The Heart and Heart Failure in the Year 2013 Jonathan D. Rich, MD Associate Director, Mechanical...
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The Heart and Heart Failure in the Year 2013 Jonathan D. Rich, MD Associate Director, Mechanical Circulatory Support Program Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute Assistant Professor of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
The Heart and Heart Failure in the Year 2013 Jonathan D. Rich, MD Associate Director, Mechanical Circulatory Support Program Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute
The Heart and Heart Failure in the Year 2013 Jonathan D. Rich,
MD Associate Director, Mechanical Circulatory Support Program Bluhm
Cardiovascular Institute Assistant Professor of Medicine
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Slide 2
Outline Basics of the heart and the cardiovascular system
Define the term heart disease Heart disease risk factors and
prevention Heart Failure as a major consequence of heart disease
Treatment of heart failure in 2013 Q and A
Slide 3
Since 1900, heart disease has been the No. 1 killer in the
United States every year but 1918 Nearly 2,600 Americans die of
heart disease each day, an average of 1 death every 33 seconds
Almost 150,000 Americans killed by heart disease each year are
under age 65
Slide 4
The Heart Basics A muscle about the size of your fist Weighs
approximately one pound Is located behind and slightly to the left
of the breastbone Pumps about 5 liters of blood every minute
Slide 5
Major Function of the Heart Pump blood through the lungs to
refresh the blood with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide The
oxygenated blood is pumped to the body to provide oxygen and
nutrients and to remove waste products The coronary arteries are
the blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart
Slide 6
Slide 7
What exactly is heart disease? Any disease that affects the
heart Because coronary artery disease is so common, many people use
the term heart disease synonymously with coronary artery
disease
Slide 8
Coronary Artery Disease Coronary artery disease is one of the
most common causes of heart disease. Fatty deposits build up in
blood vessel walls causing narrowings, called atherosclerosis. Over
time, this can lead to a complete blockage of the coronary artery
and a heart attack.
Slide 9
Slide 10
High cholesterol High blood pressure Diabetes Smoking Obesity
Lack of physical activity Genetics Heart Disease Risk Factors
Slide 11
Uncontrollable Sex Race Age Genetics
Slide 12
Heart Disease Risk Factors Uncontrollable Sex Race Age Genetics
Controllable High cholesterol High blood pressure Diabetes Smoking
Physical activity Obesity Stress and anger
Slide 13
Get regular medical checkups. Control your blood pressure.
Check your cholesterol. Dont smoke. Maintain a healthy weight Avoid
diabetes Exercise regularly. Manage stress. Choose your parents
wisely!
Slide 14
Heart Failure: Incidence and Prevalence Approximately 5,000,000
Americans currently suffer from heart failure Approximately 500,000
new cases of heart failure are diagnosed each year Among those with
heart failure, approximately 250,000 have advanced or Stage D heart
failure Nearly 1,000,000 hospital discharges per year for heart
failure and the most frequent cause of hospitalization in the
elderly Given the burden of heart failure, emphasis on aggressive,
guidelines-based medical heart failure therapy is critical. 1 World
Health Statistics, World Health Organization, 1995. 2 American
Heart Association, 2002 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update.
Slide 15
Heart Failure What is Heart Failure? A. The heart is not
pumping/squeezing as well as it should (aka systolic heart failure)
B. The heart is not relaxing as well as it should (aka diastolic
heart failure) Usually, the heart has been weakened by an
underlying condition(s) Blocked coronary arteries/heart attack High
blood pressure Heart valve abnormalities Viral infection
Other/unknown
Slide 16
Heart Failure Heart failure can involve the left or right side
of the heart (or both sides) In the majority of cases, the left
side is affected first Heart failure occurs when either side of the
heart cannot keep up with the demands placed on it to provide
sufficient blood flow to the body
Slide 17
Heart Failure How quickly does heart failure develop? It
depends Often a chronic disease with a slow, insidious onset Other
times can develop rapidly (i.e. after a large heart attack or an
acute viral infection). The heart tries to compensate for the loss
in pumping function by: Developing more muscle mass Enlarging
itself Pumping faster
Slide 18
Natural History of HF Survival (%) LV Dysfunction and Symptoms
Mechanism of Death Sudden death40% Worsened HF40% Other20%
Progression Annual Mortality 0%0% 100% Asymptomatic
MildModerateSevere
