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The Kidney The Kidney The kidney is part of the excretory system (urinary system) and plays a crucial role in osmoregulation , or water and ion balance in the body. What kind of beans are these? What shape is this swimming pool? Small group discussion: with a few classmates, choose either kidney beans or the swimming pool. Come up with ways that a human kidney is like or is not like the bean or the pool. Be prepared to share with the class!

The Kidney - whssbiozone · PDF fileKidneys contain about one million of these tiny filters that loop from the ... Distal Tubule ­ location of Tubular Secretion, where

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Page 1: The Kidney - whssbiozone · PDF fileKidneys contain about one million of these tiny filters that loop from the ... Distal Tubule ­ location of Tubular Secretion, where

The Kidney

The Kidney

The kidney is part of the excretory system (urinary system) and plays a crucial role in osmoregulation, or water and ion balance in the body.

What kind of beans are these?

What shape is this swimming pool?

Small group discussion: with a few classmates, choose either kidney beans or the swimming pool. Come up with ways that a human kidney is like or is not like the bean or the pool. Be prepared to share with the class!

Page 2: The Kidney - whssbiozone · PDF fileKidneys contain about one million of these tiny filters that loop from the ... Distal Tubule ­ location of Tubular Secretion, where

The Kidney

The Excretory System

• The excretory system consists of two fist sized kidneys located in the lower back on either side of the spine. • Kidneys receive blood from the renal arteries and blood leaves them via the renal veins. • The waste products filtered from the blood are released into the ureters, which carry the fluid to the bladder for temporary storage. • Drainage of the urine from the bladder is controlled by two sphincters (one voluntarily controlled, the other involuntary) leading to the urethra.

Page 3: The Kidney - whssbiozone · PDF fileKidneys contain about one million of these tiny filters that loop from the ... Distal Tubule ­ location of Tubular Secretion, where

The Kidney

Kidney Function: Waste FiltrationThe kidney's principal function is to remove cellular waste products from the blood:

Celluar Metabolic Wastes

(all contain nitrogen)

CREATININE

URIC ACID

UREA

Amino Acid Breakdown

DNA and RNABreakdown

N compounds are potentially harmful to the body and must be removed

Waste Product from Muscle Action

Page 4: The Kidney - whssbiozone · PDF fileKidneys contain about one million of these tiny filters that loop from the ... Distal Tubule ­ location of Tubular Secretion, where

The Kidney

Kidney StructureIn addition to removing nitrogenous wastes, the kidney is structured in such a way that it is also a major homeostatic organ:• controls water balance• controls blood pH• controls ion balance in blood (sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and calcium)• secrete hormones

The kidney has three main sections:• an outer cortex• inner layer called the medulla• renal pelvis ­ where urine accumulates before travelling to the bladder

contain functional units called nephrons

Page 5: The Kidney - whssbiozone · PDF fileKidneys contain about one million of these tiny filters that loop from the ... Distal Tubule ­ location of Tubular Secretion, where

The Kidney

The NephronKidneys contain about one million of these tiny filters that loop from the cortex to the medulla and back again.

There are 5 major parts to a nephron, all belonging to the set of tubes that carry the blood filtrate (what becomes urine). 

1) Bowman's Capsule ­ surrounds a ball of capillaries called the glomerulus from which blood plasma and small particles enter the ball shaped capsule.2) Proximal Tubule ­ receives the fluid, now called nephric filtrate, from the Bowman's Capsule. This is where the majority of  re­absorbtion of essential particles from the filtrate occurs.3) Loop of Henle ­ the descending portion dips down into the renal medula, and the  ascending portion returns to the cortex. This is where water is re­absorbed from the filtrate. 4) Distal Tubule ­ location of Tubular Secretion, where substances such as hydrogen ions, creatine and drugs join the filtrate.5) Collecting Duct ­ fluid from several distal tubules drains here and is sent to the renal pelvis.