TThhee FFaammiilliieess

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DDaavviidd WWiilllliiaamm HHooaarree

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LLiilllliiaann AAnnnniiee BBrrooookkeerr

By James Franklin Joa (Grandson)

Dedication

This work is dedicated to all of my family members who have contributed the values and experiences in my life

which are responsible for my becoming who I am today.

Thank You

I would like to thank my mother-in-law, Tressa Burnett and her brother, Jay Ward, who by their example sparked my interest in genealology. I would also like to thank my mother Janet Lois Hoare Joa, my aunt Doris Joan Hoare Heyns, my Uncle James (Hoare) Horton and my great aunt Doris Brooker Blundell for the information I needed to get started on this project.

Forward

This project started back in 1997 when I was fortunate enough to be given an opportunity to travel to England for Procter & Gamble for which I am glad to say I am still working. My knowledge of the Hoare family was scant at best. My knowledge of the Brooker family was better due to the contact that my family continued to have with the Brooker family.

I ventured into London for my first time with a backpack full of notes and e-mails from various family members and knew that I would solve all of the questions I had about my family. Of course, I ended up leaving with more questions than I started with.

I felt like a poor lost soul wondering around the stacks of the Family Records Centre in London that first time. Imaging my surprise when I found out that Birth, Marriage and Death Certificates take 4 business days to process. That meant that I would not receive the information I needed to continue my search until I got home. This is because these certificates would give the parents names for birth certificates, fathers name and witness names for marriage and the reporting person for death certificates. These are invaluable for establishing relationships.

After the registers are exhausted, it’s time to move onto the census records. This has gotten much easier with the census being added to Ancestry.com but at the beginning of this effort, it was microfisch and microfilm. This was useful for establishing the families and birth years as well as addresses.

After the recource center is exhausted, then it was off to Vestry House, now the Local History Museum for the London Borough of Waltham Forest, which just happened to be located next to St. Mary’s Walthamstow Parish search where I was informed that many of the family’s events have occurred.

I showed up without an appointment but I am sure that I looked so pitiful that the librarian took pity on my and let me look around the library. It was here that I found the address of the Hoare Barbershop in Walthamstow. The library has been invaluable in my research but it took me several visits over the years to get the most use out of it.

I then proceded to visit some of the addresses that I had obtained in order to see if they still existed after the bombings during World War II. Fortunately, more had survived than had not. It helped me place some of the information in context and to photograph these points of interest, to me at least. At times, I was afread someone was going to beat me with a bat or call the police on me for staring at and photographing their house.

One example of putting things in context was when I discovered that the Hoare Barber Shop and the Brooker house were right around the corner from each other. Also, the Hoare Barber Shop, now a clothing store, was in a row of connected houses/shops. Although I haven’t found any proof as of yet, it makes me think that the butcher shop that William Brooker work in was located in the same row as the barber shop.

Searching for the various addresses that the family has occupied has taken me to parts of London that most “tourists” do not regularly visit but I have obtained a real appreciation

of the areas where my ancestors have lived in the past. I enjoy trying to imaging what these places would have looked like in the 19th century.

I have since made 5 trips to the London area for the company which I make sure to add extra time for family history research. Each time I go, I make my research efforts more efficient and productive. This is partly because I am more confident in my research abilities but also because every time I go, the information I have is more complete than on previous visits. This makes establishing relationships or identifying people much easier because the new information fits into the story or it does not. I also try to list a set of questions that I would like to answer while I am there.

The last time I traveled to London was in 2004. That was the trip that I got brave enough to rent a car although I did not drive into London. I am looking forward to going back because having a car will make getting to areas in the suburbs much easier. The public transportation system is very nice and will get you to almost any town but unfortunately not all of the places I needed to visit were near the train station in the town. I would not be surprised if almost half of my time in research was used in walking.

This document is a work in progress. There are several families that have been identified as being direct ancestors but not explored in this book. I find new information regularly but I needed to set a stopping point or this would not get done. I will keep adding to the next edition though and will make it available in the future.

As this is my first effort at something like this, any feedback about organization or formatting will be graciously appreciated. Of course, if there are any inaccuracies, please let me know as well.

Also, if you have any stories, information or photos that you would like to see included in the next edition, please send them to me as well.

So why write this book now? Well, I have just turned 45 and I realized that if something were to happen to me then all of my work may go to waste. Even if someone did take the information I have gathered and tried to carry on, it would take years to sort thru and make sense out of it. So I decided to put out a preliminary edition to get all of the information into an organized and colliated manner. In addition, I have tried to include comments and questions about the information contained within.

Throughout the book, you will find small articles to provide information on the lifestyle of Georgian and Victorian England. There are also items identifying events in history to put the family’s story into some historical context.

Hope you enjoy reading this as much as I enjoyed writing it.

Frank Joa

Formatting Notes

In order to keep all of these names and dates in some context, I have taken the following formatting steps:

Family Chapters: The families in the direct lineage of David William Hoare and Lillian Annie Brooker are organized into separate chapters.

Dates: Each family chapter is arranged from the earliest know date for that family to latest date, usually around 1900. I have left out most of the family after 1900 since I do not have any records for most of these people and also listing living people can be problematic.

Color: The names of David William Hoare and Lillian Annie Brooker are colored RED to identify them as the principals of this book. People in direct line with David and Lillian are listed in BLUE. This way it is easier to track these family members through the timeline.

Superscript: Each name of a person related by blood to a particular family will have a small number after their name designating the generation of that person, i.e. David William Hoare4. The earliest member of the family will be number one. These numbers are not comparable between families since there are different numbers of generations in each family.

Female family members and children of female members will have these numbers listed after the married name after the time of the marriage. The index lists the superscript number with the name to try to distinquish between various family memebers with the same name. For example, there are 5 Henry Brookers spanning 4 different generations.

Lineage: After birth entries, the lineage of that person is listed in parentheses after their name. For example, David William Hoare4 (Frederick James William3, James William2, William1) identifies David as the son of Frederick James William Hoare3, grandson of James William Hoar(e)2 and the great grandson of William Hoar1. Note that the color sceme listed above is carried through the lineage listings. This makes it easier to determine how many generations a particular person has in common with either David or Lillian.

Anyone appearing in another family’s chapter due to marriage will be colored red or blue if necessary but will not have a superscript in that family.

Table of Contents

Hoare Family 1 Brooker Family 58 Crosier Family 93 Foreman Family 116 Howes Family 183 Godart Family 190 Index 200

Hoare Family 1

David William Hoare 1925

Hoare Family 2

Hoare Nick. ‘the hoar,’ i.e. the grayish white; probably from complexion of

the hair ; cf. Fairfax, Grey, White, Black.

‘Ae olde men and hore

That help-lees ben of strengthe.’

Pier Plowman, 4682-31

The family of David William Hoare4 has been traced throughout southern England from Portsmouth, Hampshire on the southern coast to Walthamstow, Essex, in the north of London.

The name Hoare may have actually been Hoar before 1820. James William Hoare, David William4’s Grandfather, has William and Elizabeth listed as his parents on his baptism record. Although there is not a last name listed for his parents, there is a William Hoar who married Elizabeth Stubbs in the same parish 9 years before his birth.

It seems that James William Hoare made the move from Hampshire to London. The earliest documented evidence appears in 1849 with his marriage to Mary Colwill in which he was married in St. Pancras Parish and the subsequent 1851 census in which he and his wife Mary are listed as living in Finsbury in London.

1 A Dictionary Of English & Welsh Surnames

Hoare Family 3

1800 Around 1801, William Hoar1 was born in Havant, Hampshire.2

1810 On 18 October 1815, William Hoar1 married Elizabeth Stubbs at St. Mary’s, Portsea in Hampshire.3

Although no specific evidence has been found to link this marriage to James William Hoar2, there is enough circumstantial evidence to include this entry in the Hoare family history. Hopefully, evidence will come to light soon.

1820 On 4 January 1824, James William Hoar2 (William1) was christened at St. Mary’s, Portsea, in Hampshire. His parents were William1 and Elizabeth Hoar4.

2 1841 English Census 3 Hampshire Library Parish Records 4 1841 English Census

21 October 1805: Battle of Trafalgar

In 1805, the combined fleets of France and Spain faced the Royal Navy in the last great battle of the age of sail, at Cape Trafalgar off the coast of Spain. British naval hero Admiral Horatio Lord Nelson led the daring British attack in HMS 'Victory', but was killed at the height of the battle. It seems likely that the French emperor, Napoleon Bonaparte, had already abandoned his plans for the invasion of England, but the victory nonetheless handed Britain complete control of the seas.

Hoare Family 4

Around 1826, Eliza Hoar2 (William1) was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire. Her parents were William1 and Elizabeth Hoar5.

Around 1829, James Hoar2 (William1) was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire. His parents were William1 and Elizabeth Hoar6.

1830 Around 1833, Sarah Hoar2 (William1) was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire. His parents were William1 and Elizabeth Hoar7.

1840 1841 Census

• William Hoar1 (40 Years) is listed as living at Spring Row, Landport Road in the parish of Portsea in the Borough of Portsmouth in Hampshire County employed as a hairdresser. Living with William1 is Eliza Hoar (35 Years), James William Hoar2 (15 Years), William Hoar2 (10 Years) and Sarah Hoar2 (8 Years). James2 is listed as being employed as a Printer’s Apprentice. All are listed as having been born in the County of Hampshire.

This census entry means that Elizabeth Stubbs Hoar was 10 Years old when she married William Hoar1 who would have been 15 years old at the time. This could have been an arranged marriage since William1 and Elizabeth did not have children until she was 20 years old.

(William1)

• Eliza Hoar2 (15 Years) is listed as living on Wiltshire Street in Portsea, Hampshire employed as a F. S. (Female Servant). She was working for the household of Samuel Bennett (30 Years) who was employed as a Mail Guard traveling from Bristol to Portsea. Eliza Hoar2 is identified as having been born in County of Hampshire.

It appears that James William Hoar2 moved from Hampshire to Middlesex in the later half of the decade. This could have corresponded with the death of his mother.

In 1845, Eliza Hoar2 married Daniel Heath on Portsea Island in Hampshire.8

Around 1848, Daniel Heath3 (William1, Eliza2) was born to Daniel and Eliza Heath2 in Portsea, Hampshire.9

Around 1849, Eliza Heath3 (William1, Eliza2) was born to Daniel and Eliza Heath2 in Portsea, Hampshire.10

5 1851English Census 6 1841 English Census 71841 English Census 8 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 9 1851 English Census 10 1851 English Census

Hoare Family 5

In 1849, James William Hoar2 and Mary Colwill were married in the Parish of St. Pancras in Middlesex.11

11 FreeBMD Birth Index: 1837-1983

The Mail guard wore the Royal livery consisting of a scarlet coat trimmed with gold braid. He was also provided with a blunderbuss, a clock kept in a leather pouch, a horse pistol, and a horn with which to warn other road users as well as to announce the arrival and departure of the coach. The duties of the mail guard, an employee of the post office, were the delivery and safety of the mail and keeping the coachman on time. Every coach carried a locked timepiece and the guard had to transfer the time recorded by that on to a time-bill. The Royal Mail guard had to write in an explanation for any delay witnessed by the Post-master.

In an attempt to avoid bribery and corruption, the Royal Mail paid their guards well, 10s-6d a week (a very large sum then). The Mail guard was also provided with a new hat and scarlet coat with gold braid on every year. They also gave them a good pension when they retired. In addition to this, there were the tips. "The driver and the guard are to be paid at the end of every stage of about twenty miles. This custom [came to have almost] the force of law; and the perquisite is generally demanded as a matter of right. The usual donation, for such it is, is six pence to each, but a shilling and even more is often given, and never refused."(from Joshua White's Letters on England, written in 1810) A silver shilling per passenger was considered normal for a long journey. http://www.georgianindex.net/R_mail/guard/rm_guard.html

Hoare Family 6

Victorian Weddings

IT is customary for the bridal breakfast to be given at the house of the bride's parents, and the cost is defrayed by them. If the house is not large enough for the purpose, or any other objections exist, it is not unusual for the breakfast to be given at some hotel that has a connection for similar entertainments, and where as much seclusion is enjoyed as attends meetings of the kind in private life. Some of these establishments, indeed, have lately become quite favourite places of resort for bridal parties, and at many of them the appointments usual in a well-conducted establishment are scrupulously observed and carried out. The order for such entertainments should be given some time previously, and the number of guests specified. The rate at which the contract will be taken should be expressly understood. Having made all necessary arrangements, the host and hostess should refrain from alterations, either in the number of the party or the description of wines, viands, &c. It is in these needless changes that disputable charges are liable to be made, converting what otherwise might have been an occasion of unalloyed pleasure into a source of unpleasant reminiscence.

Having decided on placing the management of the breakfast in the hands of competent professional purveyors, the host and hostess need have no personal trouble in the matter. All that is usual to be done on such occasions will be done, and the latest rules observed in the various details subject to the dictates of fashion.

Concerning wedding-breakfasts in private houses, some practical suggestions may not be unnecessary.

Immediately on leaving the vestry, the bride and bridegroom repair to the residence of the bride's parents, or wherever the breakfast may be appointed to take place. In the drawing-room are usually displayed the presents the young couple has received. This fashion is of questionable taste but, being in vogue, the practice cannot be dismissed without a word of comment. Some people carry the display to the extent of announcing the names of the donors of the respective gifts by having written cards affixed; or by placing the ordinary visiting-card of the donor, or the letter that may have accompanied the present by the side of the offering. Some little time is usually passed by the guests in inspecting the presents and bestowing

Hoare Family 7

their congratulations on the bride and bridegroom. 1f however, any period of time longer than half an hour should he required to elapse before descending to breakfast, biscuits, tea, coffee, and (if in the summer) ices should be handed round to the company. The precise time at which breakfast is to take place, as also the hour for solemnising the marriage, and the name of the church, should be written on the card of invitation. The following is the usual form of invitation:-

"Mr. and Mrs. ----- request the pleasure of a -------'s company at breakfast on ----, at ---- oclock.

St. -----' s Church, at ---- oclock."

The blanks should of course be filled in with the names, dates, &c. The address of the intended host and hostess should be written on the top of the paper.

People who wish only to go to the breakfast may please themselves without any offence being taken - religious faith and practice being beyond the control of ceremonious social observances. Many members of Protestant denominations object to entering a Roman Catholic church (and vice versa), but would be glad, nevertheless, to offer their congratulations in person at a breakfast ; to such the course is quite open.

The hour at which the breakfast takes place is generally regulated by the departure of the bride and bridegroom for the wedding-tour. It is the custom for the bride to leave the table to exchange her bridal costume for a travelling suit, and not to return to her friends' company. The earlier the departure the better, it is considered, according to present etiquette.

The order of arranging a wedding-breakfast is as follows:- Everything must be bright, clean, and in good taste. As many flowers as can be conveniently used - not to the detriment of the guests' comfort at table - should be introduced. Flowers may abound everywhere. Tea and coffee should be served from a side-table, and if required, should be handed to the guests in teacups, leaving milk and sugar to be added to taste. On the table everything intended to constitute the repast should be spread at once. No changes occur at wedding-breakfasts. The only additions not on the table are ice pudding, which should be handed round towards the end of the meal. The favourite viands for wedding-breakfasts are such as are in vogue at first-rate ball-suppers; viz., cold joints, poultry, game, lobster salads, ham, tongues, savoury patties, jellies, creams, fruit, &c. &c.

Hoare Family 8

The wedding-cake is an important feature at a wedding. breakfast, and should be placed opposite the bride. At that stage of the repast when the appetite for solid fare has been satisfied on the part of the guests, the principal attendant presents a dinner knife to the bride, requesting her to cut the cake. If the cake be large and thickly iced, this is a task of no slight difficulty, and the bride's task is considered ended by simply placing the knife in the centre of the cake. The servant then removes the cake from the table, and finishes the work, cutting the cake into pieces about two inches square, and presenting them on a separate plate, accompanied by a small fork, to each guest.

The handing round of the cake, as in everything else connected with the service of the table, commences with the bride. She is throughout the most honoured guest, and is served first, although at her father's table.

Cake having been offered to every one, the business of toasts begins. This is a very tedious and unsatisfactory affair generally to every one concerned, and it is to be wished that considerable restrictions were enforced in the matter. As things stand, the usual plan is for the oldest friend of the family to propose the health of the bride and bridegroom. If he is sensible and considerate, he will not suffer the enthusiasm of the moment to inspire him with extravagant praise of the fair bride, such compliments being received by the most indulgent of friends at the precise value of their worth; allowing a bride is more interesting on her wedding-day than at any other period of her life, that should be no reason for lavishing on her eulogiums unwarranted by common sense.

In return for the above health, the bridegroom rises and tenders his thanks for the honour done. A very few well-spoken words are sufficient for this purpose, no one expecting him to make a speech upon the now so personal a matter as the excellent qualities of his wife.

Some friend on intimate terms with the family then proposes the health of the parents of the bride, to which the father, or his representative, returns thanks. A similar compliment is then paid to the parents of the bridegroom, with the same response, from the oldest friend on their side.

The clergyman's health, if he be present, is then proposed and responded to. Finally, the health of the brides. maids is proposed, generally by some familiar friend, a married man. The honour of returning thanks for this toast is reserved for the "best man," the bridegroom's friend.

Hoare Family 9

The final toast having been honoured is the signal for the ladies to retire, the bride leading the way. During the progress of the toasts, a very pretty occupation properly falls to the lot of the first bridesmaid, and as it is one which is conducive to a good deal of well-timed complimentary attention, should not be suffered to fall into oblivion. The task alluded to is the distribution of the bride's bouquet, as wedding-favours, to the assembled guests. These favours, being considered of particularly fortunate omen, are much valued. The bride having selected the flower she wishes especially to preserve as a remembrance of her wedding-day, passes the bouquet to the first bridesmaid, who forthwith begins to loosen the flowers and distribute them quietly to the assembled guests. Every one present should have a flower of some kind given. Of course the privilege of selection is reserved to the bridesmaid, and she does not give the worst to the most esteemed friend present.

The departure of the bride and bridegroom should be arranged to take place without unnecessary delay, immediately after their leaving the breakfast-table. Parents and friends wishing to take a particular and tender farewell generally contrive to enjoy a few minutes' privacy, no emotion or visible depth of feeling being considered appropriate in a scene of festive enjoyment. All agitation of the kind is very disturbing to every one, and if sincerely felt is best concealed, or indulged in out of sight of less sensitive observers. Every one can understand that parents are moved to the heart at parting with a cherished son or daughter, but it is not necessary to excite undue comment on such an occasion as a marriage.

Directly the bride and bridegroom have left, the general company are expected to disperse. Their carriages should be waiting, ready to be called immediately after the departure of the bridal pair. It is not unusual for the bride's parents to receive a larger number of friends than could have been accommodated at breakfast, to celebrate the event in the evening. The ordinary evening party is certainly the most suitable form of entertainment. Sometimes the family and most intimate friends go to some place of amusement for the rest of the day.

In another article we shall refer to the subjects of licenses and banns ; wedding dresses; cards or "no cards;" ceremonial calls, and other matters connected with the interesting event.

MARRIAGES if performed by licence must be solemnised in either parish wherein one of the persons has been for the preceding fortnight resident.

Hoare Family 10

The church where the marriage ceremony is to take place must be named in the licence. The parties themselves are not obliged to take out the licence personally, provided that whoever undertakes the office takes oath that both the bride and bridegroom elect are of full age, and, if minors, have the consent of their parents and guardians. Marriage licences may be taken out at the proper office at Doctors' Commons. The cost is £2 2s. 6d. Special licences differ from the ordinary licence in permitting the parties to be married at any place not named, and at an hour different from that which is otherwise compulsory. Marriages, without a special licence, can only be solemnised between the hours of eight o'clock and twelve in the forenoon of the day.

When a licence is not obtained, the banns must be published on three successive Sundays by the officiating clergymen of the parishes where the persons reside The banns are generally read after the second lesson in the morning service. Any person knowing of an impediment to such marriages is bound to disclose it. The declaration may be made privately to the clergyman in the vestry. The marriage must be solemnised in one of the parishes where the banns were published, and the clergyman officiating at the ceremony must be furnished with a certificate of the publication of the banns in the other parish.

Nearly all dissenting places of worship are licensed for the celebration of marriages; but it is necessary that the registrar of the district should be present. Marriage, without any religious ceremony, at the registrar's office is legal, and comparatively inexpensive, the fees being small and fixed but the great majority of persons consider marriage a religious as well as a civil contract.

The number of bridesmaids chosen to attend the bride to the altar depends on the style of the wedding. If it is intended to be a very gay and brilliant affair, any number from four to six or eight bridesmaids would be appropriate. If only a quiet wedding, two bridesmaids are sufficient In the latter case it is considered complimentary to invite an unmarried sister of both bride and bridegroom to discharge the office. The principal bridesmaid is generally either a sister or a very intimate young friend of the bride. If many bridesmaids are to constitute the bridal cortege, and there be young children on either side of the family, their presence is sometimes considered an ornamental and appropriate addition to the group. In village weddings,

Hoare Family 11

amongst the upper classes, little children are often chosen to scatter flowers along the path of the bride as she leaves the church.

It is usual for the bridegroom to present each bridesmaid with some token of the joint regard of himself and bride, in memory of the happy event. Lockets, rings, and bracelets are the most popular emblems of the kind. Of late years, crystal lockets, set with a few plain stones, as turquoise, &c., have been in favour as bridesmaids gifts. All should be alike, and no difference of cost entailed. The bridegroom gives a bouquet to each bridesmaid, even if he does not present any gift beyond. Bridesmaids' bouquets are composed of coloured flowers of the season. The bride's bouquet, which is also the gift of the bridegroom, should be composed exclusively of pure white flowers.

Beyond the gifts described, the bridegroom has no expenses whatever to incur in connection with the wedding. The bridesmaids' dresses are purchased at their own cost.

The selection of the bridesmaids' dresses rests with the bride. Her taste is generally guided in the matter by the pecuniary circumstances of the parents of the bridesmaids since upon the latter the expense necessarily falls. Silks are not considered appropriate for bridesmaids wear, unless the wearers be past the bloom of youth. Grenadine is a favourite material, but its expensiveness causes it to be little worn except by the wealthy classes. Plain white muslin or tarlatan is the most appropriate, least costly and generally becoming dresses worn by bridesmaids. Endless varieties of trimmings may be called into use, to vary the costume according to the fashion of the day and season of the year.

Veils are now so generally worn that very few words need be said in their favour. The rule to be observed is whether the bride wears a bonnet or veil, because the bridesmaids invariably follow her example. Veils are both inexpensive and becoming to a young girl hence their general acceptance by bridesmaids. The veil worn by the bride should cover her face; those worn by the bridesmaids should be fastened at the back of the head and only fall over the back and shoulders. A coloured wreath of flowers, or bows composed of ribbon to match the trimmings of the dress, completes the head dress of the bridesmaids. Bridesmaids' veils may be composed of plain tulle, unhemmed, or very soft silk gauze The bride's veil, if composed of either of the above materials should be finished with a hem about one inch and a half wide, edged or not with blonde or lace, as may be chosen lace,

Hoare Family 12

however, is generally in favour for brides' wear and the veil thus chosen forms a useful addition to her ward robe as a shawl afterwards.

The material of the bride's dress is liable to vary with change of fashion, but white is the usual shade. Elderly people and widows generally wear silver-grey, but young people should wear white. From the plain muslin to the richest moiré the range of choice may extend. Low bodices are not in much favour for a bride's dress the more becoming fashion of high-necked and long sleeved costume is daily gaining ground. In strictly private weddings greater latitude of choice exists.

If people have carriages of their own, the question of conveyance to church is easily settled. If they are not so situated, the bride's family finds the carriage for the bridesmaids and bride, and the bridegroom finds his own.The carriage which conveys the bridegroom to church is used to convey the bride with himself home to breakfast. Grey horses are generally chosen for bridal occasions. Liverymen usually charge extra for wedding-parties and it is sometimes found more advantageous to hire the required conveyance for the day instead of for the ceremony only.

In going to church, the bride, with her parents and one bridesmaid, should go in the same carriage, the other bridesmaids having preceded her by some few minutes. The bridegroom goes to the church attended by his best man, and should be in the vestry some little time before the arrival of the bride. When all the party has assembled, and the officiating clergyman has taken his place at the altar, the wedding-party instantly approach the altar, the bride on her father's arm, or on that of his representative, and the bridesmaids, with the rest of the party, following. Immediately on the clergy man leaving the vestry, the bridegroom, attended by his best man, should follow to the altar, in order to be there somewhat before the bride. The bride takes her place at the altar to the left of the bridegroom, with her mirtt bridesmaid within reach at her back, and to her she con. signs her left-hand glove and bouquet during the ceremony. The bridegroom removes the glove of his right hand. Some clergymen require the bride to raise her veil during the ceremony at the altar, and it is better not to dispute the point.

On leaving the altar the bride takes the left arm of the bridegroom, and proceeds to the vestry. The signing of the register takes place in the vestry, and is usually witnessed by the bridesmaids and others desirous of signing.

Hoare Family 13

The amount of fees paid to the officiating clergyman clerk, and others is decided rather by the social status of the principal persons than by legal rights. Some people pay the exact fees, and nothing beyond, others give more. The legal fees vary according to the diocese, and should be ascertained beforehand. A copy of the register should always be taken by the bride, for which the usual fee given is half-a-crown extra. All fees and charges are paid by the bridegroom's best man, from money supplied by the bridegroom for the purpose.

In returning from church the bride and bridegroom go unaccompanied in the bridegroom's carriage. They are the first to leave the church. The rest of the party follows in the best order possible, under the confusion which generally ensues in leaving church after a grand wedding.

Wedding favours are found by the bride's family, and are distributed in the vestry immediately after the ceremony. The coachmen and servants are supplied with favours outside the church during the progress of the service.

The final duty of the first bridesmaid consists in sending cards to friends of the wedded couple. The cards should be previously enclosed in envelopes and addressed. Elaborate cards, attached with silver cord and similar bridal associations, are out of fashion. Either a card is sent, bearing the name of both bride and bridegroom on one card; or two cards, with the address of the joint residence on the card of the bride only. Of late years the custom of sending cards has been generally discontinued, and when such is the case, the advertisement inserted in the public journals announcing the marriage conveys the notice of "No cards." The reason is, that certain people may not take offence at not receiving cards. As a general rule, all persons invited to the wedding-breakfast, when no cards are sent, call at the residence of the bride and bridegroom immediately on their return home from the wedding-tour. If a wedding is designed to be of a quiet nature, without breakfast, the parents of the young couple sometimes send invitations to the church only. The latter is a French fashion that is coming into vogue in England, and is found sufficient notification of good feeling towards old friends and acquaintances. All persons receiving such an invitation are expected to call on the young couple on their return home. Such calls are of course returned, in the order observed in visiting, generally.

Formal "At homes" after marriage are now almost dispensed with. The most simple and generally observed plan is for the bride, or her representative, to inscribe in her own handwriting, on the card, "At home after -----," filling in

Hoare Family 14

the blank with the date. The ceremony of calling is then observed just as any other morning call might take place.

A succession of entertainments generally follows upon the marriage of a young couple. At all these the bride takes precedence over ladies of superior age and station to herself. Thus, the bride would be escorted to the dinner-table by the host, and the next most distinguished lady present would be assigned to the bridegroom's care

When the round of visiting, entertainments, &c., is at an end, it becomes the turn of the young couple to receive their friends at home.

Hoare Family 15

1850 Around 1850, Rebecca Heath3 (William1, Eliza2) was born to Daniel and Eliza Heath2 in Portsea, Hampshire.12

1851 Census

• William Hoar1 (51 Years) is listed a widower living with his daughter Elizabeth Heath2 at 5 Mt. Pleasant in Portsea, Hampshire employed as a hairdresser. The head of the household is listed as Daniel Heath (28 Years) who is employed as a smith at the dockyard. Living with Daniel is his wife Elizabeth Heath2 (20 Years), son Daniel Heath3 (4 Years) and daughters Eliza Heath3 (2 Years) and Rebecca Heath3 (1 Year). Also living with Daniel is William1’s younger daughter and Eliza’s sister, Sarah Hoar2 (17 Years). All are listed as being born in Portsea, Hampshire except William1 who is listed as being born in Havant.

(William1)

• James William Hoar2 (26 Years) is listed as living at 17 Hunter Street in the parish of St. George Bloomsbury in the borough of Finsbury in London employed as a hairdresser and perfumer. Living with James2 was his wife Mary Hoar (25 Years). James2 is listed as having been born in Portsmouth, Hampshire and Mary in Barnstaple in Devon.

Living with James2 and Mary was James’ brother William Hoar2 (19 Years) who was born in Portsmouth in Hampshire and was working as a Hairdresser.

Around 1852, Mary Ann Heath3 (William1, Eliza2) was born to Daniel and Eliza Heath2 in Portsea, Hampshire.13

It appears the Rebecca Heath3 died between 1851 and 1859 since the Rebecca that was born in 1850 is not on the 1861 census and they have a new daughter named Rebecca who was born in 1859.

Also, Mary Colwill Hoar died in between 1851 and 1861 as shown by the 1861 census which lists James W. Hoar2 as a widower.

Around 1859, Rebecca Heath3 (William1, Eliza2) was born to Daniel and Eliza Heath2 in Portsea, Hampshire.14

1860 1861 Census

• William Hoar1 (61 Years) is listed as widower living at 7 Commercial Rd., Portsea in Hampshire working as a hairdresser. William1 is listed as having been born in Hampshire. Living with William1 is a visitor John Sherriton (25 Years), a Royal Navy Mariner born in Ireland.

(William1)

12 1861 English Census 13 1861 English Census 14 1861 English Census

Hoare Family 16

• Daniel Heath (37 Years) is also listed as living at 7 Commercial Rd., Portsea, Hampshire working as a blacksmith. Also living with Daniel is his wife Eliza Heath2 (30 Years), son Daniel Heath3 (13 Years) and daughters Eliza Heath3 (11 Years), Mary Ann Heath3 (9 Years) and Rebecca Heath3 (2 Years). Eliza2 is listed as being employed as a “blacksmith wife” and Daniel3 as an errand boy. All are listed as having been born in Portsea, Hampshire (Hants).

• James William Hoar2 (30 Years) is listed as a lodger and a widower at 66 Seymour Street in St. Pancras in Middlesex. He is working as a Hairdresser.

The head of the household was John Smith (57 Years) who was a widower and a Hairdresser and Perfumer. It seems possible that James W. Hoar2 and John Smith knew each other professionally possibly even working in the same shop. John Smith probably offered James2 a home after the death of James’2 wife.

• William Hoar2 (28 Years) is listed as being the Leading Stoker on the HMS Curacoa which was listed as being on the “Maldonado South East Coast of America” which appears to be off the coast of Brazil on the night of Sunday, April 7th, 1861. William2 was listed as having been married and having been born in Landsport, Hampshire (Hants). There is not any specific evidence to prove that that this William is the brother of James William Hoar2 but William does list Landport as his birthplace and that is the address listed in 1841 by William Hoar1 and family.

On 15 October 1862, James William Hoare2 and Elizabeth Nicholls were married in the Old Parish Church, St. Pancras in London. James2 was employed as a journeyman hairdresser. 15

Here is where the mystery of the “e” begins. It appears that James2 has added the “e” onto Hoar with his second marriage. Maybe he thought that “Hoare” was more sophisticated than “Hoar”. Or maybe Elizabeth filed the marriage certificate and misspelled it or maybe the clerk misspelled it. Whatever the reason, it appears that James2 decide to keep using the “Hoare” form of the name because it appears on all documents related to James2 and his descendants from this date forward.

15 Family Search International Genealogical Index: Printout Call Number: 6900164

Hoare Family 17

Ludgate Hill and Circus from Fleet Street, London. The dome of St Paul's Cathedral is visible in the distance. The street is bustling with horse drawn carriages and buses. The left hand side is lined with shop awnings. http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/piclib/images/mid/0330000808_5mb.jpg

Hoare Family 18

On October 17, 1863, Frederick James William Hoare3 (James William2, William1) was born to James William2 and Elizabeth Hoare in the All Souls Sub-district of the Marylebone Registration District in the County of Middlesex. James W.2 and Elizabeth were listed as living at 146 Great Portland St.16

In 1862, the Kelley Trade Directory lists 146 Great Portland St. as the address of a watchmaker located between Upper Marylebone. It seems that James2 and Elizabeth lived above the shop.

Daniel Heath died sometime between 1861 and 1871 since Eliza Heath2 is listed as widow and living with her daughter, Mary A. Curtis on the 1871 census. There is a record for a Daniel Heath who died in the Isle of Wight in 1871 at the age of about 47. This is probably the correct Daniel but it cannot be verified without obtaining the death certificate and checking for his wife’s name on the document assuming that she would have been the one who registered the death.

