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THE INTERWAR YEARS. CHANGES IN CULTURE. SOCIAL CHANGES. MUSIC. Before the War: Romantic. Post War: Jazz. Louis Armstrong African Influence Reflects racial and class mixing during the war. Strauss Blue Danube Brahms Long Instrumental pieces Recurring themes Emotional. Women. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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MUSICBefore the War: Romantic• Strauss Blue Danube• Brahms• Long Instrumental • pieces• Recurring themes• Emotional
Post War: Jazz• Louis Armstrong• African Influence• Reflects racial and
class mixing during the war
WomenBefore the war• Not allowed to vote• Upper and middle
class women did not work outside the home
• Often not allowed to own or inherit property
Women after the war• Gained the vote• Had become
accustomed to working during the war
• Gaining political power and social freedoms
• Flappers
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Major scientific advancements• Penicillin• Radioactivity• Theory of relativity
Technology• Cars• Radio• Film• Washing machines• Vacuums• Electricity
Literature After the WarLoss of faith: T.S. Elliot “Hollow Man”• “This is the way the world
ends This is the way the world ends This is the way the world ends Not with a bang but a whimper. “
All Quiet on the Western Front•
"The war has ruined us for everything." - Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet On The Western Front, Ch. 5
"We were eighteen and had begun to love life and the world; and we had to shoot it to pieces. The first bomb, the first explosion, burst in our hearts. We are cut off from activity, from striving, from progress. We believe in such things no longer, we believe in the war." - Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet On The Western Front, Ch. 5
Freud and Psychoanalysis• The study of the
mind• Why do we behave
the way we do• Is there a
subconscious that makes us do things we arent really thinking about
• And now, I think, the meaning of evolution of civilization is no longer obscure to us. It must present the struggle between Eros and Death, between the instinct of life and the instinct of destruction, as it works itself out in the human species. This struggle is what all life essentially consists of, and the evolution of civilization may therefore be simply described as the struggle for life of the human species.
ENGLAND• Labor party gains strength.• Britain moves toward socialism---
redistribution of wealth • Workers strike 1926---English
government cracks down and makes anti union laws
• 1916-1922---Irish start war and win independence
USA• Emerges strong from war• Isolationism • “Red Scare”—conservative anti
communist feelings• Immigration laws restrict immigration
from southern and eastern Europe
Germany• Kaiser fled at end of war
Weimar Republic: Democracy replaces empire
Leaders of the republic signed the treaty
FOREIGN POLICY
End Of War •1919 Treaty of Versailles •League of Nations
Cooperation •1925 Locarno Treaties•1928 Kellogg Briand Pact
Defense •Maginot Line
THE GREAT DEPRESSION• 1929—US Stock Market crashes• World wide depression follows• Economic problems worsen• Democracies begin to fail
GERMAN ECONOMIC TAILSPIN
End of War •Coal Mines to France•Reparations•No Army Allowed
Hyperinflation •1923: German coal workers strike government prints more money
•Dawes Plan ---US lends Germany money to help recovery
Depression hits •1923-1929 German economy recovering
•1929 Stock Market crash—US recalls loans