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Unit 5: The New Republic Begins (1789-1800). Washington’s Presidency (1789-1797). Washington’s Presidency (1789-1797). George Washington elected 1789. Washington’s Presidency (1789-1797). George Washington elected 1789. John Adams – VP. Washington’s Presidency (1789-1797). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Unit 5: The New Republic Begins (1789-1800)
Washington’s Presidency (1789-1797)
Washington’s Presidency (1789-1797)
George Washington elected 1789.
Washington’s Presidency (1789-1797)
George Washington elected 1789.
John Adams – VP.
Washington’s Presidency (1789-1797)
George Washington elected 1789.
John Adams – VP. Arduous task ahead;
the Constitution provided a framework, but it had never been used.
Washington’s Presidency (1789-1797)
George Washington elected 1789.
John Adams – VP. Arduous task ahead; the
Constitution provided a framework, but it had never been used.
The US form or govt. called the great experiment.
Washington’s Cabinet
Washington’s Cabinet Constitution says little
about the Cabinet.
Washington’s Cabinet Constitution says little
about the Cabinet. Congress creates 5
Executive Departments: State, Treasury, War, Justice, Postmaster
Washington’s Cabinet Constitution says little
about the Cabinet. Congress creates 5
Executive Departments: State, Treasury, War, Justice, Postmaster
Sec. of the Treasury = Alexander Hamilton
Washington’s Cabinet Constitution says little
about the Cabinet. Congress creates 5
Executive Departments: State, Treasury, War, Justice, Postmaster
Sec. of the Treasury = Alexander Hamilton
Sec of State = Thomas Jefferson
Problems for Washington
Problems for Washington
1. THE NATIONAL DEBT
Problems for Washington
1. THE NATIONAL DEBT The US is in debt following the Revolutionary
War.
Problems for Washington
1. THE NATIONAL DEBT The US is in debt following the Revolutionary
War. The govt borrowed money by selling govt. bonds
—certificates that would be repaid with interest years later.
Problems for Washington
1. THE NATIONAL DEBT The US is in debt following the Revolutionary
War. The govt borrowed money by selling govt. bonds
—certificates that would be repaid with interest years later.
The national and state govt.s had sold bonds and needed to pay the holder of the certificates.
Problems for Washington
1. THE NATIONAL DEBT The US is in debt following the Revolutionary
War. The govt borrowed money by selling govt. bonds
—certificates that would be repaid with interest years later.
The national and state govt.s had sold bonds and needed to pay the holder of the certificates.
Hamilton says America must pay its debts in order to be trusted and one day be great.
Hamilton’s Plan to Pay the Debt
Hamilton’s Plan to Pay the Debt
1. Buy up all the state and nat’l bonds issued before 1789. Have new govt sell new bonds.
Hamilton’s Plan to Pay the Debt
1. Buy up all the state and nat’l bonds issued before 1789. Have new govt sell new bonds.
2. Have nat’l govt. pay off debts owed by the states.
Hamilton’s Plan to Pay the Debt
1. Buy up all the state and nat’l bonds issued before 1789. Have new govt sell new bonds.
2. Have nat’l govt. pay off debts owed by the states.
Madison and Southerners disagree. Hamilton’s plan rewards speculators, and many Southern states have already paid off their debts.
Hamilton’s Plan to Pay the Debt
1. Buy up all the state and nat’l bonds issued before 1789. Have new govt sell new bonds.
2. Have nat’l govt. pay off debts owed by the states.
Madison and Southerners disagree. Hamilton’s plan rewards speculators, and many Southern states have already paid off their debts.
Hamilton compromises with the South. Southerners adopt Hamilton’s plan, and nat’l capital is moved to Washington DC.
Hamilton’s Plan to Build the US Economy
Hamilton’s Plan to Build the US Economy
1. Create a Bank of the US. Deposit taxes, and loan money to farmers and businessmen.
Hamilton’s Plan to Build the US Economy
1. Create a Bank of the US. Deposit taxes, and loan money to farmers and businessmen.
2. Protect and encourage American industry/business/ manufacturing with a protective tariff.
The Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion
Hamilton proposes a tax on liquor in the US.
The Whiskey Rebellion
Hamilton proposes a tax on liquor in the US.
Farmers grew corn and converted it to whiskey. They hated the whiskey tax as much as British taxes.
The Whiskey Rebellion
Hamilton proposes a tax on liquor in the US.
Farmers grew corn and converted it to whiskey. They hated the whiskey tax as much as British taxes.
Farmers rebel!
The Whiskey Rebellion
Hamilton proposes a tax on liquor in the US.
Farmers grew corn and converted it to whiskey. They hated the whiskey tax as much as British taxes.
Farmers rebel! Washington acts!! Sends
in troops to put down rebellion. (unlike Shay’s)
The Whiskey Rebellion
Hamilton proposes a tax on liquor in the US.
Farmers grew corn and converted it to whiskey. They hated the whiskey tax as much as British taxes.
