Lesson Plan #3 - The Geography and History of Rome & the United Kingdom

Introduction:Continuing on in our quest for more geography from around the world, we travel to the United Kingdom. This is a land full of amazing history, and beautiful geographic wonders. From deep-sea oil, to geological formations, and dark, damp forests, the UK has some incredibly beautiful things to see, and do. We will take a short trip and see just a small bit of her landscapes, beauty, and history, and to learn just a bit about her relationship with Rome, and Rome's influence on her. Students will watch a PowerPoint, and split into small groups in order to fill out a short worksheet and written project.

Objectives:Content/Knowledge: 1. Students will be able to define different geographic areas, and describe their characteristics. 2. Students will be knowledgeable about the history of Roman conquest, and the construction of

Hadrians Wall, which contained the northern tribes.3. Students will be able to discuss the boundaries and limitations set to both the Romans, and

later the English, by the northern geography, and the peoples that lived there. Process Skills: 1. Students will be able to read a map of the United Kingdom, distinguish its borders, and those

of its separate countries, along with locating specific cities along with Hadrians Wall. 2. Students will be able to draw conclusions from the readings, along with understand some

of the history of the United Kingdom.

Values/Dispositions: 1. Students will understand the instilled desire for freedom, along with being cognizant of

what it takes to make a country great, in the form of natural resources and geographic positioning.

Standards:

State - Illinois Learning Standards 17.A.3b - Explain how to make and us graphic representations to provide and enhance spatial

information including maps, graphs, charts, models, aerial photographs, satellite images. 17.B.3a - Explain how physical processes including climate, plate tectonics, erosion, soil information, water cycle, and circulation patterns in the ocean shape patterns in the environment and influence availability and quality of natural resources. 17.C.3a - Explain how human activity is affected by geographic factors.

NCSS Standards #3 - People Places and Environments #6 - Power, Authority and Governance

Common Core Standards: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6-8.4 - Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including vocabulary specific to domains related to history/social studies.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6-8.7 - Integrate visual information (e.g. in charts, graphs, photographs, videos, or maps) with other information in print and digital texts.

Syntax/Procedures:

1. Analytical: a. Teacher Instructions

1. Give Lecture, combined with Power Point presentation, over the geography and history of the United Kingdom. Instruct students to go over the handouts

provided. b. Resource

1. Power Point presentation, handout, with lecture notes, and worksheet. c. Student Activity

1. Students will use lecture and Power Point presentation along with reading the handout, in order to gain sufficient understanding of the information.

2. Practical: a. Teacher Instructions

1. Give the students a brief 2. Allow them to work on reading the handout, and maps and then work together in order to find the answers to the worksheets. 3. Allow them to take the worksheets home, if necessary, to finalize their short answer the written essay segment.

b. Resource1. Power Point presentation 2. Handout on the Geography and history of the United Kingdom3. Map of the geographic borders between the five autonomous UK countries.4. Map showing the location of Hadrians Wall.5. Classroom notebooks.6. Worksheet.

c. Student Activity1. Students will divide into small groups of three or four.2. Groups will work together to find answers to the worksheet questionnaire.3. Students will work either together, finding information, in order to fill out the essay questions.

3. Creative:a. Teacher Instructions

1. Teacher will explain to students that they are to form groups of three or four.2. Teacher will explain the project, and that the students will be allowed to use portable laptops, as well as their source materials.3. After completion, and grading, worksheet and essay are to be kept in the students binder, for future reference.

b. Resources1. Maps2. Handout

c. Student Activity 1. Students will gather in groups of three or four.2. They will utilize the laptops, handouts and text to answer the questions, along with formulating their personal essays.3. Their work will be saved, after grading, to use as reference materials for future work.

IEP Instructions - Allow IEP Students extra time, and also give individual supervision, being sure to observe and guide with specific instructions. If necessary, work with them during any free time, and/or have them work specifically with another student who is exceptionally capable and willing to assist.

Resources

1.1 - Hadrians Wall Article

1.2 – Personal Writings, “The Geography and History of the United Kingdom.”

