. Lilod Tulali in Marawi City gave birth prematurely during evacuation. Along with her family, she walked from their home towards the municipality of Kapai in Lanao del Sur. They also walked through the mountains just to reach an evacuation center in Bgy. Bobong, Saguiaran municipality where she gave birth prematurely due to stress.

Though the child survived for more than a month, he eventually died after several emergency visits to the doctor. The doctor said that that baby had weak resistance and had an infection due to exposure in the evacuation center.

Relief andMedical Mission


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For months now, evacuees have been reporting abuses by the Philippine military in the conduct of their operations against the Maute/Dawlah Islamiya. Through Tindeg Ranao, the evacuees were emboldened to conduct rallies and demand government accountability on the death of their kin due to the military airstrikes, the destruction and looting of their properties and other rights violations.

Tindeg Ranao has submitted complaints and requests to investigate reported violations through various human rights agencies here and abroad. Maranaw evacuees joined the Lakbayan ng Pambansang Minorya 2017 which gathered all victims of Martial Law and all-out war in Manila for a month-long protest. In Manila, they were given venues to present their cases, even filing a complaint, along with indigenous peoples, at the Joint Monitoring Committee (JMC) of the Government of the Philippines – National Democratic Front of the Philippines peace talks.

The case of the rape joke to Marawi women was one of the cases presented by Gabriela organization in their oral intervention at the 36th Meeting of the Human Rights Council in Geneva in the last week of September. The documented cases of human rights violations during the humanitarian missions were also cited by the Amnesty International in their report on Marawi siege.

Upon hearing the victims’ plan to file a class suit against the government for the death and destruction in Marawi City, President Rodrigo Duterte challenged the victims to do so, standing pat that there are no human rights violations being committed in Marawi.. It was only when various cases of looting by the military surfaced during clearing operations that the heads of the AFP admitted military abuses and that they would confront it.

Accountability and Justice


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During the mission, several evacuees raise concern if they will be able to go back to their communities due to the strict requirements for identification, with forms filed for profiling of residents. Residents are asked to present a voter’s ID as proof of residency. Already, there are complaints of some local government officials cashing in on the barangay certificates needed by each evacuee to procure an ID.

In the first weeks after the military allowed the return of some Marawi residents, roughly only 10,000 people were able to go home out of around 210,000 residents of Marawi City.

According to UNICEF, 353,921 or 77,180 families were displaced during the five months of military operations. Around 87 evacuation centers were set-up, divided into categories of recognized and unrecognized by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). UNICEF also listed at least 205,018 children affected by the conflict.

Government has assessed over 6,000 houses that have been partially damaged while 14,000 have been destroyed by the war.

Residents also fear that they will be displaced should the government continue its plan for rehabilitation in Marawi. For them to reclaim their houses and lots, each resident needs to present a land title, which most do not possess because more than half of Marawi City is a declared military reservation.

Marawi Evacuees to Be Permanently Displaced Persons


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In the first few months of evacuation, the Task Force Bangon Marawi – then led by Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzo, also the administrator of Martial Law in Marawi City – already revealed a map that shows more than half of the land in Marawi City is a military reservation area.

A 1953 Presidential Proclamation showed that 6,000 hectares out of the total 8,700 hectares of Marawi City is a military reservation. According to the residents, this same proclamation was often used as the reason by the government to reject their requests whenever a resident applies for land titling for their houses and businesses.

After President Duterte’s declaration of a “liberated” Marawi, the Armed Forces of the Philippines dissolved the Joint Task Force Marawi and pulled out its troops. The task force was replaced by Task Force Bangon Marawi (TFBM),an inter-agency body tasked to administer the rehabilitation, reconstruction and rebuilding of Marawi City. It is now headed by retired military general Eduardo del Rosario, also the secretary of the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC).

One of their projects is the construction of 1,100 transitional shelters being built in an 11.2 hectares of land in Bgy. Sagonsongan, Marawi City. If the current site will not be able to accommodate the returning residents, additional two sites were identified in Saguiaran, Lanao del Sur and Bgy. Bangon in Marawi City.

The task force promised that by December 15, around 500 of these target shelters will be made available to relocated residents who belong to the ground zero zone, with the DSWD and the local government of Marawi City identifying the beneficiaries.


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Since August, the government has been receiving assistance from Canada, China, Germany, Korea, India, Thailand Singapore, United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the ASEAN Coordinating Center for Humanitarian Assistance on Management for Marawi rehabilitation.

It also received pledges from Australia (PhP1B), Japan (Php100M), Thailand (PhP100M), China (PhP85M), the United States (PhP730M), European Union (PhP49M), Asian Development Bank (ADB) (US $5.2M), World Bank (WB) and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).