Farmers rebel! Washington acts!! Sends
in troops to put down rebellion. (unlike Shay’s)
Proves the new nat’l govt is STRONG!
Washington’s Foreign Policy: French Revolution
Washington’s Foreign Policy: French Revolution
French Revolution = 1789 poor peasants, fighting for liberty and equality, rebel against the French monarchy. Very bloody, tens of thousands of citizens executed, including the king and queen.
Washington’s Foreign Policy: French Revolution
French Revolution = 1789 poor peasants, fighting for liberty and equality, rebel against the French monarchy. Very bloody, tens of thousands of citizens executed, including the king and queen.
At first, Americans support, until turned very violent.
Washington’s Foreign Policy: French Revolution
Washington’s Foreign Policy: French Revolution
Jefferson supports the French Revolution, Hamilton opposes.
Washington’s Foreign Policy: French Revolution
Jefferson supports the French Revolution, Hamilton opposes.
Washington issues the Neutrality Proclamation = US to stay out of Fr. Rev.
Washington’s Foreign Policy: French Revolution
Jefferson supports the French Revolution, Hamilton opposes.
Washington issues the Neutrality Proclamation = US to stay out of Fr. Rev.
France and England start seizing US ships.
Washington’s Foreign Policy: French Revolution
Jefferson supports the French Revolution, Hamilton opposes.
Washington issues the Neutrality Proclamation = US to stay out of Fr. Rev.
France and England start seizing US ships.Jay’s Treaty = US and England avoid war.
Washington’s Farewell
Washington’s Farewell
Washington decides to leave office after 2 terms.
Washington’s Farewell
Washington decides to leave office after 2 terms.
Gives his famous Farewell Address.
Washington’s Farewell
Washington decides to leave office after 2 terms.
Gives his famous Farewell Address.
1) stay out of European affairs and not make “entangling alliances”
Washington’s Farewell
Washington decides to leave office after 2 terms.
Gives his famous Farewell Address.
1) stay out of European affairs and not make “entangling alliances”
2) warned against political parties in America; they’re divisive
Washington’s Farewell
Washington considered one of the greatest Presidents because he was the first one and made the Presidency work.
Hamilton v. Jefferson
Hamilton Jefferson
Negative view of human nature.
Strong central govt.
Best and wealthy should rule.
Business, manufacturing, industry is best.
Pro-British.
Positive view of human nature.
Strong state govts.
More people should have political power.
Agriculture and farming is best.
Pro-French.
Hamilton Jefferson
Favored National Bank.
Favored protective tariff.
Loose interpretation of the Constitution (“necessary and proper” clause).
Federalist Party.
From New York (Northern thinking).
Opposed National Bank.
Opposed protective tariff.
Strict interpretation of the Constitution (word for word).
Republican Party (short for Democrat Republican).
From Virginia (Southern thinking).
John Adams’ Presidency (1797-1801)
Washington’s VP elected 2nd President: Federalist. France upset at Jay’s Treaty: think it favors England.
Begin seizing US ships. Many Federalists want war!!
John Adams’ Presidency (1797-1801)
Washington’s VP elected 2nd President: Federalist. France upset at Jay’s Treaty: think it favors England. Begin seizing
US ships. Many Federalists want war!! XYZ Affair angers Americans, but Adams keeps US out of war—
following Washington’s precedent. Hamilton hopes to weaken Republicans over anger at France and build up US military. (Federalists = strong nat’l govt)
Problems for the Federalist Party
Hamilton and Adams do NOT like each other.
Disagreement over French conflict causes a split in the Federalist Party. Hamilton wants war, Adams doesn’t
In 1798, Federalists pass the Alien and Sedition Acts:
Problems for the Federalist Party
In 1798, Federalists pass the Alien and Sedition Acts: 1. Alien Act= President could expel any “dangerous” alien.
Immigrants become citizens and vote after 14 years (used to be 5 years). Immigrants tended to support Republicans = fewer votes!!
2. Sedition Act= Citizens could be fined or jailed for criticizing the govt. Violation of 1st Amendment!!
Republicans FURIOUS! Alien and Sedition Acts passed to hurt Republicans.
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798 & 1799)
Republicans furious over Alien and Sedition Acts.
Jefferson and Madison (Southerners), help pass Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions.
Said A STATE can declare a federal law unconstitutional and nullify it within its borders. ????
Issue of state’s rights (South, Jefferson) vs. nat’l govt’s power (North, Hamilton)!
(Ultimately decided by Civil War in 1860’s)
Election of 1800 Federalists unpopular for
raising taxes and Alien and Sedition Acts.
Republicans nominate Jefferson and Burr. Flaw in the electoral college sends election to the House. Jefferson elected.
12th Amendment passed to fix electoral college: electors cast separate votes for Pres & VP.
1st peaceful transfer of power in US history: Federalists to Republicans.
NOOO!!
NOOO!! Burr kills Hamilton in a duel (July, 1804)
The patriot genius Alexander Hamilton of the Federalist Party is killed by the worthless traitor Aaron Burr.
Hamilton one of the greatest Founders.
Federalist party declines.