In 1868, Frank E. Hoare3 (James William2, William1) was born to James William2 and Elizabeth Hoare in Alton in Hampshire (Hants).17

1870 In 1869, Mary Ann Heath3 (19 Years) married Henry Curtis (30 Years) on Portsea Island in Hampshire.18

Around 1870, Sarah E. Curtis4 (Mary Ann3, Eliza2, William1) was born to Henry and Mary Ann Curtis3 in Portsmouth, Hampshire.19

16 Frederick James William Hoare Birth Certificate 17 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 18 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 19 1871 English Census

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THE BARBER (homo emollientissiumus - TRUEFIT)

Physical Structure and peculiarities - The most singular peculiarity of the barber is, that although in his avocations, he always is what is termed a "strapper," yet his stature is usually short. His tongue, however, makes up for this deficiency, being remarkably long - a beautiful provision of nature; for while he is seldom called upon to use his legs with rapidity, his lingual organ is always obliged to be on the "run." His eyes are keen, and his wits sharp; his mouth is tinged with humour, and his hair - particularly when threatening to be gray - with poudre unique. Manner, prepossessing; crop, close; fingers, dirty; toes, turned out. He seldom indulges in whiskers, for his business is to shave.

1. Habits, reproduction and food. A singular uniformity of habits is observable amongst barbers. They all live in shops curiously adorned with play-bills and pomatum pots, and use the same formulary of conversation to every new customer. All are politicians on both sides of every subject; and if there happen to be three sides to a question, they take a triangular view of it.

2. Reproduction - Some men are born barbers, others have barberism thrust upon them. The first class are brought forth in but small numbers, for shavers seldom pair. The second take to the razor from disappointment in trade or in love. This is evident from the habits of the animal when alone, at which period, if observed, a deep, mysterious melo-dramatic gloom will be seen to overspread his countenance. He is essentially a social being; company is as necessary to his existence as beards.

3. Food - Upon this subject the most minute researches of the most prying naturalists have not been able to procure a crumb of information. That the barber does eat can only be inferred; it cannot be proved, for no person was ever known to catch him in the act; if he does masticate, he munches in silence and in secret* (*Not so of drinking. Only last week, we saw, with our own eyes, a pot of ale in a barber's shop; and very good ale it was, too, for we tasted it).

Geographical distribution of barbers - Although the majority of barbers live near the pole, they are pretty diffusely disseminated over the entire face of the globe. The advance of civilisation has, however, much lessened their numbers; for we find, wherever valets are kept, barbers are not; and as the magnet turns towards the north, they are attracted to the east. In St. James's, the shaver's "occupation's gone;" but throughout the whole of Wapping, the distance is very short.

Punch, July-Dec 1841 http://www.victorianlondon.org

Hoare Family 20

1871 Census (William1)

• James W. Hoare2 (46 Years) is listed as living at 34 Lisson Grove in the Christ Church Sub district in the Marylebone District in the County of London employed as a hairdresser. Living with James2 is his wife Elizabeth Hoare (40 Years) and his two sons Frederick Hoare3 (7 Years) and Frank Hoare3 (2 Year).

James2 and Frank E. are both listed as having been born in Hampshire, and Elizabeth and Frederick3 in London.

• Eliza Heath2 (42 Years) is listed as a widow living at 42 York Street in Portsea, Hampshire employed as a lodging house keeper. Living with Eliza2 is her married daughter Mary A. Curtis3 (20 Years), listed as a boarder, her unmarried daughter Rebecca Heath3 (12 Years) and her granddaughter Sarah E. Curtis4 (9 Months), who is also listed as a boarder. Also living with Eliza as visitors are William James (8 Years), Susanah Smith (20 Years), Susanah’s husband Francis Smith (19 Years), a bricklayer labourer and her daughter Mary A. Smith (1 Year).

All are listed as having been born in Portsmouth, Hampshire (Hants) except for Susanah Smith who was born in Southhampton, Hampshire (Hants).

It appears that Henry Curtis may have been a career mariner since his wife is listed as boarding with her mother on the 1871 and 1881 census. This is supported by an entry on the 1901 census on which Henry was listed as a navy pensioner.

In 1874, Daniel Henry Curtis4 (Mary Ann3, Eliza2, William1) was born to Henry and Mary Ann Curtis3 in Portsea, Hampshire.20

In 1877, Charlotte Rebecca Curtis4 (Mary Ann3, Eliza2, William1) was born to Henry and Mary Ann Curtis3 in Portsea, Hampshire.21

1880 1881 Census

(William1)

• Eliza Heath2 is listed as a widow living at 57 Hestford Street, Portsea in Hampshire listed as an annuitant. An annuitant is a person receiving an annual income not from working; e.g. a pensioner. Living with Eliza2 is her married daughter Mary A. Curtis3 (29 Years) who is employed as a laundress, granddaughters Susannah Curtis4 (10 Years) and Charlotte Curtis4 (4 Years) and grandson Daniel Curtis4 (6 Years). Also living with Eliza2 is a visitor Walter Smith (7 Years).

All are listed as having been born in Portsmouth, Hampshire (Hants) except Walter who was born in Hull, York.

It is interesting that Eliza had visitors named Smith on both the 1871 and 1881 census. There may be a family connection to the Smith family but it is not

20 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 21 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Hoare Family 21

apparent just what that connection might be. There are not any relationships indicated between Eliza and her Smith visitors on either census.

• James W. Hoare2 (56 Years) is listed as living on 5 S. Martins Place employed as a hairdresser who employed one assistant. Living with James2 is his wife Elizabeth Hoare (50 years) and his two sons Frederick J. Hoare3 (17 years) and Frank E. Hoare3 (12 Years). Frederick3 is listed as being employed as a book sorter.

James2 is listed as having been born in Portsmouth, Hampshire (Hants), Elizabeth in London City in Middlesex, Frederick3 in Marylebone in Middlesex and Frank E.3 in Southsea, Hampshire (Hants).

The 1882 Kelly Trade Directory shows James Hoare2 as a hairdresser at 5 St. Martin’s Court, Ludgate h1 EC.

The 1882 Kelly Street Directory shows Sherwood & Vernez, cheese mongers and James

17 January 1881: Sir William Armstrong's home becomes the first to use electric light The mansion created at Cragside in Rothbury (Northumberland) by the Scottish architect Richard Norman Shaw was designed to incorporate every modern convenience. Built for the engineering magnate Sir William Armstrong, it was called 'the palace of a modern magician'. Swan's new electric lamps were powered by water from a local stream through a dynamo-electric generator.

Hoare Family 22

Hoare2, hairdresser as both occupying 5 St. Martin’s Court.

In 1885, Henry Charles Curtis4 (Mary Ann3, Eliza2, William1) was born to Henry and Mary Ann Curtis3 in Portsea, Hampshire.22

In 1889, Daisy Elizabeth Curtis4 (Mary Ann3, Eliza2, William1) was born to Henry and Mary Ann Curtis3 in Portsea, Hampshire.23

1890 1891 Census

(William1)

• Eliza Heath2 (64 Years) is listed as a widow living with her daughter’s family at 93 Church St. , Portsea, Portsmouth, Hampshire living by her own means. The head of household is her son-in-law Henry Curtis (50 Years) employed as a barber of hair. Living with Henry is his wife Mary A. Curtis3 (39 Years), daughters Charlotte R. Curtis3 (14 Years) and Daisy E. Curtis3 (2 Years) and his son Henry C. Curtis3 (5 Years). Also living with Henry is Eliza2’s daughter Susan E. Daniels3 (20 Years) and her granddaughter Dorothy Daniels4 (8 Months).

Mary A. Curtis3 was employed as a Stay Maker, Dress (Corset Maker). All are listed as having been born in Portsmouth, Hampshire (Hants) except for Henry Curtis, who was born in Downton, Wiltshire.

Unfortunately, Susan E. Daniels and Dorothy Daniels do not appear on the 1901 census. The Daniel’s are move out of the Curtis household before 1901 since they do not appear with the Curtis family on the 1901 census. There is a chance that they had emigrated out of the country.

Surprisingly, there has not been any indication that James William Hoare2, Elizabeth Hoare, Frederick James William Hoare3 or Frank E. Hoare3 appear in the 1890 census. The 1895 marriage certificate does show that Frederick J. W. Hoare3 was living in the London area in 1895. Frederick3 and his family do show up in the 1901 census as expected but there is still no record for James W. 2, Susannah or Frank E. Hoare3. This may indicate that there was a tragedy that claimed the lives of James W. 2, Susannah and Frank E. Hoare3 between 1871 and 1881 although this would not explain the fact that Frederick J. W. Hoare3 does not show up. In addition, there has not been any evidence found of the deaths of these three at a similar time. It is unclear why all three would be missing from two consecutive censuses.

In 1893, Margaret Gertrude Curtis4 (Mary Ann3, Eliza2, William1) was born to Henry and Mary Ann Curtis3 on Portsea Island in Hampshire.24

22 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 23 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 24 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Hoare Family 23

Boyson Road in 2000

All Saints Church

Frederick James William Hoare3 (31 years) married Susannah Crosier (28 years) on 1895 at the All Saints Church, All Saints Hutchins Parish in the county of London. They are both listed as living at 26 New Cross Road at the time of the marriage. Frederick3 is now listed as a hairdresser and still a bachelor. Susannah is listed as unemployed and a spinster. The ceremony was witnessed by Eugene Robert Swash, Ada Rosetta McRill (Susannah’s stepsister) and Frank Edway.25

On June 19th, 1896, Frederick James Hoare4 (Frederick James William3, James William2, William1) was born to Frederick3 and Susannah Hoare. They still lived at 26 New Cross Road in the Deptford Central Sub-district of the Greenwich District in the County of London. 26

In 1896, Rosina Violet Curtis4 (Mary Ann3, Eliza2, William1) was born to Henry and Mary Ann Curtis3 in Portsea, Hampshire.27

1900 On 1 January 1900, David William Hoare4 (Frederick James William3, James William2, William1) was born to Frederick3 and Susannah Hoare. They now resided at 23 Boyson Road in the St. Peter Walworth Sub-district of the St. Savior Southwark District in the County of London. Frederick3 is listed as a Hairdresser’s Assistant.28

1901 Census

(James William2, William1)

• Frederick J. W. Hoare3 (36 Years) is listed as living at 5 Senegal Road in the Deptford Sub-District of the Greenwich District in the County of London employed as a hairdresser. Living with Frederick is his wife Susan Hoare (30 Years)

25 Marriage Certificate: Application Number G007251 26 Birth Certificate: Fredrick James Hoare: Application Number B006056. 27 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 28 Birth Certificate: David William Hoare: Application Number Y004263/B.

Hoare Family 24

and his two sons Frederick J. Hoare4 (4 Years) and David W. Hoare4 (1 Year). All are listed as having been born in London.

(Eliza2, William1)

• Henry Curtis (60 Years) is listed as living at 93 Church St. in Portsmouth, Hampshire (Hants) employed as a barber working at home and as a pensioner of the navy. Also living with Henry was his wife Mary Ann Curtis3 (48 Years), daughters Daisy Curtis4 (12 Years), Margaret G. Curtis4 (7 Years) and Rosina V. Curtis4 (4 Years).

Henry is listed as having been born in Downton, Wiltshire, Mary Ann3 in Southsea, and all of the children in Landport, Hampshire.

On 15 May 1901, Susannah died (35 years) of “Parturition Dementia 14 Days”, which was certified by W. H. Ogden29. Parturition is defined “Labor or the process of childbirth”30 but is unclear whether she was in labor for 14 days and what the implication of the “Dementia” term is.

On March 28, 1904, Frederick James William Hoare3 (40 Years) married Stella Rachel Kellord (30 Years) at the Registration Office in the Shoreditch District in the County of London. Stella was listed as a Spinster and living with Frederick3 at 39 Buttesland Street. She is shown as the daughter of John Kellord, a deceased tailor. The ceremony was witnessed by Hubert Goddard and A. J. Taylor.31

Between March 28, 1904 and 2 December 1904, Frederick3 and Stella Hoare moved to 190 Forest Road, Walthamstow in the West Ham District in the County of Essex. .32

On 2 December 1904, Clara Elizabeth Hoare4 (Frederick James William3, James William2, William1) was born to Frederick3 and Stella Hoare. Frederick3 is listed as a Hairdresser master.33

In 1909, May Eva Hoare4 (Frederick James William3, James William2, William1) was born to Frederick3 and Stella Hoare. 34

29 Death Certificate: Susannah Hoare: Application Number: G007251 30 http://www.tngenweb.org/darkside/medical-terms.html 31 Marriage Certificate: Application Number B006056 32 Birth Certificate: Clara Elizabeth Hoare: Application Number Y006393. 33Birth Certificate: Clara Elizabeth Hoare: Application Number Y006393. 34 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Hoare Family 25

Was David William Hoare4 a Cockney? Well, based on the information provided below, he was not. He was born in Camberwell, which is located about 1 Mile south of the region shown in the map below.

Now, his father, Frederick James William Hoare3, born in St. Pancras was a Cockney. Also, his mother, Susannah Crosier, was also a Cockney, being born in Somerstown, east of Reagents Park.

Now, if both of your parents are Cockneys, does that make you a Cockney? I do not know, but I kind of doubt it.

Cockney Origins Source: The East End, then and now; Winston G Ramsey

Everyone has heard of St Mary-le-Bow, whose bells answered "That I do not know" to the insistent and rather embarrassing inquiry of "When will that be?" from the bells of Stepney. Tradition declares it was the bells of St Mary-le-Bow, Bow Bells, which decided Whitington to return to his master, as he was about to leave London in despair. Their chimes seemed to say, "Turn again Whitington, Lord Mayor of London".

The word cockney was originally applied to a small or misshapen egg sometimes calles a cock's egg. According to the Oxford English Dictionary the first use of the word in its accepted meaning was in 1521, by a writer names Whitinton. In the Blind Beggar of Bethnell Green circa 1600, John Day said "I think you be sib to one of the London cockneys that ask wheter Haycocks were better meat broyl'd or rosted." Around the same time Samuel Rowlands wrote " I scorne to let a Bow-bell cocnkey put me downe."

Hoare Family 26

John Minsheu in 1617 in his work Ductor in Linguas gives his derivation as follows: 'A cockney or cockny, applied only to one born within the sound of Bow bell, that is in the City of London, a tearme coming first out of this tale. That a citizen's sonne riding with his father in the country, asked when he heard a horse neigh what the horse did; his father answered "neigh." Riding further he heard a cock crow, and said: "Does the cock neigh too?"'

The church was rebuilt by Wren, 1670-83, after the fire and the steeple is generally regarded as the most beautiful piece of work he ever accomplished. It is a triumph of the skill of Wren's mason, Thomas Cartwright, that the steeple withstood a fire inside the steeple and the crashing down of the bells during the Second World War. Only very recently have the bells been reinstalled leaving nearly two generations when no Cockneys could be created. Mind you there are those who feel that as long as you could have heard the bells if they were present then it doesn't matter if they weren't there at the time they were born.

Another tradition has it that to be born within the sound of the Bow Bells makes you a Cockney. There has been much discussion on various genealogical newsgroups concerning whether an ancestor was a Cockney. The first major problem occurs in determining in which church the bells are housed. Many think, wrongly, that the church is St Mary's in Bow which is just over three miles further to the east than the true home of the Bow Bells, St Mary-le-Bow in Cheapside. The next problem is just how far away from the church can the bells be heard. If the legend of Dick Whitington is to be believed then the bells could be heard on Highgate Hill fully six miles distant from the source. In 1991, Dr Malcolm Hough carried out research taking into account such things as weather, wind and landscape to map where the Bow Bells could be heard. The map shown below illustrates the limits when the background sound levels are taken into consideration. Dr Hough estimated that before motorized traffic the sound levels would be in the region of 50 decibels during the day, reducing to 30 decibels at night. The equivalent reading today would be 60 reducing to 45 thus greatly reducing the Cockney area.

Hoare Family 27

190 Forest Road in 1997

Hoare Family 28

Frederick James William Hoare

Hoare Family 29

Was David William Hoare the first baby born in the 20th Century? To help answer this question, I sent the following letter to The Royal Archives at Windsor Castle:

The Royal Archives Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire SL4 1NJ. May 20, 2004

To whom it may concern,

Subject: Genealogical Inquiry

I would like to inquire about any information that may be contained within the archive, which may confirm or dispute a family story that has circulated for many years.

The story concerns my grandfather, David William Hoare, who was born at 23 Boyson Road near Camberwell on January 1, 1900.

The story claims that my grandfathers parents, Frederick and Susannah Hoare was presented a token, supposedly a gold sovereign, on behalf of the Queen to mark the fact that my grandfather was the first child born in the new century.

I have verified by birth certificate that my grandfather was in fact born on January 1, 1900 but that is the only information I have in support of this story.

Any help you may be able to provide would be gratefully appreciated. Respectfully,

Frank Joa

Hoare Family 30

I received the following in reply:

Hoare Family 31

1910 Around 1915, David William Hoare4 left home after he left school at about 15 years of age apparently because he was dissatisfied with his home life. Mrs. Doris Brooker Blundell, his sister-in law, remembers the events surrounding David4 after he left home.

“His whereabouts was unknown until he returned home at some point and told how he had been lucky enough to find a family in another part of London – a Mr. And Mrs. Watts who had housed and fed him, and had treated him as their own son. David4 was very tall, and when at last he decided to join a shipping firm and “see the world”, the Watts family helped him with the exercises that eventually made him the acceptable height to become a wireless operator. When he next visited his folks in Walthamstow, he was a dashing figure in a white uniform with gold braid etc. and my sister Lillian lost her heart to him, in doing so lost her friendship with Clara4 and the entire Hoare family.35

35 Letter from Doris Brooker Blundell to James F. Joa, 1997.

US Naturalization certificate for David William Hoare4 in 1928.

Hoare Family 32

David William Hoare4 in America It is unknown at this time where and when David William Hoare4 became a seaman presumably in England. But he is shown as entering the United States from Quebec Canada in June 1923 going to stay with a friend, John Halstead, who lived at 638 Dale Avenue in Chicago, Illinois for 4 months. David is listed as being employed as a 22 year old, single seaman whose nearest living relative was a barber named Frederick James who lived at 190 Forest Road in London. He is listed as 5’8” tall, light brown hair and grey eyes and is listed as never having visited the United States before this trip.36

It is not currently known what ship he served on or where he went after his visit was over. His story gets picked up in 1925 in the United States where he was serving as a junior radioman on the sailing ship SS Monterey out of New York City for the Matson Line

The SS Monterey was a 4 mast iron ship, ex-Cypromene that was 1903 damaged in a storm at Salina Cruz, Mexico. It was purchased in 1904 by Matson and then 1905 sold to National Oil Transport as barge. In 1919 Refitted as 5 mast barquentine, 1934 scrapped at Los Angeles.37

A barquentine is a sailing ship with three or more masts, and with a square rigged foremast and only fore-and-aft rigged sails on the main, mizzen and any other masts.38

36 Manifest of Alien Passengers Applying for Admission to the US from Foreign Contiguous Territory 37 http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/matson.htm 38 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barquentine

The 5 masted barquentine Forest Dream sails for Sydney with a deck cargo of lumber. She was

built in 1919 as a steamer but was converted to a sailing ship before completion. http://members.optusnet.com.au/robertcarter/forestdream.html

Hoare Family 33

Listed below are the documented trips that David W. Hoare4 worked as a junior radio operator in the year 1925 compiled from the Port of New York entry documents. Arrived in NY Departed from NY Foreign Port Thursday, April 02, 1925 Havana & Mexico Monday, April 27, 1925 Havana Saturday, May 09, 1925 Havana & Mexico Tuesday, June 02, 1925 Havana & Mexico Saturday, June 06, 1925 Havana & Mexico Tuesday, June 30, 1925 Tampico, Vera Cruz, Progreso, Havana Friday, July 03, 1925 Havana & Mexico Monday, July 27, 1925 Tampico, Vera Cruz, Progreso, Havana Thursday, July 30, 1925 Havana & Mexico Monday, September 21, 1925 Havana & Mexico

In 1928, David W. Hoare (28 Years) became a naturalized citizen of the United States. He is listed as unmarried and living at 891 Columbus Ave in New York City. This is located at W 104th St & Columbus Ave. just west of Central Park. This area is now the location of the Frederick Douglass Public Housing.

This picturesque pocket of Victorian rowhouses on Manhattan

Avenue between 104th and 106th Streets has a calm air that seems to remove it from normal city life.

This is located about 1 block from 891 Columbus Avenue. It is unclear whether it was similar to these but it the chances are

reasonable.

Hoare Family 34

US Immigration

On June 27, 1906, Congress passed an act (34 Stat. 596) that expanded the existing Immigration Bureau to the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization and put it in charge of "all matters concerning the naturalization of aliens." Although the new Bureau was part of the Department of Labor and Commerce initially, and part of the Department of Labor from 1913 to 1940, most of its operations were directed by the Department of Justice, and, in 1940, the Bureau was made part of the Justice Department. Under the act of 1906, every petition for naturalization became a case for examination by Bureau officials.

This act also established the basic procedure for naturalization during the period 1906-52. The procedure began with the filing of a declaration of intention, which recorded the applicant's oath to the clerk of the court that it was his or her bona fide intention to become a citizen of the United States, to reside permanently therein, and to renounce all allegiances to other nations. Within a period of 2 to 7 years after filing the declaration, the applicant could petition the court for citizenship, presenting at this time the affidavits of two witnesses with personal knowledge of the applicant, stating that the applicant had resided in the United States for at least 5 years and possessed a good moral character. The petition then became the subject of an investigation and hearing before a judge. Officials of the Bureau conducted preliminary examinations and submitted findings and recommendations to the court. The hearing before a judge was the last step in the procedure, provided the judge found the findings and recommendation of naturalization officials favorable and satisfactory. If so, the applicant would take an oath of allegiance to the U.S. Constitution and laws and renounce all foreign allegiances, and the judge would issue an order of admission to citizenship and grant the applicant a certificate of citizenship. However, a judge could also order a continuance of the investigation or deny the petition, listing the reasons for the denial. A major change in this procedure occurred in 1952, when the filing of the declaration of intention was eliminated.

On May 9, 1918, Congress passed an act (40 Stat. 542) stating that any alien who had been a member of the Armed Forces for 3 or more years could file a petition for naturalization without proof of the 5-year residency requirement, and that any applicant who had been in the service during World War I was exempt from the requirement to file a declaration of intention. This act consolidated the previous statutes of July 17, 1862 (12 Stat. 597), which allowed waiver of the filing of a declaration if the applicant had a favorable discharge from the Army, and of July 24, 1894 (28 Stat. 124), which extended this provision to applicants discharged from the Navy or the Marines.

On September 22, 1922, Congress enacted a law (42 Stat. 1021) that changed the naturalization procedure for married women. Before that date, women who were married to a U.S. citizen or naturalized citizen automatically became U.S. citizens by reason of the marriage. The new law required that any woman married after the date of enactment who desired to become a citizen must meet the requirements of the naturalization laws. No declaration of intention was needed, however, and the period of required residence was reduced from 5 years to 1 year.

Two other government acts influenced the course of naturalization proceedings in the United States. The Immigration Act of 1924 (43 Stat. 153) enacted a policy of quota restrictions on immigration. It provided for an annual quota of immigrants allowed entry into the United States and limited those persons eligible for naturalization to a number based on the ratio of the number of citizens of the same nationality already residing within the United States to the total U.S. population in 1920. The result of this law was that emigrants from the United Kingdom, Germany, and Ireland made up more than two-thirds of those eligible under the annual maximum quota. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (66 Stat. 163), more commonly known as the McCarran Act, revised the 1924 act by basing the annual quota on a flat one-sixteenth of 1 percent of the population as recorded in the 1920 census. More important, it removed race as a barrier to immigration and naturalization by assigning a quota of not fewer than 100 persons to countries whose citizens were previously ineligible for naturalization. 39

39 http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/natinfo.htm

Hoare Family 35

Immanuel Streatham: Parish Church in which David William Hoare and Lillian Annie Brooker were

married in 1929.

David W. Hoare Back to England

On May 5th, 1929, David William Hoare4 (29 Years) and Lillian Annie Brooker (24 Years) were married at the parish church of Immanuel Streatham in the county of London. They were both previously unmarried and were listed as residing at 496 High Road in Streatham. William Brooker (Lillian’s Father, a storekeeper) and W.G. Preel (?) were the witnesses to the ceremony.40 Mrs. Blundell recalls the event.

“It was from their house (Mr. and Mrs. Watts) that Lillian and Dave4 were married in 1929 with just our family and the Watts in attendance. None of the

40 Marriage Certificate: Application Number: Y004263/B.

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Hoares were present, and three months later my Dad and I moved away from Walthamstow and we lost all touch with the Hoares.41

On October 21, 1929, Lillian Hoare arrived at NY Harbor from London on the ship SS American Merchant travelling on Immigration Visa number W.Q. 251 issued on May 22, 1929 in London. She is listed as a married housewife, 24 Years, 7 Months old with a permanent residence in London. Her father is listed as William Brooker living in London E17 (Walthamstow), had never been to the US before and was going to live with her husband David W. Hoare at 891 Columbus Avenue, NY, NY.42

She is listed as having been discharged to her husband. It is unclear whether David was on the ship with her or whether she traveled alone. As a US citizen, David’s entry was not recorded.

1930 In 1934, Frederick James William Hoare3, Stella Rachel Hoare4, Frederick James Hoare4, Clara Elizabeth Hoare4 and May Eva Hoare4 are all listed as registered voters at 190 Forest Road.43

There are no further records known for Frederick J. W. Hoare or his family after 1934. In 1938, 190 Forest Road was occupied by another business. This could have been due to the death of Frederick who would have been 72 years old in 1935.

41 Letter from Doris Brooker Blundell to James F. Joa, 1997. 42 Manifest of Alien Passengers SS American Merchant October 11, 1929 43 Walthamstow Forest Archives: Voter Registration Records.

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496 High Street

Was originally The Beehive Coffee Tavern, but is now a solicitor’s (lawyer’s) office.

How did the war effect Frederick’s family? His son Frederick James would have been 43 years old when Germany invaded Poland in 1939 which at a time of war may not have been too old. If the family moved just before the war, did they get caught up in the London Blitz later in the war?

Unfortunately, it will be 2041 before any census information will be available that may shed light on this mystery.

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Wedding Photo David and Lillian Hoare

1929

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Timetable document for ship line American Merchant Line on which Lillian Annie Hoare traveled from England on the SS American Merchant arriving in New York on October 11th, 1929.

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David William and Lillian Annie Hoare in America

1930 1930 United States Census

• David W. Hoare4 (30 Years) is listed as living at 19042 Grainger St., Fort Worth, Texas employed as an operator at a radio station. Living with David4 is his wife Lillian A. Hoare (25 Years) and a boarder Thomas A. Murphy (28 Years) who is also employed as an operator at a radio station. David4 and Lillian are listed as having been born in England and Thomas in New York.

There was a Thomas J. Murphy that served as a radio operator with David Hoare4 on the SS. Monterey. Considering that “A” and “J” sound so similar and the chances that David4 would know two radio operators named Thomas Murphy is so slight, it is most likely the same Thomas Murphy.

David William Hoare at War In the summer of 1940, David W. Hoare4 went back to sea joining the ship SS Colorado on 25 July 1940 as a radio operator. Although the United States will not enter the war for another 16 months, Great Britain had declared war on Germany on March 9, 1939 and Germany first bombs Britain on July 10, 1940. Whether this was the motivation for his decision is uncertain.

Tankers Built in U.S. During World War II

The T1 types were named after major oil fields in the United States. The T2 types were named after monuments, national parks, forts, battles, historic settlements, trails, lakes, swamps. Later T3 type were built for private companies and named by the company. Many tankers were built for or taken over by the U.S. Navy and named after Native American names of rivers and lakes. The Navy AO designation indicates Fleet Oilers.

Tankers were developed around the turn of the century to carry liquid cargo: gasoline, oil, or molasses. During World War II, American tankers made 6,500 voyages to carry 65 million tons of oil and gasoline from the U.S. and the Caribbean to the war zones and to our Allies. They supplied 80% of the fuel used by bombers, tanks, jeeps and ships during the War. 44

David4 served exclusively on oil tankers during his service during the war. Most of the tankers were owned by the Standard Oil Company (Esso) except for his first ship, SS Colorado, and his last ship, Stanvac Melborne which was owned by the Standard-Vacuum Oil Company. The ownership of SS Colorado is unknown at the present.

44 http://www.usmm.org/tankers.html#anchor411984

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Following the break-up of Standard Oil in 1911 the Standard Oil Company of New York or Socony was founded, along with 33 other successor companies. In 1920 the company registered the name "Mobil oil" as a trademark.

In 1931, Socony merged with Vacuum Oil to form Socony-Vacuum. In 1955, Socony-Vacuum was renamed Socony Mobil Oil Company, then Mobil Oil Corporation in 1966 and finally Mobil Corporation in 1976.45

David4 started his service with “coastwise” service on the SS Colorado for 6 voyages and the C.A. Canfield (Esso) for 1 voyage. Coastwise trade is defined as merchandise transported entirely or partly by water between U.S. points--either directly or via a foreign point--must travel in U.S.-built, U.S.-citizen owned vessels that are U.S.-documented by the Coast Guard for such carriage.46

In November 1940, David4 joined the crew of the SS Esso Bolivar as a radio operator which made a standard run between New York Harbor and Aruba.47

45 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Oil_of_New_York 46 http://www.marad.dot.gov/publications/primer_laws.html 47 SS Esso Port of New York Entry Forms

SS "C. A. Canfield" made nearly a quarter million sea miles in 940 days and is a veteran in two world wars.

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Aruba is a 32 km long island of the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean Sea, 27 km north of the Paraguaná Peninsula, Falcón State, Venezuela, and it forms a part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Unlike much of the Caribbean region, it has a dry climate and an arid, cactus-strewn landscape. This climate has helped tourism as visitors to the island can reliably expect warm, sunny weather. It has a land area of 193 km².48

David4 was discharged from the Esso Bolivar on April 6th 1941 after making 7 journeys between New York Harbor and Aruba.

On May 14, 1941 David4 joined the crew of the SS Dean Emery (Esso) in Baltimore,

48 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba

SS Esso Bulivar

SS "Dean Emery"

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Maryland as a radio operator. There was only one voyage record of his service on the Emery as of yet discovered but his service record shows that he served on the ship until August 27, 1941. In June, 1941 he made the return voyage from Tenerife to Caripito, Venezuela and then departing for New York Harbor on Jun 23, 1941 arriving on July 1, 1941. David4 is not shown as being discharged before the ship left for Aruba on July 2, 1941.49

Tenerife, a Spanish island, is the largest of the seven Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa. The island's population is 838,877 making it the most populated in the archipelago.50

On August 28, 1941 David4 joined the crew of the MS Leda in New York Harbor which departed for Capetown, South Africa on the 31st of August. The ship returned from Capetown to Aruba and then departing on 31 December for New York Harbor arriving on January 9, 1942.51

The implication of this voyage was that David4 was probably in the middle of the South Atlantic when Pearl Harbor was attacked and the United States officially entered World War II. It can only be assumed that the crew was aware of this fact and David4 being the Radio Operator would have been the person who as the radio operator would have informed the captain.

49 SS Dean Emory Port of New York Entry Documents 50 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenerife 51 MS Leda Port Of New York Entry Documents

Panama Transport Company MS "Leda" which was sunk northwest of Trinidad.

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The MS Leda lay in port until February 26, 1942 when it left for Aruba with David4 once again on board. The Leda departed from Aruba on March 26 and arrived in New York Harbor on April 3, 1942 at which time David4 was listed as being discharged from the

Leda before it shipped out on April 11, 1942.52 On April 6, 1942 David4 joined the Esso Providence serving as a radioman for a coastwise trip down the coast from New York Harbor to Newport News, Virginia.53 On May 20, 1942 David4 joined the crew of the MS Vistula (Esso) traveling from New Orleans to Texas. It can be assumed that he worked as a radioman but there is no record to support that assumption.54 Before July 3, 1942 David4 joined the crew of the SS Stanvac Melbourne in Charleston, South Carolina where the ship had been under repairs after being torpedoed on April 12, 1942.

At 06.26 hours on 12 Apr, 1942, U-203 (Mützelburg) fired a spread of three torpedoes at the Stanvac Melbourne (Master Andrew T. Logan) and another steamer overlapping with the tanker (however, no other ship is mentioned in the Allied report) about 15 miles from Frying Shoal Inside Buoy in 33°53N/77°29W. The tanker was en route in ballast from New York to Aruba. One torpedo apparently detonated when it hit the bottom beneath the stern of the tanker, which stopped to be examined for damage and then continued seven minutes later

52 MS Leda Port Of New York Entry Documents 53 Esso Providence Port of New York Entry Documents 54 David W. Hoare Service Record

During her war service as an Esso Tanker MS "Vistula" had many harrowing experiences but seemed to bear a charmed life. She came through and was acquired by the navy on February 14, 1945 and became USS "Belusan".

