The Jung (Cheung, Jeung) Family History€¦ · Web viewTong Jung periodically remitted money from America for family support through Cheung Shing Tat 張成達, a distant relative

Jung Family History:August 17, 2008

The History of the Family of Tong Jung

Compiled by Him Mark Lai from information provided by Horatio, Sr. and Laura and other members of the Jung family and their relatives.

The history is a story of how members of the Jung (Cheung, Jeung) family with humble beginnings in rural South China emigrated abroad, overcame difficulties, and established homes for themselves and their descendants.

The Chinese surname of the family is Cheung (Jeung) 張, one of the three most numerous surnames in China.1 The lineage can only be traced as far as Cheung (Jeung) Soong Naam 張崧南2 (known as Ancestor Soong Naam 崧南公), the great grandfather of Horatio Jung, Sr. Cheung (Jeung). Soong Naam lived during the Qing 清 dynasty in Ah Gong 鴉崗 (crow hill) Village located in the southeastern part of Saam Heung 三鄉 (three villages) Township3 in the southern part of Zhongshan 中山. An inter-village feud erupted during which the villages of Ping Laam 平嵐 and Woo Seik 烏石 in Saam Heung Township combined forces to attack Ah Gong Village. The numerically inferior Ah Gong villagers were defeated, after which Cheung (Jeung) Soong Naam decided to move and established Bo Tsai (pronounce Boo Tsai 埔仔 by villagers; population 78 in 1980s),4 a small village in a poor hilly area in the northwestern part of the present Zhuhai 珠海. Many from the Saam Heung region eventually moved to this area, for the villages of Boo Tsai, Wong Ning Tong 黃寧塘, and Lo Mei Shan 老尾山 in the region became known as the "Little Saam Heung."

Connections to Peru and AmericaCheung (Jeung) Soong Naam was alleged to be an opium addict. He had five sons all

with the generational identifier Baak 伯 (homonym of Bai 百). The oldest son Cheung (Jeung) Baak Yin 張伯延 (known to Horatio Jung, Sr. as Dai Baak Goong 大伯公 or First Grand Uncle) immigrated to Peru. When he became established he helped his brothers to immigrate. However, only the third son Cheung (Jeung) Baak Wing 張伯榮 and fifth son Cheung (Jeung) Baak Cheung 張伯昌 went to Peru, as the fourth son died in Hong Kong before he could embark.

The second son Cheung (Jeung) Baak Hing 張伯慶 (Horatio Jung, Sr.'s grandfather) remained in the village. He married Tong Shee 唐氏 from Gai Paak 雞柏 (village name changed officially to Gai Saan 雞山 after 1949; population about 500 in 1980s), a village about 4.5 miles south of Boo Tsai. Tong Shee gave birth to two daughters--Cheung (Jeung) Yee 張意 and Cheung (Jeung) Gaan 張間, before giving birth to their first son Cheung (Jeung) Tong Wai 張棠惠 (the father of Horatio Jung, Sr.) on September 4, 1897. The couple also had a younger son who was killed by bandits around the age of eighteen.

After the death of his youngest son, Cheung (Jeung) Baak Hing sought a safer place to live and moved to Tong Gaa 唐家, a large village (population 5,177 in 1980s) about 2.5 miles east southeast of Boo Tsai near the coast; however, he still retained title to his house in Boo Tsai that later was inherited by his son. He found work with wealthy landowner Tong Soey Jee 唐瑞芝,5 who was favorably impressed with his trustworthiness and honesty and rented him 80 mu of rice fields to cultivate.

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Cheung (Jeung) Baak Yin had intended to take Cheung (Jeung) Baak Hing's son Cheung (Jeung) Tong Wai (Horatio Jung, Sr.'s father) to Peru. Thus Cheung (Jeung) Tong Wai left the village for Hong Kong when he was 16 or 17 years old to prepare for the voyage; however, Cheung (Jeung) Baak Yin became ill and passed away in Hong Kong before he could implement his plan. Faced with the need to support himself, Cheung (Jeung) Tong Wai signed on as a seaman on ships sailing to Siam while looking for another opportunity to go abroad. Chun Haam 陳涵, comprador at the "Blue Funnel" Steamship Line, took a liking to the hardworking and clean-living Cheung (Jeung) Tong Wai and took him on as his god-son. It so happened that Tong Jung met with an accident and broke his leg. While he was convalescing in Hong Kong, his brother-in-law Tong Yee Kun 唐貽勤 found that Jung Chong 鄭昌, a Chinese from America, had a U.S. citizen slot for sale.

Jung Chong was the paper name of Look Duck Boon 陸德本, aka Look Lai 陸禮 from Gum Jook Mei 金竹尾, a small village (population 64 in 1980s) in northwest Zhuhai about 2.5 miles northwest of Boo Tsai. The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), however, alleged that he was a native of Yeung Chun Po 楊春埔, a small village (population 87 in the 1980s) a short distance to the west of Gum Jook Mei.6 Look had probably claimed US birth and assumed the name Jung Chong after birth records in San Francisco had been destroyed during the 1906 earthquake and fire. Although he was said to be a bachelor all his life, Jung Chong had reported the birth of four sons to immigration officers after his return from trips to China.

Thus, Cheung (Jeung) Tong Wai sailed on the S. S. Golden State and was landed in San Francisco on October 25, 1921 as Jung Tong 鄭桐 (better known as Tong Jung in America), second son of Jung Chong. He was 25 years old at the time. As for the rest of the slots, Wong Fai 黃輝 became the oldest son Jung Fai 鄭輝, and Wong San 黃琁 became Jung San 鄭琁, the third son. The fourth slot was never used.

Separate LivesFor a short period after he entered the US, Tong Jung harvested asparagus in the fields

near Isleton. He told his children long afterwards that the cutting of the vegetables close to the ground was very hard on the back. Soon afterward he found employment as a family cook. The wages were low, but Tong Jung was a thrifty, hardworking young man who stayed away from tobacco, liquor, and gambling. Moreover, he lived at his place of work. Thus, by 1927 he was able to save enough to return to China to marry Chuck Yook King 卓玉瓊 on June 15, 1927. She was from Gwoon Tong 官塘, a large village (population 2,500 in 1980s) in northwestern Zhuhai about three miles west northwest of Tong Gaa. She together with her older sister 鏞好 had spent several years in the Cantonese community in Shanghai.

After the wedding Tong Jung changed his Chinese name to Cheung (Jeung) Jee Ping 張智平.7 At the same time he also began building a two-storied concrete house in the Yut Bo 一堡 Section of Tong Gaa Village. At the time there were few two-storied buildings in the village and Tong Jung's neighbors complained that the second story of the new building was blocking their feng-shui 風水. However, Tong Jung was able to get the influential Tong Siu Yee 唐紹儀8 to mediate and dissuaded the neighbors from demolishing the second story.

