The Federalist Era, 1789-1800

Launching the New Government

The First Federal ElectionsPicking the first president

The new Congress

The Bill of Rights

James Madison

George WashingtonJohn Adams

Filling out the governmentHenry Knox: Sec. of

War

Edmund Randolph: Att. General

Thomas Jefferson: Sec. of State

Alexander

Hamilton: Sec. of the

Treasury

Washington’s Cabinet

John Jay: First Chief Justice

(SCOTUS)

Alexander Hamilton’s Financial Program

• Assumption and creation of national debt

“Report on Public Credit”

• Proposed congress charter a bank

“Report on the national

bank”• Proposed a federal

currency“Report on the Mint"

• Program to encourage domestic industry

“Report on Manufacture

s"

Political Views: Hamilton versus Jefferson

Passionate Politics

Partisanship without Parties

The New Politician: mobilized voters and created political organizations

Expansion of the Press

Democratic-Republican Societies

Cultural Politics

Peter PorcupineFederalist William Cobbett “Peter Porcupine,” scribbles attacks and insults.” Republican political cartoon.

Conflicts at Home and Abroad

The French Revolution in America

Liberty and the Guillotine

The revolution became symbol for both Republicans and Federalists

John Jay

Jay’s Treaty, 1795

Treaty agreed to compensate America for cargoes sized in 1793-1794 and to vacate forts in the Northwest territory

Map of Spanish Interests in America

Pinckney Treaty (1795): Secured America’s right to navigate the Mississippi River and use New Orleans (also settled boundary of Florida)

The Whiskey RebellionRebellion over Hamilton’s hated tax on Whiskey in 1794.

Washington chooses the negotiate, but called the militia

after negotiations failed

Repeal the tax to avoid

confrontation (R)

Call up Militia

immediately (F)

Negotiate, but have

militia ready.

The Presidency of John Adams, 1796-

1800

Washington’s FarewellAttacked the growing factions and partisanship

Advised Americans steer clear of permanent alliances with foreign nations

Election of 1796

The XYZ Affair and Quasi-War with France

XYZ Affair (1796): Three French officials demand bribe from Americans to begin negotiations

Quasi-War: An undeclared naval war with France from 1798-1800

The Alien and Sedition Acts

Alien Acts (3 separate laws): Increased government deportation powers/Made it harder to become a citizen

Sedition Act: criminalized protesting the government/criminalized speech or expression criticizing the government or its actions.

The Election of 1800

Jefferson’s opponents portrayed him as an atheist who drew radical ideas from the French Revolution. In this image the American eagle tries to prevent Jefferson from throwing the Constitution into the flames emanating from the altar of Gallic (French) despotism.