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without zigzagging. At 07.06 hours, the U-boat fired another torpedo in grid DC 1177 that struck on the port side at the #7 tank and opened a 30ft to 30ft hole and several small holes on the starboard side, causing a list to port. The 40 crew members and eight armed guards abandoned ship in four lifeboats except the master, an oiler and an armed guard. One boat got troubles on launching and was finally released with only one man in it, while three men abandoned ship on rafts. One crewman went missing after abandoning ship. The chief mate later reported that he saw two U-boats and one of them surfaced under their lifeboat and capsized it. The boat was later rightened but two men perished and were buried at sea. The remaining survivors in the boat were picked up 13 hours after the attack by the American submarine chaser USS PC-472, transferred to the US Coast Guard vessel CG-186 and landed at Southport, North Carolina on 14 April. The 14 survivors in a second lifeboat were picked up by the motor merchant William Penn and landed at Morehead City, North Carolina. The three men on the tanker dropped the port anchor and hoped that the boats were able to return to the ship, but they stayed there all night. In the afternoon of 12 April, two tugs and the HMS Northern Duke (4.11) came to assist the tanker and took her in tow to Southport, arriving the next day. On 14 April, the tow proceeded for temporary repairs to Wilmington, North Carolina. On 16 April, the crew returned to their ship, which returned to service on 2 July after permanent repairs at Charleston, South Carolina.

On July 3, 1942 the SS Stanvac Melbourne left Charleston, South Carolina bound for Beaumont, Texas.

It is unknown whether David4 continuously served on the Melbourne until the 12th of September, 1942 but it is known that the Melbourne was on the return of a lengthy trip to Pernambuco, Brazil with stops planned at Trinadad and Aruba when it was torpedoed for the second time in 6 months.55

Pernambuco (pron. IPA: [pɛx.nɐ̃.'bu.ku] [1]) is a state of Brazil, located in the Brazilian Northeast. To the north are the states of Paraíba and Ceará, to the west is Piauí, to the south are Alagoas and Bahia, and to the east is the Atlantic Ocean.56

The torpedoing of the Stanvac Melborne is chronicled in a book published by the Mobil Corporation detailing the tankers of World War II which remarkably contains a quote from David Hoare4 himself.

Captain Andrew Logan was still in command when the reconstructed STANVAC MELBOURNE again met the enemy. This time the encounter was so violent that only one course of action was open to him.

As they did once before when their ship was torpedoed, but not sunk, the Master and several crew members of the STANVAC MELBOURNE gathered together to tell in their own words what happened to them in the Caribbean Sea during the early morning hours of September 12, 1942.

55 SS Stanvac Port of Charleston Entry Documents 56 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pernambuco

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Andrew T. Lagan. Master:

On September 8th, STANVAC MELBOURNE sailed in ballast from Para, Brazil. Traveling alone, the ship preceded on its voyage toward Trinidad, where she was to join a convoy for Aruba, with no untoward events until September 12th, in about Latitude 10-30 North, Longitude 60-20 West.

William W. Wilds. Chief Officer:

I came on watch at four in the morning. It was very dark with no moon shining and the sky partially overcast. The sea was smooth with hardly any wind. We were about fifteen miles southeast of Emerald Shoals, just outside of Trinidad, where we expected to be shortly after daybreak.

The Second Officer and I were standing in the starboard wing of the bridge when, at about five minutes after four, the vessel was struck by Iwo torpedoes almost simultaneously.

They hit on the port side, one forward and the other aft of the bridge and the ship immediately took a decided list to port.

David Hoare. Radio Operator:

I was awakened by the violent explosions of the two torpedoes and the heavy vibration of the ship. I went at once to the radio room and sent out a distress signal with the ship’s position. This signal was sent out twice, but I did not receive acknowledgements from any shore or ship stations.

Stanley V. Wegleski. Jr. 3rd Ass’t Engineer:

I felt the shock of the first torpedo, followed almost at once by the second. They shook the vessel violently. Almost losing my balance and falling, I staggered over to the throttle and stood by awaiting orders from the bridge, at the same time feeling the ship going into a port list and leaning over a good many degrees.

Sinking of the Stanvac Melbourne September 12, 1942

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Then, realizing that the ship was in a bad way, and getting no answer from the bridge, I stopped the engine and went up on deck. There I saw the conning tower of a submarine coming around the starboard quarter, five hundred yards off. It went around the stern to the port side.

Some time later, a third torpedo hit the port side aft and exploded into the engine room.

Captain Logan:

By this time most of the crew, by my orders, had successfully abandoned ship, with the exception of one seaman, Radio Operator Hoare, 2nd Officer Edgerton, and myself. When the third torpedo struck, I knew it was hopeless to stay aboard the ship any longer and so told these men to get off. The 2nd Officer jumped directly overboard, while Radioman Hoare and I went down the boat ladder and into the water. We were picked up by No. 1 lifeboat in the charge of Chief Officer Wilds.

Chief Officer Wilds, Lifeboat No. 1:

After we had picked Captain Lagan and three others out of the water, the submarine approached the lifeboat and ordered us alongside.

The U-boat Commander said: “Is the Captain in this boat?”

“Yes, “I answered.

“Is he all right?”

“Yes, he is.”

“Are there any wounded?”

“Not in this boat.”

He asked the name of our ship, where we were from and where bound, and our home port. I gave him the required information.

“That is all,” he said. “We have no more time. Good luck.”

Jr. 3rd Ass’t Wegleski. Lifeboat No. 4:

The submarine then proceeded to a point on the horizon where, in clear view, there was another tanker, a Dutchman. We watched the U-boat attack this ship. The Dutchman began firing at us, mistaking our boats for the submarine. The shells fell veiy close, but did not hit us. In the meantime, she was struck by three torpedoes, just as we had been. We saw her crew take to the boats. We saw the ship settle deep into the water.

Chief Officer Wilds:

We remained in the vicinity of the STANVAC MELBOURNE, watching her go down. At about twenty minutes after five, in the growing light of dawn, she turned over completely, bottom up, and sank by the stern until she was in an almost vertical position with her bow and part of the foredeck still above the surface. Then, with a plunge, she disappeared into the sea.

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Captain Lagan:

After daylight, I made a muster of the crew and found that Able Seaman Sidor Gallindo was missing. We looked for him where the STANVAC MELBOURNE had gone down, but did not find him. We then set out, three lifeboats together, for the island of Trinidad. There was no breeze for the sails. We rowed.

Chief Officer Wilds:

About ten P.M. that night, we landed near Toco Point where we were met by colored natives who took us to a house, where we remained until U.S. Army personnel came with trucks and drove us to the Survivor’s Camp at Port of Spain, Trinidad. We remained there until September 16th, when we boarded a U.S. Army transport for repatriation to the United States. We made an uneventful voyage to New Orleans and arrived in New York by rail on October 8th.

The STANVAC MELBOURNE was the last Socony-Vacuum ship (owned by the Standard Vacuum Oil Company, but operated by 5-V’s.Marine Transportation Department) lost to the U-boats in Operation Paukenschlag. Shortly thereafter, the Nazis were driven out of the Caribbean, the scene of their last stand against the ever-increasing vigilance and might of the U.S. Navy. They returned then to the convoy lanes of the North Atlantic, and the nightmare of coastwise shipping was over.

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An account of the sinking was also included in an article sent by Jan Corey which was written by her father Richard Taylor who was 2nd Asst Engineer on the Melbourne at the time of its sinking.

"Once Upon a War" by Richard Taylor.

"In 1940, to work around American neurality regulations, I became a marine engineer in the Panamaian Merchant Marine when the S/S Stanvac Melbourne was registered under the flag of Panama. The Melobourne was torpedoed while empty and steaming south, by a German U booat off Cape hatteras on April 13, 1942 at midnight. I was second assistant engineer on watch at the time down in the engine room. The seas were mountain high, the wind whipping white froth off the tops of the waves when we took to the lifeboats. It was col and two of the crew died in the lifeboats from exposure. The ship did not sink and was towed into the Charleston Navy Yard, repaired and we lft at the end of summer to load aviation gasoline in Houston. Ascension Island is a fly spcek in the middle of the South Atlantic. On this remote rock pile the military had carved out an airstrip to refule ferry-hopping bombers from Brazil to North Africa. We were one of the tankers designated to deliver fuel to this base. On the way back to Texas for another load, we were torpedoed again off trinidad. this time the ship went down with part of our crew. We rowed 35 miles under a tropical sun with no water or food and landed on the surf swept shores if /trinidadlate that night. On the beach we had a welcome party.. we were captured by american Trooops and charged with winvading Trinidad without permission. Amonth of sleeping in tents on mud flat and another month getting back to New Orleans; all the time we were being treated like prisoners of war, having no identification and unable to prove who we were.. It did give time for basic conclusions and evaluations. I had an immediate future with another tanker and the prospects of steaming at 14 knots without excort, loaded with 200,000 barrel of aviation fuel. I determined for me, was should not be a matter of running like a scared chicken while a German U boat stalked us with radar and the ability to run circles around us in the open sea, so I chickened out an put in for active duty: destroyers”

Jan Corey added

“My Dad said that they finally hitched a ride to New Orleans or maybe New York, and was finally able to get a note to Mobil Oil, they were not allowed off the ship,. Mobil though that there were no more surviviors. Whan Mobil Oil got the message they sent down the limosines to the docks to retrieve the men and took them to hotels and treated them as royally.

On September 21, 1942 the survivors traveled from Trinidad to New Orleans, Louisiana on the SS Algonquis arriving in New Orleans on October 5, 1942. The ships log shows that David4 did not have any documents and was going to need a waiver.57

After reaching New Orleans, the crew continued onto New York City by train. This seems to be the end of David William Hoare’s4 active participation in the war. 57 SS Algonquis Port of New Orleans Entry Documents

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The event is also chronicled from the viewpoint of the Uboat.

At 10.00 hours on 12 Sep, 1942, the unescorted Stanvac Melbourne (Master Andrew T. Lagan) was hit on the port side by two torpedoes from U-515 about 15 miles southeast of Emerald Shoals off Trinidad. The first torpedo struck just forward of the bridge and the second just aft of the bridge and developed a 25° list to port and kept headway until the engines were stopped. The 40 crew members and nine armed guards abandoned ship in three lifeboats, except the master, the second mate, the radio operator and a seaman. At 10.20 hours, a first coup de grâce missed, but a second hit four minutes later the engine room in the stern and blew holes in both sides of the vessel. The remaining men now abandoned ship by jumping overboard and were picked up by the boats. About one hour later, the tanker turned over and sank by the stern with her bow straight up. One crew member was lost. At daybreak, the three lifeboats headed for Trinidad and that night made landfall near Toco Point, where they were met by natives and later taken to Port of Spain. On 16 September, the survivors were repatriated aboard a US Army transport. The master Andrew T. Lagan survived both U-boat attacks on the Stanvac Melbourne, but died when his next ship, the Brilliant was torpedoed by U-43 (Schwantke) on 18 Nov, 1942.58

U-515

Laid down 8 May, 1941 Deutsche Werft AG, Hamburg

Commissioned 21 Feb, 1942 Oblt. Werner Henke (Oak Leaves)

Commanders 21 Feb, 1942 - 9 Apr, 1944 Kptlt. Werner Henke (Knights Cross)

Career 7 patrols 21 Feb, 1942 - 31 Aug, 1942 4. Flottille (training) 1 Sep, 1942 - 9 Apr, 1944 10. Flottille (front boat)

Successes 21 ships sunk for a total of 131.769 GRT 2 auxiliary warships sunk for a total of 19.277 GRT 1 ship damaged for a total of 6.034 GRT 1 warship damaged for a total of 1.920 tons 1 ship a total loss for a total of 4.668 GRT 1 warship a total loss for a total of 1.350 tons

Fate Sunk at 1510hrs on 9 April, 1944 in the mid-Atlantic north of Madeira, Portugal, in position 34.35N, 19.18W, by rockets from 4 Avenger and Wildcat aircraft (VC-58) of the US escort carrier USS Guadalcanal and depth charges from the US destroyer escorts USS Pope, USS Pillsbury, USS Chatelain and USS Flaherty. 16 dead and 44 survivors.

58 http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/2153.html

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Captain of U-515: Werner Henke

Korvettenkapitän (Crew 33)

Successes 21 ships sunk for a total of 131.769 GRT 2 auxiliary warships sunk for a total of 19.277 GRT 1 ship damaged for a total of 6.034 GRT 1 warship damaged for a total of 1.920 tons 1 ship a total loss for a total of 4.668 GRT 1 warship a total loss for a total of 1.350 tons

Born 13 May, 1909 Rudak, Thorn Died 15 Jun, 1944 Fort Hunt, USA

U-Boot Archiv

Kapitänleutnant Werner Henke

Ranks

1 Jul, 1934 Fähnrich zur See 8 Apr, 1936 Oberfähnrich zur See 1 Oct, 1936 Leutnant zur See 18 May, 1938 Oberleutnant zur See 31 Dec, 1941 Kapitänleutnant 18 Mar, 1945 Korvettenkapitän (posthumous)

Decorations

6 Jun, 1939 Iron Cross 2nd Class 6 Jun, 1939 Spanish Cross 4 May, 1941 U-boat War Badge 4 Oct, 1941 Iron Cross 1st Class 17 Dec, 1942 Knights Cross 4 Jul, 1943 Knights Cross with Oak Leaves

U-boat Commands

U-515 21 Feb, 1942 -

9 Apr, 1944 7 patrols (334 days)

Werner Henke had his first naval experience on board the warships Admiral Scheer and Schleswig-Holstein. His first U-boat was U-124 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Wilhelm Schulz. The last of his four patrols with the "Edelweissboot" he completed under the later famous Kapitänleutnant 'Jochen' Mohr . In February 1942 Henke took command of his own boat, U-515. He put in an outstanding performance during his third patrol on the night of 30 April to 1 May, 1943, when he attacked convoy TS 37 90 miles south of Freetown, sinking 8 ships in 8 hours for a total of 49,456 tons. After this patrol Henke was awarded the Oak Leaves to the Knights Cross.

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Werner Henke (left) on board U-515, writing in the war diary (KTB)

Henke was captured when U-515 was sunk at 1510hrs on 9 April, 1944 in the mid-Atlantic north of Madeira at 34.35N, 19.18W by bombs from the US escort carrier USS Guadalcanal and depth charges from the destroyer escorts USS Pope, Pillsbury, Chatelain and Flaherty. 16 of the crew were killed and about 40 survived.

Henke was shot and killed while attempting to escape from the interrogation center at Ft. Hunt, Virginia on 15 June, 1944. It is reported that he simply walked towards the fence in broad daylight and slowly began to climbing it. When he continued to climb after the guards shouted for him to stop, he was fatally shot. It is thought that he chose this form of suicide because he believed he faced extradition and a "showcase" trial as a war criminal. Henke is buried in the Soldiers Cemetery at Ft. George G. Meade, Maryland.

The gravestone of Werner Henke in

Fort George G. Meade

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United States Merchant Marines in World War II

During the Second World War, the merchant service sailed and took orders from naval officers. Some were uniformed, and some were trained to use a gun. However, they were formally considered volunteers and not members of the military. Walter Winchell, radio commentator, and Westbrook Pegler both described the National Maritime Union and the merchant seamen generally as draft dodgers, criminals, riffraff, Communists, and other derogatory names.

It came to a head in the middle of the war with the writing of a column in the New York World-Telegram by Westbrook Pegler, who alleged that merchant seamen refused to work on Sundays per union rules, causing sick USMC servicemen to unload their own supplies in an incident off Guadalcanal. He went on to say that these seamen received "fabulous pay for sailors, including overtime bonuses, whereas the navy men draw only the modest pay for their ratings without extras." This was a specific allegation, and in February, 1943, the National Maritime Union, representing seven other unions, filed suit for libel against Hearst Newspapers, publisher of the newspaper, and the Associated Press for its wide dissemination of what was claimed to be an untrue story. As part of their suit, they pointed out that Government allotments for families, low-rate premiums on insurance, hospitalization, dental care, pension, and civil service rating consideration tend to balance the pay of ordinary seamen in civilian service. But they denied the incident ever took place, and were backed by a report of Admiral William F. Halsey, commander of United States forces in the South Pacific, to the Navy Department in which Halsey praised the "co-operation, efficiency and courage" of the merchant seamen and asserted that "In no instance have merchant marine seamen refused to discharge cargo from their vessels or in any other way failed to co-operate with the United States forces ashore in that (South Pacific) area." They won their suit, but the residual effect would last for decades.

What was ignored, say the Seafarers' International Union, was the fact that seamen are paid by the ship owner for their work, consequently they were paid only while the ships were in the water. A seaman torpedoed off his ship was off the payroll the minute he was injured, landed in a lifeboat or hit the water. Surviving seamen had to beg, borrow, plead or work their way back to the United States from places such as Murmansk, Russia, so they could be reassigned to another ship. Until that happened, they weren't paid. And in addition they would be drafted if they didn't find another ship within 30 days.

Their wartime record reveals that their losses were among the highest of any group in the front lines. They died at a rate of 1 in 24. All told, 8,651 of the 215,000 who served perished on troubled waters and off enemy shores.

The biggest supporter of the merchant men was President Franklin D. Roosevelt. It was he who in 1936 urged Congress to pass the Merchant Marine Act, which established a 10-year program for building ships that would be used for commerce during peace time and would be converted for use by the Navy during times of war or national emergency; and a training program for seamen that linked them to the military in wartime, specifically the Navy. It was this legislation that enabled the country to take on the axis powers a few years later, but not before extensive losses on the East coast, which was crawling with German submarines by the end of 1941. That year the Germans sank 1,232 Allied and neutral ships worldwide, including those manned by the Merchant Marine, and the following year was even worse. The Allies would lose 1,323 ships, while Germany's submarine losses totaled just 87. More than 1,000 merchant seamen would die within sight of the East Coast, and it wasn't uncommon for inhabitants of the seashore to find their bodies washed up on the sand.

Roosevelt, while the war was under way, proclaimed "Mariners have written one of its most brilliant chapters. They have delivered the goods when and where needed in every theater of operations and across every ocean in the biggest, the most difficult and dangerous job ever undertaken. As time goes on, there will be greater public understanding of our merchant's fleet record during this war."

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But it wasn't to be, for with Roosevelt's death in 1945, the Merchant Marine lost its staunchest supporter and any chance to share in the accolades afforded others who served. The War Department, the same government branch that recruited them, opposed the Seaman's Bill of Rights in 1947 (see below) and managed to kill the legislation in congressional committee, effectively ending any chance for seamen to reap the thanks of a nation. For 43 years, the U.S. government denied them benefits ranging from housing to health care until Congress awarded them veterans' status in 1988, too late for 125,000 mariners, roughly half of those who had served.

"It's one of the injustices of American history," wrote Brian Herbert, author of "The Forgotten Heroes," a book about the Merchant Marine of World War II. "These men were torpedoed by their own government after the war."

It was, finally, in 2005 that Congress had before it the H.R. 23 bill, the "Belated Thank You to the Merchant Mariners of World War II Act of 2005", still waiting to be signed into law by George W. Bush.

As a result, those mariners who served in WWII, or their survivors, will receive a benefit of $1,000 per month, and the right to be buried in a National Cemetery "which honors veterans with final resting places in national shrines and with lasting tributes that commemorate their service to our nation."

Today there are shrine and memorial reminders of mariners' heroism such as The American Merchant Marine Veterans Memorial in San Pedro, California, and the American Merchant Mariners Memorial at Battery Park in Lower Manhattan. The old Navy-Marine Memorial in Washington, D.C. honors those who died during World War I.59

59 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine

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Coastwise Duty (Remained in US Territory) Ship Date Joined ship NY Date Discharged NY

SS Colorado July 25, 1940 August 7, 1940 SS Colorado August 8, 1940 August 21, 1940 SS Colorado August 22, 1940 September 4, 1940 SS Colorado September 5, 1940 September 18, 1940 SS Colorado September 19, 1940 October 3, 1940 SS Colorado October 4, 1940 October 14, 1940 SS C.A. Canfield October 15, 1940 November 16, 1940

Ship Date Joined ship

NY Date Discharged

Newport News Va. SS Esso Providence April 6, 1942 April 9, 1942

Ship Date Joined ship

New Orleans Date Discharged

Texas MS Vistula May 20, 1942 June 9, 1942

Foreign Duty (Foreign Port Destinations)

Ship Date Departed

NY Date Departed Foreign Port Foreign Port Date Arrived NY

Joined Esso Bolivar Nov. 22, 1940 November 29, 1940 San Nicholas, Aruba December 6, 1940

Esso Bolivar December 8, 1940 December 30, 1940 Aruba January 6, 1941 Esso Bolivar January 9, 1941 January 16, 1941 Aruba January 23, 1941 Esso Bolivar February 2, 1941 February 9, 1941 Aruba February 16, 1941 Esso Bolivar Unknown February 25, 1941 Aruba March 5, 1941

Esso Bolivar Unknown March 14, 1941 San Nicholas, Aruba March 21, 1941

Esso Bolivar March 23, 1941 March 30, 1941 Aruba April 6, 1941 Discharged Joined 7/2/1941 Dean Emery July 2, 1941 Aruba August 4, 1941 Discharged

Joined 8/28/1941 Leda August 31, 1941 December 31, 1941

Capetown S. Africa, Aruba January 9, 1942

Discharged Joined 2/20/1942 Leda March 26, 1942 Aruba April 3, 1942 Discharged Joined 7/2/1942

Stavanic Melborne July 3, 1942 September 21, 1942

Torpedoed near Trinadad

Date Arrived New Orleans

Passenger Algonquis Sept. 21, 1942 October 5, 1942

Hoare Family 56

Brooker Family 57

Lillian Annie Hoare 1928

Brooker Family 58

Brooker Occup. ‘the broker,’ an agent in business transactions ;

‘And gart bakbityng be a brocour

To blame mennes ware.’

Pier Plowman, 2731-260

The family of Lillian Annie Brooker has been traced from Walthamstow, Essex to Sussex County, south of London and then back to Walthamstow. The family is documented back to 1774 with the baptism of Edward Brooker to William and Celia Brooker in Walthamstow in Essex recorded in the St. Mary parish records.

1770 On February 23, 1774, Edward Brooker2 (William1) was baptized at St. Mary’s, Walthamstow. His parents were William and Celia Brooker.61

On April 12, 1776, Edward Brooker married Elizabeth Fogg at St. Mary’s,

60 A Dictionary Of English & Welsh Surnames 61 St Mary Walthamstow parish records recorded in Vestry House card file

1903 Postcard http://www.musicland26.freeserve.co.uk/walthamstow.htm

Brooker Family 59

Walthamstow. Although no evidence has been discovered, there is a good chance that Edward and William are related.62

On July 25, 1776, Edward Brooker was buried at St. Mary’s, Walthamstow.63 There was not any information about Edward’s age or parents. This is likely the Edward born in 1774 due to the high child mortality of the period and the fact that no information has been found on him later in life.

On Mach 5, 1777, William Brooker2 (Edward1) was baptized at St. Mary’s, Walthamstow. His parents were Edward and Elizabeth Brooker.64 This entry does indicate that the above death was probably the younger Edward but the older Edward could have conceived the child and then have died. But it would be likely that if his father had died in this manner, the child would have been named Edward. This mystery deepens further with the fact that there was not any record of any more children attributed to Edward and Elizabeth.

On January 21, 1778, Mary Brooker2 (William1) was baptized at St. Mary’s, Walthamstow. Her parents were William1 and Celia Brooker.65

On October 10th, 1779, William Brooker2 (William1) was baptized at St. Mary’s, Walthamstow. His parents were William1 and Celia Brooker.66

1780 On November 11, 1781, Thomas Brooker2 (William1) was baptized at St. Mary’s, Walthamstow. His parents were William1 and Celia Brooker.67

On March 23rd, 1785, Honour Brooker2 (William1) was baptized at St. Mary’s, Walthamstow. His parents were William1 and Celia Brooker.68

On August 9th, 1786, Henry Brooker2 (William1) was baptized at St. Mary’s, Walthamstow. His parents were William1 and Celia Brooker.69

In 1789, Celia Brooker2 (William1) was baptized at St. Mary’s, Walthamstow. Her parents were William1 and Celia Brooker.70

On December 13, 1789, Honour Brooker2 (4 Years) was buried at St. Mary’s, Walthamstow. His parents were William1 and Celia Brooker.71

1800 On May 2, 1803, William Brooker2 and Sarah Surridge were married at St. Mary’s, Walthamstow. There is not any indication as to which William Brooker this is referring: William, son of William or William, son of Edward.72

62 St Mary Walthamstow parish records recorded in Vestry House card file 63 St Mary Walthamstow parish records recorded in Vestry House card file 64 St Mary Walthamstow parish records recorded in Vestry House card file 65 St Mary Walthamstow parish records recorded in Vestry House card file 66 St Mary Walthamstow parish records recorded in Vestry House card file 67 St Mary Walthamstow parish records recorded in Vestry House card file 68 St Mary Walthamstow parish records recorded in Vestry House card file 69 St Mary Walthamstow parish records recorded in Vestry House card file 70 St Mary Walthamstow parish records recorded in Vestry House card file 71 St Mary Walthamstow parish records recorded in Vestry House card file

Brooker Family 60

72 St Mary Walthamstow parish records recorded in Vestry House card file

Our engraving represents the well-known row of butchers' shops; for the Whitechapel butcher still belongs to the old school, taking a delight in his blue livery, and wearing his steel with as much satisfaction as a young ensign does his sword. He neither spurns his worsted leggings nor duck apron; but, with bare muscular arms, and a knife keen enough to sever the ham-string of an old black bull, takes his stand proudly at the front of his shop, and looks "lovingly" on the well-fed joints that dangle above his head. The gutters before his door literally run with blood: pass by whenever you may, there is the crimson current constantly flowing; and the smell the passenger inhales is not such as may be supposed to have floated over "Araby the blest." A "Whitechapel bird" and a"Whitechapel butcher "were once synonymous phrases, used to denote a character the very reverse of a gentleman; but in the manners of the latter we believe there is a very great improvement, and that more than one "knight of the cleaver," who here in the daytime manufactures sheep into mutton-shops, keeps his country-house.

The specimens of viands offered for sale in these streets augur well for the strength of the stomachs of the Whitechapel populace; no gentleman of squeamish appetite would like to run the risk of trying one of those out-of-door dinners, which ever stand ready- dressed. The sheep's trotters look as if they had scarcely had time enough to kick off the dirt before they were potted; and as for the ham, it appears bleached instead of salted; and to look at the sandwiches, you would think they were veal, or any thing except what they are called. As for the fried fish, it resembles coarse red sand-paper; and you would sooner think of purchasing a penny- worth to polish the handle of a cricket-bat or racket than of trying its qualities in any other way. The black puddings resemble great fossil ammonites, cut up lengthwise; for while you gaze on them you cannot help picturing these relics ofthe early world, and fancying that they must have been found in some sable soil abounding in broken fragments of gypsum, which would account for the fat-like substance inside. What the "faggots" are made of, which form such a popular dish in this neighbourhood, we have yet to learn. We have heard rumours of chopped lights, liver, suet, and onions being used in the manufacturing of these dusky dainties; but he must be a dating man who would convince himself by tasting: for our part, we feel confident that there is a great mystery to be unravelled before the innumerable strata which form these smoking hillocks will ever be made known.

Brooker Family 61

The specimens of viands offered for sale in these streets augur well for the strength of the stomachs of the Whitechapel populace; no gentleman of squeamish appetite would like to run the risk of trying one of those out-of-door dinners, which ever stand ready- dressed. The sheep's trotters look as if they had scarcely had time enough to kick off the dirt before they were potted; and as for the ham, it appears bleached instead of salted; and to look at the sandwiches, you would think they were veal, or any thing except what they are called. As for the fried fish, it resembles coarse red sand-paper; and you would sooner think of purchasing a penny- worth to polish the handle of a cricket-bat or racket than of trying its qualities in any other way.

The black puddings resemble great fossil ammonites, cut up lengthwise; for while you gaze on them you cannot help picturing these relics ofthe early world, and fancying that they must have been found in some sable soil abounding in broken fragments of gypsum, which would account for the fat-like substance inside. What the "faggots" are made of, which form such a popular dish in this neighbourhood, we have yet to learn. We have heard rumours of chopped lights, liver, suet, and onions being used in the manufacturing of these dusky dainties; but he must be a dating man who would convince himself by tasting: for our part, we feel confident that there is a great mystery to be unravelled before the innumerable strata which form these smoking hillocks will ever be made known

The pork-pies which you see in these windows contain no such effeminate morsels as lean meat, but have the appearance of good substantial bladders of lard shoved into a strong crust, from which there was no chance of escape, then sent to the oven· and "done brown. The ham-and-beef houses display the same love of fatness, as if neither pig nor bullock could be overfed that comes to be consumed by the "greasy citizens" of the east end of London.

As for fish! the very oysters gape at you with open mouths, as if they knew how useless it would be to keep closed in such a ravenous looking neighbourhood. They seem to cast imploring glances at the passers-by, as if begging to be taken out of the hot sun, and devoured as quickly as possible. You see great suspicious-looking whelks, sweltering in little saucers of vinegar; and you cannot help wondering what would be the result if you attempted to eat one; and while you are thus doubting, without "doating," some great broad-shouldered fellow comes up, throws down his penny, and, making but one mouthful of the lot, lifts the saucer to his lips, and drains the last drop of vinegar, then goes, for a finisher, into the nearest gin-shop. Pickled eels, cut up into Whitechapel mouthfuls, are fished up from the bottom of great brown jars, and devoured with avidity. You can never pass along without seeing brewers' drays unloading somewhere in the streets; and you cannot help thinking what hundreds a year Barclay and Perkins might save, in the wear and tear of men and horses, if they laid down pipes all the way from their brewery in the Borough to Whitechapel.

What little taste they display (if we may make use of so classical a phrase in contradistinction to their "palatal" or gastronomic propensities), is shewn in their love of pigeon-keeping; and many of the "fanciers in this district can boast of possessing both a choice and an extensive stock of these beautiful birds. From this taste arise good results, inasmuch as it leads them into the suburbs, especially on Sundays, when they either carry the pigeons with them in bags or thrust them into their coat-pockets, and so wander for three or four miles out, when they turn the birds loose, both parties thus enjoying the luxury of a little fresh air. They are excellent hands at decoying pigeons, for all the "strays" that alight in the neighbourhood are pretty sure to become "Whitechapel birds." What means they use for entrapping these feathered favourites we have not been able to ascertain, though one knowing fellow told us, with a deep-meaning wink, that "it was the fineness of the climate, and a little 'hankypanky' business." We paid a pot of beer for the information, without asking for any clearer definition of the latter phrase.

Thomas Miller, Picturesque Sketches of London Past and Present, 1852

Brooker Family 62

On 29 September 1808, Mary Brooker2 married William Mardin at St. Mary’s Walthamstow.73

1810 On 28 November 1813, Henry Brooker3 (Henry2, William1) was born to Henry2 and Elizabeth Brooker. They resided in Woodford Bridge where Henry2 was a butcher. Henry3 was baptized at the St. Mary Parish Church on December 25th, 1813.74

In 1817, Elizabeth Brooker3 (Henry2, William1) was born to Henry2 and Elizabeth Brooker. They resided in Woodford Bridge where Henry2 was a butcher. Elizabeth3 was baptized at the St. Mary Parish Church in Woodford.75

On 23 November, 1817, Edward Brooker (41 Years) was buried at St. Luke’s, Middlesex. This could be the Edward Brooker baptized in 1774 although the math does not quite hold up (1817 – 41 Years = 1776).

In 1819, Sophia Brooker3 (Henry2, William1) was born to Henry2 and Elizabeth Brooker. They resided in Woodford Bridge where Henry2 was a butcher. Sophia3 was baptized at the St. Mary Parish Church on May 30th, 1819.76

1820 In 1821, William Brooker3 (Henry2, William1) was born to Henry2 and Elizabeth Brooker. They resided in Woodford Bridge where Henry2 was a butcher. William3 was baptized at the St. Mary Parish Church on July 8th, 1821.77

On April 15, 1826, Celia Brooker (81 Years) was buried at St. Mary’s, Walthamstow.

73 St Mary Walthamstow parish records recorded in Vestry House card file 74 St Mary Woodford Parish Register 75 St Mary Woodford Parish Register 76 St Mary Woodford Parish Record 77 St Mary Woodford Parish Register

26 June 1830: George IV dies and is succeeded by his brother William IV During his youth, William had served in the Royal Navy and his bluff, unassuming manner - he was nicknamed 'the sailor king' - was in marked contrast to the extravagant, decadent lifestyle of his brother George IV. His reign was dominated by the 'Reform Crisis' - political wrangling over reform to parliamentary representation, including issues like extending the franchise (those allowed to vote) and redrawing electoral boundaries. William's personal involvement in the crisis damaged his standing.