In January 10, 1929, Tong Jung's first-born Chung Ming 頌明 ("eulogy to brightness") (Horatio, Sr.) came into this world in the new house, after which Tong Jung returned to the U.S. However, in order to create an additional slot, Tong Jung changed Chung Ming's (Horatio, Sr.)

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birthday to February 6 (5th day of the 1st moon), 1928 and then reported the birth of a fictitious second son on February 22 (2nd day of the 2nd moon), 1929.

Tong Jung returned to China again in 1932 and a daughter was born on January 7 (12th day of the 12th moon), 1933. Tong Jung's mother called her Gum Ying 金英 ("golden flower"); Chuck Yook King named her Pui Ying 佩英 ("ornamental flower"), and Tong Jung gave her the name Yook Ying 玉英 ("jade flower"). As a child she answered to all three names, but as she grew older the name her father bestowed upon her became the preferred one. The year 1933 was during the depths of the Great Depression, but the thrifty Tong Jung was able to have enough savings to purchase a three-story building in Hong Kong on Fook Wing Street 福榮街 for HK $8,000. Tong Jung then departed and arrived in San Francisco on the S. S. President Coolidge on May 15 1933. Departing from the practice of many returning immigrants, he reported the birth of his daughter rather than substituting a son in her slot.

Tong Jung periodically remitted money from America for family support through Cheung Shing Tat 張成達, a distant relative working at Hong Kong's The Sun 大新 department store. Tong Jung’s thrifty wife living in the village handled the family finances and was able to save enough to purchase over a period of time 40 mu of rice fields. Her capable management of the family's finances enabled them to live under fairly comfortable circumstances. The household included Tong Jung's mother, wife, two children as well as two mui-tsai9 妹仔 -- Shun Ho 順好, who left the family soon after the outbreak of Sino-Japanese War, and Lin Ho 蓮好, who left soon after the end of World War II.

A few years afterward, the Sino-Japanese War erupted in July 1937. The Japanese captured Guangzhou in October 1938. Tong Jung's wife scraped up what money she had and sent Chung Ming (Horatio, Sr.) to Hong Kong, where he lived with Fifth Grand Uncle at Cheung Sha Wan Road 長沙環道 in Sham Shui Po 深水埗, Kowloon. After her mother-in-law passed away, Chuck Yook King with daughter Yook Ying (Laura) also left the village for Hong Kong in summer 1939. The family then moved to Tong Jung's property at Fook Wing Street. Fifth Grand Uncle and his family also moved in.

Chung Ming (Horatio, Sr.) and Yook Ying (Laura) attended Kowloon Tong Primary School 九龍塘小學 for about a year. Their education was interrupted when the Japanese attacked and captured Hong Kong in December 1941 after they had wiped out most of America's Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor.

The family then returned to Tong Gaa, which had in the meantime been occupied by the Japanese since February 1940. The family managed to survive with rent collected from the rice fields that Chuck Yook King had previously purchased. The family also maintained a stall opposite the front of the house peddling fruits, candies and cigarettes to help with the family income, although it also served the purpose of diverting envious eyes away from the family's comparatively comfortable circumstances. Tong Jung's wife also was able to dole out assistance to the families of her brother and widowed older sister as well as to the family of Tong Jung's older sister during the war years. The children continued their interrupted education and attended classes taught by Leung Mun Wong 梁文旺 (Ben Jung’s older brother) in one of the village's ancestral temples. They sometimes were picked upon by classmates since the family belonged to the small minority with other surnames in a village where most of the population belonged to either the Tong or Leung clans. During these years Yook Ying was a sickly child and missed many classes. At other times she would cut classes to dig for oysters at the water's edge with the family's mui tsai.

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Across the Pacific Tong Jung and two partners had opened Tong's Inn Restaurant 唐園 in Tracy, California, during World War II. Business was excellent during the prosperity brought on by the war. It also enabled his nephews Tommy and Yet Tong and niece Kay Tong, who had immigrated into the US, to have part time jobs at the restaurant while they attended school. However, the work was hard and hours long. That plus anxiety over his family stranded in China caused Tong Jung to suffer from insomnia for a lengthy period, which seriously undermined his health.

Broken DreamsAfter the war ended, Chuck Yook King sent her son Cheung (Jeung) Chung Ming

(Horatio, Sr.) to Hong Kong in October 1945 to avoid the chaos of the Chinese civil war. She and Yook Ying (Laura) followed in the summer of 1946. The family lived at Fook Wing Street,

1 The surname Cheung (Jeung) 張 ranked third among the population in China at around 6.5% (Wang is first at 7.6%, followed by Li at 3%); listed no. 24 in Surnames of the Hundred Families 百家姓. Some variations in transliteration are: Cheong, Chiang, Chiong, Chong, Chung, Jang, Cheung (Jeung), Jong, Dew, Diong, Diu, Tiew, Tjiang, Tjoeng, Tjong, Tjo, Thang, Tio, Tiu, Teo, Teoh, Tiong, Zhang, Chang, and Truong.

Attributed Origins: 1. From Ji 姬 clan (xing). Hui 揮, fifth son of Shaohao 少昊, who in turn was son of the Yellow Emperor, was inventor of the bow and arrow. The Yellow Emperor bestowed upon him the surname Zhang 張; 2. Jiehou 解侯, style Zhang 張, was an official serving first the state of Jin 晉 (Shanxi) and then Han 韓 (southwest Shanxi and northwest Henan). His descendants used his style as their surname; 3. Ji Liang 姬良 was a member of the nobility of the state of Han 韓 when it was conquered by Qin 秦. After failing in an assassination attempt on Qin Shihuang 秦始皇, he changed his surname to Zhang 張 and went into hiding. Most of the Zhang clan in Guangdong claim descent from members of this branch that migrated from the north after the Tang and Song dynasties; 4. A number of individuals and clans in non-Han groups who for various reasons have changed their surnames to Zhang.

Prefectures associated with the surname: Qinghe 清河 (Hebei).

