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Canola Council of Canada 2004 Annual Convention. “The latest on BIODIESEL” Peter Reimers, Archer Daniels Midland. Basics. Capacities. Subsidies. Feed stocks. Glycerin. Basics. Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME). 3 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (Biodiesel). 1 Glycerol. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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“The latest on BIODIESEL”Peter Reimers, Archer Daniels Midland
Canola Council of Canada2004 Annual Convention
Capacities
Subsidies
Feed stocks
Glycerin
Basics
Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME)
HC
H2C
H2C
O
O
O C
C
C
O
O
R
R''
O
R'+catalyst
H2C
HC OH
OH
H2C OH
+3 CH3OH
H3CO C
O
R
H3CO C
O
R'
H3CO C
O
R"
1 Triglyceride(vegetable Oil)
1 Glycerol3 Fatty Acid
Methyl Esters(Biodiesel)
3 Methanol
Basics
Which blend makes sense?
B 100: biodegradability
B 20: emission reduction
B 2: lubricity
..significant biodegradability at 100%…
Source: Chuck Peterson, U of IdahoSource: Chuck Peterson, U of Idaho
..significant biodegradability at 100%…
0
20
40
60
80
100 C
O2
evol
utio
n (%
)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time (days)
REE
RME
SEE
SME
NR
NS
2-D
dex
Source: Chuck Peterson, U of Idaho
..significant biodegradability at 100%…
0
2
4
6
8
10
Su
bst
an
ce c
on
c.
(mg
/L)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Time (days)
REE
2-D
Source: Chuck Peterson, U of Idaho
..significant biodegradability at 100%…
0
20
40
60
80
100 C
O2
ev
olu
tio
n (
%)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time (days)
REE
R80/D20
R50/D50
R20/D80
2-D
Source: Chuck Peterson, U of Idaho
..significant emission reduction at 20%…
Source: Chuck Peterson, U of Idaho
Comprehensive EPA Study
-80%
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Biodiesel Blend
Ch
an
ge in
Em
issi
on
s
NOx PM CO HC
Source: National Biodiesel Board
Cleaner Emissions
Emission Type B100 B20 B2
Total Unburned Hydrocarbons -67% -20% -2.2%
Carbon Monoxide -48% -12% -1.3%
Particulate Matter -47% -12% -1.3%
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) +10% +2% +.2%
Source: National Biodiesel Board
281
584
181
169195
294
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 2 4 6 8 10 12Vol.% FAME
Scar Av./µm (HFRR-Test)
..significant lubricity enhancement at 2%…
Canadian #2 Winter Diesel
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Biodiesel Blend (%)
HFR
R W
SD
(m
icro
n)
#1 Low Sulfur Diesel
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Biodiesel Blend (%)
HFR
R W
SD
(m
icro
n)
JP-8
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Biodiesel Blend (%)
HF
RR
WS
D (
mic
ron
)
Source: National Biodiesel Board
#2 Low Sulfur Diesel
0
100
200
300
400
500
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Biodiesel Blend (%)
HFR
R W
SD
(m
icro
n
Canola vs. Soybean
ACID Canola Soy
Palmitic C-16 4.5 10
Stearic C-18 2 4
Oleic C-18:1 60 22
Linoleic C-18:2 20 54
Linolenic C-18:3 9 8
Cold flowPolymerization
RELATIVE OXIDATION RATES
Fatty Acid Oxidation RateStearic Acid (C18:0) 1
Oleic Acid (C18:1) 10
Linoleic Acid (C18:2) 100
Linolenic Acid (C18:3) 150
Cold Filter Plug PointIP 309
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0% 20% 30% 50% 70% 100%
Percent Biodiesel
Deg
rees
F
Soy biodiesel
Canola biodiesel
with additive
Source: National Biodiesel Board
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004*0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
GermanyFranceItalyEUNew member states (Czech Republic/Slovakia/Poland)
EU and New Member States in mio. Mt/year
Biodiesel capacities in Europe
EU 15capacities 2002
mt/ycapacities 2003
mt/ycapacities 2004
mt/yAustria 40.000 90.000 120.000Belgium (60.000) (60.000) (60.000)Denmark 35.000 35.000 35.000UK 2.000 7.000 57.000Finland 0 0 0France 502.000 502.000 502.000Germany 945.500 1.016.000 1.156.000Greece 0 0 0Ireland 2.000 2.000 2.000Italy 419.000 419.000 419.000Luxembourg 0 0 0Netherlands 0 0 0Portugal 0 0 0Spain 0 11.000 11.000Sweden 8.000 8.000 8.000Sum 2.013.500 2.150.000 2.370.000
Non EU 15Czech Republic 90.000 70.000 70.000Hungary 0 25.000 25.000Poland 2.000 15.000 15.000Slovakia 120.000 120.000 120.000Sum 212.000 230.000 230.000total 2.225.500 2.380.000 2.600.000
Biodiesel production in Europe
EU 15production 2001
mt/yproduction 2002
mt/yproduction 2003
mt/yproduction 2004
mt/yAustria 25.000 30.000 40.000 50.000Belgium 0 0 0 0Denmark 8.000 15.000 25.000 30.000UK 0 2.000 7.000 25.000Finland 0 0 0 0France 374.000 366.000 370.000 455.000Germany 277.000 450.000 750.000 850.000Greece 0 0 0 0Ireland 0 0 2.000 2.000Italy 150.000 230.000 300.000 300.000Luxembourg 0 0 0 0Netherlands 0 0 0 0Portugal 0 0 0 0Spain 0 0 0 0Sweden 840 825 1.000 1.000Sum 834.840 1.093.825 1.495.000 1.713.000
Non EU 15Czech Republic 71.000 70.000 70.000 70.000Hungary 0 0 0 0Poland 0 0 10.000 15.000Slovakia 120.000 0 75.000 75.000Sum 191.000 70.000 155.000 160.000total 1.025.840 1.163.825 1.650.000 1.873.000
Cent/l Cent/l Cent/galAustria 29.01 0.00 110France 39.19 4.19 149Germany 47.04 0.00 178Italy 40.32 0.00 153Sweden 34.32 0.00 130
United Kingdom1 47,1 Pence 27,1 PenceNorway 3,26 NOK/l 0.00
Taxes and Subsidies
Distribution of Sources (source: HBI International)
1992
Other0%
Alcohol12%
Soap 32%
Acids43%
Biodiesel1%
Synthetic12%
1995
Other2%
Alcohol14%
Soap 29%
Acids39%
Biodiesel5%Synthetic
11%
Distribution of Sources (source: HBI International)
2001
Other4%
Alcohol14%
Soap21%
Acids41%
Synthetic9%
Biodiesel11%
Distribution of Sources (source: HBI International)