1.3 - Visual Aids (Pictures)

1.4 - JOHN CANNON. "Picts." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (November 26, 2013). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Picts.html

1.5 - http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/The-Romans-in-England/

1.6 - Questionaire (Student Copy)

1.7 - Questionaire (Teachers Copy)

1.8 - Short Essay Page

1.1 Hadrian’s Wall, begun in 122 AD (1900 years ago) 

Was meant to protect the English and Romans from the Northern Tribes(Picts, and later the Scottish Highlanders)

 

   The United Kingdom - England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales

 

1.2 Lesson #2 - The Geography and History of the United Kingdom 

The country now called the United Kingdom, was not always occupied. Up until about 10,000 years ago, it was still covered by glaciers. Once these melted off, the land became warm enough to live on, and small bands of people began moving north from the European mainland. Over the course of many years, they made their way all the way west to Ireland, and north into Scotland, and even the Orkney and Shetland islands. The northernmost tribes were named Picts, and were fierce fighters. They would paint their bodies, and fight alongside their women. About 2,000 years ago, Roman soldiers made their way to England, and conquered it. The Picts would not surrender, and fought so much with the Romans, that the Emperor Hadrian had a wall built all the way across the country, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the North Sea. Over the years, the tribes of Picts disappeared, to be replaced with Scottish clans (families) called "Highlanders." These clans lived far to the north, and up in the highest, most desolate parts of the mountains. It was freezing cold in the winter, and muddy and wet in the summer. There was little to eat, and the only animals that could live that high were shaggy Highland cows, and sheep. In the summers, it was barely warm enough to grow crops, but they tried, and some years were better than others. Over the years, the Romans fell into decline, and were replaced by the English, who learned to fight from them, and used their skill with building and weapons, to make armies of her own. She continued to fight with the Scottish Highlanders, in order to rule Scotland, but the Highlanders never really gave up trying, and over the years, eventually beat the English back. The United Kingdom is a powerful country, made up of England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales. Ireland itself is a republic, and not associated with the UK. There are many geographic features that make her a very good place to be. The country is an island, so is completely surrounded by water. This means that the UK has many ports, where ships can be loaded and unloaded with resources from the surrounding countryside. The hills of Scotland are full of forests. This means millions of trees can be used for lumber, paper and other wooden items. Also, during the 16th, to the 19th centuries, the UK was a major area for shipbuilding. The Scottish coast was full of shipyards, and many are still there, doing business, but now in steel ships. Parts of the United Kingdom used to be under water. Eventually, after millions of years, pressure, from tectonic plates, pushed the land from the sea. All those years of shellfish, dying on the ocean floor, can be seen along her coasts and in her hillsides, in the form of chalk. In many places, it is hundreds of feet deep, which shows just how many millions of years it took to make it all. There are numerous unique areas in the United Kingdom, one of which is the "Giants Causeway". This strange area is made up of thousands of perfectly shaped four, five, six and eight sided stones that step from the mountains to the ocean. They look like honeycombs set on end, but are made when lava is cooled in a certain way, and the stone cracks in specific formations. England is also where the Prime Meridian is to be found, in Greenwich. Here is where time starts, for the rest of the world, and the globe steps in one hour segments, all the way around and back again. The North Sea, on the United Kingdoms eastern coast, is special because under the sea floor, thousands of feet down, are huge stores of oil. These are being pumped to the surface by huge oil rigs that stand in the middle of the ocean. The North Sea is freezing, and dangerous. Many have fallen in the water, and frozen.  

1.3 Visual Aids

Hadrian’s Wall 

Picts  

Highlanders

1.4 Picts

The Oxford Companion to British History | 2002 | | Copyright

Picts. An indigenous tribe or group of tribes in Scotland during the Roman and post-Roman periods. They are first mentioned in ad 297 by Eumenius who calls them ‘half-naked enemies’ of the Britons. ‘Picts’ is probably a Latinized word meaning ‘painted people’. Classical writers, among them Julius Caesar, refer to the British habit of body-painting with materials such as woad. The Picts, along with other Britons, may even have been tattooed.

