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FUTURE MARKETS August 08 2019
TECHNOLOGY REPORT www.futuremarketsinc.com/category/all-reports/
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The Global Market for Nanocellulose
Table of contents
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................... 26
1.1 Market snapshot................................................................................................................................... 26
1.2 Markets and applications....................................................................................................................... 28
1.3 Nanocellulose production capacities, in tons........................................................................................... 30
1.3.1 Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) production capacities 2019.................................................................. 31
1.3.2 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) production capacities 2019............................................................ 32
1.3.3 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) production capacities 2019.............................................................. 33
1.4 Main market opportunities in nanocellulose............................................................................................. 34
1.5 Global production of nanocellulose......................................................................................................... 36
1.5.1 Production plants and production status........................................................................................ 37
1.6 Market trends in nanocellulose............................................................................................................... 38
1.7 Market and technical challenges in nanocellulose.................................................................................... 39
1.8 Global nanocellulose market size........................................................................................................... 40
1.8.1 The market for nanocellulose in 2017............................................................................................ 40
1.8.2 The market for nanocellulose in 2018............................................................................................ 41
1.8.3 Current nanocellulose commercial products................................................................................... 42
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1.8.4 Global demand for nanocellulose by market, tons.......................................................................... 45
1.8.5 Global nanocellulose market, 2018–2030, tons.............................................................................. 47
1.8.6 Nanocellulose market by region.................................................................................................... 49
1.8.6.1 Asia-Pacific............................................................................................................................ 49
1.8.6.1.1 Japan............................................................................................................................ 49
2 RESEARCH SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY................................... 51
3 INTRODUCTION............................................................................... 57
3.1 Cellulose.............................................................................................................................................. 57
3.2 Nanocellulose....................................................................................................................................... 57
3.3 Properties of nanocellulose.................................................................................................................... 58
3.4 Advantages of nanocellulose................................................................................................................. 59
3.5 Manufacture of nanocellulose................................................................................................................ 59
3.6 Production methods.............................................................................................................................. 60
3.7 Types of nanocellulose.......................................................................................................................... 61
3.7.1 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)..................................................................................................... 63
3.7.2 Cellulose nanofibers (CNF).......................................................................................................... 64
3.7.2.1 Applications............................................................................................................................ 64
3.7.2.2 Production methods of CNF producers..................................................................................... 65
3.7.3 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)....................................................................................................... 67
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3.7.3.1 Properties............................................................................................................................... 68
3.7.3.2 Applications............................................................................................................................ 69
3.7.4 Bacterial Cellulose (BC)............................................................................................................... 70
3.7.4.1 Applications............................................................................................................................ 71
3.8 Synthesis............................................................................................................................................. 72
3.8.1 Microcrystalline cellulose (MC)..................................................................................................... 72
3.8.2 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)..................................................................................................... 72
3.8.3 Nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF)..................................................................................................... 73
3.8.4 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)....................................................................................................... 73
3.8.5 Bacterial cellulose particles (BC)................................................................................................... 74
4 MARKET STRUCTURE FOR NANOCELLULOSE........................... 75
4.1 Volume of industry demand for nanocellulose......................................................................................... 75
4.2 Current end users for nanocellulose, by market and company.................................................................. 76
5 SWOT ANALYSIS............................................................................. 78
6 REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS................................................. 80
7 GOVERNMENT FUNDING FOR NANOCELLULOSE...................... 84
8 TECHNOLOGY READINESS LEVEL (TRL)..................................... 85
9 NANOCELLULOSE SUPPLY CHAIN............................................... 86
10 NANOCELLULOSE PRICING........................................................... 88
11 NANOCELLULOSE PATENTS AND PUBLICATIONS..................... 90
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12 COMPETING MATERIALS............................................................... 94
12.1 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT).......................................................................................... 94
12.1.1 Brief description........................................................................................................................... 94
12.1.2 Volumes, values and growth......................................................................................................... 94
12.1.3 Key Trends.................................................................................................................................. 94
12.2 Graphene........................................................................................................................................ 95
12.2.1 Brief description........................................................................................................................... 95
12.2.2 Volumes, values and growth......................................................................................................... 95
12.2.3 Key Trends.................................................................................................................................. 96
12.3 Carbon fibers................................................................................................................................... 96
12.3.1 Brief description........................................................................................................................... 96