Major associations in the Chinese American community: Lung Kong Tin Yee Association 龍崗親義公所 (with the Liu 劉, Guan 關, and Zhao 趙 clans); Cheung Family Association 張家公所; Cheung Family Association of USA 美國張氏宗親會.2 Chinese personal names usually consisted of two characters. It was customary practice in Chinese lineages for individuals in the same generation to use the same character as one of the characters in their personal names. In traditional China these characters were often designated by the progenitor of the lineage, often in the form of a meaningful phrase, a couplet or a poem. The Cheung (Jeung) lineage used the following poem for names to identify different generations: Kai Yun Gong Naam, Baak Sai Kei Cheung 啓潤江南, 百世祈昌. Judging by the Cheung (Jeung) Soong Naam's generational identifier, he belonged to the fourth generation of the lineage.3 Saam Heung is one of the areas in Zhongshan where the villagers speak a dialect derived from that of southern Fujian (Minnan 閩南dialect). People from Fujian have settled in this area beginning around 10 AD during the Song Dynasty. At that time the region was still a beach bordering on a shallow sea. In the centuries since then alluvial soil deposits had continuously encroached upon the sea so that the seashore is located about 10 miles south of Saam Heung

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Sham Shui Po in Kowloon in the house purchased with money remitted by Tong Jung. Fifth Grand Uncle and his family also lived in the same house. The children continued their schooling at Kowloon Tong School, where they maintained excellent scholastic records.

Tong Jung was soon reunited with the family. He had sold Tong's Inn soon after the war ended and hastened to depart on the S.S. Marine Adder on Dec. 23, 1946 to Hong Kong. This was the first time that Cheung (Jeung) Yook Ying (Laura) met her father. Another son William Kwok Yin Jung 張國賢 was born on December 6 (24th day of the 10th moon), 1947 during Tong Jung's sojourn in Hong Kong. The youngest son Albert Kwok Sin Jung 張國善, however, was born on July 4, 1949 after Tong Jung had left for America on the S.S. President Wilson and arrived at San Francisco on May 14, 1949.

In 1947 as the political situation in China was deteriorating rapidly, Tong Jung had purchased at low prices a four-storied building at 40 Sin Kee East Street 冼基東街 in the central part and the Oi Wah [love China] Confectionary Plant 愛華餅乾厰 on Kong Yat [resist Japan]

(Sanxiang) “Three Villages”. Saam Heung received its name from the three large villages of Ping Laam (Pinglan), Wu Seik (Wushi) and Kiu Tau (Qiaotou 橋頭). According to traditional accounts, the Pang (Peng 彭) and Guan 關clans were already living in the Wu Seik area during the Tang 唐 dynasty. Later they were joined by the Jung (Zheng 鄭), Look (Lu 陸) and Chan (Chen 陳) clans. During the Northern Song 北宋 dynasty between 1023 and 1031, a branch of the Jung (Zheng 鄭) clan moved from Wu Seik to settle at Ping Laam. The Jung (Zheng) clan was first to settle in Kiu Tau in 1044 AD. The three villages Wu Seik, Kiu Tau, and Ping Laam are located adjacent to each other from north to south with the township government located on a site just east of the three. Ah Gong (Yagang) is located 1-1/2 miles southeast of the township government center. It was settled by the Chan, Ng (Wu 吳), Lau (Liu 劉) and other clans who migrated from Shekki (Shiqi 石岐), where the government of Heungshan 香山 (Zhongshan 中山) was located to Gonglao Shan 公老山 around 1567-72 during the Ming 明 dynasty, and then to the present site. The name was derived from the fact that crows used to congregate on the hill nearby. It is uncertain whether the Cheung (Jeung) clan was part of this migrating group. 4 According to Gazetteer of Zhuhai Municipality, Boo Tsai Village was founded during the Qing dynasty (1644-1912). 5 Tong was a well-known comprador from Tong Gaa village.6 Letter, INS to Wayne M. Collins, dated Jan. 10, 1966; in re: Laura Yook Ying Jung (Lai), Respondent; Proceedings to cancel certificate of citizenship under Section 342 of the Immigration and Nationality Act. (INS File AA-18804 (C-9) A23 127 076). 7 The generational identifier should have been Sai; however, the powerful Tong clan in Tong Gaa already was using the character Sai in its generation identifier poem: Yik Him Gwoon Yue Seun, Baak Sai Wing Chiu Tsoong 益謙官譽信，百世永昭宗. Thus Tong Jung had to use another generational name Ping.8 Tong Siu Yee (Tang Shaoyi 唐紹儀) was one of the eighty youths sent by the Qing government during the 1870s to study in the U.S. After the founding of the republic, he became the first premier of China but served only for half a year. During the 1920s he was often in Guangdong.9 Mui-tsai is the Cantonese term for a female domestic slave. They were generally bought from or given away by poor families. They were clothed and fed by the master and were not paid wages.

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West Road 抗日西路 in the Sai Gwan [west gate] 西關 district in the western part of Guangzhou. Jung Wai Lo 鄭惠羅, husband of 陳淑珍, daughter of Tong Jung's godfather Chun Haam, and a Chinese who had lived in the Philippines, became the manager of the plant. Tong Jung had deep feelings for his native land and his investments were intended for his retirement in China and an inheritance for his children.

Tong Jung also began the process of filing documents for his two older children to emigrate to America to experience life and society in preparation for adulthood. At that time he had intended for them to return to Hong Kong after five years to help manage his businesses and investments. He also filled the slot that he had created with Horatio Jung, Sr.'s second cousin, Leung Mun Ping 梁文平, who now became Bing Wing Jung 鄭炳榮 (later he took the name Bennett Jung in America), "second son" of Tong Jung. In preparation for their lives in America, Chung Ming chose the western name Horatio and Yook Ying the name Laura. Horatio and Laura also changed their family name in the records of Kowloon Tong School from Cheung (Jeung) 張 to Jung 鄭, which must have seemed strange to their classmates.

During this period there was a great demand for the limited number of immigration visas to America available to Chinese. Tong Jung had to resort to bribery through intermediaries to facilitate the paperwork. In late September 1949 the trio boarded the S.S. President Wilson and embarked on the voyage that would determine their future. They booked passage in the special third class section for $350 each and survived seasickness during the 18-day voyage to arrive in San Francisco in early October. They were detained for a week awaiting interrogation by INS officials. During that period the victorious Communist armies entered Guangzhou. All three of the Jung’s were officially admitted to the US on October 14, 1949. They were among the 240 Chinese who were children of US citizens admitted to the US in 1949. Chuck Yook King, together with infant sons William and Albert, finally arrived in America in September 1952, and for the first time, Tong Jung enjoyed normal family life in America.

Political changes in China upset Tong Jung's plans for retirement. During the early 1950s Tong Jung's rice fields at Tong Gaa were confiscated during the land reform although title to the houses in Boo Tsai and Tong Gaa remained his. During the late 1950s the Confectionary Plant in Guangzhou was merged with other plants to form the South China Confectionary Plant 華南餅乾厰. Although dividends continued to be paid on the business and rent collected on the house in Guangzhou, the money could not be remitted out of China.