Brooker Family 63

She is listed as a resident of Hale End.78

1830 Before 1838, Henry Brooker3 married Elizabeth Godart in the County of Essex. Elizabeth was also born around 1813 in Marylebone.79 80

Around 1838, Mary Brooker4 (Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Henry3 and Elizabeth Brooker in Essex County.

The year 1838 was the first year that the Births, Marriages and Deaths were registered in a central location for the entirety of England. Any events before that are contained locally in the parish registers which did not have a standardized format. It is fortunate if a parish record was to contain more than the date and persons involved. A parish register for a marriage would for example contain the husband’s name and the wife’s maiden name but it may not contain their ages or their parents name to establish if the entry was actually referring to your relation.

It is known that Henry Brooker was married to a woman named Elizabeth from the census and it is known that her maiden name is Godart from the birth certificate of Henry Brooker but since there is not an entry for their marriage in the central records then all that can be stated is that they were married at sometime before 1838 until the time that a parish record is located.

On 9 May 1839, Henry Brooker4 (Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born, in the Walthamstow Sub-district in the West Ham District in the county of Essex to Henry3 and Elizabeth Brooker. They resided in Woodford Bridge and Henry3 is listed as a butcher.81

1840 In 1841, William Thomas Brooker4 (Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Henry3 and Elizabeth Brooker in the West Ham District in Essex County. 82

78 St Mary Walthamstow parish records recorded in Vestry House card file 79 1881 English Census 80 1839 Birth Certificate: Henry Brooker 81 1839 Birth Certificate: Henry Brooker 82 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Brooker Family 64

The Cultivation of Small Gardens.

In the outskirts of London, and, indeed, of most towns, there are to be found numbers of small houses at a moderate rental, with a very small patch of ground at the back, from twenty to thirty yards in length, and six or seven yards wide, so small, in fact, that at first sight it might appear questionable whether it would be really worth the time, trouble, and necessary expense to keep it in a state of cultivation. We hope to be able to show that this would be a mistake. A plot of ground, however small, is far too valuable to be wasted, especially in the suburbs of towns, where garden produce of every sort and description is very expensive; and our present object is to show those of our readers who have small gardens of this kind in what manner they may cultivate them to the best advantage.

The laying-out of them should be as simple as possible - either with a path down the centre, and beds on each side to the boundary walls, or else with a path running round the garden at about two or three feet from the wall. Of these, the latter is preferable, for several reasons; it is certainly more sightly, and enables the occupier to reach every part of his little territory with facility.

Of course, if it be merely intended to use the garden as an ornament, it will be easy enough to fill the surrounding beds with flowers, the centre being laid out in grass, with a few small beds of flowers in the centre, as we have already described, but this is an expensive matter, as all the plants will have to be procured fresh year after year, there not being sufficient space to propagate fresh ones, or to keep a stock through the winter for the next summer's planting.

If it be desired to make the garden remunerative, flowers must be made a secondary consideration, and the principal part of the space should be filled with a judicious selection of vegetables. In favourable situations such a plot would grow the cabbages, lettuces, radishes, endive, onions, spinach, and the various useful herbs necessary for a small family; and if all the ground were kept continually under cultivation, or, in other words, as soon as one crop is done with it were cleared off, and another put in its place, it might be made remunerative.

In the case of smaller plots of ground, such as belong to or accompany dwellings of a minor description, which might be better understood by the name of yards, if they were only paved, it would likewise pay the tenant to grow useful pot herbs, and such crops as onions, lettuces, radishes, and so forth; and as such there is no reason why even a single foot of soil should lie idle. In a future paper we shall again revert to the subject of gardens on a somewhat larger scale, and endeavour to show how to make them pay.

Cauliflowers, rhubarb, sea-kale, and even asparagus might be grown.

A few of the most useful fruits, such as raspberries, currants, gooseberries - of course, small-sized - might be planted here and there in the garden, currants might be nailed against the wall with advantage - (these latter would prevent that look of bareness about the walls, so detrimental to the appearance of any garden) - and space might also be found here and there for a few strawberries.

In an ensuing paper we shall give a plan for the laying out of a small villa garden, and shall then proceed with some account of the tool-house - so necessary an adjunct to every garden, however small - and with a brief description of the nature and uses of the more ordinary garden tools.

Brooker Family 65

1841 Census

(William1)

• William Brooker2 (60 Years) is listed as living on Forest Lane in Chingford, Essex employed as an Agriculture Laborer. Living with William2 is his wife Sarah Brooker (60 Years). Both are listed as having been born in Essex.

• Henry Brooker2 (55 Years) is listed as living in Woodford Bridge employed as a Butcher. Living with Henry2 is his wife Elizabeth Brooker (60 Years), his son Henry Brooker3 (25 Years) also employed as a butcher, his daughter-in-law Elizabeth Brooker (25 Years), granddaughter Mary4 (3 Years), and grandsons Henry4 (2 Years) and Thomas Brooker4 (7 Months).

All are listed as having been born in Essex County except for wife Elizabeth Brooker and daughter-in-law Elizabeth Brooker. The 1841 Census does not list birthplaces but the 1851 Census lists wife Elizabeth as having been born in London, Middlesex and daughter-in-law Elizabeth as having been born Marylebone, Middlesex.

• James Sired (40 Years) is listed as living at No. 8 Park Place in St Margaret Parish in the City of Westminster in Middlesex employed by the Army. Living with James is his wife Sarah Sired (35 Years), sons Francis Sired (4 Years) and James Sired (2 Years) and his daughter Sarah Sired (1 Years). All are listed as having been born in Middlesex.

James Sired is listed here to establish the family relationship of his son James Sired who will wed Annie Brooker in 1870.

In 1842, Charlotte Brooker4 (Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born Henry3 and Elizabeth Brooker in the district of West Ham in Essex.83

Around 1845, Ann Brooker4 (Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born in Woodford, Essex County, to Henry3 and Elizabeth Brooker.84

In 1845, William Brooker4 (Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Henry3 and Elizabeth

83 1871 Census, RG 10 630, St Mary Magdalen Bermondsey, 111 page 101 84 1871 Census, RG 10 630, St Mary Magdalen Bermondsey, 111 page 101

September 1845: Irish potato famine begins In September 1845, the potato crop which had previously provided approximately 60% of the nation's food needs began to rot all over Ireland. The potato blight struck again the following year. What began as a natural catastrophe was exacerbated by the actions and inactions of the British government. It is estimated that about a million people died during the four-year famine and that between 1845 and 1855 another million emigrated, most to Britain and North America.

Brooker Family 66

Brooker in the district of West Ham in Essex.85

In 1847, Edward Brooker4 (Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Henry3 and Elizabeth Brooker in the district of West Ham in Essex.86

In 1848, John Brooker4 (Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Henry3 and Elizabeth Brooker in the district of West Ham in Essex.87

1850 In 1848, Seela Brooker4 (Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Henry3 and Elizabeth Brooker in the district of West Ham in Essex.88

Around 1850, William Brooker immigrated to Australia. Maureen Turner relates,

”He made his fortune there and his descendants now own a canning factory called Leytona, and also a boat-building yard in Adelaide. “89

1851 Census

(William1)

• Thomas Brooker2 (69 Years) is listed as having lived in Woodford Bridge, Essex working as a laborer. Listed as living with Thomas are his wife Jane A. Brooker (68 Years) and an unmarried lodger Susan Turpin (36 Years) who is listed as having something to do with a parish.

Thomas Brooker2 is listed as having been born in Walthamstow, Essex, Jane A. Brooker in Wollaston, Staffordshire and Susan in Woodford, Essex.

• Henry Brooker2 (64 Years) is listed as having lived in Woodford Bridge, Essex employed as a seller of Corn and Coal. Living with Henry2 are Elizabeth Brooker (64 Years) and a house servant Amelia Saveall (16 Years).

Henry is listed as having been born in Walthamstow, Essex, Elizabeth in London, Middlesex and Amelia in Woodford Bridge, Essex.

(Henry2, William1)

• Henry Brooker3 (37 Years) is listed as residing on Woodford St. in Woodford in Essex working as a butcher. Living with Henry is his wife Elizabeth Brooker (37 Years), daughters Mary Brooker4 (13 Years), Charlotte Brooker4 (8 Years), Ann Brooker4 (6 Years) and Seela Brooker4 (8 Months) and sons Henry Brooker4 (11 Years), Thomas Brooker4 (10 Years), William Brooker4 (5 Years), Edward Brooker4 (3 Years) and John Brooker4 (2 Years).

All are listed as having been born in Woodford Bridge, Essex except Elizabeth Brooker who was born in Marylebone, Middlesex and Emma Cooper who was born in Walthamstow Middlesex.

85 1871 Census, RG 10 630, St Mary Magdalen Bermondsey, 111 page 101 86 1871 Census, RG 10 630, St Mary Magdalen Bermondsey, 111 page 101 87 1871 Census, RG 10 630, St Mary Magdalen Bermondsey, 111 page 101 88 1871 Census, RG 10 630, St Mary Magdalen Bermondsey, 111 page 101 89 Notes on Family Tree created by Maureen Turner in 1996.

Brooker Family 67

• James Sired is listed as living at 32 Ware St. in the St. Marylebone Parish in Middlesex employed as a cook. Living with James is his wife Sarah Sired (44 Years), sons James Sired (12 Years) and William Sired (9 Years) and daughters Sarah Sired (10 Years), Elizabeth Sired (7 Years), Mary Ann Sired (5 Years) and Eliza Sired (4 Years). James’ wife Sarah is listed as being employed as a laundress and his son James as an errand boy for a butcher.

James, William and Mary Ann are all listed as having been born in Windsor, Berkshire. His wife Sarah is listed as having been born in Charlbury, Oxfordshire, his son James in Knightsbridge, Middlesex and his daughters Sarah, Elizabeth and Eliza in MLB, Middlesex. MLB might stand for Metropolitan London Borough but there is no evidence to support that definition.

An 1851 Trades directory for Essex list Edward Brooker as a butcher in Woodford Bridge and Henry Brooker2 as a corn and coal dealer in Woodford Bridge. This may indicate that the Edward that was buried in 1817 in Middlesex was not Edward Brooker2 (William1). Unfortunately, there is not an adult Edward Brooker as of yet identified on the 1851 Census.

Between 1850 and 1852, Henry3 and Elizabeth moved from Woodford, Essex and eventually settled in Bermondsey, Surrey by 1859. Due to the birth places of their children, it appears that they spent several years traveling across Middlesex, possibly moving from job to job.

In 1851, George Brooker4 (Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Henry3 and Elizabeth Brooker in Hackney in Middlesex.90

In 1855, Jane Brooker4 (Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born in Bethnel Green, Middlesex, England to Henry3 and Elizabeth Brooker.91

In 1859, Alice Brooker4 (Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Henry3 and Elizabeth Brooker in Bermondsey, Surrey, England.92

1860 1861 Census

(Henry2, William1)

• Henry Brooker3 (47 Years) is listed as living at 4 Turners Place, Bermondsey in Southwark, London working as a Tripe Seller. Living with Henry is his wife Elizabeth Brooker (47 Years), daughters Seela Brooker4 (10 Years), Jane Brooker4 (5 Years) and Alice Brooker4 (2 Years) and sons Edward Brooker4 (13 Years), John Brooker4 (12 Years) and George Brooker4 (9 Years).

Henry 3, Edward4, John4 and Seela4 are listed as having been born in Woodford Bridge, Essex. Elizabeth is listed as having been born in Marylebone, Middlesex. George4 was born in Middlesex and Jane4 was born in Bethnal Green in Middlesex. Alice4 was born in Bermondsey, Southwark in Surrey.

90 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 91FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 92 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Brooker Family 68

Tripe is technically defined as the lining of a cow’s stomach but in Victorian England it refers to most anything that the butcher does not use. As disgusting as that may sound, tripe was an essential part of the diet for London’s lower classes.

(Henry3, Henry2, William1)

• Mary Brooker4 (23 Years) and Ann Brooker4 (17 Years) are listed as living at Park Hill in Chapham, Surrey employed as house servants for the family of Cooper Tress (40 Years), a heat manufacturer. Living with Cooper was his wife Augusta Tress (28 Years), daughters Florence Tress (4 years) and Agnes Tress (2 Years) and his son Frederick Tress (3 months). Also employed as a house servant was Ann Pintis (32 Years).

Mary4 and Ann4 Brooker were listed as having been born in Woodford in Essex, Cooper Tress in London in Middlesex, Augusta Tress in Learnington in Warwickshire, Ann Pintis in Gloucestershire and the Tress children in Clapham in surrey.

TRADES IN LONDON. The last population returns (1841) exhibit the following tradespeople, &c., residing in London

168,701 domestic servants. 29,780 dressmakers and milliners. 28,574 boot and shoemakers. 21,517 tailors and breechesmakers. 20,417 commercial clerks. 18,321 carpenters and joiners. 16,220 laundrykeepers, washers, and manglers. 13,103 private messengers and errand boys. 11,507 painters, plumbers, and glaziers. 9,110 bakers. 7,973 cabinetmakers and upholsterers. 7,151 silk manufacturers, (all branches). 7,002 seamen. 6,741 bricklayers. 6,716 blacksmiths. 6,618 printers. 6,450 butchers. 5,499 booksellers, bookbinders, and publishers. 4,980 grocers and teadealers. 4,861 tavernkeepers, publicans, and victuallers. 4,290 clock and watchmakers.

Peter Cunningham, Hand-Book of London, 1850

Brooker Family 69

• Thomas Brooker4 (20 Years) is listed as living at 8 Cable St in the precinct of Well Close in the Tower Hamlets in London employed as a pork butcher’s man (servant) for John Retzbach (54 Years), a pork butcher man. Also living with John is his wife Susan Retzbach (49 Years), his son John Retzbach (22 Years) who is employed as a pork butcher’s son. Also serving as butcher’s men are William Krund (22 Years) and Joseph Jeawies (17 Years) and serving as a house servant Mary Mahony (23 Years).

Thomas Brooker4 is listed as having been born in Woodford in Essex, John Retzbach in Baden in Germany, Susan in Denston in Suffolk, William in Wurtemberg in Germany, son John and Joseph in Whitechapel in Middlesex and Mary in Ireland.

• Charlotte Brooker4 (18 Years) is listed as living 72 Bermondsey Street in Bermondsey in Surrey employed as a house servant for the family of William J. Messer (57 Years), a butcher. Also living with William was his wife Mary Messer (41 Years), a married visitor Maria Crosby (102 Years), William Vernon (42 Years) employed as a butcher’s man and Joseph Hadland (17 Years) employed as a butcher’s boy.

Charlotte Brooker4 is listed as having been born in Woodford in Essex, and William J. Messer in Wanstead in Essex, Jane Messer, Maria Crosby and Joseph Hadland in Bermondsey in Surrey.

• William Brooker4 (15 years) is listed as living at 142 St. Johns Road working as a servant for William Swan (25 Years), a butcher. Living with William Swan is his wife Jane Swan (24 Years), his son William Thomas Swan (2 Years) and his daughter Jane Swan (1 Year). Also living with William was a servant Rosetta Howgale (20 Years).

William Brooker4 is listed as having been born in Woodford, Essex, William Swan, Jane Swan and William T. Swan in Bermondsey, Surrey, daughter Jane Swan in Hoxton, Middlesex and Rosetta Howgale in Leecester.

• Henry Brooker4 (23 Years) is listed as living at 39 Kensington Palace Gardens in St. Mary Abbott, Kensington employed as a groom for Ann Ullathorne (55 Years), a widow, the head of the household. She is listed as being funded to land.

Living with Ann Ullathorne is her sister, Hellen Allanson (50 Years), who is listed as being single and also funded to land. Also living with Ann Ullathorne is Jessie Lewis (27 Years) who is employed as a cook and Ellen Mansell (28 Years) who is employed as a housekeeper.

Henry4 is listed as having been born in Essex.

In 1863, Thomas Brooker married Mary Ann Berry in East Grindstead, Surrey. The connection with Thomas Brooker, son of Henry, has not been established but the chances are very good that this is the correct record which can be confirmed by obtaining the marriage certificate.93

93 1863 Marriage Register J-A-S, East Grinstead, Surrey Volume 2b Page 172

Brooker Family 70

On January 26, 1865, Henry Brooker4 (26 Years) married Eleanor Howes (27 years) in St. Mary’s Church in Walthamstow in the County of Essex. Henry4 is listed as a bachelor, living in Walthamstow, working as a butcher. Eleanor (daughter of Peter Howes, a coachman) is unmarried and also living in Walthamstow. The ceremony was witnessed by Peter Howes and Eliza Howes.94

It would seem that Henry4 working as a groom and Peter Howes working as a coachman is a connection between the two families. It is entirely possible that either, Henry4 and Peter knew each other previously and Peter helped get the job as a groom or that Henry’s4 job as a groom placed Henry4 in a position to meet Peter and subsequently his daughter Eleanor.

Before September 29, 1871, Henry4 and Eleanor left Walthamstow for the south side of London in Streatham in the County of Surrey. Henry4 was no longer a butcher but had become a gardener (Domestic Servant).95

It is likely that Henry4 moved to Surrey because his parents had been living in Surrey for about 12 years. It may be that the butcher business was not an option for Henry4 since his father changed from being a butcher to a tripe salesman upon moving to Surrey and his brother William4 was a butcher making it possible that he could have worked as a butcher if the opportunities presented themselves.

In about 1866, Henry Brooker5 (Henry4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Henry4 and Eleanor Brooker in the town of Camberwell in the County of Surrey.96

Around 1869, Eleanor Brooker5 (Henry4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Henry4 and Eleanor Brooker in the town of Camberwell in the County of Surrey.97

Around 1869, Florence Brooker5 (Thomas4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Thomas4 and Mary A. Brooker in Croydon, Surrey.

1870 In 1870, James Sired (31 Years) married Annie Brooker4 in the Pancras Registration District, Middlesex.98

1871 Census

( Henry2, William1)

• Henry Brooker3 (58 Years) is listed as living at 4 The Grange in the parish of St Mary Magdalene in Bermondsey, Southwark, Surrey. Living with his wife

Elizabeth Brooker (58 Years) and both Henry3 and Elizabeth are listed as Tripe Dressers.

Living with Henry3 and Elizabeth Brooker are William Brooker4 (26Years), who is listed as a Butcher, John Brooker4 (22 Years), who is listed as a Tanner presumably working in The Grange Tannery and Alice Brooker4 (12 Years).

94 1865 Marriage Certificate: Henry Brooker, Eleanor Howes. 95 1871 Birth Certificate: William Brooker. 96 1880 Census, RG 11 740, Charlton, Greenwich, 76 page 13. 97 1880 Census, RG 11 740, Charlton, Greenwich, 76 page 13 98 Marriage Register St. Pancras 1870 OND, Volume 1b, page 83

Brooker Family 71

Henry3, William4 and John4 are listed as having been born in Woodford in Essex, Elizabeth in Hatton-Garden in Middlesex and Alice4 in Bermondsey, Surrey.

Bermondsey's industries were centered on two activities: leather working and food processing. A plentiful supply of water aided the former, along with much cheap labour. Tanning pits containing hides and a variety of often unpleasant substances were a characteristic feature of the area for many centuries. The Grange Tannery was originally run by Samuel Barrow & Brothers, but later came under the management of Barrow, Hepburn & Gale, one of the largest firms in the area.99

99 http://www.ideal-homes.org.uk/southwark/bermondsey/grange-tannery.htm

http://www.ideal-homes.org.uk/southwark/bermondsey/grange-tannery.htm

Brooker Family 72

(Henry3, Henry2, William1)

• Henry Brooker4 (31 Years) is listed as living on Mitcham Road in the parish of St Nicholas Tooting Graveney, in Tooting, Surrey employed as a pork butcher. Living with Henry4 are his wife Eleanor Brooker (33 Years), his Henry Brooker5 (4 Years) and Eleanor Brooker3 (1 Year).

Henry4 is listed as having been born in Woodford Bridge, Essex, Eleanor in Walthamstow, Essex and Henry5 and Eleanor5 in Camberwell, Surrey.

• Thomas Brooker4 (30 Years) is shown as living at 6 Parchmore Terrace, Croyden in Surrey employed as a butcher employing 1 boy. Living with Thomas4 is his wife Mary Brooker (31 Years) and daughter Florence Brooker5 (2 Years). Also living with Thomas4 is a servant John Hale (17 Years) who is employed as a butcher’s boy. John Hale is most likely the “boy” referred to in Thomas4’ occupation.

Thomas4 is listed as having been born in Woodford Bridge in Essex, Mary was born in Slymbridge in Gloucestershire, Florence5 was born in Thorton Heath, Surrey and John Hale was born in Stokeham, Suffolk.

• Charlotte Brooker4 (28 Years) is listed as living 67 Guilford Street in St. Pancras in Middlesex employed as a cook for Maria J. Payer (63 Years), a married annuitant receiving income from property. On the 1861 Census, she was listed as a clergyman’s wife. Also living with Maria was a housemaid Emma Heale (25 Years), a parlor maid Caroline Twitcher (20 Years) and a married invalid nurse Harriett Heritage (50 Years). This most likely indicates that Maria was the invalid.

Charlotte4 is listed as having been born in Essex, Maria in Middlesex, Emma in Devonshire, Caroline in Hampshire and Harriett in Suffolk.

• James Sired (32 Years) is listed as living at 14 Stibbington St., Pancras in Marylebone, Middlesex working as a porter. Living with James is his wife Annie Sired4 (27 Years). James is listed as having been born in Westminster, Middlesex and Annie in Woodford, Essex.

In 1871, William J. Brooker5 (William4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to William2 and Margaret Brooker in St Mary Magdalen Parish, Bermondsey in London.100

On September 29, 1871, William Brooker5 (Henry4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Henry4 and Eleanor Brooker on Mitcham Road in Tooting, which resides in the Streatham Sub-district of the Wandsworth District in the County of Surrey.101

100 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 101 1871 Birth Certificate: William Brooker.

Brooker Family 73

London 24 Hours

Let us glance, superficially and cursorily, at the industry of a London twenty-four hours. Towards midnight ... two or three thousands of your fellow creatures have been snatching hours from rest, to cart and pack the vegetables that will form a portion of your principal meal; and, if you are wakeful, the ponderous rumbling of waggon wheels over the rocky pavement, apprize you of this transit to the vast emporium of Covent Garden ... From the north, droves of sheep, oxen and swine, directed by the steady herdsman and the sagacious dog, thread their way to Smithfield, where, long before dawn, they are safely penned, awaiting the purchase of the salesmen of Leadenhall and Newgate markets.

The river, in the dead hour of night, is alive with boats, conveying every variety of the finny tribe to Billingsgate; now are the early breakfast houses reaping their harvest, the bustling host, in his shirt sleeves, conveying refreshment to his numerous customers; here, the shut out sot, and belated debauchee, are compelled to resort in conversation with the unfortunate and degraded of the other sex, to await the re-opening of their customary haunts of dissipation; now the footstep of the policeman, as he tramps slowly over his beat, awakes the slumbering echoes; every house is shrouded in repose, and the city seems a city of the dead. All, soon again, is noise, bustle and confusion; the carts of thousands of fishmongers, green-grocers, and victuallers, rattle along the streets, taking up their stands in orderly array in the immediate vicinity of the respective markets ... In a little while, however, they have completed their cargo for the day, and drive off; the waggons disappear, the markets are swept clean, and no trace remains ...

Five o'clock gives some little signs of life in the vicinity of the hotels and coach-offices; a two-horse stage, or railway "bus" rumbles off to catch the early trains; the street-retailers of fish, vegetables and fruit may be encountered, bearing on their heads their respective stocks in trade ... the nocturnal venders of "saloop" are busy dispensing their penny cups at the corners ..

Six o'clock announces the beginning of the working day, by the ringing of the bells of various manufactories. Now is the street crowded with the fustian-coated artizan, his basket of tools in his hand; and the stalwart Irish labourer, his short black pipe scenting the morning air with odours far different from those of Araby the Blest; the newspaper offices, busy during the night, now "let off" their gas - the sub-editors and compositors go home to bed, leaving the pressmen to complete the labour of the night

There is an interregnum until eight; the shopkeeper then begins his day, the porter taking down the shutters, the boy sweeping out the shop and the slipshod prentice lounging about the door; the principal comes in from his country box about nine; the assistants have then breakfasted and dressed; and at ten the real business of the day begins.

Brooker Family 74

At ten, too, the stream of life begins to set in city-ways; the rich merchant from Hampstead and Camberwell dashes along in his well-appointed curricle; the cashier, managing director, and principal accountant, reaches his place of business comfortably seated in his gig; clerks of all denominations foot it from Hackney, Islington and Peckham Rye; the "busses" are filled with a motley crew of all descriptions, from Paddington, Piccadilly, Elephant and Castle, and Mile-End.

From eleven till two the tide of population sets in strongly city-ways; then, when the greater part of the business in that quarter has been transaction, the West End tradesmen begin to open their eyes and look about them; although in Regent Street business is not at its maximum until four or five o'clock, and soon after the city is almost deserted. About two, all over London there is a lull; important business, that brooks no delay, must then be transacted - the vital business of dinner; for an hour little or nothing is done and no sound man of business expects to do any thing ...

Dinner over, business recommences with the energy of giants refreshed ... About six o'clock the great business of the city is totally at an end; the tide is then a tide of ebb setting out through all the avenues of town to the westward and to the suburbs ... Now eating begins in West End, and drinking in city taverns; now the coffeehouses fill and crowds gather round the doors of the theatres, patiently awaiting for an hour or more the opening of the doors; Hyde Park is now (if it be the fashionable season) in its glory; the eye is dazzled with the display of opulence, beauty and fashion more prominently abroad. Nine o'clock and the shops begin to close, save those of the cigar dealers and gin-spinners, whose business is now only about to begin; the streets swarm with young men about town, and loose characters of all descriptions issue from their hiding-places ... now the shellfish shops set forth their crustaceous treasures in battle array, fancifully disposing their prawns and lobsters in concentrical rows; the supper houses display their niceties in their windows...

About midnight the continuous roll of carriages indicates the breaking up of the theatrical auditories, while the streets are crowded with respectable persons hastening to their houses; one o'clock and all is shut up, save the watering-houses opposite the hackney coach and cab stands, the subterranean singing rooms, the a la mode beef houses, lobster taverns and ham shops at two the day may be said to end ...

The World of London, by John Murray, in Blackwoods Magazine, August 1841

Brooker Family 75

In 1872, Augusta Brooker5 (Thomas4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Thomas4 and Mary A. Brooker in Croydon, Surrey.102

In 1873, Elizabeth Sarah Sired5 (Anne4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to James and Annie4 Sired in St. Olive Southward in London.103

In 1872, John Peter Brooker5 (John4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to John4 and Mary Brooker in St. Olive Southwark in London.104

In 1874, Edward Brooker5 (Henry4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Henry4 and Eleanor Brooker in Wandsworth in London.105

In 1874, Thomas Henry Brooker5 (Thomas4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Thomas4 and Mary A. Brooker in Croydon, Surrey.106

In 1875, Florence Sired5 (Anne4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to James and Annie4 Sired in Islington, Middlesex.107

In 1875, Walter John Brooker5 (William4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to William4 and Margaret Brooker in St. Olive Southwark in London.108

In 1876, James Brooker5 (Henry4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Henry4 and Eleanor Brooker in the Wandsworth in London.109

In 1875, Agnes Louisa Brooker5 (Thomas4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Thomas4 and Mary A. Brooker in Croydon, Surrey.110

In 1877, Celia Annie Sired5 (Anne4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to James and Annie4 Sired in Islington, Middlesex.111

In 1877, Eliza Brooker5 (William4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to William4 and Margaret Brooker in Islington in London.112

Around 1878, Emma Brooker5 (John4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to John4 and Mary Brooker in Bermondsey, London.113

In 1877 or 1878, Ellen Brooker5 (Thomas4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Thomas4 and Mary A. Brooker in Croydon, Surrey.114

In 1878, Seela Brooker4 married William Silvester in Islington in Surrey.115

102 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 103 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 104 1901 Census RG13 396, Bermondsey, St. Olave, Southwark 205 Page 32 105 1880 Census, RG 11 740, Charlton, Greenwich, 76 page 13 106 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 107 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 108 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 109 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 110 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 111 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 112 FreeBMD Birth index 1837-1983 113 1901 Census RG13 396, Bermondsey, St. Olave, Southwark 205 Page 32 114 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 115 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983

Brooker Family 76

William Silvester’s surname is actually Silverson. He was baptized on 7 November 1856 in Henfield in Sussex. His parents were to Richard Silverson and Caroline Silverson nee Mosby, both of Henfield in Sussex.116

In 1879, Anne Sired5 (Anne4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to James and Annie4 Sired in Islington, Middlesex.117

In 1879, William Henry Silvester5 (Seela4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to William and Seela4 Silvester in the Steyning district in Sussex.118

1880 In 1880, Alice Brooker4 married George William Russell in Kensington in Middlesex.119

In 1880, Walter Brooker5 (John4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to John4 and Mary Brooker in St. Olive Southwark in London.120

116 http://www.mandywillard.co.uk/surnames/silverson/richard_1813.htm 117 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 118 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 119 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 120 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Royal Crescent Mews in the 21st century.

http://www.hollandparkliving.co.uk/photo pages/royal crescent photos.htm

Brooker Family 77

1881 Census (Henry2, William1)

• Henry Brooker3 (67 Years) is listed as retired and as living at 5 Royal Crest Mews in Kensington in the Ward of St. John + Saint James in the Borough of Chelsea.121 Living with Henry3 was his wife Elizabeth Brooker (67 Years).

Henry3 is listed as having been born in Woodford, Essex and Elizabeth in Marylebone, Middlesex.

(Henry3, Henry2, William1)

• Henry Brooker4 (42 Years) is listed as living at 12 Lower East Street in Charleton in the Borough of Greenwich, employed as a Labourer in the Paint Works. Living with Henry is his wife Eleanor Brooker (43 Years), his sons Henry Brooker5 (14 years), William Brooker5 (9 Years), Edward Brooker5 (6 Years) and James Brooker5 (4 Years) and his daughter Eleanor Brooker5 (11 Years).

Henry4 is listed as having been born in Woodford Bridge, Essex, Eleanor in Walthamstow, Essex, Henry5 and Eleanor5 in Camberwell, Surrey, William in Lower Tooting in Surrey and Edward and James in Tooting in Surrey.122

• John Brooker4 (32 Years) is listed as living 20 West St., Bermondsey, Surrey employed as a General Laborer. Living with John is his wife Mary Brooker (29

121 1880 Census, RG 11 31, Kensington, Chelsea, 88 Page 1 122 1880 Census, RG 11 740, Charlton, Greenwich, 76 page 13.

A photograph of Hove Street (from Hove Manor House, looking north in September 1914)

http://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/page_id__5854_path__0p115p210p678p.aspx

Brooker Family 78

Years), his sons John P. Brooker5 (8 Years), Walter Brooker5 (1 Years) and his daughters Emma S. Brooker5 (3 Years).

John4 is listed as having been born in Woodford, Essex, and all of the children in Bermondsey, Surrey. Mary’s birthplace is unreadable on the 1881 Census.

• Thomas Brooker4 (40 Years) is shown as living at 7 Percy Road in the town of Croyden in Surrey employed as a pork butcher. Living with Thomas4 is his wife Mary A. Brooker (42 Years), daughters Florence Brooker5 (12 Years), Augusta Brooker5 (9 Years), Agnes Brooker5 (5 Years), Ellen Brooker5 (3 Years) and son Thomas Brooker5 (7 Years).

Thomas4 is listed as having been born in Woodford Bridge in Essex, Mary in Slymbridge in Gloucestershire and all of the children in Croydon, Surrey.

• James Sired (42 Years) is listed as living at 68 Havelock St., Islington in Middlesex working as a potato porter. Living with James is his wife Annie Sired4 (37 Years) and his daughters Elizabeth Sired5 (8 Years), Florence Sired5 (6 Years), Celia Sired5 (4 Years) and Anne Sired5 (2 Years).

James is listed as having been born in London and Annie4 in Epping, Essex, Elizabeth5 in Bermondsey, and Florence5, Celia5 and Anne5 as all having been born in Islington.

• William Brooker4 (34 Years) is listed as living at 3 Warndon St. in Rotherhithe, Southwark in London employed as a butcher. Living with William4 is his wife Ellen M. Brooker (27 Years), sons William J. Brooker5 (6 Years) and Walter Brooker5 (1 Year) and his daughter Eliza J. Brooker5 (4 Years). Also living with William4 was a boarder named James R. Hamy (18 Years) who was employed as a general laborer.William4 is listed as having been born in Woodsworth, Sussex, Ellen in Bath in Somerset, William J. 5 in Bermondsey in Surrey, Eliza5 in Barnsbury in Middlesex and Walter5 in Rotherhithe in Surrey. William4 is listed here as having been born in Woodsworth, Sussex even though he was born in Woodford Bridge in Essex. This seems to be a case of bad communication since his place of birth is listed correctly as Woodford Bridge on the 1891 census.

