The Latin West, 1200 - 1500The Latin West, 1200 - 1500

What do you think of when you hear Latin? Where do you think of when you

hear Latin?

City Growth and ProblemsCity Growth and Problems 1200 Most Europeans

were peasants (serfs) Population of Europe

doubles from 1000 – 1445

Opened new land that had poor soil quality to causing a decline in crop yields in 1250

The Black Death and Social ChangeThe Black Death and Social Change Ravaged Europe for 2

years from 1346-48 and periodically from 1300-1400

Population decreased labor became more expensive ending serfdom

Living standards improved and incomes rose

Mines and MillsMines and Mills 1200 – 1500 Windmills

and watermills introduced = increased profits

Mining, iron working, quarries, and “tanning” increase = water pollution and deforestation

City revivalCity revival Trade and manufacturing

contributes to growth of cities (Mongol Empire)

Venetians capture Constantinople in 1204 opening trade to central Asia with the Mongols

Italy grows as a sea trading city.

Civic lifeCivic life European cities=City-states= freedom an social mobility Jewish people lived in most European cities

(diasporas) and blamed for things like the “Black Death”, and expelled from Spain.

Guilds – groups of people in the same job or trade, regulated access to trade routes

Women- Unskilled Non-Guild jobs Growth in Commerce (Trade)--Medici Family in

Florence rise as a banking family Most money lenders were Jewish because the Catholic

Church prohibited banking

ArchitectureArchitecture Gothic cathedrals were

masterpieces of late medieval buildings

Marked by Gothic arches, high towers and spires, and large interiors lit by huge stained glass windows

Designers had no formal training, therefore learned through mistakes.

Learning, Literature, and RenaissanceLearning, Literature, and Renaissance After 1100 Western

Europe had access to Greek and Arabic science and medicine

1200ce - colleges and universities emerge

Universities specialized in subjects. Most prominent was THEOLOGY

The main concern of HUMANISTS was education.

Humanists and PrintersHumanists and Printers Dante Alighieri and

Geoffrey Chaucer (Canterbury Tales) – Authors

Petrarch and Boccaccio Johann Gutenberg –

developed printing press 1454, 10 million printed works by 1500

Renaissance ArtistsRenaissance Artists 14th and 15th century

depicted Greek and Roman Gods

Jan van Eyke’s development of realistic oil paintings

Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo

This rebirth started to happen all over the world

Political and Military TransformationsPolitical and Military Transformations 13th century Europe had weak Monarchs with small

treasuries Development of armor piercing crossbow and

firearms undermined the Knights King Phillip the Fair of France reduced the power of

the church when he arrested the pope and had a new (French) one installed

Norman invasion of England 1066 -> Magna Carta 1215 -> limited nobles power

Marriage alliances were formed to produce wars over inheritance

The Hundred Years WarThe Hundred Years War

France against England 1337 – 1453

King Edward III of England claimed the French throne

Military tech. – crossbow, longbow, pike, firearms, canon

French superior canon tech. Finally beat the English and made the French monarchy stronger than ever.

JOAN OF ARC

New Monarchies in France and EnglandNew Monarchies in France and England

New military technology makes the castle and the knight obsolete

After 100 years war stronger central governments

End of 15th century power shifts from church to monarchs

Parliament is created in EnglandEstates-General created in France

Iberian UnificationIberian Unification Spain and Portugal emerge as

strong states through marriage and reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims

Portugal established in 1249 and captured the Moroccan port of Ceuta opening TRANS-SAHARAN TRADE

Spain expelled all Muslims and Jews 1492

MAP ActivityMAP Activity TITLE = Europe 1200 – 1500 SHADE = Portugal, Spain, France, England, Italy INCLUDE 15 SYMBOLS = like the printing press,

renaissance, etc… in the key ON THE BACK: INCLUDE A TIMELINE WITH 7

MAJOR EVENTS OR TIME PERIODS: THINK CONCRETE DETAILS.Create a Level-3 Question for Thursday