12.3.2 Volumes, values and growth......................................................................................................... 97
12.3.3 Key Trends.................................................................................................................................. 97
12.3.4 Growth........................................................................................................................................ 97
13 MARKETS FOR NANOCELLULOSE................................................ 98
13.1 NANOCELLULOSE IN COMPOSITES.............................................................................................. 98
13.1.1 Trends in the composites market and nanocellulose solutions........................................................ 99
13.1.2 Comparison of nanocellulose to other composite materials........................................................... 100
13.1.3 Applications............................................................................................................................... 100
13.1.3.1 By cellulose type.............................................................................................................. 101
13.1.3.2 Applications roadmap....................................................................................................... 101
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13.1.4 Global market for nanocellulose in composites............................................................................. 102
13.2 NANOCELLULOSE IN AIRCRAFT AND AEROSPACE..................................................................... 104
13.2.1 Market trends and nanocellulose solution.................................................................................... 104
13.2.2 Applications............................................................................................................................... 105
13.2.2.1 Composites...................................................................................................................... 105
13.2.3 Global market for nanocellulose in the aircraft and aerospace market............................................ 105
13.2.3.1 Applications market readiness and market acceptability analysis......................................... 105
13.2.3.2 Global demand in tons in aircraft and aerospace................................................................ 105
13.2.4 Market challenges...................................................................................................................... 106
13.2.5 Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 107
13.3 NANOCELLULOSE IN AUTOMOTIVE............................................................................................. 108
13.3.1 Market trends and nanocellulose solution.................................................................................... 108
13.3.2 Applications............................................................................................................................... 110
13.3.2.1 Composites...................................................................................................................... 111
13.3.2.1.1 Nanocellulose market in automotive.............................................................................. 112
13.3.3 Global market for nanocellulose in the automotive industry........................................................... 112
13.3.4 Market challenges...................................................................................................................... 114
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13.3.5 Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 115
13.4 NANOCELLULOSE IN CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDINGS............................................................. 117
13.4.1 Market drivers and trends........................................................................................................... 117
13.4.2 Applications............................................................................................................................... 118
13.4.3 Global market for nanocellulose in construction............................................................................ 119
13.4.3.1 Applications market readiness and market acceptability analysis......................................... 119
13.4.3.2 Global demand in tons in construction................................................................................ 119
13.4.4 Market challenges...................................................................................................................... 120
13.4.5 Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 121
13.5 NANOCELLULOSE IN PAPER AND BOARD/PACKAGING.............................................................. 122
13.5.1 Market drivers and trends........................................................................................................... 122
13.5.2 Applications............................................................................................................................... 126
13.5.3 Properties.................................................................................................................................. 127
13.5.3.1 Reinforcing agents............................................................................................................ 127
13.5.3.2 Transparency and flexibility............................................................................................... 128
13.5.3.3 Paper packaging.............................................................................................................. 128
13.5.3.4 Paper coatings................................................................................................................. 128
13.5.3.4.1 Improved surface properties and print quality................................................................. 128
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13.5.3.5 Anti-microbials.................................................................................................................. 128
13.5.3.6 Packaging........................................................................................................................ 128
13.5.3.7 Anti-bacterial.................................................................................................................... 129
13.5.3.8 Gas barrier....................................................................................................................... 129
13.5.4 Global market for nanocellulose in paper & board/packaging........................................................ 131
13.5.4.1 Applications market readiness and market acceptability analysis......................................... 131
13.5.4.2 Global demand in tons in paper & board............................................................................ 132
13.5.5 Market challenges...................................................................................................................... 133
13.5.6 Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 134
13.6 NANOCELLULOSE IN TEXTILES AND APPAREL........................................................................... 136
13.6.1 Market drivers and trends........................................................................................................... 136
13.6.2 Applications............................................................................................................................... 137
13.6.2.1 Sanitary products............................................................................................................. 137
13.6.2.2 Hygiene and absorbent products....................................................................................... 137
13.6.3 Global market for nanocellulose in textiles................................................................................... 139
13.6.3.1 Applications market readiness and market acceptability analysis......................................... 139
13.6.4 Market challenges...................................................................................................................... 140
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13.6.5 Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 141
13.7 NANOCELLULOSE IN BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE.............................................................. 142
13.7.1 Market drivers and trends........................................................................................................... 142
13.7.2 Applications............................................................................................................................... 143
13.7.2.1 Drug delivery.................................................................................................................... 144
13.7.2.2 Medical implants............................................................................................................... 144
13.7.2.3 Tissue engineering........................................................................................................... 145