• William Silvester ( 25 years) is listed as living in the “Manor Gardener’s Cottage” located next to “Hove Manor House” in Hove in Sussex employed as a domestic gardener. Living with William is his wife Seela Silvester4 (30 Years) listed as a “Gardener’s Wife” and his son William Silvester5 (1 Year). Hove Manor House is occupied by a widow Sarah Valance (70 Years).

William is listed as having been born in Hinfield in Sussex, Seela4 in Woodford in Essex and William5 in Hove in Sussex.

• George W. Russell (28 Years) is listed as living at 43 High Street in Battersea in London employed as a butcher. Living with George is his wife Alice Russell4 (22 Years). George is listed as having been born in Uxbridge in Middlesex and Alice4 in Bermondsey in Surrey.

In 1881, Eliza Brooker5 (4 Years) died in Greenwich, Surrey.

Brooker Family 79

In 1881, Alice Sired5 (Anne4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to James and Annie4 Sired in Islington, London.123

In 1882, Charles Henry Brooker5 (William4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to William4 and Margaret Brooker in Greenwich in London.124

Around 1882, Ellen Silvester5 (Seela4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to William and Seela4 Silvester in the Steyning district in Sussex.125

In 1882, Edward Silvester5 (Seela4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to William and Seela4 Silvester in the Steyning district in Sussex.126

In 1882, Ethel Brooker5 (Thomas4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Thomas4 and Mary A. Brooker in Croydon in Surrey.127

In 1882, Edward Brooker5 (John4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to John4 and Mary Brooker in St. Olive Southwark in London.128

123 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 124 Free BMD Birth Index 1837-1983 125 1891 English Census 126 FreeBMD English Census 127 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Hove Manor House in 1920 The Manor House was built in the early eighteenth century by the Tredcroft family. It stood on the east side of Hove St and had the unusual feature of a bell cupola on the roof of the house, these were normally found on stables. The house was occupied by theVallance family for many years. A block of flats now stand on the site with a restaurant named after the house. http://www.btinternet.com/~r.browning/washgallery.htm

Brooker Family 80

In 1883, Hannah Maud Russell5 (Alice4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to George and Alice Russell4 in the Wandsworth district of Surrey.129

In 1884, Caroline Elizabeth Silvester5 (Seela4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to William and Seela4 Silvester in the Steyning district in Sussex.130

In 1884, James Henry Sired5 (Anne4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to James and Annie4 Sired in Islington in London.131

In 1885, Henry Brooker5 married Sarah Ann Knowles in Woolwich in London.132

In 1885, Albert Edward Brooker5 (William4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to William2 and Margaret Brooker in Greenwich in London.133

In 1885, Henry Thomas Brooker6 (Henry5, Henry4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Henry4 and Sarah Anne Brooker in Woolwich in London.134

In 1887, Edward Sired5 (Anne4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to James and Annie4 Sired in Islington in London.135

128 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 129 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 130 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 131 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 132 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 133 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 134 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Brooker Family 81

In 1887, Nellie Russell5 (Alice4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to George and Alice Russell4 in the Lambeth district of Surrey.136

In 1887, Ellen Mary A. Brooker5 (William4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to William4 and Margaret Brooker in Greenwich in London.137

In 1887, Ellen Brooker5 (John4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to John4 and Mary Brooker in St. Olive Southwark in London.138

In 1887, Helena Clara Brooker6 (Henry5, Henry4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Henry3 and Sarah Ann Brooker in Woolwich in London.139

In 1888, James Guy Silvester5 (Seela4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to William and Seela4 Silvester in the Steyning district in Sussex.140

In 1889, Annie Ethel Brooker6 (Henry5, Henry4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Henry5 and Sarah Ann Brooker in Woolwich in London.141

In 1889, George William Russell5 (Alice4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to George and Alice Russell4 in the Edmonton district of Middlesex.142

1890 On 4 January 1891, William Edward Brooker6 (Henry5, Henry4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Henry5 and Sarah Brooker in Kilburn, London.143

In 1891, George Silvester5 (Seela4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to William and Seela4 Silvester in the Steyning district in Sussex.144

1891 Census

(Henry3, Henry2, William1)

• William Brooker4 (47 Years) is listed as living at 25 Windmill Lane in the parish of St. Paul, Deptford in the County of London employed as a slaughter man. Living with William is his wife Margaret Brooker (37 Years) are his sons William J. Brooker5 (17 Years) employed as a car man, Walter Brooker5 (12 Years), Charles H. Brooker5 (9 Years), Albert E. Brooker5 (5 Years) and his daughter Ellen M. Brooker5 (4 Years).

William4 is listed as having been born in Woodford Bridge in Essex, Margaret in Bath, William J. 5 and Walter5 in Bermondsey in Surrey and Charles5, Albert5 and Ellen5 in Deptford, Middlesex.

135 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 136 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 137 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 138 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 139 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 140 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 141 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 142 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 143 http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/history/tasparl/brookere422.htm 144 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Brooker Family 82

• John Brooker4 (42 Years) is listed as living 20 West St., Bermondsey, Surrey employed as a rice mill Laborer. Living with John is his wife Mary Brooker (40 Years), his sons John P. Brooker5 (18 Years), Walter Brooker5 (11 Years), Edward Brooker5 (8 Years) and his daughters Emma S. Brooker5 (13 Years) and Ellen Brooker5 (3 Years). John P. 5 is employed as a Rice Mills Laborer and Emma5 as a case maker (packing).

John4 is listed as having been born in Woodford in Essex, Mary in Walworth, Middlesex and all of the children in Bermondsey, Surrey.

• Henry Brooker4 (51 Years) is listed as living at 98 Hoe Street in Walthamstow, Essex working as a gardener (domestic servant). Living with Henry4 was his wife Eleanor Brooker (53 Years) and sons William Brooker5 (19 Years) who was employed as a Butcher’s Assistant and James Brooker5 (14 Years) who was employed as a part time errand boy. Also living with Henry4 was George Edwards (5 Years) who was listed as a boarder.

• Thomas Brooker4 (50 Years) is shown as living at 31 Bensham Manor Road in the town of Thorton Heath in the parish of Croyden in Surrey employed as a pork butcher (manager). Living with Thomas4 is his wife Mary A. Brooker (52 Years), daughters Florence Brooker5 (22 Years) employed as a school mistress, Augusta Brooker5 (19 Years), Helen Brooker5 (13 Years), Ethel Brooker5 (9 Years) and son Thomas Brooker5 (17 Years) employed as a pork butcher presumably in his fathers butcher shop.

Thomas4 is listed as having been born in Woodford in Essex; Mary was born in Gloucestershire and all of the children in Deptford, Surrey.

• James Sired (52 Years) is listed as living at 46 Havelock St., Islington in Middlesex working as a market potato porter. Living with James is his wife Annie Sired4 (47 Years) and his daughters Elizabeth Sired5 (18 Years), Florence Sired5 (16 Years), Celia Sired5 (13 Years), Anne Sired5 (11 Years) and Alice Sired5 (9 Years) and sons James Sired5 (6 Years) and Edward Sired5 (4 Years).

James is listed as having been born in Westminster, London and Annie in Woodford, Essex, Elizabeth in Bermondsey, and Florence, Celia, Anne, James and Edward as all having been born in Islington.

(Henry4, Henry3, Henry2, William1)

• Henry Brooker5 (25 Years) is listed as living at 14 Allington Road in Willesden, Middlesex employed as a Scientific Instrument Maker. Living with Henry is his wife Sarah Anne Brooker (25 Years), his sons Henry T. Brooker6 (5 Years), William Edward Brooker6 (1 Year) and his daughters Helena Clara Brooker6 (3 Years) and Anne E. Brooker6 (2 Years).

Henry5 is listed as having been born in Camberwell in Surrey and Sarah and all of the children in Charlton, Kent except William E. who is listed as being born in Willesden, Middlesex.

• William Silvester (34 Years) is listed as living at 19 Montgomery Street in Hove in Sussex employed as a Gardener. Living with William is his wife Seela

Brooker Family 83

Silvester4 (39 Years), sons William H. Silvester5 (11 Years), Ellen C. Silvester5

(10 Years), Edward Silvester5 (8 Years), James Silvester5 (2 Years), George Silvester5 (10 Days) and daughters Ellen C. Silvester5 (10 Years) and Caroline E. Silvester5 (7 Years).

William is shown as having been born in Henfield in Sussex, Seela in Woodford in Essex and all of the children in Hove in Sussex.

• George W. Russell (38 Years) is listed as living at the High Road Butcher Shop in Tottenham in London employed as a butcher. Living with George is his wife Alice Russell4 (22 Years), his daughters Alice G. Russell5 (9 Years), Hannah M. Russell5 (7 Years), Mollie Russell5 (4 Years) and his son George W. Russell5 (2 Years). Also living with George is a butcher’s assistant Thomas H. E. Relf (18 Years).

George is listed as having been born in Uxbridge in Middlesex, Alice4 in Bermondsey in Surrey, Alice5 and Hannah5 in Battersea in Surrey, Nellie5 in Norwood in Surrey, George5 in Hornsey in Middlesex and Thomas5 as a East Indies British Subject.

(Thomas4, Henry3, Henry2, William1)

• Agnes Brooker5 (15 Years) is listed as living at 37 Homewood Rd in Croydon, Surrey employed as a domestic servant for the family of William A. Elford (26 Years), a bank clerk. Also living with William was his wife Alice M N Elford (24 Years), his son William N Elford (1 Year) and his daughter Frances M Elford (2 months). Also living with William was another domestic servant Elizabeth A. Lucus (25 years).

Agnes5 and Francis are listed as having been born in Norwood in Surrey, William A. Elford in London in Middlesex, Alice in Hatfield in Hertsfordshire, William N. Elford in Bedford in Bedfordshire and Elizabeth in Cold Waltham in Sussex.

In 1892, Elsie Russell5 (Alice4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to George and Alice Russell4 in the Edmonton district of Middlesex.145

Around 1895, Dorothy Russell5 (Alice4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to George and Alice Russell4 in Leytonstone in Essex.

On July 10th 1895, William Brooker5 (23 years) married Mary Ann Foreman (19 Years) at the parish church in Walthamstow in the County of Essex. William Brooker5 was unmarried, lived in Walthamstow and was employed as a Dairy Man. Mary Ann Foreman, born April 11, 1876146, daughter of Charles Leonard Foreman, deceased was unmarried and lived on 57 Charlwood St. in Pimlico in the County of Middlesex. The ceremony was witnessed by Henry Jackson and Annie Agetha DeBrion.147

145 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 146 Family Bible owned by Lillian Annie Brooker Hoare in the possession of Doris Hoare Heyns. 147 1895 Marriage Certificate: William Brooker, Mary Ann Foreman.

Brooker Family 84

William and Mary Ann Brooker

Brooker Family 85

On July 5, 1896, Eleanor Florence Brooker6 (William5, Henry4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was baptized at St. Mary, Walthamstow Essex. Her parents are William3 and Mary Ann Brooker who are listed as living at 4 Selborne Avenue in Walthamstow, Essex. William is listed as a Butcher.148149

In 1897, Lillian May (Mabel) Brooker6 (Henry5, Henry4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to Henry5 and Sarah Brooker in Edmonton in Middlesex.150151

In 1898, George Silvester died in the Steyning district in Sussex.152

Mary Ann Brooker (60 Years) died in Bishop Strotford, Hertfordshire.153

1900 In 1900, William Henry C. Brooker6 (William5, Henry4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to William5 and Mary Ann Brooker in Edmonton in Middlesex.154

In 1901, Helen (Ellen) Brooker5 married Edward George J Jones in Bishop Stortford in Hertfordshire. 155

Ellen Brooker is listed as Ellen in the Birth Index and the 1881 Census but is listed as Helen in the 1891 Census. The only way to ensure that this Helen Brooker is the same person as the Ellen Brooker listed in Thomas’ family will be to obtain the marriage license which will contain her parent’s names.

1901 Census (Henry3, Henry2, William1)

• In 1901, Henry Brooker4 (61 Years) is listed as living at 98 Eden Road in Walthamstow, Essex employed as a Gardener – not domestic working at home. Living with Henry4 are his wife Eleanor Brooker (63 Years), his son James Brooker5(24 Years), a Scientific Instrument Maker working at home, George Edwards (15 Years) a foster son who is employed as a telegraph messenger and William Pearce (24 Years), a boarder who is employed as a domestic coachman.

148 1901 English Census 149 Vestry House St. Mary Parish Register Index. 150 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 151 Vestry House St. Mary Parish Register Index 152 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 153 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 154 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 155 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983

Henry Brooker4 in 1926

Brooker Family 86

Henry4 is listed as having been born in Woodford Bridge in Essex, Eleanor in Walthamstow in Essex, James5 in Tooting in Surrey and George E. in Woolrich in Kent.

• Thomas Brooker4 (60 Years) is listed as a widower living at 4 Highland Place in Bishop Stortford in Hertford employed as a domestic gardener. Living with Thomas4 is his daughter Agnes Brooker5 (24 Years). Thomas4 is listed as having been born in Woodford Bridge in Essex and Agnes5 in Croydon in Surrey.

• John4 (52 Years) and Mary Brooker (50 Years) lived at 17 Marshall Way in the Bermondsey Sub district in the District of St. Olave, Southwark. John4 is listed as a Warf Laborer.

Living with John4 and Mary are Walter Brooker5 (21 Years), Warf Laborer, Edward5 (18 Years), a Contractor’s Carman, and Ellen5 (13 Years).

• William Silvester (45 Years) is listed as living at 36 Montgomery Street in Hove in Sussex employed as a Gardener (not domestic). Living with William is his wife Seela Silvester4 (50 Years) listed as a coffee house shopkeeper, sons William H. Silvester5 (21 Years) listed as a grocer’s assistant, Edward Silvester5 (18 Years) listed as a paper warehouse porter, James Silvester5 (12 Years), and daughters Ellen C. Silvester5 (19 Years) and Caroline E. Silvester5 (17 Years).

William is shown as having been born in Henfield in Sussex, Seela4 in Woodford in Essex and all of the children in Hove in Sussex.

• George W. Russell (48 Years) is listed as living at Mayville Road in Leyton in Essex employed as a butcher’s assistant. Living with George is his wife Alice Russell4 (42 Years), his daughters Alice G. Russell5 (19 Years), Hannah M. Russell5 (17 Years), Nellie Russell5 (14 Years), Elsie Russell5 (8 Years), Dorothy Russell5 (6 Years) and his son George W. Russell5 (12 Years). George is listed as having been born in Uxbridge in Middlesex, Alice4 in Bermondsey in Surrey, Alice5 and Hannah5 in Battersea in Surrey, Nellie5 in Norwood in Surrey, George5 in Hornsey in Middlesex, Elsie5 in Tottenham in Middlesex and Dorothy5 in Leyton in Essex

(Henry4, Henry3, Henry2, William1)

• Henry Brooker5 is listed as living (35 Years) at No. 1 Holly Villas in Enfield, Middlesex employed as an electrical engineer. Living with Henry5 is his wife Sarah Brooker (34 Years) his sons Henry T. Brooker6 (15 Years), William E. Brooker6 (10 Years) and his daughters Helena C. Brooker6 (13 Years), Annie E. Brooker6 (12 Years), and Lillian M. Brooker6 (3 Years). Henry T. is listed as a scientific Instrument maker, presumably working for his father.

Henry5 is listed as having been born in Camberwell in Surrey, Sarah, Henry T., Helena, Annie E. in Charlton, Kent, William E. in Paddington, London and Lillian M. in Ponders End, Middlesex.

• William Brooker5 (29 Years) is listed as living at 29 Napier Road in Enfield in the registration district of Edmonton in the County of Middlesex employed as a as an Electric Light Storekeeper. Living with William5 is his wife Mary Ann Brooker

Brooker Family 87

(25 Years), his daughter Eleanor F. Brooker6 (5 Years) and his son William H.C. Brooker6 (1 Year). Also living with William5 and Mary Ann is a boarder named Samuel Silliman (29 Years), a general mechanic.

William5 is shown as having been born in Tooting in Surrey, Mary Ann in Pimlico in London, Eleanor6 in Walthamstow in Essex and William H. C. 6 in Ponders End Middlesex.

Napier Road is actually much closer to Ponders End than Enfield. This is supported by the census form listing the birthplace of William H.C. Brooker6 as Ponders Lane instead of Enfield.

(Thomas4, Henry3, Henry2, William1)

• Edward Jones (25 Years) is listed as living at 34 Wilmount Street in Plumstead in Woolrich in London employed as a laborer at the Royal Arsenal. Living with Edward is his wife Helen Jones5 (23 Years). Edward is listed as having been born in Greenwich in London and Helen5 in Norwood in Surrey.

• Ethel Brooker5 (19 Years) is listed as living at 36 Jefferys Road in Lambeth in the county of Surrey employed as a domestic servant for a single woman Elizabeth C. Brown (69 Years) who takes in boarders for income. Also living with Elizabeth was her single sister Matilda M. Brown (60 Years) who is living by her own means and a boarder Frederick W. Harris (26 Years) who is employed as a shipping clerk.

Ethel5 is listed as having born in Norwood in Surrey, Elizabeth and Matilda in Yeovil, Somerset and Frederick in Leonaworth in Cornwall.

Royal Arsenal

http://www.royal-arsenal.co.uk/index.cfm?articleID=5

Brooker Family 88

In 1903, Florence Mary Sired5 married Arthur Ryder in West ham in Essex.156

In 1904, James Brooker5 (27 Years) married his cousin Anne Sired5 (25 Years) in West Ham district in Essex.157

In 1904, Alice Sired5 married Frank Gascoyne in West Ham district in Essex.

On February 12, 1905, Lillian Annie Brooker6 (William5, Henry4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to William5 and Mary Ann Brooker at 845 Hollins Road in the Oldham South Sub-district, of the Oldham District in the County of Oldham in Greater Manchester. William5 is listed as a storekeeper (electrical works).158

On April 8, 1908, Lillian Mabel (May) Brooker6 (10 Years) was buried at St. Mary, Walthamstow. She is listed as having lived at 22 Stanley Road, Leyton, in Essex.159

1910 In 1912, Edward Sired married Ada E. Everest in West Ham district in Essex.160

In 1913, Annie Brooker6 married George J. Dorrington in the West Ham District in Essex.161

In 1913, Cecilia A. Sired married James Wheeler in West Ham district in Essex.162

On April 8, 1917, Doris Brooker6 (William5, Henry4, Henry3, Henry2, William1) was born to William5 and Mary Ann Brooker.163

On April 13, 1918, Eleanor Brooker (80 Years) was buried at St. Mary’s Walthamstow.164

In 1919, William Edward Brooker immigrated to Australia. 165

On 8 November 1919, Eleanor Florence Brooker married Leonard Tewkesbury.166

156 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 157 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 158 1905 Birth Certificate: Lillian Annie Brooker 159 Vestry House St. Mary Parish Register Index 160 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 161 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 162 FreeBMD marriage Index 1837-1983 163 Family Bible owned by Lillian Annie Brooker Hoare in the possession of Doris Heyns. 164 Vestry House St. Mary Parish Register Index 165 Notes from family tree compiled by Maureen Turner in 1996. 166 Notes accompanying Wedding Photograph received from Doris Heyns.

Brooker Family 89

Wedding of Eleanor Florence Brooker and Leonard Tewkesbury November 8, 1919

Front Row (Kneeling): Doris Clark, James Brooker (brother of bride) 1st Row: Mary Ann Brooker (mother of bride), Doris Brooker (sister of bride, on lap),

Lillian Annie Brooker (sister of bride), Leonard Tewkesbury (groom), Eleanor Florence Brooker (bride), Lillian Clark, Mrs. Tewkesbury (mother of groom)

2nd Row: Herbert Tewkesbury, Enid (Irene?) Couch, Rose (Foreman) Couch (aunt of bride), Mrs. Clark, William H.C. Brooker (brother of bride), William Brooker (father

of bride), Eleanor (Brooker) Hopkins (aunt of bride), Annie (Brooker) Dorrington, Mr. Tewkesbury (father of groom), Clyde Tewkesbury (brother of bride)

Back Row: Mr. Clark, Ellen (Foreman) Slade (aunt of bride), Alice Jane Foreman

(aunt of bride), Lillian Tewkesbury (groom’s sister), Henry Brooker (uncle of bride), Sarah (Knowles) Brooker (wife of Henry Brooker), James Brooker (uncle of bride),

Anne (Sired) Brooker (wife of James Brooker), George Hopkins (husband of Eleanor (Brooker) Hopkins)

Brooker Family 90

1920 On April 11, 1927, Mary Ann Brooker (52 Years) died.

1930 On October 10, 1934, Henry Brooker2 (90 Years) was buried at St. Mary, Walthamstow. He is listed as a resident of The Retreat Billeracy.167

1940 On 19 December 1947, William Edward Brooker became Tasmanian until 24 February 1948. He held the Premiership only while Robert Cosgrove was facing charges. 168

On 18 June 1948, William Edward Brooker died in Hobert Tasmania while serving in the House of Assembly.169

167 Vestry House St. Mary Parish Register Index 168 http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/history/tasparl/brookere422.htm 169 http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/history/tasparl/brookere422.htm

William Edward Brooker Tasmanian Premier 1947 - 1948 Government Whip 1936 - 1939

Brooker Family 91

1 Henry Brooker 2 Eleanor Brooker 3 Matilda (?) Brooker 4 Edward Brooker 5 Thomas Brooker 6 Queenie Brooker 7 Eleanor Brooker 8 Edward Brooker 9 Florence Brooker 10 Annie Syrid Brooker 11 James Brooker 12 Sarah Knowles Brooker

14

117

19

15

16

89 105

43 21 6

1312

17 18

23 22

21

20

13 Henry Brooker 14 Eleanor Howes Brooker 15 William Brooker 16 Lillian Brooker Hoare 17 Annie Brooker 18 Edward Brooker 19 Henry Brooker 20 William H.C. Brooker 21 Mary Ann Forman Brooker 22 James Brooker 23 Doris Brooker

Brooker Family 92

Wedding of George Dorrington and Annie Brooker on September 20, 1913. Taken at Aubrey House on Aubrey Road where the family lived.

1

3 4

56

98

72

1 Eleanor Brooker 2 Alice (George’s Niece) 3 George Dorrington 4 Annie Brooker 5 Sarah Brooker 6 Zillah Brooker

7 Nellie Knowles 8 Lillian Brooker 9 Annie Brooker 10 11 12

Crosier Family 93

Crosier Offic. ‘the crosier,’ one who carried the bishop’s cross or pastoral staff ;

‘One Syr Edward Gryme, that was his crosier,

put forthe his arme with the crosse to bere of the stroke’ Cath. Ang Way, commenting on this word, quotes concerning the martyrdom of St. Thomas of

Canterbury170

The family of Susannah Crosier, David William Hoare’s mother, is based primarily around London in the Parish of St. Pancras. After the death of her father in 1871, Susannah’s mother, Henrietta Ann Hoare Crosier, remarried an artilleryman in the Royal Marines, Frederick McRill, and moved the family to Portsmouth while her husband served presumably on a ship since he was not listed with the family on the 1881 census. Upon leaving the service, Frederick McRill moved his family to London south of the Thames. They lived in proximity to the Hoare family which might explain the marriage of Susannah and Frederick Hoare.

Although Susannah’s Mother’s maiden name was Hoar and she was born near Portsmouth, there is no apparent connection between the two Hoare families. Frederick’s Hoar (e) family was from Portsea and Henrietta’s Hoar family was from Hayling Island.

Both Susannah Crosier and her father, David, died at the age of 35 years old from illness. Although this is somewhat unusual, there does not seem to be any connection between the illnesses.

170 A Dictionary Of English & Welsh Surnames

March 1765: Riots erupt in American colonies after parliament levies 'stamp' taxes In 1765, British Prime Minister George Grenville's administration passed the Stamp Act to raise extra taxes from the North American colonists. The money was intended to pay for the colonists' own military defence against possible future French incursions. Stamp duties were levied on newspapers and legal documents. Six of the 13 American colonies petitioned against the act and riots broke out. The Stamp Act was repealed in March 1766.

Crosier Family 94

1760 Around 1766, Timothy Crosier1 was born somewhere outside of Middlesex.171

1790 Around 1797, David Crosier2 (Timothy1) was born to Timothy Crosier1 in Ingatestone in the borough of Brentwood in the county of Essex.172

1800 Around 1806, Edward Crosier2 (Timothy1) was born to Timothy Crosier1 in Ingatestone in the borough of Brentwood in the county of Essex.173

There is not any evidence currently known as to the relationship of Edward to Timothy and David but the circumstantial evidence is very convincing. Both David and Edward were born in Ingatestone in Essex and moved to Somers Town in Middlesex. David was employed as a colourman and Edward as a house painter which are related occupations. It

171 1841 English Census 172 1841 English Census 173 1841 English Census

Ingatestone Essex: Busy street scene. http://www.antiquemapsandprints.com/london-henshall.htm

Crosier Family 95

is probable that David and Edward were brothers.

1810 In 1818, David Crosier2 married Susannah Martin in St. Marylebone, Middlesex.174

1820 Around 1821, Mary Crosier3 (David2, Timothy1) was born to David2 and Susannah Crosier in St. Pancras in Middlesex.175

Around 1826, Georgiana Crosier3 (David2, Timothy1) was born to David2 and Susannah Crosier.176

Around 1827, Susannah Crosier3 (David2, Timothy1) was born to David2 and Susannah Crosier in St. Pancras in Middlesex.177

Around 1829, Sarah Crosier3 (David2, Timothy1) was born to David2 and Susannah Crosier in St. Pancras in Middlesex.178

1830 Around 1831, Elizabeth Crosier3 (David2, Timothy1) was born to David2 and Susannah Crosier in St. Pancras in Middlesex.179

Around 1832, Jane Crosier3 (David2, Timothy1) was born to David2 and Susannah Crosier in St. Pancras in Middlesex.180

Around 1834, Emma Crosier3 (David2, Timothy1) was born to David2 and Susannah Crosier in St. Pancras in Middlesex.181

On 1 October 1835, David Crosier3 (David2, Timothy1) was born to David2 and Susannah Crosier. David Crosier3 was christened 20 December 1835 at the Old Church in the Parish of Saint Pancras in the County of Middlesex182

174 St. Marylebone Parish Register 175 176 1841 English Census 177 1841 English Census 178 1841 English Census 179 1841 English Census 180 1841 English Census 181 1841 English Census 182 LDS Film: Batch C047933, Source 0598164.

Crosier Family 96

Between 1830 and 1841, Edward Crosier2 married Jane Newbery Haines. The date and parish are unreadable.183

1840 Around 1840, Amelia Crosier3 (David2, Timothy1) was born to David2 and Susannah Crosier in St. Pancras in Middlesex.184

Around 1841, Jane Crosier3 (Edward2, Timothy1) was born to Edward2 and Jane Crosier.185

1841 Census

(Timothy1)

• David Crosier2 (40 year) is listed as living on Churchway in Somers Town in Middlesex. His occupation is unreadable. Living with David Crosier2 was his wife Susannah Crosier (40 Years), daughter Mary Crosier3 (20 Years), Georgiana Crosier3 (15 Years), Susannah Crosier3 (14 Years), Sarah Crosier3 (12 Years), Elizabeth Crosier3 (10 Years), Jane Crosier3 (9 Years), Emma Crosier3 (7 Years), Amelia Crosier3 (1 Year) and his son David Crosier3 (5 Years). Also living with David is his father Timothy Crosier1 (75 Years) and a woman named Sarah Bailey (20 Years). All are listed as having been born in Middlesex except for David2, wife Susannah2, Timothy1 and Sarah Bailey.

• Edward Crosier2 (35 Years) is listed as living on Drummond St in Somers Town in Middlesex employed as a painter. Living with Edward2 is his wife Jane Crosier (30 Years) and his daughter Jane Crosier3 (2 months). Only Edward2 is listed as not having been born in Middlesex.

1850

In 1850, Georgiana Francis Crosier3 married Samuel Wiswould in St Pancras in Middlesex.186

183 Pallot’s Marriage Index for England: 1780-1837 184 1841 English Census 185 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 186 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983

1838: Charles Dickens' 'Oliver Twist' is published Charles Dickens was one of the greatest Victorian novelists. 'Oliver Twist' was, like many of Dickens' other novels, originally published in serial form and brought to public attention contemporary social evils. Dickens' other works included 'The Pickwick Papers', 'A Christmas Carol', 'David Copperfield' and 'Great Expectations'.

Crosier Family 97

1851 Census

(Timothy1)

• David Crosier2 (54 Years) is listed as living at 55 Upper Seymore Street, Somers Town in the parish of St. Pancras in Middlesex. David2 is listed as being employed as an Oilman. An Oilman is defined as having sold oil for lamps. Living with David is his wife Susannah Crosier (51 Years), his daughters Sarah Crosier3 (21 Years), Elizabeth Crosier3 (20 Years), Jane Crosier3 (18 Years), a dressmaker, Emma Crosier3 (16 Years), and Amelia Crosier3 (11 Years) and son David Crosier3 (15 Years), who was a Solicitors Clerk.

David2 is listed as having been born in Ingatestone in the borough of Brentwood in the county of Essex, Susannah was born in Poole, Dorset and all of the children are shown as being born in St. Pancras, Middlesex.

• Edward Crosier2 (45 Years) is listed as living at 84 Drummond Street in Somers Town in the parish of St. Pancras in Middlesex employed as a Painter/Glazier. A glazier is defined as a glass cutter or a window Glassman. Living with Edward2 was his wife Jane Crosier (39 Years) and their daughter Jane Crosier3 (11 Years).

Edward2 is listed as having been born in Ingatestone, in the borough of Brentwood in Essex, wife Jane in Marylebone in Middlesex and daughter Jane3 in St. Pancras, Middlesex.

(David2, Timothy1)

• Mary Ann Crosier3 (31 Years) and her sister Susannah Crosier3 (24 Years) are listed as living at 30 Church Way in Somers Town in Middlesex with Mary Ann3 listed as being employed as an occupier of an oil shop. Both are listed as having been born in St. Pancras in Middlesex.

• Samuel Wiswould (27 Years) is listed as living in a Schoolhouse on Southampton Street in Marylebone in Middlesex employed as a schoolmaster. Living with Samuel was his wife Georgiana F. Wiswould3 (27 Years). Both are listed as having been born in St. Pancras in Middlesex.

In 1852, Mary Ann Crosier3 married William May Scott in the district of Pancras in Middlesex.187

In 1852, Susannah Crosier3 married Charles John Scott in the district of Pancras in Middlesex.188

Around 1853, Frederick Crosier3 was born to Edward and Jane Crosier in St. Pancreas in Middlesex.

Around 1853, Charles C. Scott4 (Susannah3, David2, Timothy1) was born to Charles and Susannah3 Scott in St. Pancras in Middlesex.189

In 1854, Thomas W. Wiswould4 (Georgiana3, David2, Timothy1) was born to Samuel

187 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 188 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 189 FreeBMD Birth Index I837-1983

Crosier Family 98

and Georgiana3 Wiswould in St. Pancras in Middlesex.190

Around 1855, Susannah J. Scott4 (Susannah3, David2, Timothy1) was born to Charles and Susannah3 Scott in St. Pancras in Middlesex.191

In 1856, Henry S. Wiswould4 (Georgiana3, David2, Timothy1) was born to Samuel and Georgiana3 Wiswould in St. Pancras in Middlesex.192

In 1857, Emma Crosier3 married James Barton in the district of Pancras in Middlesex.193

In 1859, Emma Annie Barton4 (Emma3, David2, Timothy1) was born to James and Emma Barton in St. Pancras in Middlesex.194

1860 On June 24, 1860, David Crosier2 married Henrietta Ann Hoare, daughter of James Hoare, a farmer, in the parish church, St. George Bloomsbury, in the St. Giles Registration district in the County of Middlesex. David2 and Henrietta were unmarried at the time. David2 was living at 55 Upper Seymour Street, working as a Grainer and

190 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 191 1861 English Census 192 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 193 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 194 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Crosier Family 99

Henrietta was living at 12 Great Portland Street. The ceremony was attended by John Self and Mary Whitting195.

In 1861, Elizabeth Kay4 (Elizabeth3, David2, Timothy1) was born to William and Elizabeth3 Kay in St. Giles in Middlesex.196

1861 Census (Timothy1)

• David Crosier2 (63 Years) is listed as living at 55 Upper Seymore Street (an Oil Shop) in St. Pancras in Middlesex employed as an Oilman and as a Colourman. A colourman is defined as having mixed the dyes in the textile trade and also assistant to a house painter. Living with David2 is his wife Susan Crosier (62 Years) are daughters Sarah Crosier3 (30 Years), a Dressmaker, Jane Crosier3 (28

Years), and Amelia Crosier3 (21 Years), a Dressmaker.

David2 is listed as having been born in Ingatestone in the borough of Brentwood in the county of Essex. Susannah was born in Poole, Dorset. The children are all are shown as being born in St. Pancras, Middlesex.

• Edward Crosier2 (54 Years) is listed as living at 22 Chalton Street, St. Pancras in Middlesex employed as a painter. Living with Edward was his wife Jane Crosier (50 Years), their daughter Jane Crosier3 (21 Years) and their son Frederick Crosier3 (8 Years).

Edward is listed as having been born in Ingatestone, in the borough of Brentwood in Essex and Jane was born in Marylebone, Middlesex and the children are both shown as being born in St. Pancras, Middlesex.

195 Marriage Certificate: Application #: B006056 196 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Except from Charles Booth's survey into life and labour in London, dating from 1886-1903. http://booth.lse.ac.uk/notebooks/b356/jpg/113.html

Crosier Family 100

(David2, Timothy1)

• William Scott (40 Years) is listed as living at 70 Charrington St. in Marylebone in Middlesex employed as an artist engraver and artist in watercolor. Living with William was his wife Mary Ann Scott3 (41 Years) and his daughter Mary Ann Scott4 (7 Years).

William is listed as having been born in Thanet in Kent and Mary Ann3 and Mary Ann4 in Pancras in Marylebone.

• Charles J. Scott (33 Years) is listed as living at 14 Gilbert St. in St. Georges Bloombury in London employed as an Attendant at the British Museum. Living with Charles are his wife Susannah M. Scott3 (34 Years), his son Charles C. Scott4(8 Years) and his daughter Susannah J. Scott4 (6 Years). All are listed as having been born in St. Pancreas in Middlesex.

• Samuel Wiswould (37 Years) is listed as living at 3A Goldington Crescent in Marylebone in Middlesex employed as a clerk for directors of poor. Living with Samuel was his wife Georgiana F. Wiswould3 (37 Years) and sons Thomas W. Wiswould4 (7 Years) and Henry S. Wiswould4 (5 Years). All are listed as having been born in St. Pancras in Middlesex.

• William Kay is listed as living at 12 Great Coram Street in Bloomsbury in Middlesex employed as a chemist. Living with William is his wife Elizabeth Kay3 (29 Years) who is employed as a dress maker and his daughter Elizabeth Kay4 (2 months). Also living with William is a house servant Caroline Oakes (35 Years).

William is listed as having been born in London in Middlesex, wife Elizabeth3 in St Pancras in Middlesex, daughter Elizabeth4 in Bloomsbury in Middlesex and Caroline in Blackfriars in Middlesex.

• David Crosier3 (25 Years) is listed as living at 64 Upper Seymour Street, Marylebone, in Middlesex employed as a (?) and Decorator. Living with David3 was his wife Henrietta Ann Crosier (24 Years). David3 is listed as having been born in Pancras, Middlesex and Henrietta in South Hayling, Hampshire (Hants).

• James Barton (27 Years) is listed as living at the St. Pancras National School on Southampton St. in Marylebone in Middlesex working as a certified schoolmaster. Living with James is his wife Emma Barton3 (25 Years) and his daughter Emma

Except from Charles Booth's survey into life and labour in London, dating from 1886-1903. http://booth.lse.ac.uk/notebooks/b356/jpg/105.html

Crosier Family 101

A. Barton4 (1 Year). Also living with James is a boarder Rob Rake (14 Years) and a house servant Jenna Johnston (16 Years).

All are listed as having been born in Pancras in Middlesex except for James who was born in Marylebone in Middlesex and Robert in Sturminster in Dorset.

In 1861, Henrietta Crosier3 (David2, David1) was born to David2 and Henrietta Crosier in St. Pancras in London.197

Around 1863, Edward J. Scott4 (Susannah3, David2, Timothy1) was born to Charles and Susannah3 Scott in St. Pancras in Middlesex.198

Around 1863, William Kay4 (Elizabeth3, David2, Timothy1) was born to William and Elizabeth3 Kay in Bloomsbury in London.199

In 1863, James William Barton4 (Emma3, David2, Timothy1) was born to James and Emma Barton in St. Pancras in Middlesex.200

In 1863, Samuel Wiswould died in the district of St. Pancras in Middlesex.201

In 1863, Charles J. Scott died in the district of Wandsworth in Middlesex.202

In 1863, Sarah Rachel Barton4 (Emma3, David2, Timothy1) was born to James and Emma Barton in St. Pancras in Middlesex.203

In 1865, Richard Kay4 (Elizabeth3, David2, Timothy1) was born to William and Elizabeth3 Kay in St. Giles in Middlesex.204

On January 14, 1866, Susannah Crosier3 (David2, David1) was born to David2 and Henrietta Crosier. David2 and Henrietta still reside at 31 Johnson Street and David2 is listed as a House Decorator (Master). 205

197 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 198 1871 English Census 199 1871 English Census 200 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 201 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 202 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 203 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 204 FreeBMD Birth Index 205 1866 Birth Certificate: Susannah Crosier

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advertisement from the Illustrated London News, January 4th 1873

Crosier Family 102

In 1866, Frederick D. Kay4 (Elizabeth3, David2, Timothy1) was born to William and Elizabeth3 Kay in St. Giles in Middlesex.206

On September 21, 1867, David James Crosier3 (David2, David1) was born to David2 and Henrietta Crosier. They were residing at 31 Johnson Street in Somers Town in the Pancras Registration District in the County of Middlesex. David2 is listed as a Decorator (Master).207

206 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 207 1864 Birth Certificate: David James Crosier

Parish Church, St. Pancras

Crosier Family 103

In 1868, Mary Kay4 (Elizabeth3, David2, Timothy1) was born to William and Elizabeth3 Kay in St. Giles in Middlesex.208

1870 In 1870, Edwin Crosier4 (David3, David2, Timothy1) was born to David3 and Henrietta Crosier in St. Pancras in London.209

Around 1870, Charles C. Kay4 (Elizabeth3, David2, Timothy1) was born to William and Elizabeth3 Kay in St. Giles in Middlesex.210

In 1871, Mary Ann Barton4 (Emma3, David2, Timothy1) was born to James and Emma3 Barton in St. Pancras in Middlesex.211

1871 Census (Timothy1)

• Edward Crosier2 (63 Years) is listed as living at 22 Chalton Street in St. Pancras in Middlesex employed as an Oilman. Living with Edward2 was his wife Jane (50 Years) and his son Frederick Crosier3 (18 Years), a plumber.

Edward2 is listed as having been born in Ingatestone, in the borough of Brentwood in Essex, Jane in Charfield in Gloucestershire and Frederick in St. Pancras in Middlesex.

(David2, Timothy1)

• David Crosier3 (34 Years) is listed as living at 71 King Street in Marylebone in London employed as an insurance clerk. Living with David3 is his wife Henrietta Ann Crosier (33 Years), daughters Henrietta A. Crosier4 (9 Years), Susannah Crosier4 (5 Years), sons David Crosier4 (3 Years) and Edwin Crosier4 (1 Year).

All are listed as having been born in St. Pancras in Middlesex except for Henrietta Crosier who was born in South Hayling in Hampshire.

• William Scott (49 Years) is listed as living at 17 Medburn St. in Marylebone in Middlesex employed as an attendant at the British Museum. Living with William was his wife Mary Ann Scott3 (51 Years) and his daughter Mary Ann Scott4 (17 Years).

William is listed as having been born in St. Peters in Kent and Mary Ann3 and Mary Ann4 in Pancras in Marylebone.

• Georgiana F. Wiswould3 (45 Years) is listed as a widow living at 3 Goldington Crescent in Somers Town in Middlesex employed as a cashier at a public bath. Living with Georgiana3 is her son Henry S. Wiswould4 (15 Years) employed as a commercial clerk. Both are listed as having been born in St. Pancras in Middlesex.

208 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 209 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 210 1871 English Census 211 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Crosier Family 104

• Susannah M. Scott3 (44 Years) is listed as widow living at 36 Johnson St. (Grocery) in St. Marylebone in Middlesex employed as a grocer. Living with Susannah are her sons Charles C. Scott 4(17 Years) employed as a collector’s clerk, Edwin J. Scott4 (9 Years) and her daughter Susannah J. Scott4 (16 Years) employed as a machinist. A machinist is defined as one who operates a machine.

All are listed as having been born in St. Pancreas in Middlesex except Edwin4 who was listed as having been born in Bloomsbury in Middlesex.

• William Kay (36 Years) is listed as living at 53 Bernard Street in St. Georges Bloomsbury in Middlesex employed as an outfiller which may be another term for a chemist. Living with William is his wife Elizabeth Kay3 (40 Years), his daughters Elizabeth Kay4 (10 Years), Mary Kay4 (3 Years) and his sons William Kay4 (8 Years), Richard Kay4 (6 Years), Frederick D. Kay4 (4 Years) and Charles C. Kay4 (1 Year). Also living with William is a married visitor Elizabeth Morse (29 Years), a nurse Mary Ann Payne (20 Years), 2 house servants Elizabeth S. Best (16 Years) and Jane Lloyd (29 Years) who is also listed as a lodger.

William is listed as having been born in Cripplegate in Middlesex, wife Elizabeth3 in St Pancras in Middlesex, all of the children in Bloomsbury in Middlesex, Elizabeth Morse and Jane Lloyd in Clerkenwell in Middlesex, Elizabeth Best in Cranford St. in Middlesex and Mary Ann Payne in Moreton in Gloucestershire.

• Robert Whilpton (36 Years) is listed as living at 184 Seymour Street in Somers Town in St. Pancras, Middlesex employed as an oil & colorman (master). Living with Robert is his wife Amelia Whilpton3 (31 Years), his son Robert Whiplton4 (2 Years) and daughter Harriett Whiplton4 (1 Year). Also living with Robert and Amelia3 are Amelia’s mother Susannah Crosier (71 Years) who was born in Poole, Dorset and Amelia’s Sister Sarah Crosier3 (43 Years) a Dressmaker.

Robert is listed as having been born in Lincoln in Lincolnshire, Amelia3 in Somers Town in Middlesex and the rest in St. Pancras in Middlesex.

• James Barton (37 Years) is listed as living at the St. Pancras National School on Southampton St. in Marylebone in Middlesex working as a certified schoolmaster. Living with James is his wife Emma Barton3 (38 Years) and his daughters Annie E. Barton4 (11 Year), Sarah R. Barton4 (6 Years), Mary Barton4 (7 Months) and his son James W. Barton4 (9 Years). Also living with James is a house servant Mary A. Warren (14 Years).

All are listed as having been born in Pancras in Middlesex except for James and Mary Warren who were born in Marylebone in Middlesex.

(Georgiana3, David2, Timothy1)

• Thomas Wiswould4 is listed as living at Wood Street Meel-23 in Cripplegate (within) in Middlesex employed as a commercial clerk. This seems to be a warehouse complex because this building contains one (1) housekeeper and 16 clerks. There are several adjacent buildings with similar configurations.

On May 15, 1871, David Crosier3 (35 Years) died after 5 days of Bronchitis. He died at 71 Kings Street in Camdentown in the Pancras Registration District in the county of

Crosier Family 105

Middlesex. Sarah Crosier is listed as being present at the time of his death. David3 is now listed as an Insurance Clerk.212

In 1872, Edwin Crosier4 (2 Years) died on Portsea Island in Hampshire.213

The closeness of the deaths of father and son makes it possible that the deaths were related somehow.

In 1872, Susannah Crosier (72 Years) died in St. Pancras, Middlesex.214

On February 17, 1874, Henrietta Ann Crosier (35 Years) married Frederick John McRill (30 Years), son of William Nelson McRill, a proctors clerk, at All Saints Church in the parish of Portsea, in the county of Southampton. Frederick John McRill, a bachelor, was listed as a Gunner in the Royal Marine Artillery. Both Frederick and Henrietta were listed as living in Eastney.215

In 1876, Frederick James Crosier3 married Rosetta Jane Silverton in the district of Pancras in Middlesex.216

In 1876, Emma Barton3 died in the district of Pancras in Middlesex.217

Around 1876, Ralph Kay4 (Elizabeth3, David2, Timothy1) was born to William and Elizabeth3 Kay in St. Giles in Middlesex.218

In 1878, Henry Samuel Wiswould4 married Mary Honour in the district of Pancras in Middlesex.219

In 1878, Florence Jane Crosier4 (Frederick3, Edward2, Timothy1) was born to Frederick3 and Rosetta Crosier in the district of St. Pancras in Middlesex.220

In 1879, Thomas W. Wiswould4 married Annie March in the district of Pancras in Middlesex.221

In 1879, Charles Crosier Scott4 married Alice Margaret Maylard in the district of Hackney in Middlesex.222

1880 Around 1880, Eleanor M. Scott5 (Charles4, Susannah3, David2, Timothy1) was born to Charles C. 4 and Alice M. Scott in Paddington in Middlesex.223

In 1881, Elizabeth Rosetta Crosier4 (Frederick3, Edward2, Timothy1) was born to

212 1871 Death Certificate: David Crosier 213 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 214 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 215 Marriage Certificate 1971 McRill, Crosier 216 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 217 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 218 1871 English Census 219 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 220 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 221 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 222 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 223 1881 English Census

Crosier Family 106

The establishment has just been erected in the New-road, opposite Lisson-grove, and immediately adjoining the District County Court. The design consists of one façade, in the Italian style, with rusticated stone basement; the upper story being of red brick, with stone quoins and window-dressings, cornice, &c. The whole has a frontage of about 160 feet, of which the Baths and Wash-houses have 100 feet, with a depth of about 230 feet, and are arranged in four departments, with separate entrances for the different classes and sexes. The front building comprises the check-clerks' offices and waiting-rooms, with the superintendent's dwelling-rooms over; together with a board-room and other conveniences. There are 107 separate baths - 24 of the first class, and 57 of the second class, for men; 6 of the first class, and 20 of the second class, for women: the charges for a hot bath being 2d. and 6d., and for a cold bath 1d. and 3d., In each class respectively, each supplied with clean towels, looking-glass, and other suitable conveniences. There is also, in each class, a vapour and shower bath. There are likewise two large swimming baths, with a constant supply of tepid water, and dressing-boxes arranged around for first and second class bathers.

The Wash-houses are not quite completed; they will contain 89 separate pairs of wash-tubs and boilers, supplied with hot and cold water, and with a drying-closet to each compartment, and arranged in two classes. There is also a large ironing room, plentifully supplied with hot irons. The whole establishment is spacious, well lighted, and ventilated by means of a lofty shaft (seen in our View), which also makes a good feature in the general effect of the building; and will, when completed, accommodate 5000 persons daily. It does great credit to the skill and ingenuity of the architect, Mr. C. Eales, under whose direction the whole has been executed; and bears testimony to the public spirit of the Vestry in adopting the Act of Parliament and carrying it out so liberally - the cost being about £20,000, including the freehold site.

Illustrated London News, January 12, 1850

Crosier Family 107

Frederick3 and Rosetta Crosier in the district of St. Pancras in Middlesex.224

In 1881, William Kay4 died in Uxbridge in Middlesex.225

1881 Census (David2, Timothy1)

• Georgiana F. Wiswould3 (57 Years) is listed as a widow living at 3 Goldington Crescent in Somers Town in Middlesex employed as a cashier at a public bath. She is listed as having been born in St. Pancras in Middlesex.

• William Scott (59 Years) is listed as living at 18 Medburn St. in Marylebone in Middlesex employed as an attendant at the British Museum. Living with William was his wife Mary Ann Scott3 (61 Years) and his daughter Mary Ann Scott4 (27 Years).

William is listed as having been born in Margate in Kent and Mary Ann3 and Mary Ann4 in Pancras in Marylebone.

(David2, Timothy1)

• Henrietta McRill (42 Years) is listed as living at 4 Eastney View in the civil parish of Portsea, in the Municipal Borough of Portsmouth shown as the wife of an RMA Corporal. Living with Henrietta is her daughters Susannah Crosier4 (15 years), Ada McRill (3 Years), Nora McRill (1 Year) and sons David Crosier4 (13 Years) and William McRill (5 Years). Also living with her is Ann Hoar (e), (79 Years) Farmers Widow, and Fred Hoare (28 Years), her grandson, a farmer laborer.

Henrietta, Ann and Fred are shown as being born in Haylix Island near Portsmouth, Hampshire (Hants), Susannah and David in St. Pancras in Middlesex, and William, Ada and Nora in Eastney, Hampshire (Hants).226

• Robert Whiplton (45 Years) is listed as living at 57 Wing Street in St. Stephens Parish, Marylebone in Middlesex employed as a carpenter. Living with Robert is his wife Amelia Whilpton3 (40 Years), his son Robert Whiplton4 (12 Years) and daughters Harriett Whiplton4 (11 Year) and Susannah Whiplton4 (9 Years). Also living with Robert is Amelia3’s sister Sarah Crosier3 (53 Years), a Dressmaker.

Robert is listed as having been born in Lincoln in Lincolnshire, Amelia3 in Somers Town in Middlesex, and the rest in Pancras in Middlesex.

• William Kay (46 Years) is listed as living at 1 Hayes Bridge House in Norwood in Middlesex listed as a retired chemist. Living with William is his wife Elizabeth Kay3 (46 Years), his daughters Elizabeth Kay4 (20 Years), Mary Kay4 (13 Years) and his sons, Richard Kay4 (16 Years) who is employed as a stockbroker’s clerk,

224 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 225 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 226 1880 Census: Portsea, Portsmouth 122 Page 15.

Crosier Family 108

Frederick D. Kay4 (14 Years) Charles C. Kay4 (11 Year) and Ralph Kay (5 Years).

William is listed as having been born in Cripplegate in Middlesex, wife Elizabeth3 in St Pancras in Middlesex, Elizabeth4, Richard4 and Frederick4 in Bloomsbury in Middlesex, and Mary4, Charles4 and Ralph4 in London in Middlesex.

(Susannah3, David2, Timothy1)

• Charles C. Scott4 (27 Years) is listed as living at 23 Buckingham Road in Hackney in Middlesex employed as a commercial clerk. Living with Charles4 is his wife Alice M. Scott (27 Years) and his daughter Eleanor M. Scott5 (11 months). Charles4 is listed as having been born in St. Pancras, Middlesex, Alice in St. Lukes in Middlesex and Eleanor5 in Paddington in Middlesex.

(Georgiana3, David2, Timothy1)

• Thomas W. Wiswould4 (26 Years) is listed as living at 67 Great College Street in Marylebone in Middlesex employed as a commercial clerk. Living with Thomas4 is his wife Annie Wiswould (24 Years). Thomas4 is listed as having been born in Pancras in Middlesex and Annie in Westminster in Middlesex.

• Henry S. Wiswould4 (25 Years) is listed as living at 90 Charrington Street in Marylebone in Middlesex employed as a dealer in works of art. Living with Henry4 is his wife Mary Wiswould (26 Years). Both are listed as having been born in St. Pancras in Middlesex.

(David2, Timothy1)

• James Barton (47 Years) is listed as living at the St. Pancras Boys and Girls School on Lansing St. in Marylebone in Middlesex working as an elementary teacher. Living with James is his wife Hannah Barton (46 Years) employed as an elementary teacher and his daughter Sarah R. Barton4 (16 Year) employed as a pupil teacher and his son James W. Barton4 (18 Years). Also living with James is a house servant Jane Jamieson Johnston (64 Years).

All are listed as having been born in Pancras in Middlesex except for James who was born in Marylebone in Middlesex and Jane in Scotland.

(Edward2, Timothy1)

• Frederick J. Crosier3 (28 Years) is listed as living at 25 Chalton Street in Marylebone in Middlesex working as an oil and color man. A color man is defined as a person who mixes the dyes for the textile trade or an assistant to a house painter. Living with Frederick was his wife Rosetta J. Crosier (27 Years) and his daughters Florence J. Crosier4 (3 Years) and Elizabeth R. Crosier4 (2 months). All are listed as having been born in Pancras in Middlesex except for Rosetta who is listed as having been born in Marylebone in Middlesex.

(Emma3, David2, Timothy1)

• Emma A. Barton4 (21 Years) is listed as living at 105 & 107 Newington Green Road in Islington in Middlesex employed as a draper’s cashier for William H.

Crosier Family 109

Ward, draper. A draper is defined as a dealer in fabrics and sewing needs cotton, linen and woolen or a dealer in dry goods. Emma is 1 of 9 employees working for the draper. Emm4a is listed as having been born in Pancras in Middlesex.

In 1881, Nora Isabella McRill (1 Year) died in Portsea, Hampshire.227

In 1881, Jane Newbury Crosier4 (Frederick3, Edward2, Timothy1) was born to Frederick3 and Rosetta Crosier in the district of St. Pancras in Middlesex.228

The 1891 English Census lists Jane D. Crosier but the index shows a Jane Newbury Crosier as being the only Jane Crosier being born in the Pancras district in 1883. Since her grandmother was a Jane Newbury, the error is likely to be on the census but only the birth certificate will confirm it.

In 1884, Henry Samuel Wiswould4 (28 Years) died in the district of St. Pancras in Middlesex.229

In 1885, Thomas Walter Wiswould4 (30 Years) died in the district of St. Pancras in Middlesex.230

The fact that two brothers died within a year of each other at such a young age is definitely a curiosity. The death certificates will list the cause of death which may shed some light on this mystery.

In 1885, William Henry Crosier4 (Frederick3, Edward2, Timothy1) was born to Frederick3 and Rosetta Crosier in the district of St. Pancras in Middlesex.231

In 1885, Frederick James Crosier4 (Frederick3, Edward2, Timothy1) was born to

227 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 228 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 229 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 230 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 231 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

2 August 1880: Education becomes compulsory for children under ten Although WE Forster's act of 1870 had greatly expanded education opportunities, and an act passed in Benjamin Disraeli's government of 1876 had set up school attendance committees, significant gaps remained. AJ Mundella introduced a bill on behalf of William Gladstone's Liberal government which made school attendance compulsory from ages five to 10. State expenditure on education, about £1.25 million a year in 1870, rose to £4 million, and would reach £12 million by the end of Victoria's reign.

Crosier Family 110

Frederick3 and Rosetta Crosier in the district of St. Pancras in Middlesex.232

1890

1891 Census (David2, Timothy1)

• William Scott (69 Years) is listed as living at 18 Medburn St. in Marylebone in Middlesex employed as a Museum attendant. Living with William was his wife Mary Ann Scott3 (71 Years) and his daughter Mary Ann Scott4 (37 Years).

William is listed as having been born in Margate in Kent and Mary Ann3 and Mary Ann4 in Pancras in Marylebone.

• James Barton (56 Years) is listed as living at the St. Pancras National Schoolmaster’s house on Lansing St. in Marylebone in Middlesex employed as a certified teacher. Living with James is his wife Hannah Barton (56 Years) employed as a certified teacher and his daughter Ann Barton4 (30 Years) employed as a clerk and his son James W. Barton4 (28 Years) also employed as a clerk. Also living with James is a house servant Ellen Weston (24 Years).

James Barton is listed as having been born in Marylebone in London, Hannah in London City, Ann and James W. in Pancras in London and Ellen in Aberdare in London.

• William Kay (56 Years) is listed as living at 18 Forest Drive in Leyton in Essex listed as a retired chemist. Living with William is his wife Elizabeth Kay3 (59 Years), his son Richard Kay4 (26 Years) who is employed as a stockbroker’s clerk, and a servant Charlotte Grey (20 Years).

• William is listed as having been born in Cripplegate in Middlesex, wife Elizabeth3 in St Pancras in Middlesex, Richard4 in Bloomsbury in Middlesex, and Charlotte in Hitchin in Hertfordshire.

• Frederick McRill (47 Years) is listed as living in Lambeth in London employed as a stock clerk. Living with Frederick is his wife Henrietta McRill (52 Years), stepdaughters Henrietta Crosier4 (29 Years), dressmaker, Susannah Crosier4 (25 Years) and a stepson David James Crosier 4 (23 Years), an Engineering Tool Maker, son William McRill (15 Years) a Cheese Mongers Assistant and daughter Ada McRill (13 Years).

Frederick is listed as having been born in London City, Henrietta in Haylix Island in Hampshire (Hants), Henrietta, Susannah and David in St. Pancras in Middlesex, William and Ada in Eastney, Hampshire (Hants).

(Susannah3, David2, Timothy1)

• Alice M. Scott (37 Years) is shown as a widow living as a boarder at 5 Woodville Rd in Islington in Middlesex employed as a drapery saleswoman. Living with Alice is her daughter Eleanor Scott5 (10 Years). Alice is listed as having been born in Islington in Middlesex and Eleanor5 in Marylebone in Middlesex.

232 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Crosier Family 111

(Georgiana3, David2, Timothy1)

• Mary Wiswould (37 Years) is listed as a widow living at 72 Southampton Street in Reading in the county of Reading employed as a housekeeper for William H. Kidgell, a tax collector. Mary is listed as having been born in Marylebone in London.

(Edward2, Timothy1)

Frederick J. Crosier3 (39 Years) is listed as living at 1 Equity Buildings in St Pancras in Middlesex working as an plumber and painter. Living with Frederick was his wife Rosetta J. Crosier (37 Years), his daughters Florence J. Crosier4 (13 Years), Elizabeth R. Crosier4 (10 Years), Jane D. Crosier4 (7 Years) and sons William H. Crosier4 (7 Years), Frederick J. Crosier4 (1 Years). All are listed as having been born in Pancras in Middlesex except for Rosetta who is listed as having been born in Marylebone in Middlesex.

In 1893, Georgiana Francis Wiswould3 died in the district of St. Pancreas in Middlesex.233

In 1894, Freddie (probably Frederick) Crosier4 (David3, David2, Timothy1) was born to David3 and Annie Crosier in Kings Cross in Camden Town in London.

In 1895, Susannah Jane Whelpton4 (23 Years) married Charles Herbert Coulson in Islington, Middlesex.234

In 1895, Mary Ann Scott3 died in the district of St. Pancras in Middlesex.235

In 1896, Richard Kay4 married Eliza Fanny Sheppard in Wandsworth in Surrey.236

In 1896, William James Crosier4 (David3, David2, Timothy1) was born to David3 and Annie Crosier in Edmonton in Middlesex.

In 1897, Frederick James Crosier3 died in the district of St. Pancras in Middlesex.237

In 1898, Alice Mary S. Kay5 (Richard4, Elizabeth3, David2, Timothy1) was born to William and Elizabeth3 Kay in St. Giles in Middlesex.238

1900 In 1900, Florence Jane Crosier4 married John William Bone in the district of Pancras in Middlesex.239

1901 Census

(David2, Timothy1)

• Frederick McRill (57 Years) is listed as living at 65 Treherne Road in the Lambeth in London employed as a stationary clerk for the Army and Navy Stores.

233 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 234 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 235 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 236 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 237 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 238 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 239 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Crosier Family 112

Frederick is listed as having been born in London City. Living with Frederick is his wife Henrietta McRill (61 Years), son William McRill (25 Years), who is listed as an army corporal and as a widower and daughter Ada McRill (23 Years) who is listed as a stationary store assistant.

Frederick is listed as having been born in London City, Henrietta in Hayling Island in Hampshire (Hants), William and Ada in Portsmouth, Hampshire (Hants).

• James Barton (65 Years) is listed as living at the St. Pancras School on Lansing St. in Marylebone in Middlesex employed as the head teacher (certificated master). Living with James is his wife Hannah Barton (65 Years) employed as the head mistress (certificated). James Barton is listed as having been born in Marylebone in London and Hannah in London City.

• Elizabeth Kay3 (70 Years) is listed as living at 49 Queens Road in Leyton in Essex. Living with Elizabeth3 is her sons Frederick Kay4 (34 Years) and Ralph Kay4 (25 Years) who are both employed as stockbroker’s clerks, and a servant Amy Leyes (21 Years).

Elizabeth3 is listed as having been born in St Pancras in Middlesex, Frederick4 in Bloomsbury in Middlesex, Ralph4 in West Drayton in Middlesex and Amy in West Ham in Essex.

• William Scott (79 Years) is listed as living at 19 Leighton Crescent in St. Pancras in Middlesex as a retired attendant for the British Museum (Civil Service). Living with William was his daughter Mary Ann Scott4 (47 Years).

William is listed as having been born in Margate in Kent and Mary Ann4 in Pancras in Marylebone.

• Robert Wheplton (64 Years) was living at 49 Rochester Road, East St. Pancras, Middlesex and a widower. He is listed an employer at Scott’s Emulsion Factory. He is shown as being born in Lincoln.

Living with Robert was his daughter Amelia H. Wheplton4 (31 Years), a dressmaker, his daughter Susan J. Coulson4 (29 Years) who is listed as married, and his grandson Charles H. Coulson5 (5 Years). Amelia4 and Susan4 are shown as being born in Easton Square, London and Charles4 was born in Highbury, London.

(Edward2, Timothy1)

• Rosetta J. Crosier (49 Years) is listed as living at 27 Sidney Street in Somers Town in Middlesex working as a charwoman. Living with Rosetta was her daughters Elizabeth R. Crosier4 (20 Years), Jane Crosier4 (17 Years) both employed as tailors and sons William Crosier4 (15 Years) employed as a Vanguard, Frederick Crosier4 (11 Years) and Thomas Crosier (9 Years). A vanguard is defined as a guard on a train.

All are listed as having been born in Pancras in Middlesex except for Rosetta who is listed as having been born in Marylebone in Middlesex.

Crosier Family 113

(Susannah3, David2, Timothy1)

• Alice M. Scott (47 Years) is shown as a widow living at 48 Stroud Green Road in Hornsey in Middlesex employed as a glover’s assistant. A glover is someone who makes gloves. Living with Alice is her daughter Eleanor Scott5 (20 Years) who was employed as a music teacher. Both are listed as having been born in London.

(David3, David2, Timothy1)

• David Crosier3 (33 Years) is listed as living at 125 Amity Road in West Ham in Essex employed as a mechanical engineer. Living with David3 is his wife Annie Crosier (28 Years) and his sons Freddie Crosier4 (6 Years) and Willie Crosier4 (4 Years).

David is listed as having been born in Camden Town in London, Annie in Westminster in London, Freddie in Kings Cross in London, and Willie in Enfield in Middlesex.

(Amelia3, David2, Timothy1)

• Charles H. Coulson (30 Years) is shown as a boarder at 81 Mill Road, Peter’s Field in Cambridge. Robert is shown as a Church Organ Builder and having been born in Islington, London and as being married. The head of the house was a widow, Sarah A. Hancock (60 Years) and her daughter Elizabeth J. Hancock.

(Frederick3 ,Edward2, Timothy1)

• John W. Bone is listed as living at 38 Great Titchfield Street in Marylebone in Middlesex employed as a portmanteau maker. A portmanteau maker is a person who makes leather trunks for clothes etc., which opens into two equal parts. Living with John was his wife Florence J. Bone4 (23 Years). John is listed as having been born in Bloomsbury in London and Florence4 in St. Pancreas in London.

(Elizabeth3, David2, Timothy1)

• Richard Kay4 (35 Years) was listed as living at 23 Poppleton Road in Leyton in Essex employed as a stock jobber or agent. A jobber is defined as a person who buys in quantity to sell to others. Living with Richard4 was his wife Eliza F. Kay (28 Years) and his daughter Alice M. S. Kay5 (3 Years).

Richard4 is listed as having been born in Bloombury in London, Eliza in Runhead in Surrey and Alice5 in Leytonstone in Essex.

Crosier Family 114

Nuisances. — A few of the desagremens to which metropolitan flesh is heir have been legally settled to be “nuisances”. (a) THE FOLLOWING WILL be summarily suppressed on appeal to the nearest police-constable:

• Abusive language; Advertisements, carriage of (except in form approved); Areas left open without sufficient fence.

• Baiting animals; Betting in streets; Bonfires in Streets; Books, obscene, selling in streets.

• Carpet-beating; Carriage, obstruction by; Cattle, careless driving of; Coals, unloading, between prohibited hours; Cock-fighting; Crossings in streets, obstructing.

• Defacing buildings; Deposit of goods in streets ; Dogs loose or mad; Doors, knocking at; Drunk and disorderly persons; Dust, removal of, between 10 am, and 7 p.m.

• Exercising horses to annoyance of persons; Exposing goods for sale in parks. Firearms, discharging; Fireworks, throwing in streets; Footways, obstructions on; Footways unswept; Furious driving; Furniture, fraudulent removal of between 8p.m. and 6 am,

• Games, playing in streets. • Indecent exposure. • Lamps, extinguishing. • Mat-shaking after 8 a.m; Musicians in streets. • Obscene singing; Offensive matters, removal of, between 6 am. and 12 night. • Posting bills without consent; projections from houses to cause annoyance. • Reins, persons driving without; Ringing door bells without excuse; Rubbish lying in

thoroughfare. • Slides, making in streets; Stone-throwing. • Unlicensed public carriage.

(b) THE FOLLOWING WILL require an application to the police-courts:

• Cesspools, foul. • Dead body, infectious, retained in room where persons live; Disease, person suffering

from infectious, riding in public carriage, or exposing himself, or being without proper accommodation; Disorderly houses; Drains, foul.

• Factory, unclean or overcrowded. Furnace in manufactory not consuming its own smoke; Food unfit for consumption, exposing.

• Gaming houses. • House filthy or injurious to health. • Infected bedding or clothes, sale of. • Letting infected house or room; Lotteries. • Manufactures (making sulphuric acid, steeping skins, &c.); Manure, non-removal of;

Milk, exposing, unfit for consumption. • Obstructions in highways, bridges, or rivers; Overcrowding of house. • Powder magazine, or keeping too large a quantity. • Theatres, unlicensed; Trades, offensive (keeping pigs, soap-house, slaughter-house, or

manufactures in trade causing effluvia, &c.). • Want of reparation of highway; Warehousing inflammable materials; Water-fouling or

ll ti

Crosier Family 115

c) THE FOLLOWING WILL require a summons in the County Court: Any of those nuisances next-mentioned where the value or the rent of the premises in dispute, or in respect of which and over which the easement is claimed, shall not exceed £20 per annum; or where damages in a personal action not exceeding £50 are sought to be recovered, unless by consent of both parties.

(d) THE FOLLOWING WILL require a regular action at law:

• Buildings from which water falls on to another house. • Commons, injury to soil, digging turf, injuring pasture. • Drainage, interruption of. • Encroachments on highways, rivers, streets, or squares. • Gas Company fouling any stream. • Lights, obstruction of. • Party wall, paring off part of; Publication of injurious advertisements. • Rivers, pulling down banks of; Right of way, interruption of. • Sewage, conducting, into river; Stream, pollution or diversion of.

(e) THE FOLLOWING HAVE NOT been definitely settled either way, but may, under certain circumstances, be worth the cost and trouble of a trial:

• Church bell-ringing • Hospital, infectious. • Manufactory, near house, introducing more noisy machinery, or new way of working

it; Music, powerful band near house. • Rifle practice; Rockets or fireworks, letting off, frequently. • Sewage contributed by several persons, amount contributed by each not being

sufficient to cause a nuisance.

Charles Dickens (Jr.), Dickens's Dictionary of London, 1879

Foreman Family 116

Foreman Bapt. ‘the son of Forman.’ One of many varieties of the once common

Farman or Firmin, g.v. This surname has nothing to do with the oppupative term ‘foreman’ or ‘gaffer’.240

1690

Around 1690, Thomas Foreman1 was born in Suffolk.241

Around 1690, Sara Simkin was born in Wickhambrook, Suffolk.242

1710 27 December 1711, Thomas Foreman1 (Abt 21 Years) married Sara Simkin (Abt 21 Years) in Wickhambrook, Suffolk.243

On 12 June 1712, Sarah Foreman2 (Thomas1) was born to Thomas1 and Sara Foreman in Cowlinge, Suffolk.244

Around 1713, Mary Foreman2 (Thomas1) was born to Thomas1 and Sara Foreman in Cowlinge, Suffolk.245

240 A Dictionary Of English & Welsh Surnames 241 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 242 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 243 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Megalley 244 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 245 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman

13 February 1689: William and Mary are formally proclaimed king and queen In the wake of James II's flight to exile, many felt that William and his wife Mary (James II's daughter) should be termed 'regents', rather than monarchs in their own right, because the former king was still alive. William was not prepared to accept this, and on 6 February 1689 the House of Lords at last conceded the point. The formal declaration of William and Mary as king and queen took place a week later. This became known as the 'Glorious Revolution'.

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http://www.cowlinge.suffolk.gov.uk/

On 26 June 1715, Thomas Foreman2 (Thomas1) was born to Thomas1 and Sara Foreman in Cowlinge, Suffolk. 246

On 9 November 1716, James Foreman2 (Thomas1) was born to Thomas1 and Sara Foreman in Cowlinge, Suffolk.247

Around 1717, Lettice Foreman2 (Thomas1) was born to Thomas1 and Sara Foreman in Cowlinge, Suffolk.248

Around 1718, Rebeckah Foreman2 (Thomas1) was born to Thomas1 and Sara Foreman in Cowlinge, Suffolk.249

1720 On 31 December 1720, Danel Foreman2 (Thomas1) was born to Thomas1 and Sara Foreman in Cowlinge, Suffolk.250

On 26 August 1722, Samuel Foreman2 (Thomas1) was born to Thomas1 and Sara Foreman in Cowlinge, Suffolk.251

On 19 June 1724, Honour Foreman2 (Thomas1) was born to Thomas1 and Sara Foreman in Cowlinge, Suffolk.252

On 29 June 1725, John Foreman2 (Thomas1) was born to Thomas1 and Sara Foreman in Cowlinge, Suffolk.253

On 31 July 1726, Francis Foreman2 (Thomas1) was born to Thomas1 and Sara Foreman in Cowlinge, Suffolk.254

On 14 July 1728, Anne Foreman2 (Thomas1) was born to Thomas1 and Sara Foreman in Cowlinge, Suffolk.255

On 24 June 1729, Thomas Foreman1 died.256

1730 Around 1737, Mary Foreman2 married John Helder in Cowlinge, Suffolk.257

246 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 247 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 248 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 249 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 250 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 251 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 252 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 253 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 254 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 255 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by A H Foreman 256 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Ray Hutchinson 257 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Anthony Foreman

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Around 1738, Rebeckah Foreman2 (Thomas1) died at 20 years old in Cowlinge, Suffolk.258

1740 On 7 April 1740, James Foreman2 (Abt 24 Years) married Mary Cutts (Abt 24 Years) in Cowlinge, Suffolk.259

Around 1740, James Foreman3 (James2, Thomas1) was born to James2 and Mary Foreman in Kirtling, Cambridge.260

Around 1742, John Foreman3 (James2, Thomas1) was born to James2 and Mary Foreman in Kirtling, Cambridge.261

Before 1744, Thomas Foreman2 married Mary (?).262

Around 1744, Susan Foreman3 (Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Thomas and Mary Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.263

Around 1744, Francis Foreman2 married Thomas How (Abt 18 Years) in Cowlinge, Suffolk. 264

Around 1747, Mary Foreman3 (James2, Thomas1) was born to James2 and Mary Foreman in Kirtling, Cambridge.265

Around 1749, Issac Foreman3 (Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Thomas and Mary Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.266 258 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 259 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 260 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 261 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 262 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 263 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 264 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by A H Foreman 265 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman

Hartest Green

http://www.hartest.com/

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Around 1749, Thomas Foreman3 (James2, Thomas1) was born to James2 and Mary Foreman in Kirtling, Cambridge.267

On 18 September 1748, Honour Foreman2 married James Pettitt in Cheveley, Cambridge.268

1750 Around 1751, James Foreman3 (James2, Thomas1) was born to James2 and Mary Foreman in Kirtling, Cambridge.269

Around 1744, Mary Foreman3 (Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Thomas and Mary Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.270

Around 1754, Rebecca Foreman3 (James2, Thomas1) was born to James2 and Mary Foreman in Kirtling, Cambridge.271

Around 1754, John Foreman3 (Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Thomas2 and Mary Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.272

Around 1757, Richard Foreman3 (James2, Thomas1) was born to James2 and Mary Foreman in Kirtling, Cambridge.273 266 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 267 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 268 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 269 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 270 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 271 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 272 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman

http://www.kirtlingandupend.org.uk/html/historic_photos_of_kirtling.html

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Around 1759, Ann Foreman3 (James2, Thomas1) was born to James2 and Mary Foreman in Kirtling, Cambridge.274

1760 Around 1766, Susan Foreman3 (Abt 22 Years) married John Jackson in Hartest, Suffolk.275

1770 Around 1771, James Foreman3 (Abt 20 Years) married Rachel Fryar (Abt 21 Years) in Cheveley, Cambridge.276

Around 1771, Robert Foreman4 (James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to James3 and Rachel Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.277

Around 1773, Elisabeth Foreman4 (James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to James3 and Rachel Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.278

On 18 April 1773, Elisabeth Foreman4 was bapitized in Ceverley Cambridge.279

Around 1774, William Foreman4 (James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to James3 and Rachel Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.280

On 30 December 1774, William Foreman4 was baptized in Cheveley, Cambridge.281

Around 1775, Ann Foreman4 (James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to James3 and Rachel Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.282 273 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 274 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 275 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by A H Foreman 276 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 277 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 278 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 279 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 280 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 281 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman

May 1756: Seven Years' War between Britain and France begins The war between Britain and France that began in May 1756 is arguably the first global war in modern history. Britain and her allies fought France in America, India and Europe. France forged alliances with Austria and Russia against Prussia. In 1762, Spain entered the war on the side of France. Britain emerged from the war victorious in 1763, and under the Treaty of Paris acquired Quebec, Florida, Minorca, large parts of India and the West Indies.

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Around 1777, Ann Foreman4 (James3, James2, Thomas1) died in Cheveley, Cambridge.283

Around 1778, Ann Foreman4 (James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to James3 and Rachel Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.284

On 12 April 1778, Ann Foreman4 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.285

1780 Around 1780, Francis Foreman4 (James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to James3 and Rachel Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.286

On 26 March 1780, Francis Foreman4 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.287

Around 1781, John Foreman3 (Abt 27 Years) married Elizabeth Lister.288

282 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 283 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 284 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 285 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 286 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 287 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 288 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman

Hartest Hill

http://www.hartest.com/images/Hartestlhill271205.jpg

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Around 1781, Richard Foreman4 (James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to James3 and Rachel Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.289

On 23 September 1781, Richard Foreman4 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.290

On 11 March 1782, Elizabeth Foreman4 (John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to John3 and Elizabeth Foreman.291

Around 1783, Jeremiah Foreman4 (James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to James3 and Rachel Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.292

Around 1783, John Foreman4 (John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to John3 and Elizabeth Foreman in Wickhambrook, Cambridge.293

On May 29, 1785, Thomas Foreman4 (James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to James and Rachel Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.294

On 7 February 1786, Thomas Foreman4 (John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to John3 and Elizabeth Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.295

Around 1787, Rachel Foreman4 (James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to James and Rachel Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.296

On 12 September 1787, James Foreman2 (Thomas1) died at 71 Years old in Kirtling, Cambridge.297

289 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 290 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 291 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 292 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 293 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 294 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 295 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 296 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman

13 May 1787: First fleet of convicts sails to Australia Since 1718, Britain had transported convicts to its North American colonies, until this was ended by the American War of Independence. On 13 May 1787, penal transportation resumed with a fleet of convict ships setting out from Portsmouth for Botany Bay. This marked the beginning of transportation to Australia. Between 1787 and 1868, when transportation was abolished, over 150,000 felons were exiled to New South Wales, Van Diemen's Land and Western Australia.

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On 24 January 1788, Isacc Foreman4 (John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to John3 and Elizabeth Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.298

Around 1789, John Fryar Foreman4 (James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to James and Rachel Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.299

1790 On 18 June 1790, James Foreman4 (John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to John3 and Elizabeth Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.300

On 4 July 1792, William Foreman4 (John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to John3 and Elizabeth Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.301

On March 12, 1798, William Foreman4 (24 Years) married Elizabeth Wright (Abt 23 Years) in Cheveley, Cambridge.302

Around 1798, John Foreman5 (William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to William4 and Elizabeth Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.303

297 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 298 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 299 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 300 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 301 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 302 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 303 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman

1 January 1801: Act of Union creates the United Kingdom Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and Ireland were formally joined under the Act of Union to create the United Kingdom in 1801. The Irish parliament in Dublin was dissolved. Despite the Union, Catholics were still unable to vote at general elections or to hold parliamentary and most public offices.

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Agriculture and the Labourer

Introduction

The soil in Cambridgeshire generally is fertile, corn has been raised in the uplands as well as in the lowlands, and there has been grazing in the latter. The produce has consisted of wheat (the Burwell wheat having a high reputation as seed), and other corn crops, cattle, sheep, Cottenham cheese, the production of which has diminished, butter, fruit, hay, coleseed, osiers, cabbages, beans, potatoes, asparagus from Ely, reeds for thatching, chalk, lime and turf for fuel (which was much used); mangold wurtzel and carrots were grown in large quantities on the fen lands; the produce was chiefly sent to London from the ports of Lynn, Ely and Wisbech, and from Cambridge and other towns by railway. In the Cottenham and Willingham districts and around Wisbech much fruit was grown, especially strawberries, gooseberries, apples and plums, and sent to London and Manchester markets.

Land Reclamation

The northern part of the county, including the Isle of Ely, is for the most part fen land, and comprises nearly half of the Great Level of the Fens, called the Bedford Level, which covers in all 680,000 acres of rich land; the remainder of it is in Norfolk, Lincoln and Hunts; this area, which was drained in the first instance by Sir Cornelius Vermuyden, a Dutchman, about the year 1629, and subsequently reclaimed and drained by successive engineers, is still only preserved by great care and watchfulness; in place of hedges the fields are separated by ditches which communicate with wider cuttings, and these again flow into the natural water-courses of rivers, which carry off the drainage; steam engines have largely taken the place of windmills for pumping the water from ditches into larger drains, and these are provided with sluices to regulate the supply of water for navigation, as the great drains are used as canals; in parts provision is made for excess water in rainy weather by what are known as washlands, notably those some 20 miles in length from Earith (Hunts), across Cambridgeshire, to Denver sluice (Norfolk), situated between the Hundred-feet (or New Bedford river), constructed after 1649, on the south and the Old Bedford river (dating from 1630) on the north : these washlands are flooded when the upland

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waters come down too fast to be discharged by the rivers and cover about 5,000 acres, affording rich pasture land. Sedge-cutting was one of the industries, and at certain seasons the gathering of the couch-grass (Triticum Repeus), which grew abundantly; in latter years a large acreage was devoted to potato growing which afforded considerable employment.

Much of the fen drainage of the 16th & 17th Century (as opposed to Roman drainage works) followed changes in the ownership of the land during the Reformation with larger estates such as those owned by the church being broken into smaller holdings . In turn this led to more demands for land and the draining of the fens. For example many areas such as those around Soham in the Isle of Ely had been communities isolated by the Fens until the drainage systems of the Bedford Levels and the main Denver Sluice began to reclaim more land for agriculture whereas the fenland had previously supported grazing animals in the main. This in turn created the need for labour. The mills and drains of the areas were maintained in later years by drainage commissions with officers drawn from the landowners adjacent to the drains (or dykes). The Cambridge Record Office has material on the Commissions. The pattern was similar with other areas adjoining the Wash.

Agricultural Employment

The majority of the population of England were employed Agricultural Labourers before the Industrial Revolution. Agricultural work provided many different types of employment for labourers but they could be categorised into groups:

Those labourers who worked for a particular farmer, and who stayed on the same farm or estate for long periods of time often all their working lives. Frequently, they were born on the farm in a tied cottage (belonging to a particular farm), and never left, the house being passed on to the son on the death of the labourer. These labourers tended to become the 'elite' of the class because they had (relative) stability of employment, and because of their permanency and great knowledge of the farm and its workings could rise from mere farmhands to become more valued farm workers, with tasks such as herdsmen or ploughmen. Their families were born and raised there, and from an early age both sons and daughters would work on the farm, initially as bird scarers, gleaners after the harvest, cow boys and similar. As they grew up they would enter the more 'advanced' jobs, and the women would go into the dairies, the house itself and the tasks such as butter-

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making and looking after vegetable and fruit plots. This was not always the case but was common practice.

It is worth emphasising that the work wasn't contracted in the modern sense; there was absolutely no guarantee of employment. If the farm fell on hard times, or the farmer decided that he could dispense with the services of a particular labourer, then he could and would dismiss him and turn him and his family out of their cottage without compensation. This was more likely when people grew old and infirm, and so, less useful to their employer. A good employer might make provision for a worker such as this, giving him or her easier or sedentary jobs, and perhaps a certain amount of charity; a more ruthless one would just turn them out.

Those labourers who were more mobile, and contracted out their labour usually every year. These were the 'hired men' and 'hired women', who crop up frequently in novels about the period (e.g. those of Thomas Hardy). It was the normal custom for hiring to be done once a year, at Michaelmas (29 September), the place of hiring almost always being a country fair, or, less often, a market. The fairs were frequently called 'hiring fairs' (although other business and sales would also be transacted), and they were common throughout the county (eg. 25 were held in 1762). The labourers would stand on a platform, or in an enclosure, to be 'looked over by the prospective employers for features such as strength, general appearance and character (and, in the case of girls, probably their attractiveness as well!). They would then be questioned about their skills and abilities, their previous employment and their liabilities (which might well include wives and children).

Finally, there would be a bargaining of sorts regarding a wage - with the obvious proviso that in hard times the labourer had no bargaining power, but in good times, or in areas where labour was scarce, they were at a premium.

In the early decades of the 19th century, agriculture was frequently depressed and rural poverty great, so bargaining was less feasible. Skilled workers with a particularly useful trade or experience would often hire themselves on this basis because they could demand good wages, and farmers might vie with each other to get the worker they wanted. This was the case quite often with people such as plough-team leaders and very experienced cowmen. It seems that some of the most highly valued jobs (those involved in handling livestock the teamsman who looked after the horses, the yardsman who cared for the cattle and the shepherd) often had a cottage made available to them.

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However, during the latter part of the 18th century and into the 19th century, the trend was away from the annual 'hiring fairs', towards a more casual engagement of workers. This was usually on a daily or weekly basis, with no pay on wet days. Later, during the Victorian era, with farm sizes increased, farmers could no longer manage with just family and some yearly engaged 'live-in' servants. Farmers needed more labour and greater flexibility in employment, and agricultural labourers (like their industrial counterparts the factory workers) found themselves entirely at the mercy of their employers, who could reduce their pay whenever prices for their farm products dropped.

Wages for the least secure, most poorly skilled or least experienced farm workers were very low. The struggle for existence can best be illustrated by the loss in value of wages. In a fifty year period in the late 18th century, wages rose by only 25 per cent but the cost of living increased by 60 per cent.

Labourers were in a weak bargaining position due to the over-population from which Norfolk was suffering. Wages were usually low, and were not infrequently paid in the form of goods or food, or the labourer was allowed a small plot of land to raise vegetables and perhaps to keep a pig or two. The pig was fattened and then killed in the late autumn, to he salted or smoked as a source of meat through the winter and early spring. Thomas Hardy's Jude the Obscure gives a very vivid and convincing account of such a pig-killing, and this was one of the major events in the calendar of most rural families. Everything would be used skin, bristles, bones, every scrap of meat, blood (made into puddings with oatmeal and herbs), etc. Wages also varied enormously between periods of plenty and periods of scarcity, and the 1820s and 1830s were, in general, a time of low wages in East Anglia. This was particularly so in these counties because the woolen industry was in a state of rapid decline, as the great textile areas of northern England flourished. With alternative employment not readily available, it led to an excess of agricultural workers.

The conditions of the agricultural labourer reached a very low ebb by 1815, but things got worse. The end of the wars meant that many ex-soldiers were unemployed. Grain prices fell and farmers lowered wages; a landowner-dominated Parliament passed the Corn Laws, which prevented the import of grain until the price of English wheat reached 80 shillings a quarter.

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It is not surprising, therefore that discontent, fuelled by steep rises in the prices of bread and flour during the post-Napoleonic wars depression, led to violence. Rioting occurred in 1816, (see the Littleport Riot page), with the anger directed at property, machinery in particular. Ricks (stacks of hay, corn or peas, often thatched [roofed with straw] for weather protection) were burned and threshing machines broken. The latter were depriving labourers of valuable winter employment and consequently were much hated. Further rioting broke out in 1830 as again farm workers demanded rises in wages and the abolition of threshing machines, twenty-nine of which were smashed.

Steadily an outward movement, abroad, occurred, generally the more able and younger people who emigrated. On estates where the demand for labour exceeded the cottage accommodation, gangs of workers were brought in from elsewhere. They came from other villages, which were not controlled by the one landlord where speculators erected rows of poor cottages and charged exorbitant rents because of the shortage of housing. Labourers from these villages would often travel quite a distance to where the work was offering and be formed into work gangs by 'gang masters'. These organisers could offer such gangs for hire to farmers to do various types of work such as weeding, potato digging and turnip hoeing.

Farm Work

While the steady introduction of an increasing range and quality of machinery was an irreversible trend from the early 1800s, there was resistance to their use (as previously described), by the large numbers of farm labourers who feared the inevitable loss of work and income. But the work they had using the traditional methods was arduous, long, repetitive and not always regular. For example, before the drill method of sowing turnips became the norm, they were sown broadcast or fleet on the ground. When the seed was sown by hand the sower had a small seed-bowl on his chest: this was secured by a leather band which went round his neck. He took the small seed between his finger and thumb and sowed in step; that is, as his left foot came up, his left hand dipped into the seed bowl and scattered the seed. It was a skilled job to sow with both hands and keep in step, as the rhythm could very easily be broken. If this happened the sower would have to stop and start again as a break in the rhythm meant a blank patch in the sowing. Few men, too, could judge the amount of seed to sow at each pinch of the thumb and forefinger. Turnip seed was sown at the rate of

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half a pint an acre and if the sower dug too deeply into his bowl with his thumb and forefinger he would not make his seed last. Not more than one or two men on each farm could sow at the necessary rate with two hands. Most men were only able to sow with one. This was necessarily slower, but the sower who used one hand only was able to carry a seed-hod - a bigger container - on one side of his body. Clover and mustard were sown in the same way as turnips. When the turnips came up, it would be some time during the harvest; and the men would be set to hoe in the early morning before breakfast when the dag or dew would still be on the corn. They would likewise hoe turnips when a damp or wet day compelled them to make a break in the harvesting. It was a hard job hoeing plants that grew from broadcast seed, and they would have to hoc twice; the second time to cut out the knots or concentration of plants and the weeds that had grown since the first hoeing.

Traditionally, the method of harvesting the grain crop was by hand, using a sickle. By 1850 the scythe had replaced the sickle. An 1843 description of harvest describes the activities and methods:

Thirty-four men mow the wheat and in order to lay it evenly their scythes are fitted with cradles made of iron rods. These men are each followed by two women ...... and a boy or girl to gather up the corn into small sheaves. Eight teamsmen ..... follow to shock up the sheaves of which they place ten in a shock ...... 300 acres of wheat is cut in six days. Carting takes a further eight. Eighteen to 20 days are needed to complete the harvest.

The women mentioned previously, were usually the wives of the harvest workers and were called gavellers. Their job was to rake the mown corn into gavels or rows ready for tying into sheaves, or for carting if left loose. Barley was often left 'on the gavel'.

The stubbles are dew-raked by men drawing a long iron-toothed rake. A tool called a shack-fork a fork with curved tines and an iron bow at the shoulder was used to gather the swathes of barley into gavels ready for pitching onto the wagons. A gaveller worked behind each wagon feeding the corn to two men one on each side of the wagon who did the pitching while another two men on top of the load received the corn and arranged it evenly. The man paid the gaveller about a shilling a day: if she had a young child to look after at the same time, she would have to manage as best she could.

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Men, women, lads, boys and girls all worked in the fields and each had certain jobs and set wages.

'What was the difference between a boy and a lad'? ...... the lad got more money than the boys: he was, in fact, older and would not he called a lad until he had left school. While he was still at school he was a boy ...... until he was seventeen or eighteen he would be called a lad. A lad who had not long left school would be taken on at harvest time as a half-man. That is, he received half a man's wages. He did very light jobs during the harvest: taking the loaded wagons to the stack yard; or (drag-work, leading a horse with the drag-rake. The horses he handled would he the staid old jobbing horses that had lost all their sprightliness after long years of hard ploughing. When a lad was sixteen or seventeen he was taken on as a three-quarter man, getting three-quarters of a man's wages. He did all the Jobs a full-man did except pitching, the handling of the sheaves of corn from the ground on to the wagon the heaviest job of all. A three-quarter man was usually stationed on top of the load. Boys and girls who were still at school were usually taken on at fixed wages. They had various jobs: they helped with the turnip hoeing. They carried the elevenses and fourses - the men's snacks at eleven in the morning and four in the afternoon into the fields; some of the boys would lead the wagon horses and both boys and girls would be employed as bind pullers. The bind-puller worked with a tier-up, the man or the woman who came after the reaper and tied the corn into sheaves. When the cradle or horns attachment was used with the scythe it would leave the wheat or oats, that had been cut, leaning against the standing corn; the tier-up put his foot underneath a bunch of corn to help him lift it into his arms. The boy or girl who was acting as his bind-puller would, in the meantime, have pulled out three or four ears of corn from a bunch lying somewhere near and would be ready to hand these to the tier when he was ready to make his knot ...... Boys, moreover, meant a lower wage bill.

After the corn was cut and carted it was stored in huge wooden eighteenth-century barns for storing and processing. Farmers liked to keep most of their crop indoors rather than stacking it in a yard. In spite of constant improvements to the design of threshing machines and its increasingly widespread use, on many farms in the 1840s the crop was still being hand-flailed, a handy activity for otherwise idle hands in the winter. The threshing was done on the middle-stead, the middle of the barn, the floor of which was paved with clay-daub (dab) which was clay beaten down until it became as hard as concrete. The threshing was done with a flail, or frail,

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which had an ash handle with a swivel on top. The part that struck the corn was called the swingel and was made of tough wood, like holly or blackthorn. It was attached to the swivel on the handle by thongs of snakeskin, or eel-skin using a knot of special design.

When using the flail the thresher swung the handle over his shoulder and brought down the swingel across the straw just below the ears so that the grains of corn were shaken out without being bruised.

Great skill was needed to use the flail consistently effectively - it was very easy for an inexperienced thresher to hit himself on the back of the neck. While the threshing was being done the big double doors at one end of the barn and the single door at the other end were opened to allow the through draught to blow away the dust. After the threshing was completed the sievers job was to separate the cavings from the grain and chaff, the grain being piled at one side of the middle stead. A scuppit (a wooden casting shovel) was then used to throw the grain high in the air, the heavy grains falling furthest away and the lighter ones dropping short forming a kind of tail.

One of the skills that had the highest acclaim in the East Anglian countryside under the old farm economy was the ability to draw or plough a straight furrow and lay a level stetch (a section of ploughed land) so that it looked like a well-made length of corduroy. ...... So great was the interest in ploughing a well-finished stetch with mathematically straight furrows, ..... and, so keen was the rivalry between various horsemen that, even after they had spent most of an autumn day ploughing an acre or so in the field, they would spend the rest of it ploughing the land over once again in the cosiness of the inn bar . . . All farm workers were labourers with that term's implication of unskilled and unintelligent toil; and that label stuck to them until recent years. And it must be admitted that the low level of wages the farm-worker received appeared to the uninformed, justification enough for not changing their image of him. But the farm-worker was practised in numerous skills as well as ploughing and drilling...

These other skills included stacking, thatching, hedging, ditching, and looking after the horses (with no vet to call on).

Socialising

The inn was the social centre of the village. In the clubroom members of the local benefit society held their monthly club night and their annual dinner. In

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the skittles yard adjoining there were amusements for those whom enclosures had deprived of large open spaces. Farmers and tradesmen met in the bar to discuss political, social and economic questions with each other and with the landlord who, since he had seen service in gentlemen's houses, spoke with an authority that must have been annoying to the less pretentious among his customers. Here there was contact with the world beyond the village, through travellers' gossip over a glass of beer and, later, through the newspapers that appeared on the table. Labourers, who could talk more freely in the absence of their masters, preferred the taproom or the kitchen unless they went to a more humble establishment, the beershop. This was brought into existence by the Beer Act (1830); it was a room in or attached to a cottage - small, ill-ventilated, and probably not very clean. The landlord was frequently an ambitious man with few ideas beyond making money out of his customers, who were poor and not too critical of their surroundings. On the edges of commons, in remote hamlets, and on the outskirts of villages, wherever a few cottages made trade in beer seem profitable, there appeared a beershop.

Beershops were believed to be the cause of wretchedness and crime among the agricultural population. It is unnecessary to describe the misery of the habitual drunkard's home. There were ne'er-do-wells in most open villages, and more in the hovels that clustered round the commons. The beershop provided an easy way of escape from the difficulties of life for those ruined by economic conditions, or by their own psychological weakness, but was not in itself the cause of their ruin. Poachers, thieves, and incendiaries were believed to resort there for the purpose of corrupting the labourer's morals. This may have been true, but the labourer did not go there to be instructed in crime. He went, as his betters went to their clubs, for good company. Unfortunately beer cost more than he could really afford. A bundle of wood, a few turnips, a hare, or a rabbit helped reduce his debt to the landlord. In the eyes of the magistrates, these may have been stolen goods, but the labourer considered that custom gave him the right to prerequisites, and he refused to consider ground game the property of the landowners. Unless he were convicted of theft or poaching and suffered the degradation of imprisonment in the county gaol, it is unlikely that the average man developed any further criminal tendencies.

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Owners of Land

The holder, and the size of the holding, of land can be found in the various Returns of Owners of Land. The 'extent of lands' refers to the size in acres, roods and perches. The UK now officially uses hectares to measure agricultural land, but most of us who work in the agricultural field still think in acres. (1 hectare = 2.471 acres).

A standardised rood was 40 square rods or perches, a rod or perch being a measure of 16.5 feet/5.5 yards. The names rod and perch derive from a standard rod or pole used for marking out. There were 4 roods in an acre. These very small measures are a remnant of medieval farming, where everyone cultivated very small strips within large open fields, and very accurate reckoning of small plots was essential. The cash amount listed is the (estimated) gross annual rental value of the land. It should be remembered when looking for small farmers and husbandmen in these lists that very few of them owned their own land in the nineteenth century, the great majority being tenants of the larger land owners.

Emigration

The average agricultural worker was itinerant and relied on work being available. As the Industrial Revolution hit and mechanisation crept in it was necessary for these workers to seek alternative employment. The appeal of the new lands mainly in America and Australia lured many workers overseas.

This migration was at its highest from the mid to the end of the 19th century.

Land grants in America were very attractive aimed at opening up the centre of the country.

Travel to Australia was almost "free" in so much as the fare paid for emigrating was so subsidised it was minimal. Agricultural labourers were in great demand in Australia at the time and were encouraged to emigrate at relatively low fares. Some were indentured to land holders who paid the fares in exchange for a certain period of labour. Employers preferred single men but even those with many children readily found work at vastly improved wages to England. They could also live off the land - hunting at will; in England this would have been classed as "poaching". They often selected land of their own which would have been impossible in England.

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There are records of many voyages - usually the Doctor, Matron, Captain, School Master, etc. made reports at the end of the voyage; conditions varied. Newspapers often carried accounts of the voyage shortly after the ship's arrival.

Another cause of dissent and division was religion. There was a lot of feeling against the Established Church which, to labourers, seemed to support those in power. The local minister was often also the magistrate! For this reason, the lower classes flocked to the dissenting religions (eg. Methodists) which promoted a more equal lifestyle. Various branches of my family were divided over this and Weston Colville experienced various religious disturbances around the 1850s.

Within the England a further lure was to the new, industrial areas of the Midlands, North West and West Yorkshire. Whole families packed up and left for a new life in these areas. Many families in East Lancashire originate from the Fens. There are examples of agents representing the cotton interests of Lancashire actively negotiating with Parish officials in Cambs to arrange for workers to be shipped to the mill towns which then took them off parish relief. These journeys were made possible by an improved railway network, the push of desperate conditions for the poor in and the pull of regular work in the North.

Religion

Another cause of dissent and division was religion. There was a lot of feeling against the Established Church which, to labourers, seemed to support those in power. The local minister was often also the magistrate! For this reason, the lower classes flocked to the dissenting religions (eg. Methodism) which promoted a more equal lifestyle. Many areas experienced various religious disturbances during the 19th century.

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1800 On 1 January 1803, Francis Foreman4 (23 Years) married John Claiden in Cheverley, Cambridge.304

On November 25, 1804, James Foreman5 (William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born in Exning, Suffolk.305

On April 19, 1807, Rebecca Foreman5 (William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born in Cheveley, Cambridge.306

Before 1807, Richard Foreman4 married Sarah Bird.307

Around 1807, John Walker Foreman5 (Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Richard4 and Sarah Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.308

On 6 July 1807, Thomas Foreman4 (21 Years) married Mary Bane (Abt 19 Years) in Hartest, Suffolk.309

On 18 October 1807, John Walker Foreman5 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.310

Around 1809, Jane Foreman5 (Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Richard4 and Sarah Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.311

On 12 February 1809, Jane Foreman5 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.312

On 30 November 1809, Thomas Foreman4 (24 Years) married Sarah Starling (25 Years) in Cheverley, Cambridge.313

1810 Around 1810, Jeremiah Foreman5 (Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Thomas4 and Sarah Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.314

On 10 June 1810, Jeremiah Foreman5 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.315

Around 1811, Robert Foreman5 (Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Richard4 and Sarah Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.316

Around 1812, Thomas James Foreman5 (Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Thomas4 and Sarah Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.317

On 26 April 1812, Thomas James Foreman5 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.318 304 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 305 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 306 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 307 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 308 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 309 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 310 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 311 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 312 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 313 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 314 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 315 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 316 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 317 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman

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Around 1813, William Foreman5 (Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Richard4 and Sarah Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.319

On 13 January 1813, George Foreman5 (Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Thomas4 and Sarah Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.320

Around 1813, William Foreman4 (21 years) married Susan Linnard (21 Years).321

On 12 October 1813, John Foreman4 (Abt 30 years) married Sarah Bruce in Hartest, Suffolk.322

Around 1814, Ann Foreman5 (Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Thomas4 and Sarah Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.323

Around 1814, Stephen Friar Foreman5 (Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Richard4 and Sarah Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.324

Around 1814, Maria Foreman5 (William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to William4 and Susan Foreman in Whepstead, Suffolk.325

Around 1814, Thomas Foreman5 (William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to William4 and Susan Foreman.326

On 19 December 1814, Thomas Foreman5 (John4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to John5 and Sarah Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.327

318 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 319 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 320 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 321 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Antony Foreman 322 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Antony Foreman 323 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Antony Foreman 324 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 325 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 326 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 327 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Antony Foreman

18 June 1815: Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, defeats Napoleon at Waterloo The Battle of Waterloo was a decisive victory for Britain and its allies in the Napoleonic wars. The British general who masterminded the victory, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, had once been dismissed by Napoleon Bonaparte as a 'sepoy general' (a derisive reference to his service in India). Napoleon was forced to abdicate as emperor of France a few days later. He was sent into exile on the small Atlantic island of St Helena, where he died.