Tong Jung started from scratch to prepare for his retirement. He was a shrewd businessman and in little more than a decade his investment in Hong Kong utility stocks had built up a substantial portfolio. He also purchased a hotel on Broadway for $70,000 in 1959 that was sold in 1961 to purchase the apartment building at 1754 Stockton Street.

Readjustment of Citizenship StatusDuring the 1950s the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) had been

investigating and prosecuting Chinese immigration fraud. By the end of the decade it began to move against the Jung family in earnest. In 1959 a car containing Laura, her husband and friends were flagged down by INS officials soon after they had reentered the US on a visit to Vancouver, Canada, to establish the fact that she had left the country. In 1961 an immigration inspector visited Fai Jung, Tong Jung's paper brother, telling him to confess his fraudulent status, and that Tong Jung had already confessed. The frightened Wong broke down and signed a confession, after which he phoned the Jung family. Since Tong Jung had not confessed, he decided to depart for Hong Kong in order to protect the citizenship status of his children. He purchased an apartment at Flat A, Ninth Floor, Lake Side Building 湖邊大廈,

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Causeway Bay 銅鑼灣, Victoria, in preparation for his retirement. However, he could not obtain permanent residence in Hong Kong and temporarily had to live in Macao with the family of Fifth Grand Uncle's daughter Gum Yook 金玉 and her husband Siu Duck Sung 蕭德生, and commute to Hong Kong weekly. Fifth Grand Uncle and his family and Tong Jung's god-sister and her family were invited to share the Hong Kong apartment.

In the meantime the health of Tong Jung's wife had been deteriorating. Her diabetic condition caused her to be partially blind. She alarmed the family by going into diabetic shock a couple of times. She became bedridden with "cardiac decompensation, pleural effusion, uremia, and severe anorexia and vomiting."10 The concerned family made plans for her to be escorted to Hong Kong to be reunited with her husband. Due to the fact that the citizenship status of the immediate family members were now in doubt, the only one whose citizenship status was unquestionable and could escort her to Hong Kong was Laura's husband, Him Mark Lai, who was born in the US. Plans were finalized to leave by Pan-American Airlines on January 20, 1962. But on January 19, the District Director of the INS at San Francisco issued a “Notice of Temporary Prevention of Departure” against her because she was considered to be "a material witness in investigations relating to Jung Tong, Jung San, and Jane Jung being conducted by the INS and the Department of State, Office of Security."11

Ernest Besig of the American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California was enlisted by the family to fight the order. After several months of legal maneuvers, a recommendation of the INS Special Inquiry Officer on August 10, 1962 that the temporary order be made final was withdrawn by the INS District Director on the grounds that the INS "no longer requires the presence of Chuck Yook King in the United States."

Him Mark finally departed with his mother-in-law in October 1962, stopping overnight in Honolulu and in Tokyo before arriving in Hong Kong. After resting briefly at the apartment Lakeside Building, where the family of Jung Wai Lo as well as Fifth Grand Uncle were living, she was reunited with Tong Jung in Macao. She passed away shortly afterward on January 30, 1963 and was cremated. Shortly afterward Tong Jung, who had liver cancer, wished to see the family again and negotiated with the INS through an attorney for his safe entry into the US.

Tong Jung arrived on March 29, 1963 and was admitted to Chinese Hospital upon disembarking from the plane. He passed away on April 5, 1963 and was buried at the Chinese Look Shan Cemetery at Colma on April 21, 1963. Yook King Chuck's ashes were sent back from Hong Kong in the 1990s and buried beside Tong Jung's grave.

On March 25, 1963 before Tong Jung departed for the US, he married Lee Shui Fong 李瑞芳 in St. Teresa's Church at 258 Prince Edward Road, Kowloon.12 Lee was a former teacher in Macao, who Gum Yook had known since 1955 and had introduced to Tong Jung.13 Tong Jung's intentions were eventually to have her immigrate to the US to be stepmother to his younger children, then still teen-agers. However, since Tong Jung's citizenship status was being questioned, Lee Shui Fong could not immigrate to the US as the spouse of a citizen. Horatio, Sr. let her have the title to the apartment at Lakeside Building, where she was living. She was joined by her nephews Lee Yu Hing 李譽興 and Lee Yu Lau 李譽鎏 .

10 Medical Resume by Dr. George D. Fung, Mar. 9, 1962. 11 U.S. Dept. of Justice INS Notice of Hearing Pursuant to 22 CFR 46. 5 issued to Chuck Yook King, Mar. 7, 1962.12 Certificate of Marriage, Hong Kong Marriage Ordinance, Section 21 dated Mar. 25, 1963.13 Letter, Lee Shui Fong to Laura Lai, May 7, 1964.

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Tong Jung’s questionable citizenship status plagued the family in America through the 1970s. Ernest Besig introduced Horatio and Laura to civil rights attorney Wayne Collins to handle their immigration cases. Laura regained her permanent resident status in 1970 and her citizenship in 1974. A different section of the immigration and naturalization law applied to Horatio, Sr. and it took him until 1982 to receive his permanent residence and February 20, 1985 to regain his citizenship. His wife Jane, however, regained her permanent residency much earlier in 1971 and citizenship on April 9, 1974. Albert received his permanent residence status in 1972 and citizenship in 1978. The loss of citizenship status affected the cost of education for William and Albert since without legal residency they had to pay the same college tuition as foreign students. They were not alone in having immigration status problems, for during this same period, many fellow villagers of Tong Jung and Horatio also had their citizenship status readjusted, including Horatio's wife Jane and her brothers who were born in China, Horatio's paper brother Bennett, as well as his older brother Kenneth Tong, and Horatio's first cousins, Tommy, Kay and Yet Tong.

A final settlement of Tong Jung's properties did not come until the 1990s. Lee Shui Fong suffered a stroke in 1985 and passed away in 1987. After her death her nephew Yu Hing gave the title of the Lakeside Building apartment back to Horatio, Sr., who then sold the apartment to Hing. Horatio also was able to recover Tong Jung's Hong Kong stock portfolio. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, through the help of Gwok Bing Sum 郭炳深, his maternal aunt's son who was working in the Real Properties Department 房管局 in Guangzhou's Xiguan 西關 District, Horatio, Sr., regained title to the property on Sin Kee East Street, which had been occupied by squatters during the Cultural Revolution; however, there was little he could do with the building since it was in an advanced state of disrepair and could be condemned as structurally unsound. As for the confectionary factory, it was demolished and another building built on the site. Horatio, Sr., regained his right to usage of the site. Soon afterward the government took the site by eminent domain to build a station for the new Guangzhou subway. Monetary remuneration or a site in Fong Chuen 芳村 across the Pearl River was offered. Horatio, Sr. accepted the money, the bulk of which was deposited in the bank since only limited sums can be taken out of China. Some of this money had been used by Jung family members visiting China.