13.7.2.4 Wound dressings.............................................................................................................. 145
13.7.2.5 Lateral flow immunoassay labels....................................................................................... 145
13.7.3 Global market for nanocellulose in medical & healthcare.............................................................. 146
13.7.3.1 Applications market readiness and market acceptability analysis......................................... 146
13.7.4 Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 147
13.8 NANOCELLULOSE IN PAINTS AND COATINGS............................................................................. 149
13.8.1 Market drivers and trends........................................................................................................... 149
13.8.2 Applications............................................................................................................................... 151
13.8.2.1 Abrasion and scratch resistance........................................................................................ 151
13.8.2.2 Wood coatings................................................................................................................. 152
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13.8.2.3 Anti-counterfeiting films..................................................................................................... 152
13.8.2.4 Gas barriers..................................................................................................................... 152
13.8.3 Global market for nanocellulose in paints and coatings................................................................. 152
13.8.3.1 Applications market readiness and market acceptability analysis......................................... 154
13.8.4 Market challenges...................................................................................................................... 156
13.8.5 Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 157
13.9 NANOCELLULOSE IN AEROGELS................................................................................................. 159
13.9.1 Market drivers and trends........................................................................................................... 159
13.9.2 Applications............................................................................................................................... 159
13.9.2.1 Thermal insulation............................................................................................................ 160
13.9.2.2 Shape memory................................................................................................................. 160
13.9.3 Global market for nanocellulose in aerogels................................................................................. 160
13.9.3.1 Global demand for nanocellulose in aerogels, tons............................................................. 160
13.9.4 Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 161
13.10 NANOCELLULOSE IN OIL AND GAS.............................................................................................. 163
13.10.1 Market drivers and trends...................................................................................................... 163
13.10.2 Applications.......................................................................................................................... 164
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13.10.2.1 Oil and fracking drilling fluids............................................................................................. 165
13.10.2.2 Water-based drilling fluids................................................................................................. 165
13.10.2.3 Extraction......................................................................................................................... 166
13.10.3 Global nanocellulose market in oil and gas.............................................................................. 166
13.10.3.1 Market assessment for nanocellulose in oil and gas............................................................ 167
13.10.3.2 Global demand in tons in oil and gas................................................................................. 168
13.10.4 Market challenges................................................................................................................. 169
13.10.5 Product developer profiles..................................................................................................... 169
13.11 NANOCELLULOSE IN FILTRATION................................................................................................ 171
13.11.1 Market drivers and trends...................................................................................................... 171
13.11.2 Applications.......................................................................................................................... 172
13.11.2.1 CNF membranes and filters............................................................................................... 173
13.11.2.2 Water filtration.................................................................................................................. 174
13.11.2.3 Air filtration....................................................................................................................... 175
13.11.2.4 Virus filtration................................................................................................................... 176
13.11.3 Global market for nanocellulose in filtration and separation...................................................... 176
13.11.3.1 Market assessment for nanocellulose in filtration and separation......................................... 177
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13.11.3.2 Global demand for nanocellulose in filtration, tons.............................................................. 178
13.11.4 Market challenges................................................................................................................. 179
13.11.5 Product developer profiles..................................................................................................... 179
13.12 NANOCELLULOSE IN RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS............................................................................. 181
13.12.1 Applications.......................................................................................................................... 181
13.12.1.1 Food................................................................................................................................ 182
13.12.1.2 Pharmaceuticals............................................................................................................... 182
13.12.1.3 Cosmetics........................................................................................................................ 182
13.12.2 Global market for nanocellulose in rheology modifiers.............................................................. 182
13.12.3 Product developer profiles..................................................................................................... 183
13.13 NANOCELLULOSE IN PRINTED, STRETCHABLE AND FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS......................... 184
13.13.1 Market drivers and trends...................................................................................................... 184
13.13.2 Applications.......................................................................................................................... 185
13.13.2.1 Wearable electronics........................................................................................................ 186
13.13.2.2 Nanopaper....................................................................................................................... 188
13.13.2.3 Paper memory.................................................................................................................. 190
13.13.2.4 Conductive inks................................................................................................................ 190
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13.13.3 Global market size and opportunity......................................................................................... 190
13.13.3.1 Market assessment for nanocellulose in printed and flexible electronics............................... 190
13.13.4 Market challenges................................................................................................................. 192
13.13.5 Product developer profiles..................................................................................................... 193
13.14 NANOCELLULOSE IN 3D PRINTING.............................................................................................. 195
13.14.1 Market drivers and trends...................................................................................................... 195
13.14.2 Applications.......................................................................................................................... 196