It is difficult to determine whether they had a substantive ethnic identity or if ‘Picti’ was merely a convenient label given by classical writers to all tribal peoples in Scotland in the later Roman period. A Roman poet observes in ad 310 that the Emperor Constantius chose not to acquire the woods and marshes of the ‘Caledones and other Picti’. The Caledonians were certainly one major tribe north of the Forth–Clyde frontier, whereas it would seem that ‘Picti’ were a whole group of tribes, possibly a new federation.

An important historical attestation of the Picts is provided by Ammianus Marcellinus, who records attacks on Roman Britain by Picts, Scots, Irish, and Saxons culminating in the ‘Picts' War’ of ad 367–8. Count Theodosius was sent to recover the situation and he restored the province after a major campaign. St Patrick refers to the Picts of the 5th cent. as ‘most shameful, wicked and apostate’ after they bought some of his Christian converts from slave dealers. Gildas refers to ‘marauding Picts’, savages with more hair on their faces than clothes on their bodies, who came by sea from the north and raided post-Roman Britain. In the 8th cent. Bede believed that at the time of St Columba's mission the Picts were divided into northern and southern groups, the latter having been converted to Christianity by St Ninian. According to legend, the last king of the Picts was killed at the instigation of Kenneth MacAlpin c. ad 842.

Archaeologically, the Picts are possibly represented by a number of carved standing ‘Pictish symbol stones’ found throughout Scotland. These probably date from the 6th–10th cents. AD, and are incised with a wide corpus of symbols inspired by Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, and Christian iconography.

Picts Highlander

1.5 The Romans in England

With the Roman Conquest in 43 AD came the first written records of England's history. Julius Caesar had of course paid earlier visits to Britain in 55 and 54 BC however these had only been to please his adoring public back home in Rome (political propaganda!) In 43 AD the Emperor Claudius resumed the work of Caesar by ordering the invasion of Britain under the command of Aulus Plautius.

The Romans quickly established control over the tribes of present day southeastern England. One British chieftain of the Catuvallauni tribe known as Caractacus, who initially fled from Camulodunum (Colchester) to present day south Wales, stirred up some resistance until his defeat and capture in 51 AD. Dispatched off to Rome, he obviously made friends in high places, appearing in Claudius' triumphal procession. He was later released in recognition of his courage and died in Rome. Resistance to Roman rule continued in what is now Wales, particularly inspired by the Druids, the priests of the native Celtic peoples.

All was relatively quiet in Britannia for ten years or so until Prasutagus the king of the Icon tribe, died. His queen, Boudica, a little upset at having her lands taken from her by the Romans and her two daughters raped, opted for affirmative action rather than the diplomatic approach. Under Boudica's leadership the Iceni together with their southern neighbours the Trinovantes revolted, burning to the ground Londinium (London), Verulamium (St. Albans) and Camulodunum (Colchester). Boudica poisoned herself after her army was virtually annihilated by Roman legions returning from active service in North Wales. They had again been attempting to quell the Druids in Anglesey.

During the 70's and 80's the Romans, under the command of Gnaeus Julius Agricola extended their control into northern and western England. Legions were located at York, Chester and Caerleon marking the limits of the 'Civil Zone'. Agricola moved northwards defeating the Caledonian tribes under the leadership of Calgacus at the battle of Mons Graupius in present day northeastern Scotland. The Romans gradually gave up their conquests in Scotland until in 122 AD the emperor Hadrian ordered the construction of a wall from the west coast of Britain to the east.

Hadrian's Wall ran for eighty miles from Newcastle in the east to Carlisle in the west. Designed to mark the boundaries of the Roman Empire, much of the great monument can still be seen today. When Hadrian died in 138 AD his successor Antonius Pius abandoned the newly completed wall and again pushed northwards. A new frontier, the Antonine Wall was established between the Forth and Clyde rivers in Scotland. Around 160

AD the Antonine Wall was abandoned and thereafter Hadrian's Wall again became the northern boundary of the Roman Empire in Britain.