Establishing Families in America

After Horatio and Laura landed in 1949, they lived in two rooms at $15 per month on the fifth floor of Dai Gei Ok 大畿屋 at 874 Sacramento Street on the northeast corner of Sacramento and Stockton streets. They rented the rooms from Kenneth Tong 唐社權 (aka Leung Yau Gun 梁有根) who had rented the entire fifth floor. He was their second cousin and the older brother of Bing Wing Jung, Tong Jung’s “second son.” The rooms had neither hot water nor bathrooms

At the time Horatio was 20 and began attending Continuation School and also worked as assistant to his father at the Lodge, a boarding house at Octavia and Sutter streets in San Francisco. Soon after his arrival, he began dating regularly Tong Gum Tsoey 唐金敍 (aka Tong Gim Ming 唐劍明 and Jane Yow), a beauty known in the village as the "Queen of Gai Paak" 雞柏皇后 and whom Horatio had previously known in visits to Gai Paak Village. Her father also was one of the few Chinese immigrants to have reported the birth of a daughter, thus enabling her to immigrate to America.

Horatio, Sr. and Jane married in 1952. Horatio, Sr. did not follow the Chinese custom of changing to a marriage name with a generational identifier but instead kept using the name he was given at birth. The newly-weds moved to a small apartment on Clay Street behind the Hung

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Kee store, the proprietor of whom was a fellow villager from Gai Paak. Six months later, in preparation for the arrival of Horatio's mother and his two younger brothers, they moved to a flat on Montgomery Street between Vallejo and Green streets. Horatio began working at the U.S. Post Office while Jane continued her work in a garment factory. The Korean War was going on at the time, but Horatio, Sr. escaped being inducted into the armed forces due to the timely arrival of his first-borns. The birth of the sibling twins made the local newspapers due to the fact that they were the earliest babies born during Chinese New year. Horatio K. Jung, aka Cheung (Jeung) Yook Geen 張育堅 ("nurtured firmness"), was born February 13, 1953 just before midnight brought in the new year, while Horace G. Jung, aka Cheung (Jeung) Yook Gai 張育佳 ("nurtured excellence"), came on February 14, 1953, just after midnight.

In 1955 Tong Jung and Horatio, Sr.'s families moved to 357 Union Street. Horatio, Sr. had another son Eugene V. Jung, aka Cheung (Jeung) Yook Kei 張育奇 ("nurtured eminence"), on April 9, 1957. In 1959 Horatio sold the house on Union Street to Laura and her husband and moved together with his parents' family to a property he purchased on Water Street. Soon afterward, he moved to the hotel Tong Jung had bought on Broadway Street.

Later, when Tong Jung left for Hong Kong, Horatio moved to the apartment on Stockton Street. In the meantime, due to his citizenship status being questionable, Horatio, Sr. quit his position at the U.S. Postal Service after working 5-1/2 years and found employment as a caretaker at Park Merced in 1956, where a number of Gai Paak fellow villagers were employed. After a year he became foreman due to his fluency in English and gregarious personality. Five years afterward he became supervisor, and one year later he was promoted to inspector. In February 1970 he was hired by Natoma Oil Company as custodian and stayed with the company until his retirement on September 30, 1992.

When Tong Jung left for Hong Kong and Chuck Yook King became bedridden. Horatio, Sr. and Jane became the heads of the family that included Horatio's two younger brothers, William Kwok Yin and Albert Kwok Sin Jung as well as the couple's three children, Horatio K., Horace G., and Eugene V. Jung. The ages of the younger sons of Tong Jung were only a few years greater than Horatio's own children and their relationship was more like siblings than that between uncles and nephews. Horatio and Jane took care of them as if they were their own children.

In 1941 Tong Jung was one of 53 individuals who founded Jop Khan Association 集群社 as a social place for people from his native Seung Goong Seung Du 上恭常都. In 1952 he was one of the members who contributed funds to purchase the association's headquarters building at 243 Joice Street. He also was an active supporter of the Jop Sen Association 集善堂 that was in charge of the cemetery and other benevolent activities for fellow villagers from that region in China. Due to the fact that many of the immigrants came from Gai Paak Village and so did Tong Jung's mother, many members of the Jop Khan Association addressed him affectionately and respectfully as kau fu 舅父 (maternal uncle). As Tong Jung approached retirement age, Horatio, Sr. played a more active and prominent role in the fellow villagers organizations. He has served as board member and officer in the Jop Sen Association, board member of the Chinese Cemetery Association 六山管理處, and board member of Yeong Wo Benevolent Association 陽和會館. Although he never joined Jop Khan Association, the bulk of his social activities revolved around the association and up to mid-2007 he spent most of his weekends there, socializing and playing mahjongg with fellow villagers and friends. However, since then the weekend gatherings have been suspended indefinitely as age, sickness, and death decimated the ranks of frequent visitors to the Jop Khan Association headquarters.

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After Laura 張玉英 landed in America, she worked for a time at the Lodge, but at other times she had part-time jobs as a domestic in private residences. She first enrolled in Washington Irving Elementary School, but because she was already 16 years old, she was soon promoted to Galileo High School. She became active in a Chinatown youth club, Mun Ching 民青, and was active in vernacular dramas and choral singing. There she also met Him Mark Lai 麥禮謙, a native San Franciscan of Nanhai, Guangdong ancestry, whom she married after she graduated from high school in 1953. They are childless.

After marriage Laura worked as a clerk in the Union Oil Company. She joined Pacific Gas and Electric Company as a key punch operator in 1957 and then Pacific Gas Transmission Corporation as a computer and data recorder operator. Laura retired from Pacific Gas Transmission in 1995, when the company moved to Oregon. Him Mark and she are active in the Chinese Historical Society of America and the Chinese Culture Foundation of San Francisco. To date, she is also a frequent visitor to Jop Khan Association on Saturdays.

As a child William 張國賢 was hyper-active and got into a lot of mischief. As he grew older, he became active in Cameron House. The experience channeled his energy into constructive channels when he reached the late teens. William attended Garfield Elementary School and Francisco Junior High School. He graduated from Galileo High School in 1965. He then matriculated at San Jose State College and Hastings Law School. William was in the army from 1970 to 1973 as a law clerk and was the first of the Jung family to regain his U.S. citizenship.