13.14.3 Global market size and opportunity......................................................................................... 196
13.14.3.1 Market assessment for nanocellulose in 3D printing............................................................ 196
13.14.4 Market challenges................................................................................................................. 197
13.14.5 Product developer profiles..................................................................................................... 197
14 NANOCELLULOSE CURRENT AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS ANALYSIS........................................................................................... 198
14.1 Potential for high-volume consuming nanocellulose applications........................................................ 198
14.1.1 Polymer composite parts............................................................................................................ 198
14.1.2 Bioplastics................................................................................................................................. 200
14.1.3 Packaging films.......................................................................................................................... 201
14.1.4 Aerogels.................................................................................................................................... 201
14.1.5 Construction materials................................................................................................................ 202
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14.1.5.1 Cement............................................................................................................................ 202
14.1.5.2 Ultra-high-performance concrete....................................................................................... 202
14.1.6 Paint and coatings additives....................................................................................................... 203
14.1.7 Hygiene and absorbent products................................................................................................. 204
14.1.8 Tyres......................................................................................................................................... 204
14.2 Potential global nanocellulose demand by application....................................................................... 205
15 CELLULOSE NANOFIBER COMPANY PROFILES....................... 206 (73 COMPANY PROFILES)
16 CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTAL (CNC) PRODUCERS.................... 304 (10 COMPANY PROFILES)
17 BACTERIAL CELLULOSE (BC) PRODUCERS............................. 321 (5 COMPANY PROFILES)
18 NANOCELLULOSE RESEARCH GROUPS AND CENTRES 325
19 REFERENCES................................................................................ 338
Tables
Table 1: Market summary for nanocellulose-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, market estimates, global consumption, main current applications, future applications....................................... 26
Table 2: Markets and applications for nanocellulose.............................................................................................. 28
Table 3: Market segmentation by type of nanocellulose, capacities and demand 2018............................................. 31
Table 4: CNF producer capacities........................................................................................................................ 31
Table 5: MFC producer capacities 2019................................................................................................................ 32
Table 6: Cellulose nanocrystal producer capacities 2019....................................................................................... 33
Table 7: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose, by application.............................................................. 34
Table 8: Nanocellulose (CNF, MFC, NCC) production plants worldwide and production status................................. 37
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Table 9: Market trends in nanocellulose................................................................................................................ 38
Table 10: Market and technical challenges in nanocellulose................................................................................... 39
Table 11: Global demand for nanocellulose 2018, tons.......................................................................................... 45
Table 12: Nanocellulose market value, by end user market demand, 2018–2030 (Tons).......................................... 47
Table 13: Regional demand for cellulose nanofibers, 2018, tons (total excludes MFC)............................................. 49
Table 14: Properties and applications of nanocellulose.......................................................................................... 58
Table 15: Properties of cellulose nanofibrils relative to metallic and polymeric materials........................................... 60
Table 16: Types of nanocellulose......................................................................................................................... 62
Table 17: Applications of cellulose nanofibers (CNF)............................................................................................. 64
Table 18: Production methods of main CNF producers.......................................................................................... 65
Table 19: CNC sources and scale........................................................................................................................ 68
Table 20: CNC properties.................................................................................................................................... 68
Table 21: Applications of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)...................................................................................... 70
Table 22: Applications of bacterial cellulose (BC).................................................................................................. 71
Table 23: Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) preparation methods, resulting materials and applications...................... 72
Table 24: Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) preparation methods, resulting materials and applications........................ 72
Table 25: Nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) preparation methods, resulting materials and applications......................... 73
Table 26: Cellulose nanocrystals (MFC) preparation methods, resulting materials and applications.......................... 73
Table 27: Cellulose nanocrystals (MFC) preparation methods, resulting materials and applications.......................... 74
Table 28: Current and potential end users for nanocellulose, by market and company............................................. 76
Table 29: SWOT analysis of nanocellulose........................................................................................................... 78
Table 30: Safety of Micro/Nanofibrillated cellulose................................................................................................. 81
Table 31: Global nanocellulose market supply chain analysis................................................................................. 86
Table 32: Product/price/application matrix of nanocellulose producers.................................................................... 88
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Table 33: Published patent publications for nanocellulose, 1997-2017.................................................................... 91
Table 34: Nanocellulose patents and scientific articles by organisation................................................................... 92
Table 35: Main patent assignees for CNC............................................................................................................. 93
Table 36: Main patent assignees for CNF............................................................................................................. 93
Table 37: Main patent assignees for BCC............................................................................................................. 93
Table 38: Price comparison of nanocellulose applications versus entry price of other materials in composites........... 94
Table 39. Main applications for carbon fibers, volumes, potential for nanocellulose to gain market share.................. 97
Table 40: Global demand for nanocellulose in 2018, tons...................................................................................... 98
Table 41: Market drivers, trends and nanocellulose solutions in composites market................................................. 99
Table 42: Comparative properties of polymer composites reinforcing materials...................................................... 100
Table 43: Applications of nanocellulose in polymer composites by cellulose type................................................... 101