The Romans never did succeed in subduing all of Britain. They always had to maintain a significant military presence to control the threat from the unconquered tribes. But most people in southern Britain settled down to Roman order and discipline. Towns appeared for the first time across the country, including York, Chester, St. Albans, Bath, Lincoln, Gloucester and Colchester. All of these major centres are still linked today by the system of Roman military roads radiating from the great port of London such as Ermine Street, Watling Street and the Fosse Way. These roads also allowed for the distribution of Roman luxuries such as spices, wines, glass etc. brought in from other regions of the Empire. It is likely that the Romanisation of Britain principally affected only the rich. This aristocracy may have increased status by adopting Roman ways and practices such as regular bathing. The vast majority of the populace would remain relatively untouched by Roman civilisation, living off the land and eking out a living.

1.6 Name: __Teachers Answer Sheet__

Lesson #2 - Geography and History of Rome & the United Kingdom  Answer each question by placing the correct letter in the lined, blank space before each question.

 1. ___F___ Scotland, England, Wales and Northern Ireland together are called? 2. ___B___ The Romans invaded the UK how many years ago? 3. ___ J ___ The "Giant's Causeway" is made up of what material that cooled to quickly? 4. ___L___ The name given to the northern tribes that painted their bodies, and fought off Roman

Roman soldiers was this? 5. ___H___ The name of the emperor that had a wall built to hold back the northern tribes was? 6. ___C___ The United Kingdom has this very important item under the North Sea? 7. ___A___ The clansmen that came down from the mountains to fight the English were called? 8. ___D___ The United Kingdom began to fill with people about 10,000 years ago, after what went

away? 9. ___G___ Around the coast of the United Kingdom are many of these, which are used for trade? 10. ___I____ This is located in Greenwich, and is where time is begun for the world. 11. ___K___ The UK has many of these and they were used for shipbuilding in the 16th, through the 19th

centuries. 12. ___E___ This was formed when seashells died and were buried on the ocean floor. After the land

was pushed up, it can now be seen and is very bright? A. Highlanders B. 2,000

C. Oil

D. Glaciers

E. Chalk

F. Great Britain

G. Ports

H. Hadrian

I. Prime Meridian

J. Lava

K. Forests

L. Picts Turn This Page Over -------->

1.7 Name: _Student Copy__Lesson #2 - Geography and History of the United Kingdom

 Answer each question by placing the correct letter in the lined, blank space before each question. 1. _______ Scotland, England, Wales and Northern Ireland together are called? 2. _______ The Romans invaded the UK how many years ago? 3. _______ The "Giant's Causeway" is made up of what material that cooled to quickly? 4. _______ The name given to the northern tribes that painted their bodies, and fought off Roman

Roman soldiers was this? 5. _______ The name of the emperor that had a wall built to hold back the northern tribes was? 6. _______ The United Kingdom has this very important item under the North Sea? 7. _______ The clansmen that came down from the mountains to fight the English were called? 8. _______ The United Kingdom began to fill with people about 10,000 years ago, after what went

away? 9. _______ Around the coast of the United Kingdom are many of these, which are used for trade? 10. ________ This is located in Greenwich, and is where time is begun for the world. 11. _______ The UK has many of these and they were used for shipbuilding in the 16th, through the 19th

centuries. 12. _______ This was formed when seashells died and were buried on the ocean floor. After the land

was pushed up, it can now be seen and is very bright? A. Highlanders

B. 2,000

C. Oil

D. Glaciers

E. Chalk

F. Great Britain

G. Ports

H. Hadrian

I. Prime Meridian

J. Lava

K. Forests

L. Picts

1.8 Short Essay Question

 

Talk a bit about the conditions that the people in the mountains lived under. Discuss their lives, and how you think it would feel, to be up there all of your life. What would you do? What and how would you eat? What do you think they did in their free time? Make sure you give at least four or five sentences. Write as much as you want, but give at least one paragraph. ___________________________________________________________________________

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Questions worth 2 points each for a total of 24. Essay question is worth 16 points

_______ X 2 = ________ + _________ (Essay) = _________ Total Points