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The Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) & the Solar System
Meg Schwamb Queen’s University Belfast
@megschwamb
Image Credit: LSST/AURA/National OIR Lab
Image Credit: NASA
Why study the Solar System Small Bodies?
Image Credit: Nature
Image Credit: La Silla-QUEST Kuiper Belt Survey Rabinowitz, Schwamb et al. (2012)
How do we find Solar System objects?
The Structure of the Kuiper Belt
3:2 Plutinos
2:1
Classical belt
Scattered Disk
The Structure of the Kuiper Belt
3:2 Plutinos
2:1
Cold Classicals
Our Giant Planets Moved Stuff Around
Morbidelli & Levison (2003)
Image Credits: Anne Verbiscer
The Rubin Observatory and the Legacy Survey of Space and Time will transform Solar System Science
5+ million small bodies, 1+ billion observations
Slide Credit: LSST Science book/Lynne Jones
Expected LSST Yield
10 year survey - ugrizy photometry with hundreds of visits per object
Currently Known LSST Discoveries Typical number of observations
Near Earth Objects (NEOs) ~20,000 200,000 (D>250m) 60
Main Belt Asteroids (MBAs) ~650,000 6,000,000 (D>500m) 200
Jupiter Trojans ~7000 280,000 (D>2km) 300
TransNeptunian Objects (TNOs) + Scattered Disk Objects (SDOs) ~3000 40,000 (D>200km) 450
Comets ~3000 10,000 ?
Interstellar Objects (ISOs) 2 10 ?
What is LSST Project Providing
Slide Credit: Mario JurićSee http://ls.st/Document-29545 for a 1 page summary sheet
Finding Near Earth Asteroids
What LSST Can Do
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035Year
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
NEO
com
plet
enes
sH
∑22
73%
NEOs
Existing resources
LSST Only
LSST + Existing
JPL NEO (D > 140m)
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035Year
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
PH
Aco
mpl
eten
ess
H∑
22
81%
PHAs
Existing resources
LSST Only
LSST + Existing
LSST Baseline
Credit: Jones et al.( 2018)
About ~6M objects
200 measurements each
Precise astrometry (10 mas systematic) -> good orbits
Characterization of families
Note: assuming 10% albedo:
H=24 -> D=70mH=20 -> D=430m
LSST Discoveries of Main Belt Asteroids
Slide Credit: Mario Jurić & Lynne Jones
Explore the Origin of Main Belt Comets and Active AsteroidsWhat LSST Can Do
Jewitt (2012)
Ki et al (2018).Adapted by Henry Hsieh
Probe the Neptune Trojans Color-Inclination & Explore the Implications for Origin/Neptune Migration
What LSST Can Do
On-sky positions of Neptune Trojans in 2022 (grey) & 2032 (yellow)
Credit: Edward Lin
Lin et al. (2018)
Explore the Origin of Sedna’s Strange Orbit and Test the Existence of Planet 9
Image Credit: S. Sheppard
3
Sedna’s Strange Orbit
Image Credit: R. Hurt/JPL-Caltech
Alignment of known distant orbits, with q > 45 au & 250 < a < 2000 au. Orbits with q> 60 are shown in red
What LSST Can Do
Credit: Bannister, et al. (2017)
Interstellar Object & Comet Discoveries
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Meech et al (2018)
Meech et al (2018)
1I/‘Oumuamua 2I/Borisov Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Likely to be at least 1 detection/discovery per year in the LSST era with the discovery of 2I/Borisov
Credit: Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope
Meech et al (2018)Credit: Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope
2I/Borisov 1I/‘Oumuamua
Daniel Macháček.
ESA F-class mission to fly by a comet with 3 spacecraft (one provided by JAXA): Launch expected in 2028. Comet Interceptor will sit at L2 and when a suitable target is found & reachable, the main spacecraft will leave L2 to intercept
Discovering 10,000 comets, LSST will likely find Comet Interceptor’s target. There will be coordinated community ground-based follow-up to characterize potential Comet Interceptor targets.
Synergies with ESA’sComet Interceptor mission
www.cometinterceptor.space
PI: Geraint Jones (UCL) Deputy PI : Colin Snodgrass (University of Edinburgh)
Image credit: Geraint Jones
Credit: LSST/AURA/National OIR Lab