Table 44: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the polymer composites market................................................... 101
Table 45: Global market demand for nanocellulose in composites, 2018-2030 (tons)............................................. 102
Table 46: Market drivers, trends and nanocellulose solutions in aircraft and aerospace market............................... 104
Table 47: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in aircraft and aerospace........................................... 105
Table 48: Demand for nanocellulose in the aerospace and aviation market, 2018-2030 (tons)................................ 105
Table 49: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the aircraft and aerospace market..................................... 106
Table 50: Companies developing nanocellulose products aircraft and aerospace, applications targeted and stage of commercialization....................................................................................................................................... 107
Table 51: Applications of natural fiber composites in vehicles by manufacturers.................................................... 109
Table 52: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in the automotive sector............................................. 112
Table 53: Global market demand for nanocellulose in the automotive sector 2018-2030 (tons)............................... 113
Table 54: Applications and commercialization challenges for nanocellulose in the automotive market..................... 114
Table 55: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the automotive market...................................................... 115
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Table 56: Companies developing nanocellulose products in the automotive industry, applications targeted and stage of commercialization....................................................................................................................................... 115
Table 57: Market drivers, trends and nanocellulose solutions in construction market.............................................. 117
Table 58: Comparison of nanocellulose with steel and other materials.................................................................. 118
Table 59: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in the construction industry........................................ 119
Table 60: Market demand for nanocellulose in construction, 2018-2030 (tons)...................................................... 119
Table 61: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the construction, building protection and architectural exterior coatings market.......................................................................................................................................... 121
Table 62: Nanocellulose in construction-Companies and products........................................................................ 121
Table 63: Market drivers, trends and nanocellulose solutions in the paper and board market.................................. 122
Table 64: Examples of antimicrobial immobilization into cellulose nanofibers......................................................... 126
Table 65: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the paper and board markets...................................................... 126
Table 66: Oxygen permeability of nanocellulose films compared to those made form commercially available petroleum-based materials and other polymers............................................................................................................ 130
Table 67: Application markets, competing materials, nanocellulose advantages and current market size in packaging.................................................................................................................................................................. 130
Table 68: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in paper and board.................................................... 131
Table 69: Global demand for nanocellulose in paper & board/packaging, 2018-2030 (tons).................................... 132
Table 70: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the paper and board market............................................. 134
Table 71: Companies developing nanocellulose products in paper and board, applications targeted and stage of commercialization....................................................................................................................................... 134
Table 72: Market drivers, trends and nanocellulose solutions in the textiles market................................................ 136
Table 73: Global demand for nanocellulose in hygiene and absorbents, 2018-2030 (tons)..................................... 138
Table 74: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in textiles.................................................................. 139
Table 75: Demand for nanocellulose in textiles, 2018-2030 (tons)......................................................................... 139
Table 76: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the textiles market........................................................... 140
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Table 77: Companies developing nanocellulose products in textiles, applications targeted and stage of commercialization....................................................................................................................................... 141
Table 78: Market drivers, trends and Nanocellulose solutions in the medicine and healthcare market..................... 142
Table 79: Cellulose nanofiber applications timeline in the medicine and healthcare markets................................... 143
Table 80: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in medical and healthcare.......................................... 146
Table 81: Global demand for nanocellulose in medical and healthcare, 2018-2030 (tons)....................................... 146
Table 82: Nanocellulose product developers in medical and healthcare applications.............................................. 147
Table 83: Market drivers, trends and Nanocellulose solutions in the paints and coatings market............................. 149
Table 84: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the paints and coatings markets.................................................. 151
Table 85: Market assessment for nanocellulose in paints and coatings................................................................. 153
Table 86: Application markets, competing materials, nanocellulose advantages and current market size in coatings and films........................................................................................................................................................... 153
Table 87: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in paints and coatings................................................ 154
Table 88: Global demand for nanocellulose in paint and coatings, 2018-2030 (tons).............................................. 154
Table 89: Market challenges for Nanocellulose in coatings................................................................................... 156
Table 90: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the coatings and films market........................................... 157
Table 91: Companies developing nanocellulose products in paints and coatings, applications targeted and stage of commercialization....................................................................................................................................... 157
Table 92: Market drivers, trends and nanocellulose solutions in the aerogels market............................................. 159
Table 93: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the aerogels market.................................................................... 159
Table 94: Global demand for nanocellulose in aerogels, 2018-2030 (tons)............................................................ 160
Table 95: Nanocellulose product developers in aerogels...................................................................................... 161
Table 96: Market drivers, trends and nanocellulose solutions in the filtration market.............................................. 163
Table 97: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the oil market............................................................................. 164
Table 98: Application markets, competing materials, nanocellulose advantages and current market size in oil and gas.................................................................................................................................................................. 166
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Table 99: Market assessment for nanocellulose in oil and gas.............................................................................. 167
Table 100: Nanocellulose in the oil and gas market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact........................................................................................................................................................ 167
Table 101: Global demand for nanocellulose in the oil and gas market, 2018-2030 (tons)...................................... 168
Table 102: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the oil and gas exploration market................................... 169
Table 103: Nanocellulose product developers in oil and gas exploration................................................................ 169
Table 104: Market drivers, trends and nanocellulose solutions in the filtration market............................................. 171
Table 105: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the filtration market................................................................... 172
Table 106: Types of filtration.............................................................................................................................. 173
Table 107: CNF membranes.............................................................................................................................. 174
Table 108: Application markets, competing materials, Nanocellulose advantages and current market size in filtration. 176
Table 109: Market assessment for nanocellulose in filtration................................................................................ 177
Table 110: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in the filtration industry............................................. 177
Table 111: Global demand for nanocellulose in the filtration market, 2018-2030 (tons)........................................... 178
Table 112: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the filtration market........................................................ 179
Table 113: Companies developing nanocellulose products in filtration, applications targeted and stage of commercialization....................................................................................................................................... 179
Table 114: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the rheology modifiers market................................................... 181
Table 115: Global demand for nanocellulose in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2030 (tons)........................... 182
Table 116: Commercial activity in nanocellulose rheology modifiers...................................................................... 183
Table 117: Market drivers, trends and Nanocellulose solutions in the printed and flexible electronics market........... 184
Table 118: Cellulose nanofiber applications timeline in flexible electronics............................................................ 186
Table 119: Properties of flexible electronics‐cellulose nanofiber film (nanopaper)................................................... 186
Table 120: Properties of flexible electronics cellulose nanofiber films.................................................................... 189
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Table 121: Application markets, competing materials, Nanocellulose advantages and current market size in electronics.................................................................................................................................................................. 190
Table 122: Market assessment for nanocellulose in the flexible and printed electronics sector................................ 191
Table 123: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in flexible electronics............................................... 192
Table 124: Market challenges for use of Nanocellulose in printed and flexible electronics....................................... 192
Table 125: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the printed and flexible electronics market....................... 193
Table 126: Companies developing cellulose nanofiber products in paper electronics, applications targeted and stage of commercialization....................................................................................................................................... 193
Table 127: Market drivers, trends and Nanocellulose solutions in the 3D printing market........................................ 195
Table 128: Applications of Nanocellulose in 3D printing........................................................................................ 196
Table 129: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in 3D printing........................................................... 196
Table 130: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the 3D printing market.................................................... 197
Table 131: Companies developing nanocellulose 3D printing products.................................................................. 197
Table 132: Classification of nanocellulose applications by type of industrial product ranged in terms of their potential of consumption............................................................................................................................................... 198
Table 133: Nanocellulose for composite parts. Application, key benefits, competing materials, Nanocellulose working concentration, global market demand and growth, potential for Nanocellulose penetration.............................. 198
Table 134: Nanocellulose for bioplastics. Application, key benefits, competing materials, Nanocellulose working concentration, global market demand and growth, potential for Nanocellulose penetration.............................. 200
Table 135. Nanocellulose for packaging films. Application, key benefits, competing materials, Nanocellulose working concentration, global market demand and growth, potential for Nanocellulose penetration.............................. 201
Table 136. Nanocellulose for aerogels. Application, key benefits, competing materials, Nanocellulose working concentration, global market demand and growth, potential for Nanocellulose penetration.............................. 201
Table 137. Nanocellulose for cement. Application, key benefits, competing materials, Nanocellulose working concentration, global market demand and growth, potential for Nanocellulose penetration.............................. 202
Table 138. Nanocellulose for ultra-high-performance concrete. Application, key benefits, competing materials, Nanocellulose working concentration, global market demand and growth, potential for Nanocellulose penetration.................................................................................................................................................................. 202
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Table 139. Nanocellulose for paint and coating additives. Application, key benefits, competing materials, Nanocellulose working concentration, global market demand and growth, potential for Nanocellulose penetration.................. 203
Table 140. Nanocellulose for Hygiene and absorbent products. Application, key benefits, competing materials, Nanocellulose working concentration, global market demand and growth, potential for Nanocellulose penetration.................................................................................................................................................................. 204
Table 141. Application of nanocellulose in tires in automotive tyres....................................................................... 204
Table 142. Potential global nanocellulose demand by application......................................................................... 205
Table 143: Nanocellulose producers and types of nanocellulose produced............................................................ 206
Table 144: Target market, by nanocellulose producer.......................................................................................... 208
Table 145: Oji Holdings CNF products................................................................................................................ 268
Table 146: CNC producers and production capacities.......................................................................................... 304
Table 147: Target market, by cellulose nanocrystal producer............................................................................... 305
Figures
Figure 1: Market segmentation by type of nanocellulose, capacities and demand 2018............................................ 31
Figure 2: CNF wet powder................................................................................................................................... 36
Figure 3: Cellulose nanofiber transparent sheet.................................................................................................... 41
Figure 4: Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE)................................................................... 41
Figure 5: XCNF................................................................................................................................................... 42
Figure 6: Nanocellulose-based commercial products............................................................................................. 42
