The Hip JointThe Hip JointType: Synovial (Ball & Socket)Type: Synovial (Ball & Socket)Articular Surfaces: head of femur & acetabulumArticular Surfaces: head of femur & acetabulum

Articular surfaces: 1- AcetabulumArticular surfaces: 1- Acetabulum hashas : : - -C- shaped articular surface = lunate surface, Acetabular fossaC- shaped articular surface = lunate surface, Acetabular fossa,,

-Acetabular notch -----► converted into acetabular foramen by Acetabular notch -----► converted into acetabular foramen by transverse ligament of transverse ligament of the acetabulumthe acetabulum

- - -Labrum acetabulare deepens the acetabular cavityLabrum acetabulare deepens the acetabular cavity..-22 - -Head of femurHead of femur

Capsule & Synovial MembraneCapsule & Synovial Membrane::

LigamentsLigaments::11 - -Ilio-femoral ligIlio-femoral lig.: .: Y- shaped, Y- shaped,

strong, attached between strong, attached between AIIS AIIS and both ends of and both ends of trochantric linetrochantric line. Prevents . Prevents hyper-extensionhyper-extension..

22 - -Pubo-femoral Pubo-femoral liglig.:Triangular in shape, .:Triangular in shape, supports the inferomedial supports the inferomedial part of the joint, attached part of the joint, attached between between ilio-pubic ilio-pubic eminenceeminence and the and the capsulecapsule. . Prevents hyper-abductionPrevents hyper-abduction..

33 - -Iscio-femoral ligIscio-femoral lig.: from .: from ischiumischium to the to the back of the back of the capsulecapsule. It becomes tense . It becomes tense in medial rotationin medial rotation..

44 - -round ligament of the head round ligament of the head of femurof femur: Inside the joint, : Inside the joint, between head of femur to between head of femur to acetabular notch and acetabular notch and transverse lig., carries transverse lig., carries blood supply to head of blood supply to head of femurfemur..

MovementsMovements::11 - -FlexionFlexion: Psoas major, Iliacus: Psoas major, Iliacus

+ + Rectus femoris, sartorius, pectineusRectus femoris, sartorius, pectineus..22 - -ExtensionExtension: Gluteus maximus + : Gluteus maximus + hamstringhamstring

33 - -Abduction:Abduction: Gluteus medius & minimus + Gluteus medius & minimus + tensor fascia lataetensor fascia latae44 - -AdductionAdduction: Adductor longus, brevis, magnus : Adductor longus, brevis, magnus

+ + gracilis, pectineusgracilis, pectineus55 - -Medial rotationMedial rotation: Gluteus medius & minimus + : Gluteus medius & minimus + tensor fascia tensor fascia

latae latae 66 - -Lateral rotationLateral rotation: The 6 lateral rotators: Obturator : The 6 lateral rotators: Obturator

internus, 2 gemelli, piriformis, internus, 2 gemelli, piriformis, obturator externus, quadratus obturator externus, quadratus femoris + femoris + gluteus maximus, adductorsgluteus maximus, adductors..

77 - -CircumductionCircumduction::

Nerve supply of hip jointNerve supply of hip joint::11 - -Femoral nerve. 2- Obturator nerveFemoral nerve. 2- Obturator nerve..

33 - -sciatic nerve. 4- Nerve to quadratus femorissciatic nerve. 4- Nerve to quadratus femoris..

Relations of the hip jointRelations of the hip joint::

Anteriorly:Anteriorly:Pectineus, Iliopsoas, RF Pectineus, Iliopsoas, RF

(straight head), femoral (straight head), femoral vessels.vessels.

Laterally:Laterally:Tensor fascia latae, gluteus Tensor fascia latae, gluteus

minimus & medius.minimus & medius. Posteriorly:Posteriorly:Piriformis, obturator Piriformis, obturator

internus, 2 gemelli, internus, 2 gemelli, quadratus femoris, sciatic quadratus femoris, sciatic nerve.nerve.

Above:Above:RF (reflected head), gluteus RF (reflected head), gluteus

minimus.minimus. Below:Below:Obturator externus.Obturator externus.

Stability of the hip jointStability of the hip joint::

The hip joint is very stable jointThe hip joint is very stable joint due to due to::11 - -The head of femur fits accurately to the acetablumThe head of femur fits accurately to the acetablum..

22 - -The three strong ligaments outside the capsuleThe three strong ligaments outside the capsule..33 - -The surrounding strong musclesThe surrounding strong muscles..

Hip dislocationHip dislocation is usually posterior as in car accidents. is usually posterior as in car accidents. It occurs with no fracture of the acetabulum (if the It occurs with no fracture of the acetabulum (if the hip is flexed and adducted) or with fracture hip is flexed and adducted) or with fracture acetabulum (if the hip is flexed and abducted). The acetabulum (if the hip is flexed and abducted). The sciatic nervesciatic nerve may be injured in posterior hip may be injured in posterior hip dislocationdislocation . .

Blood supply to the head of Blood supply to the head of femurfemur::

Blood supply to acetabular fossa Blood supply to acetabular fossa and ligament of the head of femurand ligament of the head of femur::

X-Ray of the hip jointX-Ray of the hip joint::

MRI of the hip jointMRI of the hip joint::