The French Revolution pt. IIThe French Revolution pt. IIForming a New GovernmentForming a New Government

The National AssemblyThe National Assembly Concept: Concept: Limited GovernmentLimited Government

The National Assembly wrote new Social The National Assembly wrote new Social Contracts for France and established a Contracts for France and established a RepublicRepublic

1. The Declaration of the Rights of Man 1. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen and Citizen (August 1789)(August 1789)

defined the individual and collective rights of defined the individual and collective rights of all the estates; all the estates; unalienable rightsunalienable rights

2.2. Constitution of 1791Constitution of 1791 (September 1791) (September 1791)--established a Frenchestablished a French constitutional constitutional

monarchy, monarchy, limiting the King’s powerlimiting the King’s power

Declaration of Rights of Man and CitizenDeclaration of Rights of Man and Citizen1.1. Guaranteed Guaranteed Individual and Natural RightsIndividual and Natural Rights

-“-“All citizens are to be guaranteed the rights of All citizens are to be guaranteed the rights of "liberty, property, security, and resistance to "liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression".oppression".

2. Denounced the 2. Denounced the Divine Right of KingsDivine Right of Kings "All the citizens, being equal in [the eyes of the "All the citizens, being equal in [the eyes of the

law], are without distinction other than that of law], are without distinction other than that of their virtues and of their talents," their virtues and of their talents,"

3. Created 3. Created equal taxationequal taxation of all French of all French CitizensCitizens

-“A general tax is indispensable for the maintenance -“A general tax is indispensable for the maintenance of the public force ought to be equally of the public force ought to be equally apportioned among all citizens according to their apportioned among all citizens according to their means.means. “ “

Constitution of 1791Constitution of 1791 The Dec. of Rights of Man and Citizen became the The Dec. of Rights of Man and Citizen became the

Preamble Preamble to the Constitution of 1791to the Constitution of 1791

1.1. Established Established Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty-the people -the people ultimately have control of governmentultimately have control of government

-"Sovereignty is one, indivisible, inalienable, and imprescriptible.”-"Sovereignty is one, indivisible, inalienable, and imprescriptible.”

2.2. Created a Created a Separation of PowersSeparation of Powers--The The National AssemblyNational Assembly was the legislative body, the was the legislative body, the king and king and

royal ministersroyal ministers made up the executive branch, and the made up the executive branch, and the Judicial Branch was Judicial Branch was independent independent of the other two branchesof the other two branches

3.3. Established the Established the Republic Republic of Franceof France--representative democracy weakened the king’s representative democracy weakened the king’s executive authority executive authority

National AssemblyNational Assembly The National Assembly created severe The National Assembly created severe

political divisions among the peoplepolitical divisions among the people

RadicalsRadicals LiberalsLiberals ModeratesModerates ConservativesConservatives ReactionariesReactionaries

End Monarchy End Monarchy Kill the KingKill the King

King is a King is a figurehead figurehead

with no powerwith no power

Republic - King Republic - King as an advisoras an advisor

King limited King limited powerspowers

Restore the Restore the MonarchyMonarchy

Peasants Peasants Bourgeoisie Bourgeoisie

Clergy Clergy NoblesNobles

Reign of TerrorReign of Terror By 1792, people were becoming By 1792, people were becoming

suspicious of each other and were afraid suspicious of each other and were afraid to discuss openly their political views.to discuss openly their political views.

Radical Radical Maximilien RobespierreMaximilien Robespierre and and the Jacobins call for the execution of the the Jacobins call for the execution of the King and Queen and their supporters.King and Queen and their supporters.

The The radicals gain powerradicals gain power within the within the National AssemblyNational Assembly

Reign of TerrorReign of Terror In late 1792, Robespierre became the In late 1792, Robespierre became the

leader of the National Assembly and leader of the National Assembly and calls for the calls for the executionexecution of any and all of any and all King sympathizersKing sympathizers

He created a new legislative body He created a new legislative body called the called the National ConventionNational Convention

By 1794, about By 1794, about 40,000 people had 40,000 people had been executed at the guillotinebeen executed at the guillotine on on suspicion of supporting the Monarchysuspicion of supporting the Monarchy

Reign of TerrorReign of Terror The National Convention agreed that The National Convention agreed that

Robespierre had gained too much power.Robespierre had gained too much power.

They ordered that They ordered that Robespierre be Robespierre be executedexecuted at the guillotine in July of 1794 at the guillotine in July of 1794

A group of moderates form a new A group of moderates form a new legislative body called the legislative body called the DirectoryDirectory End the Reign of TerrorEnd the Reign of Terror Write a New ConstitutionWrite a New Constitution

Creating the new GovernmentCreating the new Government On a separate sheet of paper using On a separate sheet of paper using

all key words and concepts, explain all key words and concepts, explain how the new French Government how the new French Government was established between 1789 and was established between 1789 and 1794.1794.