The Leaders of Russia 1800-1914

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Were the people ever happy with their leaders?

SIBERIA

Siberia is -50 at times

How cold is that?

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Alexander I: 1801-1825o Russia was mostly an

Agricultural country where feudalism and serfdom and still very much alive.

o Nobles had unlimited power and could buy and sell serfs.

o Alexander I will die suddenly of a fever.

o He was an autocrat, which is Greek for rule by oneself.

Fun Fact:

There are

26,000

miles of

coastline in

Russia

Fun Fact: Russia has 10,000 miles of frontier

Nicholas I: 1825-1855o Decembrists Revolt

(1825) will be led by army officers (got ideas from Napoleon)

o Lots of people got sent to Siberia

o 1825-54: Crushed 500 peasant uprising

o Secret police: if you mentioned change or reform you would be arrested.

o Little or no education took place.

Alexander II: 1855-1881 o Crimean War: got beat

by France/Great Britain on there own soil.

o British rifles could shoot 200 yards further.

o Russia was far behind in technology. (150 years)

o 1860-1873 First Railway boom.

Alexander III: 1881-1894

o Serfdom will end in 1861

o People would be allowed trials.

o Land goes to the nobles.

o Alexander gets killed by a bomb. Just like Nicholas I

This man’s brother tried to assassinate Alexander III, sentenced to death and Lenin witnessed

Nicholas II: 1894-1917 Fun Fact: 21 countries border Russia

Nicholas II: 1894-1917

o Students will begin to study Karl Marx and communism.

o “I shall maintain the principle of autocracy”

o An Enlightenment of sorts was taking place.

o 1904 Russo-Japanese War: the Czar figured a war would shift attention away from their problems to other things.

o The Japanese would WIN!

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Nicholas II & George V of England

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Fun Fact: We are cousins and many people cannot tell us apart.

Alexis: a beloved son is born 1904-1917

The Revolution 1905: o 200,000 workers and their families

approached the palace asking for better working conditions.

o His Generals ordered that the soldiers fire on the crowd and 500-1000 died.

o This was called Bloody Sunday.o The Czar knew that he could no

longer ignore the people and established the first DUMA! (like a Parliament)

o The DUMA will dissolve in 4 months. (representative assembly)

o Moderates will push for a constitution but Nicholas II will block all attempts.

World War I and Russia: 1914-1917

o WWI will unite Russia & create National pride

o They could not produce enough, many soldiers had no rifles or bullets.

o Nicholas II will leave Russia and go to the front. (Why?)

o Food and fuel shortages forced Russia out of the war.

o People came home wanting bread and peace.

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2 million dead if you go to war you forget your problems!

The Revolutionaries:1917 They were divided into 2 groups:

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Bolsheviks: The majority party led by Lenin and who wanted to set up a dictatorship. (REDS)This was an overthrow of the

govt.

Mensheviks: The minority who disagreed with the plan of

taking over the government. They wanted to move more slowly through the use of

higher wages, suffrage, and welfare programs.

The Peasants: Social Revolutionaries who

wanted land distributed fairly.

The Industrial Workers: Social

Democrats who were embracing Karl Marx’s ideas that the working class would one day overthrow the ruling

class. (split into 2 groups)

The White Army will fight the Bolsheviks, 1918-1920 15 million die

V.I. Lenin

Brother was killed for

trying to kill Tsar.

1917Lenin was exiled, SiberiaAnd then to Switzerland.

L.Trotsky

Karl Marx: What is Marxism?

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o Karl Marx was trying to develop a critique of society which he claimed was both scientific and revolutionary.

o Said that,”Power should be held by workers.”

o “Workers will unite across national borders to wage class warfare.” How does that workout?

Marxism

o The theory seeks the elimination of private property in order to gain control of the economic "means of production" by taking it from the bourgeois (the wealthy or propertied class) for the benefit of the proletariat (working class.) 15

PEACE LAND AND BREAD

■ Germany tried to help Lenin return to Russia.

■ His slogan was “Peace, Land, and Bread”

■ This was the beginning of the socialist order, first was to divide all the farm land up.

■ Lenin thought the Socialist revolution was going to spread to Germany.

■ Germany lost the war and it did not spread.

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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: 1918o Russia will adopt a

modern calendar in 1918 as they were behind the rest of Europe by 13 days.

o 1918 Germany will sign Treaty of Brest Litovsk with Russia giving up a huge chunk of land and territory.

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Russia lost 300,000 miles Louisiana purchase 820,000 miles

Civil War will rage on in Russia for 3 years. Reds vs. White (counter revolutionaries.

The Allies actually Intervened And tried to helpThe whites win.

This did nothing

Rasputin and Cheka: 1916-1919

o Nicholas II will begin to prepare for WWI.

o This was one of the worst decisions of his life.

o His son Alexis was a hemophiliac: blood does not clot.

o Rasputin: Holy man that will influence the Czarina. (Alexandra)

First head of Cheka

CHEKA: A secret police who executed ordinary citizens, and this is when the forced labor camps came into existence. Later known as the KGB.

THE END

o The scattered foes of the Revolution were defeated by 1921.

o This flag will symbolize the union of the workers and the peasants.

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Russia Fun Facts ■ 35 languages / 100 minority languages

■ 6.6 million square miles

■ Russia is bigger than Pluto

■ Canada is 2 times smaller

■ Tetris was invented in Russia

■ Average man drinks 20 liters of vodka a year / 3 bottles a week ( 2 cups = 1 liter)

■ They used to have a beard tax under Frederick the Great

■ Russia is second largest producer of oil

■ 70% of Russia is Siberia

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