The two biggest multilateral lending agencies, the ADB and the WB not only pledged grants but will work as lead coordinators and also provide their “technical” assistance in crafting a rehabilitation plan for Marawi City. They also proposed loans for emergency reconstruction and development.

Rehabilitation for whom?


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Non-government organizations and progressive partylist lawmakers raised alarm over this move, citing WB and ADB’s notoriety in imposing loan conditionalities such as removing constitutional and other legal impediments to foreign and local business that makes communities vulnerable for plunder of resources and death of local businesses.

Already, the Department of Tourism has announced its plan to turn Marawi City into a “tourist hub” to spur “development”. Prominent Filipino architect Felino Palafox, Jr. proposed plans of converting Marawi and Lake Lanao like some cities in Europe for tourist attractions.

Aside from tourism, Duterte also wants the military to have Marawi. On October 31, President Duterte revealed during a press conference at the Davao International Airport his plan to set-up a new military camp for a regiment or division-sized troops in Marawi City.

Displaced residents fear that the latter provides no assurance for their safety and might further make their community vulnerable to attacks. Residents were reminded of a video showing the Maute brothers and

Isnilon Hapilon planning an attack against the military stationed at Camp Ranao as one of their objectives in the siege of Marawi.

Camp Ranao hosts not only the 103rd Brigade of the Philippine Army, there are a number of US soldiers who have been staying inside the camp since their deployment was made public in 2009. The nature of US soldiers’ deployment in Camp Ranao continue to baffle residents until an incident in February 2010, that of the mysterious death of a Filipino employed as a Bahasa interpreter by US soldiers, that suspicions of US covert military operations is also being done in Mindanao.

It is not at all baseless to fear that the rehabilitation of Marawi City is catering to US military and business interests more than the original residents. It is as if Marawi City is the prize for all the military support given by the US government to President Duterte in his fight against the ISIS-inspired groups. From a military point of view, Marawi is indeed a “strategic” piece of real estate for US forward base, borrowing the US President Donald Trump’s description of the Philippines.


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A total of 16 international delegates under the International Coalition for Human Rights in the Philippines and Bayan USA Peace Mission joined by 4 other foreigners currently doing their internships in local organizations have responded to the call for the humanitarian mission. Some of them fresh from their participation in the three-day protest in Manila against US President Trump’s visit for the ASEAN and East Asia Summit, the international participants visited evacuation centers and integrated with the victims of the US-instigated war in Marawi City.

Despite threats from the government of deporting foreigners caught participating in protest rallies during the ASEAN and East Asia Summit, international mission

delegates decisively participated in the interfaith rally led by the Maranaw evacuees group Tindeg Ranao in Iligan City on the last day of the mission.

In showing their solidarity, international delegates condemned the military airstrikes that caused the death and displacement of Marawi City residents and the destruction of their city. They also raised alarm on US, Australia, ADB and WB’s participation in the rehabilitation plan that would make Marawi City vulnerable to foreign plunder.

The international delegates promised to combat rising Islamophobia against the Moro people as a result of the government’s terror tagging of Maranaw residents and the people of Mindanao as a whole.

International Solidarity


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The third interfaith humanitarian mission proposes the following recommendations for the victims of the US-instigated military operations in Marawi City:

1. Continue to call out for relief, medical services and psychosocial intervention for the victims;

2. Call for the indemnification of victims and reparation of their houses and properties;

3. Continue to support the evacuees call for justice for the victims of the war and find possible legal measures to make the Duterte government accountable for the death, displacement of Marawi residents and the destruction of their city;

4. Push for a pro-people and not profit-oriented rehabilitation program that would ensure their return to their original homes.

Recommendations:


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1. Tindeg Ranao2. Suara Bangsamoro3. Moro-Christian Peoples’ Alliance4. Balsa Mindanao5. Sisters Association in Mindanao6. Initiatives for Peace in Mindanao7. KARAPATAN – Alliance for the Advancement of People’s Rights 8. Liga ng Kabataang Moro9. SANDUGO Movement of Moro and Indigenous Peoples for Self-Determination10. Tulong Kabataan-Northern Mindanao11. Rural Missionaries of the Philippines-Northern Mindanao Sub-Region12. Community-Based Health Services-NMR13. Bayan USA Peace Mission14. International Coalition for Human Rights in the Philippines

Participating Organizations:

Documents

The Long Road - rmp-nmr.org 3LR.pdf · Presidential Decree that says Marawi is a military reservation. For those who did return, ... military airstrikes and Martial Law declaration