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The In-House Legal Perspective
on International Trade Issues
Douglas Gunson General Manager of Legal Affairs
Nucor Corporation 17 November 2016
Nucor Corporation
• I am General Manager of Legal Affairs for Nucor Corporation (“Nucor”)
• Nucor is the largest North American-based steel producer and the largest recycler in the Western Hemisphere – 2015 Sales: $16.4 billion – 2015 Production: 17.6 million metric tons – More than 24,000 Teammates – 25 Scrap-Based Steel Mills in the United States – All Nucor mills utilize Electric Arc Furnaces
• Nucor companies also manufacture various steel products: – Structural products (i.e., steel joists and decking) – Fabricated rebar – Engineered buildings – Grating – Foundational products and systems
• Nucor also owns the David J. Joseph Company, one of the largest steel scrap dealers and brokers in North America
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36%
21% 10%
8%
13%
12% Sheet
Raw Materials
Bar
Downstream Products
Structural
Plate
Total Tons Sold to Outside Customers in 2015
Nucor Internationally
• Our Canadian operations include a new structural plant and the country’s largest rebar fabricator
• Our 50% JV in Italy is the largest supplier of after-market track shoes for excavation in the world, the largest supplier of structural beams in Italy, and a supplier of SBQ semi-finished material for automotive and energy markets
• Our JVs in Mexico focus on value-added sheet products primarily for the automotive market
• Our Trinidad subsidiary (Nu-Iron Unlimited) produces Direct Reduced Iron (“DRI”)
• Nucor has brokerage, marketing, and trading operations in Canada, Mexico, China, Switzerland, and the UAE
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Areas of Responsibility
• International trade areas of focus and responsibility: – Countervailing duty (“CVD”) – Antidumping (“AD”) – Safeguards – Customs – Trade policy
• To effectively accomplish this effort, I work closely with our: – Commercial team – Government Affairs team – Outside legal counsel
• This requires that I maintain a substantive knowledge of: – WTO rules and U.S. trade laws – Economics of the domestic and international steel industries – Behavior of markets for individual products
• One way I am able to stay up to date on developments in international trade is by participating in conferences like this one
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Commercial Team
Government Team
Outside Counsel
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Areas of Responsibility - Trade
Int’l Trade
Policy
Making
Nucor and Trade Litigation
• For many years, Nucor was not involved in trade cases simply because the company concentrated on certain segments of the market that were not especially exposed to international competition
• As Nucor grew and expanded its product base, and as the global supply of steel increased, we’ve experienced greater competition from dumped and subsidized imports – For example, a successful case involving beams from Japan
and Korea in the late 1990’s was vital to Nucor’s ability to be competitive in the beams market
• Nucor’s recent expansion internationally has added an additional level of involvement with international trade laws
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Nucor’s Perspective
• The global steel market is intensely competitive, with many efficient producers, so that following the rules is key to the smooth operation of the world steel market
• Nucor welcomes competition on the basis of the internationally agreed-upon rules – These rules also allow countries to remedy
dumping and subsidization that cause injury
• At the same time, Nucor is subject to and is expected to adhere to the same rules in its international activities
• The compensation of all Nucor teammates is based on steel production, so sales lost to dumped and subsidized imports affect all Nucor teammates directly
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The Need for Rules-Based Trade
Imports: Market Intelligence
• Nucor constantly monitors the domestic and international markets for all its products, including:
– Import statistics
– Sales call reports
– Customer input
– Press reports
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10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
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09
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Total U.S. Imports from World (thousands of metric tons) vs. Percent Finished Import Market Share
Imports: Market Intelligence
• If we see imports in a given product from a country being sold at prices well below market, we discuss internally what further action to take – Nucor has a very high level of expertise about trade remedies
– I act as a resource for information and advice on possible applications of the trade law
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AD/CVD: Moving Forward
• If we decide a particular import situation may need further attention, we may discuss the matter with: – Other industry participants – Outside counsel – Economic consultants
• Trade cases may also have political and industry implications
• Once a decision to bring a case has been made, my role as counsel in trade cases includes – Working with our commercial team to gather the necessary
information – Overseeing outside counsel and economic consultants – Providing advice and decisions on significant legal issues
• Outside counsel primarily conduct the cases, but we remain closely involved at all times
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Other Aspects of AD/CVD
• Court litigation and appeals
• Administrative reviews
• Sunset Reviews
• My role as General Manager of Legal Affairs is to work with and supervise outside counsel in all of these areas
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Customs
• Nucor exports a moderate amount of steel, so we are called upon to:
– Advise on Customs classifications, as needed
– Respond to reports of misclassified imports
– Support U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) by providing education and training to CBP officers on steel related issues
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Trade Policy
• At Nucor, we monitor developments in trade policy closely through our Washington office
• Some of the things we follow, and in which our team is engaged, are:
– Changes to the AD/CVD laws
– Customs matters (including tariff classifications)
– International economic agreements
– Developments at the WTO
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Trade Policy
Sources: OECD, World Steel, China Iron & Steel Assn.
Massive Growth of Steel Overcapacity over Last 10 Years (in millions of metric tons) Trade cases are
necessary in the short term
Long term, we must address the underlying problem of excess global steel capacity 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Global Steel Capacity
Global Steel Production
China Steel Capacity
China Steel Production
750 mmt Overcapacity
400 mmt
200 mmt
50 mmt
OECD
High-Level Symposium on Excess Capacity & Structural Adjustment in the Steel Sector
April 18, 2016, Brussels
US-China Steel Dialogue
Addresses Trade Friction regarding Steel May 11-12, 2016, The White House
Engaging Trade Policy
New Products
• Nucor frequently evaluates opportunities to move into new product lines
• This has trade implications as well, including: – Existing import levels
and prices
– Outstanding orders
– Customs issues
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Exports & International Operations
• With our growing international and export profile, we must follow national and international rules regarding exports, including: – Compliance with U.S. export control laws – Compliance with foreign anti-dumping laws
• Nucor has had to become more familiar with the trade laws of the countries of our customers
• Nucor has increasingly been asked to respond to requests for information from foreign governments
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Final Thoughts
• In-house counsel need to be very familiar with the mechanics of domestic and international trade laws
• We actively supervise and participate in trade cases
• We must stay fully abreast of legal and policy developments
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U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC