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www.bmbf.de
The German Qualifications Framework
(DQR) and its impact on VET Sabine Schüller, Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany
2Slovak Qualifications Framework Conference, 4 December 2017, Bratislava
Implementing the DQR: reason, objectives
Original reason for the development of the DQR: EQF
Objectives of the DQR:
• Increasing transparency in the German education system
• Enhancing comparability and better understanding of qualifications
in Germany and Europe
• Enhancing visibility of equivalences and differences of qualifications
• Fostering equal value of vocational education and training and
general/higher education
• Supporting quality assurance
• Supporting mobility of learners and workers
3Slovak Qualifications Framework Conference, 4 December 2017, Bratislava
Implementing the DQR: reason, objectives
Objectives of the DQR:
• Facilitating the recognition/acceptance of qualifications acquired in
Germany
• Strengthening the competence orientation of qualifcations and
fostering the shift to learning outcomes
• Facilitating the validation of non-formal and informal learning
• Supporting permeability and lifelong learning
4Slovak Qualifications Framework Conference, 4 December 2017, Bratislava
Milestones of DQR-Implementation
• October 2006: Joint decision of the Federal Government and the
Länder to develop a DQR
• 2009: first draft of the framework with 8 levels
• March 2011: Adoption of the framework
• January 2012: Agreement on allocations of the formal education
system (VET and higher education, general education was
postponed)
• 2012: Referencing of the DQR to the EQF. Presentation of the
German referencing report to the EQF Advisory Group in December
2012
5Slovak Qualifications Framework Conference, 4 December 2017, Bratislava
Milestones of DQR-Implementation
• May 2013: Official implementation of the DQR based on a joint
resolution between the Federal Government and the Länder
• May 2013: Launch of the DQR-database indicating DQR-/EQF-
levels of allocated qualifications
• Gradually as of January 2014: Indication of DQR-/EQF-levels on
certificates and certificate supplements of VET qualifications and on
diploma supplements for higher education qualifications
• March 2017 Allocation of general school leaving certificates on
levels 2, 3 and 4
6Slovak Qualifications Framework Conference, 4 December 2017, Bratislava
Character of the DQR …
… is a transparency instrument
… is not a regulatory instrument
… is not a reform instrument but a driver for developments in the
education
system
… does not replace existing access and admission regulations
… describes the equal value of qualifications, not their homogeneity
… allocates qualifications, not individual competences
… shall permit the inclusion of qualifications aquired in non-
formal settings (non-formal qualifications) but is not an instrument
for
their validation
… is based on strong involvement of stakeholders (Principle of
consensus!)
8Slovak Qualifications Framework Conference, 4 December 2017, Bratislava
Impact so far – What would be lost?
9Slovak Qualifications Framework Conference, 4 December 2017, Bratislava
Impact of the DQR
General remarks:
• So far, no formal evaluation of the DQR has been carried out in
Germany (too early, implementation takes time!)
• The impact depends on the particular character and objectives of
the DQR
• While the European dimension (transparency and mobility in
Europe) was the initial driver for the DQR development, the DQR
has more and more become a driver for developments in the
national education system
10Slovak Qualifications Framework Conference, 4 December 2017, Bratislava
Impact of the DQR
General observations so far:
• Increased communication, understanding and trust across
education sectors
• Increased transparency and better understanding of qualifications
• VET seems to benefit most from the DQR
11Slovak Qualifications Framework Conference, 4 December 2017, Bratislava
Impact of the DQR on VET
• Enhanced visibility of VET as a comprehensive system ranging
from level 1 to 7 (German VET is more than the dual system)
• Better visibility of formal further VET and its further structural
development including quality assurance (3 level system of further
training corresponding to DQR-/EQF-levels 5-7)
• Visibility and increased acceptance of equal value of VET and
higher education, especially through the learning outcomes based
comparison of qualifications and the indication of DQR-/EQF-levels
on qualifications documents
• Further implementation of learning outcomes approach in curricula
and training ordinances through formal regulations in VET and thus
fostering the competence orientation
• Profile building of VET (and higher education)