After his discharge from the army, William worked in the US Postal Service. In 1976 he went with a group led by his brother-in-law Him Mark Lai to visit China. In 1977 he became a transit operator at San Francisco's Municipal Railway. He soon became variously a labor representative, recording secretary, financial secretary, treasurer, and executive vice president of the Transport Workers Union Local 250 and staff representative and secretary of the Transport Workers Union California State Conference, the political arm of the union. William also was an active member of the North Beach and Golden Gate Democratic clubs and United Way Community Services Committee, first vice-president of the San Francisco chapter, Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance, and vice president of Jop Sen Association and board of trustees member of Yeong Wo Benevolent association.

William married Nittaya Ratanahoung, an immigrant from Thailand, in 1983. They have two children: son Matthew W. Cheung (Jeung), aka Cheung (Jeung) Yook Wah 張育華 ("nurtured magnificence"), born February 11, 1988 and daughter Monique N. Jung, aka Cheung (Jeung) Yook Jun 張育珍 ("nurtured treasure"), born November 9, 1993. William passed away in the morning of December 14, 1998 at his home due to heart failure. Officers of the union were pallbearers at the funeral and the San Francisco Board of Supervisors adjourned its regular meeting of December 21, 1998 out of respect to his memory. The city provided the funeral entourage with a 17 motorcycle police escort to his final interment at the Chinese Look Shan Cemetery.

Albert 張國善 graduated from Galileo High School in June 1967 and attended the University of Florida, where he graduated in 1975 with a B.S. in biology, specializing in the study of arachnids. He and Bessie Ng 伍彩玉, a native San Franciscan of Taishan, Guangdong ancestry, was part of a group organized by brother-in-law Him Mark Lai to visit China in 1976. They were married that same year after the trip. Albert then opened a dental laboratory. They have two sons: Jason C. Cheung (Jeung), aka Cheung (Jeung) Yook Sing 張育成 ("nurtured

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accomplishment"), born June 3, 1979, and Jonathan R. Cheung (Jeung), aka Cheung (Jeung) Yook Gei 張育基 ("nurtured foundation"), born December 2, 1981.

Horatio K. Jung 張育堅, Horatio's oldest son, graduated from Galileo High School in 1970. He was employed by Holiday Inn as Assistant Controller from 1980 to 1985. Later he went into business for himself making signs and then was hired by UCSF to manage inventory. He married Bessie Ng's younger sister Bella, aka Ng Bik Yook 伍碧玉, in 1982. They have two children, Stephanie Cheung (Jeung), aka Cheung (Jeung) Wing Haan 張潁嫻 ("outstanding refinement"), born Oct. 25, 1987, and Kristen L. Cheung (Jeung), aka Cheung (Jeung) Wing Yun 張穎茵 ("outstanding tender grass"), born March 18, 1992. Bella passed away at home from brain cancer on October 31, 2007.

Horace G. Jung 張育佳 graduated from Galileo High School and from the school of pharmacy at the University of the Pacific. In 1979 he married Marian F. Fungm aka Fung Mei Ling 馮美玲, a American-born of Heshan, Guangdong ancestry. They have two children: daughter Courtney J. Cheung (Jeung), aka Cheung (Jeung) Wing Yee 張穎儀 ("outstanding demeanor"), born April 11, 1985, and son Nicholas G. Jung, aka Cheung (Jeung) Wing Leung 張穎良 (“outstanding goodness"), born June 15, 1989. Horace and Marian divorced in 1995 and in 2001, Horace married Lisa Chin, an American-born of Taishan, Guangdong ancestry.

Eugene V. Jung 張育奇 graduated from the University of California, Berkeley, and became an accountant. He married Erin Dunn in August 1991 and the couple divorced in 1995. They were childless.

Relatives of the Jung (Jeung) FamilyThere are a number of relatives of the Jung family. Some have been mentioned in the

preceding paragraphs when they interfaced with the lives of members of the Jung family. Following are sketches of some of these relatives using Tong Jung and Horatio Jung, Sr. as the points of reference:

Horatio Jung's In-Laws

Horatio Jung's wife Jane Yow was the daughter of Jam Yow 游湛, aka Tong Yee Chun 唐貽椿 of Gai Paak, who was a paper son. He was married to Leung Juen Ching 梁鑽清. Jane Yow was born in the village when her mother returned to China from the U.S. during the 1920s. Jam Yow also had two sons: Daat Ling Yow, aka Tong Daat Ling 唐達靈, and Edmund Yow, aka Tong Daat Mun 唐達敏, born in the U.S. Jam Yow also brought over Tong Chiu Mau 唐超謀 as his paper son. He himself entered the US claiming derivative U.S. citizenship and served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War I. During the 1960s, INS agents probed into the citizenship status of the Yow family and Jane's citizenship was stripped in 1966. She regained citizenship status in 1974.

Daat Ling Yow remained a bachelor. Edmund Yow married and had one son Herman and two daughters, Annie and Lola, who would be maternal first cousins of the children of Horatio, Sr. and Jane Jung as well as the children of William and Nittaya, Albert and Bessie Jung.

Tong Jung's Siblings, Horatio Jung, Sr.'s First Cousins

Tong Jung's oldest sister Cheung (Jeung) Yee 張意 became the wife of Ching Foo Yip 程富業 of Tong Gaa. They had two daughters--Ching Gum Jeu 程金珠 and Ching Gum Juen 程

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金鑽, and one son Ching Gwoon Gun 程觀根, aka Ching Man Lee 程萬里. They are Horatio, Sr.'s first cousins (gu biu 姑表).14

Ching Gum Jeu 程金珠 married Leung Duck Hop 梁德合 and had three daughters, Leung Jee 梁芝, Leung Yoong 梁蓉, and Leung Saam Woon 梁三換 as well as a son Leung Yeun Chee 梁潤馳. In 1976 Laura, William, and Albert visited Ching Gum Jeu and her family. They were the first ones in the Jung family to visit Tong Gaa Village since the 1940s. In the 1980s Ching Gum Jeu and her son and two daughters Leung Jee and Leung Saam Woon moved from Tong Gaa to Hong Kong. Leung Yoong remained in Zhuhai. She is married to Leung Yiu Ming 梁耀明, who was an engineer and a deputy mayor of Zhuhai Municipality.

Ching Gwoon Gun 程觀根, aka Ching Man Lee 程萬里, and his mother left the village for Hong Kong in 1957. Ching Gum Juen brought them to America in 1967. Ching Gwoon Gun married Tong Shee 唐氏, but they separated after they immigrated to the U.S. He remarried Lei Shee 利鳳仙, an immigrant from Singapore, and had a son Tony Ching, aka Ching Ho Wai 程可為, and a daughter Michelle Ching, aka Ching Man Lai 程曼麗. Both would be second cousins of the children of Horatio and Jane Jung as well as the children of William and Nittaya, Albert and Bessie Jung.