Figure 7: Demand for nanocellulose 2018, tons..................................................................................................... 46
Figure 8: Nanocellulose market value, by end user market demand, 2018–2030 (Tons).......................................... 48
Figure 9: Regional demand for cellulose nanofibers, 2018..................................................................................... 49
Figure 10: Schematic diagram of partial molecular structure of cellulose chain with numbering for carbon atoms and n= number of cellobiose repeating unit............................................................................................................... 57
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Figure 11: Scale of cellulose materials.................................................................................................................. 58
Figure 12: Types of nanocellulose........................................................................................................................ 62
Figure 13: Relationship between different kinds of nanocelluloses.......................................................................... 62
Figure 14: CNF gel.............................................................................................................................................. 64
Figure 15: TEM image of cellulose nanocrystals.................................................................................................... 67
Figure 16: An iridescent biomimetic cellulose multilayer film remains after water that contains cellulose nanocrystals evaporates................................................................................................................................................... 67
Figure 17: Extracting CNC from trees................................................................................................................... 68
Figure 18: CNC slurry.......................................................................................................................................... 69
Figure 19: Schematic of typical commercialization route for nanocellulose producer................................................ 75
Figure 20: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for nanocellulose............................................................................ 85
Figure 21: (a) Number of research publications on the different nomenclatures of nanocellulosic materials per year during the last decade. (b) Cumulative number of research article number published per nomenclature............. 90
Figure 22: Nanocellulose patents by field of application........................................................................................ 91
Figure 23: Global market demand for nanocellulose in composites, 2018-2030 (tons)............................................ 103
Figure 24: Demand for nanocellulose in the aerospace and aviation market, 2018-2030 (tons)............................... 106
Figure 25: Nanomaterials-based automotive components.................................................................................... 110
Figure 26: CNF car engine cover developed in Japan Ministry of the Environment’s (MOE) Nano Cellulose Vehicle (NCV) Project............................................................................................................................................. 111
Figure 27: The structure of the CNF-based front hood......................................................................................... 111
Figure 28: CNF composite................................................................................................................................. 112
Figure 29: Global demand for nanocellulose in the automotive sector, 2018-2030 (tons)........................................ 114
Figure 30: Nanowood with hierarchically aligned cellulose nanofibrils for insulation................................................ 119
Figure 31: Demand for nanocellulose in construction, 2018-2030 (tons)................................................................ 120
Figure 32: Example process for producing NFC packaging film............................................................................ 125
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Figure 33: Global demand for nanocellulose in the paper & board/packaging, 2018-2030 (tons)............................. 133
Figure 34: CNF deodorant products.................................................................................................................... 137
Figure 35: Global demand for nanocellulose in hygiene and absorbents 2018-2030 (tons)..................................... 138
Figure 36: Demand for nanocellulose in the textiles, 2018-2030 (tons).................................................................. 140
Figure 37: Global demand for nanocellulose in medical and healthcare, 2018-2030 (tons)..................................... 147
Figure 38: Global demand for nanocellulose in paint and coatings, 2018-2030 (tons)............................................. 155
Figure 39: Global demand for nanocellulose in aerogels, 2018-2030 (tons)........................................................... 161
Figure 40: Nanocellulose sponge developed by EMPA for potential applications in oil recovery.............................. 164
Figure 41: Global demand for nanocellulose in the oil and gas market, 2018-2030 (tons)....................................... 168
Figure 42: Nanocellulose virus filter paper........................................................................................................... 176
Figure 43: Global demand for nanocellulose in the filtration market, 2018-2030 (tons)............................................ 178
Figure 44: Global demand for nanocellulose in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2030 (tons)............................ 183
Figure 45: Electronic components using NFC as insulating materials.................................................................... 186
Figure 46: Cellulose nanofiber films................................................................................................................... 187
Figure 47: Nanocellulose photoluminescent paper............................................................................................... 188
Figure 48: LEDs shining on circuitry imprinted on a 5x5cm sheet of CNF.............................................................. 188
Figure 49: Foldable nanopaper........................................................................................................................... 189
Figure 50: Foldable nanopaper antenna.............................................................................................................. 189
Figure 51: Paper memory (ReRAM).................................................................................................................... 190
Figure 52: 3D printed CNF in Paper Microfluidics devices.................................................................................... 195
Figure 53. American Process, Inc. CNF production process................................................................................. 212
Figure 54: Ashai Kasei CNF production process.................................................................................................. 215
Figure 55: Asahi Kasei CNF fabric sheet............................................................................................................. 216
Figure 56: Properties of Asahi Kasei cellulose nanofiber nonwoven fabric............................................................. 216
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Figure 57: CNF nonwoven fabric........................................................................................................................ 217
Figure 58. Borregaard Chemcell CNF production process.................................................................................... 220
Figure 59. Chuetsu Pulp & Paper CNF production process.................................................................................. 227
Figure 60. Daicel Corporation CNF production process........................................................................................ 229
Figure 61: Trunk lid incorporating CNF................................................................................................................ 230
Figure 62. Daio Paper CNF production process................................................................................................... 232
Figure 63. CNF-reinforced PP compounds.......................................................................................................... 232
Figure 64. Kirekira! toilet wipes........................................................................................................................... 233
Figure 65. DIC Products CNF production process................................................................................................ 234
Figure 66. DKS Co. Ltd. CNF production process................................................................................................ 236
Figure 67: Rheocrysta spray.............................................................................................................................. 236
