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Adolf Hitler
Close with his mom, didn’t get along with his dad
Trouble at school, expelled for constant skipping, only liked art
Wanted to be an artist, his dad wanted him to be a civil servant
Vienna Academy of Art Interview, portfolio
Adolf Hitler
Interview = Portfolio = Great landscapes and technical drawings,
but lacked the ability to draw the human figure well.
Hitler is encouraged to apply for architecture school, but rejected from the academy.
Hitler
Probably already anti-Semitic, but this may have been a turning point (majority of people on committee were Jews)
Flop house, street painter Mother gets sick, dies from cancer before
he can get home (mother’s dr was a Jew)
Hitler
WWI breaks out; joins German army Hitler was a runner; very dangerous Wounded in a poison gas attack Hospitalized; shocked to find out
Germany has lostBlamed Communists for Germany’s
defeat --- Karl Marx – a German Jew
Hitler’s Rise to Power
1919 – Hitler joins and becomes leader of the NAZI party – National Socialist German Workers
1923- Hitler announces the NAZIs will take over the government, arrested for treasonSentenced to 7 years, but only serves 9
monthsWrites Mein Kampf – My Struggle
Hitler named Chancellor
President Hindenberg names Hitler Chancellor in 1933 – pressured by NAZIsHindenberg dies in 1934
The Reichstag (Congress) turns over legislative power to Hitler.
Once in power, Hitler now creates a totalitarian state. Germany - dictatorship
The Third Reich Hitler – popular, promised economic
recovery and delivered. Massive public works program gave people jobs.1920: $1=40 German marks1922: $1 = 18,000 marks1923: $1 = 4.2 trillion marks
SS – Schutzstaffel- elite black-uniformed troops
Gestapo – secret police
The Holocaust Begins… 1933
23 March – Dachau opens – first concentration camp (and the largest) {Image shows Dachau being liberated by US troops.}
193314 July – Law to Prevent Offspring with
Hereditary Defects (T-2 Program) Mental/physical handicaps Milder cases – sterilized More severe – euthanized Propaganda – “life without existence” Protests by mothers/women caused Hitler
to mostly stop this programAll political parties outlawed except Nazi party
Nuremberg Laws - 1935
Jews are declared non-Germans; prohibited from:
Marrying/procreating with Germans Attending/teaching at German schools Holding govt. jobs Practicing law or medicine Publishing books Many Jews fled (Albert Einstein)
Physical Traits of Aryans v. Jews
Ideal Aryan traits Blue eyes, blond hair, light complexion, tall and
athletic, angular features Blue eyes were most important
Jewish traits Brown eyes, dark hair, large forehead, rounded
face, dark complexion
1936Jehovah’s Witnesses were rounded up (wouldn’t
swear allegiance to Hitler)
19387 Nov – Grynszpan kills von Rath in Paris
Herschel Grynszpan (17 yrs old); in school in FranceGerman Jew – found out that his family was being
deported to Poland. Shoots the German ambassador to France – von Rath.
This event triggers worst violence yet back in Germany.
19389-10 Nov – Kristallnacht – “night of broken glass”
Reaction to the killing of von RathNazis attacked Jewish homes, businesses,
and synagogues in GermanyJewish business owners had to pay for
repairs; police looked the other wayResistant Jews were sent to DachauEmigration increased, but most countries
denied Jewish refugees.
19391 Sept – WWII begins when Germany invades
Poland
194027 April – Auschwitz opened
Highest # of deaths Selection process; healthiest were chosen
for work; the weak were gassed
1941Germany invades the Soviet Union (USSR)Einsatzgruppen
Mobile killing unitsBabi Yar – natural ravine
Lined victims up, shot them, and let them fall in
Probably killed over 30,000 here
Josef Mengele
Josef Mengele, German physician and SS captain. In 1943, he was named SS garrison physician (Standortartz) of Auschwitz. In that capacity, he was responsible for the differentiation and selection of those fit to work and those destined for gassing. Mengele also carried out human experiments on camp inmates,
especially twins.