Cheung (Jeung) Yee's sister Cheung (Jeung) Gaan 張間 married Tong Yee Kun 唐貽勤 of Gai Paak, who was an immigrant to the US. She gave birth to a son Tong Hong Wai 唐康惠, aka Tommy Tong, daughter Tong Gum Ngor 唐金娥, aka Kay Tong, and another son Tong Yet 唐日. All three immigrated to the US in the late 1930s. They are also Horatio, Sr.'s paternal first cousins (gu biu 姑表)15.

Cheung (Jeung) Gaan passed away soon after Yet Tong was born. Tong Yee Kun married Loo Bo Ping 盧寳平 and had two more daughters--Tong Lai Hoong 唐麗紅 and Tong Sook Yee 唐淑儀, aka Olivia Tong. Olivia Tong and her mother immigrated to the U.S. during the early 1960s. Her mother returned to live in Gai Shan Village during the 1990s.

Tommy Tong married Sie Yee Ching 佘意清. The couple had one daughter Bonnie Tong, aka Tong Miu Fong 唐妙芳, and five sons: Keith Tong, aka Tong Joong Kei 唐頌祺; Kenneth Tong, aka Tong Joong Sing 唐頌誠; Kerry Tong, aka Tong Joong Wing 唐頌榮; Kingston Tong, aka Tong Joong Wai 唐頌威; and Kolin Tong, aka Tong Joong Nga 唐頌雅.

14 The nomenclature for relatives is much more specific in Chinese than in English. For example, the term uncle is expressed in Cantonese as baak fu 伯父 for the father's older brothers, sook fu 叔父 for the father's younger brothers, and kau fu 舅父 for the mother's brothers. Similarly, the English term aunt is expressed in Cantonese as gu ma 姑媽 for the fathers older sisters, gu jie 姑姐 for father's younger sisters, yee ma 姨媽 for the mother's older sisters, and ah yee 阿姨 for the mother's younger sisters. The English term cousin is expressed as tong hing dai jee mui 堂兄弟姐妹 for brothers and sisters older and younger than oneself who have fathers that are brothers of one's father; the term 姑表 is used to refer to cousins when the mother is the sister of one's father, kau biu 舅表 to refer to cousins when the father is the brother of one's mother, and yee biu 姨表 to cousins when the mother is the sister of one's mother. 15

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These would be second cousins of the children of Horatio, Sr. and Jane Jung as well as the children of William and Nittaya, Albert and Bessie Jung.

Kay Tong married Rev. Robert Fung 馮肇植 and moved to San Diego. They are childless.

Yet Tong married Ching Gum Juen 程金鑽, who was his maternal first cousin. The couple had a daughter Mimi Tong, aka Tong Lai Yee 唐麗兒, and two sons—Herbert Tong, aka Tong Geen Guong 唐健光, and Stanley Tong, aka Tong Geen Wai 唐健偉. These would be second cousins of the children of Horatio, Sr. and Jane Jung as well as the children of William and Nittaya, Albert and Bessie Jung.

Tong Jung's In-Laws, Horatio Jung's Maternal First Cousins

Chuck Yook King, Tong Jung's wife, had a brother Chuck Gaa Hoong 卓家鴻 (Horatio, Sr. addressed him as maternal uncle, kau fu 舅父) and a sister (Horatio, Sr. addressed her as maternal aunt yee ma 姨媽). Chuck Gaa Hoong had three sons--Chuck Wai Ming 卓偉明, Chuck Wai Leung 卓偉亮, and Chuck Wai Sang 卓偉生, as well as a daughter, Chuck Wai Ngun 卓偉銀 by a second marriage. Chuck Wai Leung lived in Gwoon Tong Village, Zhuhai. Chuck Wai Ming and Wai Sang were both workers in Guangzhou. Chuck Wai Ming had a son and a daughter and his younger brother Wai Sang had three daughters and a son. These offsprings would be second cousins of the children of Horatio, Sr. and Jane Jung as well as the children of William and Nittaya, Albert and Bessie Jung. Chuck Wai Ngun is living in Hong Kong.

Chuck Yook King's older sister became a widow at an early age. She had a son Gwok Bing Sum. After the founding of the People's Republic, he was given an opportunity for an education and he graduated from the South China Engineering Institute 地玭厩皘. He worked in the Guangzhou government bureau overseeing real property. His familiarity with the bureaucracy was instrumental in guiding Horatio through the administrative maze to successfully recover Tong Jung's properties in Guangzhou. Gwok Bing Sum had two daughters, Ping 萍 and Jeung 璋, and a son Hoong Mun 雄文, who would be second cousins of the children of Horatio, Sr. and Jane Jung as well as the children of William and Nittaya, Albert and Bessie Jung.

Tong Jung's First Cousins, Horatio Jung's Second Cousins Cheung Baak Yin, eldest son of Cheung Soong Naam, Tong Jung's paternal uncle (baak

fu 伯父) and Horatio Jung's Dai Baak Goong 大伯公 or First Paternal Grand Uncle immigrated to Peru. He had a daughter Cheung (Jeung) Yook Yip 張玉葉 and a son Cheung (Jeung) Wai 張威. His daughter married Leung Chuen Chiu 梁寸超 of Tong Gaa Village and was the mother of five sons--Leung Yau Gun 梁有根, who immigrated to the US in the 1930s as She Kuen Tong 唐社權, aka Kenneth Tong, a paper son; Leung Mun Yung 梁文容; Leung Mun Wong 梁文旺, aka Leung Jee Geen 梁志堅; Leung Mun Ping 梁文平, who immigrated to the U.S. in 1949 as Bing Wing Jung 鄭炳榮, paper son of Tong Jung; and Leung Mun Sing 梁文成. She also had two daughters—Leung Sau Ying 梁秀英 and Leung Gum Jau 梁金就. These are Horatio's second cousins on the paternal side (gu biu 姑表). Kenneth Tong was married to Tong Hei Mun 唐希文 and had two sons--Gary Tong, aka Leung Gaa Chuck 梁嘉焯, and Danny Tong, aka Leung Gaa Yee 梁嘉儀, and a daughter Susan Tong, aka Leung Soo Sin 梁素仙.

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Bing Wing Jung married Tommy Tong's daughter Bonnie Tong in 1962. She passed away in 1989. They had a daughter Diane Jung, aka Leung Doi Yin 梁黛燕, and a son Edward Jung, aka Leung Jee Yuen 梁志遠. Bonnie passed away in 1989.

Leung Gum Jau's son Cheung (Jeung) Chi 張馳 entered the U.S. as a student during the late 1980s and later acquired permanent resident status. He has two sisters Zhang Ying 張瑩 and Cheung (Jeung) Foon 張歡 in China, who would also be third cousins of the children of Horatio, Sr. and Jane Jung. Leung Gum Jau also immigrated to the U.S. during the early 21st century.

The children of Kenneth Tong, Bing Wing Jung and Leung Gum Jau would be third cousins of the children of Horatio and Jane Jung as well as William and Nittaya, Albert and Bessie Jung.

Cheung (Jeung) Wai had two sons--Cheung (Jeung) Gaam 張淦 and Cheung (Jeung) Tong 張棠, and a daughter Cheung (Jeung) Ngan 張雁, who married into the Tong clan of Gai Paak Village. She immigrated to the U.S. in the 1970s. A son of hers entered the U.S. in the 1980s.

Cheung (Jeung) Baak Wing 張伯榮, who was Cheung (Jeung) Soong Naam's third son, Tong Jung's Saam Sook 三叔 or Third Paternal Uncle, and Horatio Jung, Sr.'s Saam Sook Goong 三叔公 or Third Paternal Grand Uncle, went with his older brother to Peru, where they opened a store. He later moved to Chile. He had a son Seik 石, who was lame. He lived in Boo Tsai Village. Third Grand Uncle also had an adopted daughter Cheung (Jeung) Lin 張蓮, who during the Sino-Japanese War, when the Japanese occupied Tong Gaa, was executed by the Japanese for being part of the anti-Japanese resistance. He had another adopted daughter Cheung (Jeung) Tim Ho 張添好, who immigrated to Vancouver, Canada, with her family during the 1980s.

Horatio Jung, Sr's Fourth Paternal Grand Uncle (Sei Sook Goong 四叔公), who was Cheung (Jeung) Soong Naam's fourth son and Tong Jung's Sei Sook 四叔 or Fourth Paternal Uncle, had planned to immigrate to Peru but died in Hong Kong before he could leave. He had a son named Cheung (Jeung) Mook 張木.

Cheung (Jeung) Baak Cheung 張伯昌, aka Cheung (Jeung) Chue 張柱, who was Cheung (Jeung) Soong Naam's fifth son, Tong Jung's Fifth Paternal Uncle (Ng Sook 五叔), and Horatio Jung, Sr.'s Fifth Paternal Grand Uncle (Ng Sook Goong 五叔公), also went with his oldest brother to Peru, where he was later given charge of the family's store. He ran it for 15 years and then retired to Hong Kong before World War II at the age of 51. Baak Cheung married three times. He had one son by his first wife, Cheung (Jeung) Choong Gun 張重根, aka Cheung (Jeung) Yip Ping 張業平, who in turn had three sons Cheung (Jeung) Go 張高, Cheung (Jeung) Keung 張強, Cheung (Jeung) Fu 張富, and two daughters, Cheung (Jeung) Gwai 張桂 and Cheung (Jeung)Ling 張玲. Cheung (Jeung) Baak Cheung also took one of Tong Soey Jee’s mui tsai as his second wife and took her with him to Peru. The couple adopted a daughter Cheung (Jeung) Gum Yook 張金玉. He later took a third wife. They had a daughter Wai Gwong 惠光, who worked as a social worker in Hong Kong.

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Cheung (Jeung) Gum Yook 張金玉 married Siu Duck Sang 蕭德生, who was connected to the Kuomintang. When the Kuomintang government collapsed in China, the family moved to Macao, where they had two daughters and a son. Gum Yook immigrated to the US during the 1980s and lives in the Los Angeles area.

The grandchildren of the Grand Uncles would all be third cousins of the children of Horatio, Sr. and Jane Jung as well as William and Nittaya, Albert and Bessie Jung.

Tong Jung's Second Cousin, Horatio Jung's Third Cousins

Cheung (Jeung) Shing Tat 張成達 was the grandson of a brother of Cheung (Jeung) Soong Naam, and thus was Tong Jung's paternal second cousin and Horatio Jung Sr.'s paternal third cousin. Cheung Shing Tat's father Cheung Pak Lun 張伯倫 immigrated to Hong Kong. Members of this branch of the Cheung (Jeung) family were Christian converts. Cheung Sing Tat worked at The Sun department store. He became Tong Jung's financial manager in Hong Kong and was the intermediary handling Tong Jung's remittances sent from the US for family support. He also handled Tong Jung's stock portfolio.

Cheung Shing Tat had two daughters and five sons as well as one adopted son Cheung Kwok Ho 張國豪. Many of them have emigrated and scattered all over the globe: Baldwin Cheung, aka Cheung Kwok Hung 張國雄, in Sydney, Australia; Cheung Kwok Wing 張國榮 in New York City; Gina Cheung, aka Cheung Gwok Hing 張國馨, and Cheung Kwok Wai 張國偉 in Calgary, Canada; and Linda Cheung, aka Cheung Gwok Han 張國嫻, in Edmonton, Canada. One son Cheung Kwok Yiu 張國耀 was K-Mart's representative in Shanghai during the 1980s, but has since returned to Hong Kong. Cheung Kwok Ho is still in Hong Kong. Also in Hong Kong is Cheung Shing Tat’s sister Cheung Duen 張緞, who had a son Tong Kwok Gei 唐國基, and Cheung Kwok Doong 張國棟, the son of Cheung Shing Tat’s older brother Cheung Fat 張發. The offspring of these cousins would be fourth cousins of the children of Horatio and Jane Jung as well as the children of William and Nittaya, Albert and Bessie Jung.

Tong Jung's God-Sister, Horatio Jung, Sr.'s God-Aunt

Tong Jung's godfather had a daughter Chun Suk Jun 陳淑珍. Horatio, Sr. refers to her as his adopted-aunt (kai gu tse 契姑姐). She was married to Jang Wai Lo 鄭惠羅, whom Tong Jung asked to manage the confectionery plant and residence building that Tong Jung purchased in Guangzhou.

Jang Wai Lo had three sons and one daughter. Shortly after the founding of the People's Republic, the wife together with her oldest son and daughter settled in Hong Kong. Her other two sons later swam to Hong Kong to rejoin their mother. During the 1960s the family lived in Tong Jung's condominium in the Lakeside Building in Hong Kong. Her husband, however, was unable to leave Guangzhou to be reunited with the family until the 1980s. The parents and oldest son Geen Gei 建基 passed away during the 1990s. One son is still in Hong Kong, while another son Geen Sing 建成 and the daughter Eva 綺華 settled in New York City during the 1970s. Geen Sing has since passed on.

Notes

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Documents

The Jung (Cheung, Jeung) Family History€¦ · Web viewTong Jung periodically remitted money from America for family support through Cheung Shing Tat 張成達, a distant relative