Figure 68: CNF based on citrus peel................................................................................................................... 238
Figure 69. Imerys CNF production process......................................................................................................... 239
Figure 70: Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE)............................................................... 241
Figure 71: CNF products from Furukawa Electric................................................................................................. 242
Figure 72: Cutlery samples (spoon, knife, fork) made of nano cellulose and biodegradable plastic composite materials.................................................................................................................................................................. 243
Figure 73: CNF gel............................................................................................................................................ 245
Figure 74: Block nanocellulose material.............................................................................................................. 245
Figure 75: CNF products developed by Hokuetsu................................................................................................ 246
Figure 76. Innventia CNF production process...................................................................................................... 247
Figure 77: Innventia AB movable nanocellulose demo plant................................................................................. 248
Figure 78: Engine cover utilizing Kao CNF composite resins................................................................................ 250
Figure 79: 0.3% aqueous dispersion of sulfated esterified CNF and dried transparent film (front side)..................... 251
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Figure 80. Kruger Biomaterials, Inc. CNF production process............................................................................... 253
Figure 81: CNF slurries...................................................................................................................................... 257
Figure 82: Nanocell serum product..................................................................................................................... 258
Figure 83: Hydrophobization facilities for raw pulp............................................................................................... 259
Figure 84: Mixing facilities for CNF-reinforced plastic........................................................................................... 259
Figure 85. Nippon Paper CNF production process............................................................................................... 261
Figure 86: Nippon Paper Industries’ adult diapers................................................................................................ 262
Figure 87: CNF wet powder............................................................................................................................... 264
Figure 88: CNF transparent film.......................................................................................................................... 265
Figure 89: Transparent CNF sheets.................................................................................................................... 265
Figure 90. Oji Paper CNF production process...................................................................................................... 266
Figure 91: CNF clear sheets............................................................................................................................... 267
Figure 92: Fluorene cellulose ® powder.............................................................................................................. 269
Figure 93. Performance Biofilaments CNF production process............................................................................. 270
Figure 94: XCNF............................................................................................................................................... 272
Figure 95: CNF insulation flat plates................................................................................................................... 274
Figure 96. Seiko PMC CNF production process................................................................................................... 276
Figure 97: Rubber soles incorporating CNF......................................................................................................... 278
Figure 98. Stora Enso CNF production process................................................................................................... 279
Figure 99. Sugino Machine CNF production process............................................................................................ 281
Figure 100: High Pressure Water Jet Process..................................................................................................... 281
Figure 101: 2 wt.% CNF suspension.................................................................................................................. 282
Figure 102. BiNFi-s Dry Powder......................................................................................................................... 282
Figure 103. BiNFi-s Dry Powder and Propylene (PP) Complex Pellet.................................................................... 283
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Figure 104: Silk nanofiber (right) and cocoon of raw material................................................................................ 283
Figure 105: SVILOSA AD CNC products............................................................................................................. 285
Figure 106: Silver / CNF composite dispersions................................................................................................... 288
Figure 107: CNF/nanosilver powder.................................................................................................................... 289
Figure 108: Comparison of weight reduction effect using CNF.............................................................................. 290
Figure 109: CNF resin products.......................................................................................................................... 291
Figure 110. University of Maine CNF production process..................................................................................... 292
Figure 111. UPM-Kymmene CNF production process.......................................................................................... 294
Figure 112. US Forest Service Products Laboratory CNF production process........................................................ 295
Figure 113: Flexible electronic substrate made from CNF.................................................................................... 296
Figure 114. VTT 100% bio-based stand-up pouches............................................................................................ 297
Figure 115. VTT CNF production process........................................................................................................... 298
Figure 116: HefCel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test................................ 299
Figure 117: Bio-based barrier bags prepared from Tempo-CNF coated bio-HDPE film........................................... 300
Figure 118. Zelfo Technology GmbH CNF production process............................................................................. 302
Figure 119: R3TM process technology................................................................................................................ 306
Figure 120: Blue Goose CNC Production Process............................................................................................... 307
Figure 121: NCCTM Process............................................................................................................................. 308
Figure 123: Celluforce production process.......................................................................................................... 309
Figure 122: CNC produced at Tech Futures’ pilot plant; cloudy suspension (1 wt.%), gel-like (10 wt.%), flake-like crystals, and very fine powder. Product advantages include:......................................................................... 310
Figure 124: Plantrose process............................................................................................................................ 316
Figure 125. CNC solution................................................................................................................................... 319
Figure 126: Bacterial cellulose face mask sheet.................................................................................................. 323
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Figure 127: Fibnano.......................................................................................................................................... 324