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On 12 February 1815, Stephen Friar Foreman5 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.328

On 14 January 1816, James Foreman5 (Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Thomas4 and Mary Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.329

Around 1816, John Foreman5 (William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to William4 and Susan Foreman.330

Around 1816, Rachael Foreman5 (Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Thomas4 and Sarah Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.331

Around 1816, Mary Ann Foreman5 (Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Richard4 and Sarah Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.332

On 7 April 1816, James Foreman5 (Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) died in Hartest, Suffolk.333

Around 1816, Feyan Foreman5 (Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Richard4 and Sarah Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.334

On 22 May 1816, Feyan Foreman5 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.335

On 22 September 1816, Charles Foreman5 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.

Around 1816, Stephen Friar Foreman5 (Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) died in Cheveley, Cambridge.336

On 29 April 1817, Isaac Foreman4 (29 Years) married Hannah Craton (29 Years) in Hartest Suffolk.337

On 30 May 1817, Maria Foreman5 (Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Thomas4 and Mary Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.338

On 31 July 1818, Isaac Foreman4 (30 Years) died in Hartest Suffolk.339

Around 1818, James Foreman5 (William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to William4 and Susan Foreman.340

Around 1818, James Foreman5 (William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) died.341

328 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 329 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Antony Foreman 330 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 331 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 332 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 333 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Antony Foreman 334 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 335 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 336 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Unknown 337 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Antony Foreman 338 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Antony Foreman 339 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Antony Foreman 340 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 341 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman

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On 27 September 1818, Harriett Foreman5 (Isaac4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Isaac3 and Hannah Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.342

On 30 November 1818, Susannah Foreman5 (Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Richard4 and Sarah Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.343

Around 1818, Robert Foreman5 (Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Thomas4 and Sarah Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.344

On 10 September 1818, Robert Foreman5 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.345

1820 On 3 December 1820, James Foreman4 (30 Years) married Hannah Pawsey in Hartest, Suffolk.346

Around 1821, Susan Foreman5 (Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Thomas4 and Sarah Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.347

On 25 February 1821, Susan Foreman5 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.348

On 26 April 1821, James Foreman5 (James4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to James4 and Hannah Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.349

On 6 January 1822, Sarah Foreman5 (John4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to John5 and Sarah Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.350

Around 1822, Isaac Foreman5 (William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to William4 and Susan Foreman in Whepstead, Suffolk.351

Around 1822, Caroline Foreman5 (Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Richard4 and Sarah Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.352

On 26 May 1822, Caroline Foreman5 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.353

On 19 September 1822, Susanna Foreman5 (John 4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) and Sarah Foreman (John 4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) died.354

On 10 August 1823, William Foreman4 (James4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to James4 and Hannah Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.355

342 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Antony Foreman 343 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Unknown 344 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 345 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 346 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Antony Foreman 347 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 348 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 349 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Antony Foreman 350 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Antony Foreman 351 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 352 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 353 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 354 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Antony Foreman 355 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Antony Foreman

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Around 1823, James Foreman5 (Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Thomas4 and Sarah Foreman.356

Around 1824, James Foreman5 (William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to William4 and Susan Foreman in Whepstead, Suffolk.357

Around 1824, Charles Foreman5 (Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Richard4 and Sarah Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.358

On 23 May 1824, Charles Foreman5 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.359

On 17 May 1826, Thomas Foreman4 (James4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to James4 and Hannah Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.360

On 17 July 1826, Thomas Foreman5 (James4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) died at 2 months old in Hartest, Suffolk.361

On July 20, 1826, Rebecca Foreman5 (Abt 19 Years) married William Mowl (Abt 21 Years) in Exning, Suffolk.362

Around 1827, Susan Foreman5 (William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to William4 and Susan Foreman.363

On 2 October 1828, John Foreman5 (James4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to

James4 and Hannah Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.364

Around 1829, Ann Foreman5 (William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to William4 and Susan Foreman.365

356 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Unknown 357 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 358 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 359 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 360 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Antony Foreman 361 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Antony Foreman 362 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 363 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 364 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Antony Foreman

27 September 1825: World's first steam locomotive passenger service begins The first public steam railway ran between the north eastern towns of Stockton and Darlington. This ushered in the 'Railway Age', with the building of an extensive railway network in Britain providing a fast and economical means of transport and communication.

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1830 On 27 February 1830, Eliza Foreman5 (James4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to James4 and Hannah Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.366

On 15 December 1830, Robert Foreman5 (19 Years) married Eliza Fitch in Cheverley, Cambridge.367

Around 1831, Charles Foreman5 (William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to William4 and Susan Foreman in Whepstead, Suffolk.368

Around 1831, Harriett Foreman6 (Robert5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born in Cheveley, Cambridge.369

On 3 July 1831, Harriett Foreman6 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.370

Around 1832, Caroline Foreman6 (Robert5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born in Cheveley, Cambridge.371

On 28 April 1833, Caroline Foreman6 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.372

On 6 May 1833, Mary Ann Foreman5 (17 Years) married George Stubbing (Abt 17 years).373

On 19 December 1833, William Foreman5 (20 Years) married Susan Ashman in Ashley, Cambridge.374

Around 1834, Abraham Foreman5 (William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to William4 and Susan Foreman.375

Around 1834, Susan Foreman6 (Robert5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born in Cheveley, Cambridge.376

Around 1834, John Walker Foreman6 (William5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born in Cheveley, Cambridge.377

On 20 July 1834, Susan Foreman6 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.378

Around 1835, Stephen Foreman6 (William5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born in Cheveley, Cambridge.379

On 26 March 1835, Stephen Foreman6 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.380 365 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 366 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Antony Foreman 367 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 368 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 369 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 370 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 371 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 372 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 373 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 374 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 375 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 376 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 377 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 378 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 379 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman

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Around 1835, Rachel Mowl6 (Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to William and Rebecca Mowl5 in Exning in Suffolk.381

Around 1836, Emily Foreman6 (Robert5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born in Cheveley, Cambridge.382

Around 1836, Richard Foreman6 (William5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born in Cheveley, Cambridge.383

On 26 June 1836, Richard Foreman6 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.384

Around 1836, Richard Stubbings6 (Mary Ann5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to George and Mary Ann Stubbings5 in Wood Ditton in Cambridgeshire.385

On 21 January 1837, Maria Foreman5 (Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) died in Hartest, Suffolk.386

In 1837, George Foreman5 married Sarah Debbenham in Sudbury in Suffolk.387

In 1837, Henry Foreman6 (James5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to James5 and Elizabeth Foreman in the New Market district in Suffolk.388

Around 1837, Robert Foreman6 (James5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to James5 and Ann Foreman in the Exning in Suffolk.389

Around 1838, Caroline Stubbings6 (Mary Ann5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to George and Mary Ann Stubbings5 in Wood Ditton in Cambridgeshire.390

In 1838, Jane Fitch Foreman6 (Robert5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born in New Market District, Suffolk.391

In 1838, William Mowl6 (Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to William and Rebecca Mowl5 in the Newmarket district in Suffolk.392

Around 1839, George Foreman6 (William5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born in Cheveley, Cambridge.393

On 12 May 1839, George Foreman6 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.394

In 1839, Mary Foreman6 (George5, Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to George5 and Sarah Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.395 380 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 381 1871 English Census 382 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 383 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 384 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 385 1851 English Census 386 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Foreman Foreman 387 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 388 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 389 1861 England Census 390 1851 English Census 391 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 392 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 393 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 394 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman

Foreman Family 142

In 1839, Jeremiah Foreman6 (Jeremiah5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Jeremiah5 and Eliza Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.396

1840 Around 1840, Josiah Foreman6 (Robert5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born in Cheveley, Cambridge.397

In 1840, Susan Stubbings6 (Mary Ann5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to George and Mary Ann Stubbings5 in Wood Ditton in Cambridgeshire.398

In 1840, Robert Foreman5 (22 Years) married Louisa Hurst (22 Years) in New Market in Cambridgeshire.399

In 1841, Charles Foreman6 (Robert5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Robert5 and Louisa Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.400

In 1841, Joseph Mowl6 (Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to William and Rebecca Mowl5 in the Newmarket district in Suffolk.401

Around 1841, Susannah Foreman6 (James5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to James5 and Elizabeth Foreman in Cowlinge in Suffolk.402

1841 Census

(John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• William Foreman4 (51 Years) is listed as living at Haiskes Cottage in Whelstead, Suffolk working as an agriculture laborer. Living with William4 was his wife Susan Foreman (45 Years), sons Thomas Foreman5 (25 Years), John Foreman5 (25 Years), William Foreman5 (20 Years), Charles Foreman5 (10 Years) and Abraham Foreman5 (5 Years) and daughter Susan Foreman5 (10 Years). All are listed as having been born in Suffolk and sons Thomas, John and William are also listed as agriculture laborers.

(Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• George Foreman5 (27 Years) is listed as living at North End in Hartest, Suffolk employed as a bricklayer. Living with George is his wife Sarah Foreman (25 Years) and his daughter Mary Foreman (1 Year). All are listed as having been born in the county of Suffolk.

• James Foreman4 (45 Years) is listed as living at North End in Hartest in Suffolk employed as an agriculture laborer. Living with James4 was his wife Hannah Foreman (42 Years), his sons James Foreman5 (20 Years), William Foreman5 (18

395 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 396 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 397 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 398 FreeBMD Birth Index 399 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 400 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 401 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 402 1851 English Census

Foreman Family 143

Years), John Foreman5 (12 Years) and daughter Eliza Foreman5 (10 Years). All are listed as having been born in the county of Suffolk.

(William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• James Foreman5 (16 Years) is listed as living on Wisnage Farm in Hartest in Suffolk employed as a servant for Abraham Mulley, a farmer. James5 is listed as having been born in Suffolk.

(James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Thomas Foreman4 (55 Years) is listed as living at Little Green in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire employed as an agriculture laborer. Living with Thomas was his wife Sarah Foreman (60 Years), sons Thomas Foreman5 (28 Years), James Foreman5 (18 Years), daughter Susan Foreman5 (20 Years) and probable grandson Jerry Foreman6 (2 weeks). All are listed as having been born in Cambridgeshire.

(Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Sarah Foreman (58 Years) is listed as living on Cheveley Street in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire employed as a shop keeper. Living with Sarah was her son Charles Foreman (17 Years) and Rachel Foreman5 (25 Years) and, possibly her niece. Sarah and Rachel5 are listed as having been born in Cambridgeshire and Charles does not have an entry.

• Robert Foreman5 (30 Years) is listed as living on Cheveley Street in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire employed as an agriculture laborer. Living with Robert5 was his wife Eliza Foreman (30 Years), daughters Harriet Foreman6 (9 Years), Caroline Foreman6 (8 Years), Susan Foreman6 (6 Years), Emily Foreman6 (5 Years), Jane Foreman6 (3 Years) and son Josiah Foreman6 (1 Year). All are listed as having been born in Cambridgeshire.

• George Stubbings (25 Years) is listed as living on Saxon Street in Wood Ditton in Cambridgeshire employed as an agriculture laborer. Living with George was his wife Mary Stubbings5 (25 years), son Richard Stubbings6 (5 Years) and daughters Caroline Stubbings6 (3 Years) and Susan Stubbings6 (1 Year). Also living with George was Mary Browne (10 Years) and Charles Sronce (2 Years). All are listed as having been born in Chambridgeshire except for Mary Browne.

(Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Jeremiah Foreman5 (30 Years) is listed as living at Little Green in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire employed as an agriculture laborer. Living with Jeremiah was his wife Eliza Foreman (25 Years), daughter Sarah Foreman6 (8 Years) and sons James Foreman6 (6 Years), Henry Foreman6 (4 Years) and Jeremiah Foreman6 (1 Year). All are listed as having been born in Cambridgeshire.

• Robert Foreman5 (20 Years) is listed as living at Little Green in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire. There is not a profession listed for Robert but is probable that he was an agriculture laborer like his father and brother. Living with Robert was his

Foreman Family 144

wife Louisa Foreman (20 Years) and son Charles Foreman6 (2 Months). All are listed as having been born in Cambridgeshire.

Thomas4, Jeremiah5 and Robert5 are listed in 3 consecutive but separate houses at Little Green in Cheveley. It is not clear what kind of structures these were.

In 1841, Bellman Foreman6 (Thomas5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Thomas Foreman in the Newmarket district in Cambridgeshire.403

In 1842, George Foreman6 (George5, Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to George5 and Sarah Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.404

In 1842, Levi Foreman6 (Jeremiah5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Jeremiah5 and Eliza Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.405

In 1842, John Foreman2 married Esther Morris in the Thingoe district in Suffolk.

In 1843, Sarah Stubbing6 (Mary Ann5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to George and Mary Ann Stubbing5 in the Newmarket district in Cambridgeshire.406

Around 1843, Robert Nathan Foreman6 (Robert5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born in Cheveley, Cambridge.407

On 12 March 1843, Josiah Foreman6 and Robert Nathan Foreman6 were baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.408

In 1843, Philip Foreman6 (John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to John5 and Esther Foreman in the Thingoe district in Suffolk.409

In 1844, James Stubbings6 (Mary Ann5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to George and Mary Ann Stubbings5 in the Newmarket district in Cambridgeshire.410

In 1844, John Foreman6 (Jeremiah5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Jeremiah5 and Eliza Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.411

Around 1844, William Foreman6 (William5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born in Cheveley, Cambridge.412

On 25 December 1844, William Foreman6 was baptized in Cheveley, Cambridge.413

In 1844, Rachel Foreman6 (Robert5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born in Cheveley, Cambridge.414

On 25 December 1844, Rachel Foreman6 was baptized in Cheveley, Cambridge.415

403 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 404 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 405 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 406 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 407 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 408 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 409 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 410 FreeBMD Birth Index 411 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 412 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 413 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 414 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Foreman Family 145

Around 1844, Fortune Pettitt6 (Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Jabez and Susan Pettitt5 in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire.416

Around 1845, David Mowl6 (Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to William and Rebecca Mowl5 in the Exning in Suffolk.417

In 1845, James Foreman6 (John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to John5 and Esther Foreman in the Thingoe district in Suffolk.418

On 25 December 1846, Susan Foreman5 (25 Years) married Jabez Pettitt (34 Years) in Cheveley, Cambridge.419

In 1846, Thomas Pettitt6 (Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Jabez and Susan Pettitt5 in the New Market district in Cambridgeshire.420

Around 1846, Thomas Foreman6 (James5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to James5 and Elizabeth Foreman in Cowlinge in Suffolk.421

In 1846, Jane Foreman6 (James5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to James5 and Ann Foreman in the Exning in Suffolk.422

Around 1847, Sophia Mowl6 (Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to William and Rebecca Mowl5 in the Exning in Suffolk.423

In 1847, Robert Foreman6 (Jeremiah5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Jeremiah5 and Eliza Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.424

In 1848, Rachel Pettitt6 (Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Jabez and Susan Pettitt5 in the New Market District in Cambridgeshire.425

On 24 December 1848, Rachel Pettitt6 was baptized in Cheveley, Cambridge.426

In 1848, Henry Foreman6 died in the Newmarket district in Cambridgeshire.427

Unfortunately, the age of the subject is not recorded in the index for deaths this old but Henry does disappear from the 1851 census and the family names a child a year later as Henry. This indicates that this entry probably refers to the Henry Foreman that is on the 1841 census with the family.

In 1848, Ellen Foreman6 (John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to John5 and Esther Foreman in the Thingoe district in Suffolk.428

415 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 416 1851 English Census 417 1861 English Census 418 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 419 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 420 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 421 1851 English Census 422 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 423 1861 English Census 424 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 425 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 426 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 427 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 428 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Foreman Family 146

In 1849, Jane Stubbing6 (Mary Ann5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to George and Mary Ann Stubbing5 in the Newmarket district in Cambridgeshire.429

In 1849, Isaac Foreman5 married Sophia Greenwood in the Depwood district in Suffolk.

In 1849, John Foreman6 (Isaac5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Isaac5 and Sophia Foreman in Aylsham in Norfolk.430

Around 1849, Sarah Ann Foreman6 (James5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to James5 and Elizabeth Foreman in Cowlinge in Suffolk.431

In 1849, Henry Foreman6 (Jeremiah5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Jeremiah5 and Eliza Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.432

1850 In 1850, Sarah Foreman died in Sudbury in Suffolk.433

Around 1850, Hannah Foreman6 (James5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to James5 and Elizabeth Foreman in Cowlinge in Suffolk.434

In 1850, Harriet Foreman6 (John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to John5 and Esther Foreman in the Thingoe district in Suffolk.435

1851 Census

(John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• William Foreman4 (62 years) is listed as living at Dadd’s Green in Whelpstead, Suffolk and as working as an agriculture laborer. Living with William was his wife Susan Foreman (60 Years) and his sons Charles Foreman5 (20 Years) and Abraham Foreman5 (17 years).

William4 and Susan are both listed as having been born in Hartest, Suffolk and Charles5 and Abraham5 are listed as having been born in Whelpstead, Suffolk.

(William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• John Foreman5 (35 Years) is listed as living at Mickley Green in Whepstead in Suffolk employed as an agricultural laborer. Living with John was his wife Esther Foreman (35 Years), sons Philip Foreman6 (7 Years), James Foreman6 (5 Years) and daughter Harriet Foreman6 (7 Months). All are listed as having been born in Whepstead in Suffolk except for Esther who was born in Barton in Suffolk.

• James Foreman5 (33 Years) is listed as living at Green Man Corner in Cowlinge in Suffolk employed as a carpenter. Living with James5 was his wife Elizabeth Foreman (33 Years), sons Henry Foreman6 (14 Years), Thomas Foreman6 (5

429 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 430 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 431 1851 English Census 432 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 433 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 434 1851 English Census 435 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Foreman Family 147

Years) and daughters Susannah Foreman6 (10 Years), Sarah Ann Foreman6 (2 Years) and Hannah Foreman6 (11 Months). All are listed as having been born in Cowlinge in Suffolk except for James5 who was born in Wickhambrook in Suffolk.

• Isaac Foreman5 (29 Years) is listed as living at Hapton Hall in Hapton in Norfolk employed as a servant presumably for the Hapton Hall farm. He is probably a servant for the hall itself because the census seems to list the farm hands as agriculture laborers. Living with Isaac was his wife Sophia Foreman (25 Years) and son John Foreman6 (1 Year). Also living with Issac5 was Mariann Whipson (26 Years), a schoolmistress and a visitor (most likely his sister-in-law) Charlotte Greenwood (23 Years), a house servant. Isaac5 is listed as having been born in Whelpstead in Suffolk, Sophia, John6 and Charlotte in Aylsham in Norfolk and Mariann in Colton in Norfolk.

Mariann Whipson is listed as a schoolmistress for “Relation to Family” as well as “Occupation” on the census form. This could indicate that Issac’s duties are related somehow to a schoolhouse in which his family and the schools teacher are both residing.

(Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• George Foreman5 (38 Years) is listed as a widower living on Bury Road in Hartest, Suffolk employed as a bricklayer. Living with George5 is his daughter Mary Foreman6 (11 Years) and his son George Foreman6 (9 Years). All are listed as having been born in Hartest, Suffolk.

(James4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• Hannah Foreman is listed as a widow living on Bury Road in Hartest in Suffolk listed as a pauper (agriculture laborer’s something). Living with Hannah was her son William Foreman5 (25 Years), an agriculture laborer. Hannah is listed as having been born in Hundon in Suffolk and William5 in Hartest.

Hannah is listed as living adjacent to and in separate houses from her dead husband’s nephew George Foreman5 on the 1851 census.

• John Foreman5 (21 Years) is listed as living at the Brick House Farm in Hartest in Suffolk employed as a groom for the 340 acre farm owned by James B Harvey who employed a total of 2 laborers. John is listed as having been born in Hartest in Suffolk.

(James3, James2, Thomas1)

Foreman Family 148

http://www.oldstratforduponavon.com/londonwestend.html

• Thomas Foreman4 (67 Years) is listed as living at the Almshouse in Ceveley in Cambridgeshire employed as an agriculture laborer. Living with Thomas4 was his wife Sarah Foreman (72 Years), his son Thomas Foreman5 (39 Years) and his grandson Bellman Foreman6 (9 Years). All are listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire.

(Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Jeremiah Foreman5 (41 Years) is listed as living in the Almshouse in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire employed as an agriculture laborer. Living with Jeremiah5 was Eliza Foreman (37 Years), sons Jeremiah Foreman6 (11 Years), Levi Foreman6 (9 Years), John Foreman6 (7 Years), Robert Foreman6 (5 Years) and Henry Foreman6 (1 Year). All are listed as having been born in Cheverley in Cambridgeshire.

• Jabez Pettitt (38 Years) is listed as living at the Almshouse in Ceveley in Cambridgeshire employed as a master cordwainer. A cordwainer is defined as a shoemaker. Living with Jabez is his wife Susan Pettitt (30 Years), daughters Fortune Pettitt (7 Years), Rachel Pettitt (2 Years) and his son Thomas Pettitt (5 Years). All are listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire except for Jabez who was born in Kirtling in Cambridgeshire.

(Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Sarah Foreman (69 Years) is listed as living in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire employed as a grocer. Living with Sarah was her granddaughter Susan Stubbings6 (11 Years) and a lodger William Clarke (22 Years), a shepherd. Sarah and William are listed as having been born in Cheveley in Canbridgeshire and Susan6 in Woodditton in Cambridgeshire.

It seems that Susan Stubbings6 is listed twice on the 1851 census. She is listed as living with her grandmother in Cheveley and with her parents in Woodditton as well.

• George Stubbings (37 Years) is listed as living on Saxon Street in Wood Ditton in Cambridgeshire employed as an agriculture laborer. Living with George was his wife Mary Stubbings5 (35 years), sons Richard Stubbings6 (15 Years), James

Foreman Family 149

Stubbing (6 Years) and daughters Caroline Stubbings6 (12 Years), Susan Stubbings6 (11 Year), Sarah Stubbing6 (7 Years) and Jane Stubbing6 (1 Years). Also living with George was a visitor William Coe (2 Months).

George is listed as having been born in Dullingham in Cambridgeshire, Mary Ann in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire, the Stubbing children all in Woodditton in Cambridgeshire and William Coe in Exing in Suffolk.

Around 1851, Harry Pettitt6 (Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Jabez and Susan Pettitt5.436

On 14 December 1851, Harry Pettitt6 was baptized in Cheveley, Cambridge.437

In 1851, Robert Charles Stubbing6 (Mary Ann5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to George and Mary Ann Stubbing5 in the Newmarket district in Cambridgeshire.438

In 1854, Hephzibah Pettitt6 (Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Jabez and Susan Pettitt5.439

On 24 December 1854, Hephzibah Pettitt6 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.440

In 1856, George Foreman5 married Sophia Smith in Sudbury in Suffolk.441

Around 1856, James Pettitt6 (Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Jabez and Susan Pettitt5.442

On 21 December 1856, James Pettitt6 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.443

Around 1857, Thomas Foreman6 (Abraham5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Abraham5 and Elizabeth Foreman in Swaidestone in Norfolk.444

In 1857, Charles Foreman6 married Sarah Jane Brett in St George Hanover Square in Middlesex.445

Information on Sarah Jane Brett’s family has been identified and will be included in subsequent editions.

In 1858, Sarah Ann Bridgett Foreman6 (Charles5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Charles5 and Sarah Foreman in St. George Hanover Square in London.446

In 1858, Emma Elizabeth Foreman6 (George5, Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to George5 and Sophia Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.447

436 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 437 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 438 FreeBMD Birth Index 439 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 440 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 441 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 442 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 443 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 444 1871 English Census 445 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 446 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 447 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Foreman Family 150

In 1859, Esther Foreman died in the Thingoe district in Suffolk448.

1860 Around 1860, Jabez Elliot Pettitt6 (Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Jabez and Susan Pettitt5.449

On 12 August 1860, Jabez Elliot Pettitt6 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.450

In 1860, Susan Foreman6 (Charles5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Charles5 and Sarah Foreman in St. George Hanover Square in London.451

In 1860, Thomas Foreman6 (George5, Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to George5 and Sophia Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.452

In 1861, Susannah Foreman6 (Abraham5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Abraham5 and Elizabeth Foreman in Norwich in Norfolk.453

1861 Census

(John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• William Foreman4 (71 Years) is listed as living at Dodd’s Green in Whepstead in Suffolk employed as an agriculture labourer. Living with William4 is his wife Susan Foreman (69 Years). William4 is listed as having been born in Hartest in Suffolk and Susan in Chevington in Suffolk.

(William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• John Foreman5 (45 Years) is listed as a widower living at Hawks in Whepstead in Suffolk employed as an agricultural laborer. Living with John5 was his sons Philip Foreman6 (17 Years), James Foreman6 (15 Years) and daughter Ellen Foreman6 (13 Years) and Harriett Foreman6 (10 Years). All are listed as having been born in Whepstead in Suffolk.

Ellen Foreman is not listed on the 1851 census with the family. It is unknown where Ellen was during the census.

(Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• George Foreman5 (48 Years) is listed as in Hartest, Suffolk employed as a journeyman bricklayer. Living with George is his wife Sophia Foreman (42 Years), sons George Foreman6 (19 Years), employed as a bricklayer and Thomas6 (11 Months) and daughter Emma E. Foreman6 (3 Years) Also living with George are his stepdaughters Mary Smith (12 Years) and Helle M. Smith (6 Years). All are listed as having been born in Hartest, Suffolk.

(Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

448 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 449 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 450 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 451 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 452 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 453 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Foreman Family 151

• Sarah Foreman (84 Years) is listed as living on Main Street in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire listed as a pensioned servant. Living with Sarah was her sons Thomas Foreman6 (48 Years), James Foreman6 (36 Years) and her grandson Bellman Foreman7 (19 Years), all agriculture laborers. All are listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire.

• Jeremiah Foreman5 (51 Years) is listed as living in the Almshouse in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire employed as an agriculture laborer. Living with Jeremiah5 was his wife Eliza Foreman (47 Years), daughters Sarah Foreman6 (27 years), Rachel Foreman6 (5 Years) and sons Jeremiah Foreman6 (21 Years), Levi Foreman6 (19 Years), John Foreman6 (16 Years), Robert Foreman6 (14 Years), all agriculture laborers, Henry Foreman6 (11 Year), Charles Foreman6 (9 Years) and grandson Alfred Foreman7 (4 Years). All are listed as having been born in Cheverley in Cambridgeshire except for Henry5 who is listed as having been born in Newmarket in Suffolk.

• Jabez Pettitt (48 Years) is listed as living on Main Street in Ceveley in Cambridgeshire employed as a shoemaker. Living with Jabez is his wife Susan Pettitt5 (40 Years), daughters Rachel Pettitt6 (12 Years), Hephzibah Pettitt6 (7 Years) and his sons Harry Pettitt6 (9 Years), James Pettitt6 (4 Years) and Jabez Pettitt6 (1 Year). All are listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire except for Jabez who was born in Kirtling in Cambridgeshire.

• Joseph Tweed (43 Years) is listed as living at Cheveley Green in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire employed as an agriculture laborer. Living with Joseph was his wife Louisa Tweed (42 Years) and his stepson Charles Foreman6 (19 Years), agriculture laborer. Also living with Joseph was a lodger John Isaacson (15 Years), agriculture laborer. All are listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire except John Isaacson who is listed as having been born in Woodditton in Cambridgeshire.

(Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

Foreman Family 152

• Fortune Pettitt6 (17 Years) is listed as living at the Black Horse on High Street in Newmarket in Cambridgeshire employed as a house servant for James Hills, innkeeper. Fortune is listed as having been born in Ceveley in Cambridgeshire.

• Thomas Pettitt6 (16 Years) is listed as living in Chippenham in Cambridgeshire employed as an ostler for the Hope Inn and George Baynes, Innkeeper. An ostler is listed as one who cares for horses or a stable boy.454 Thomas is listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire.

(Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• George Stubbings (47 Years) is listed as living on Saxon Street in Wood Ditton in Cambridgeshire employed as an agriculture laborer. Living with George was his wife Mary Stubbings5 (44 years), sons James Stubbing6 (16 Years) an agriculture laborer, Robert Charles Stubbing6 (9 Years) and daughters Sarah Stubbing6 (17 Years) and Jane Stubbing6 (11 Years).

George is listed as having been born in Dullingham in Cambridgeshire, Mary Ann5 in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire, the Stubbing children all in Woodditton in Cambridgeshire and William Coe in Exing in Suffolk.

(Mary5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Caroline Stubbing6 (22 Years) is listed as living at 1 Grays Inn Lane in Holborn in London employed as a servant for the household of Charles Ruth Crick (35 Years), a butcher. Caroline6 is listed as having been born in Woodditton in Cambridgeshire.

• Susan Stubbing6 (21 Years) is listed as living at 3 Holborn Road in Holborn in London employed as a servant for the household of Edwin Charles Brown (37 Years), a baker. Susan6 is listed as having been born in Saxon in Cambridgeshire. Saxon most likely refers to the area of Woodditton that her family was living at in Cambridgeshire.

454 http://www.census1891.com/occupations-o.htm

The village pub (Tharp Arms) is the centre of the village, its name drawn from the family of Tharp who still live at Chippenham Park. This is however not the original name, until late in the 19th Century it was called the Hope Inn. http://www.chippenhamcambs.info/content/view/14/40/ http://www.thetharparms.com/

Foreman Family 153

The house at 1 Grays Inn Lane and the house at 3 Holborn Road were actually located next to each other as shown on the 1861 census form. So Caroline and Susan were working in separate households but living next to each other.

(William4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• William Mowl (61 Years) is listed as living at 6 Landwade Road in Exning in Suffolk employed as an agriculture laborer. Also living with William was his wife Rebecca Mowl5 (54 Years), sons William Mowl6 (23 Years), Joseph Mowl6 (20 Years), David Mowl6 (16 Years), all agriculture laborers and daughter Sophia Mowl6 (14 Years). Also living with William was his granddaughter Rachel Owens7 (3 Years). All are listed as having been born in Exning in Suffolk except for Rachel who was born in London.

• James Foreman5 (56 Years) is listed as living at 3 Cotton End in Exning in Suffolk employed as an agriculture laborer. Living with James was his wife Ann Foreman (53 Years) son Robert Foreman6 (24 Years), an agriculture laborer and daughter Jane Foreman6 (14 Years). James5, Robert6 and Jane6 are listed as having been born in Exning in Suffolk and Ann in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire.

In 1862, Alice Jane Foreman6 (Charles5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Charles5 and Sarah Foreman in St. George Hanover Square in London.455

Around 1863, Susanna Pettitt6 (Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Jabez and Susan Pettitt5.456

On 27 May 1863, Susanna Pettitt6 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.457

In 1862, Elizabeth Foreman6 (Abraham5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Abraham5 and Elizabeth Foreman in Norwich in Norfolk.458

On 6 August 1864, Charles Foreman6 (24 years) married Sarah Ann Sterling (20 Years) in Wood Ditton, Cambridge.459

In 1864, Charlotte Mary Foreman6 (Charles5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Charles5 and Sarah Foreman in St. George Hanover Square in London.460

455 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 456 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 457 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 458 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 459 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 460 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Foreman Family 154

In 1865, William Foreman6 (Abraham5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Abraham5 and Elizabeth Foreman in Norwich in Norfolk.461

In 1865, George Foreman6 married Eliza Smith in Sudbury in Suffolk.462

In 1865, Mary Pettitt6 (Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Jabez and Susan Pettitt5 in the New Market District in Cambridgeshire.463

In 1865, Elizabeth Mowl7 (Joseph6, Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Joseph6 and Elizabeth Mowl in the Newmarket district in Suffolk.464

Around 1865, James William Mowl7 (Joseph6, Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Joseph6 and Elizabeth Mowl in Exning in Suffolk.465

On 1 July 1866, Mary Pettitt6 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.466

In 1866, Lucy J. Foreman6 (Charles5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Charles5 and Sarah Foreman in St. George Hanover Square in London.467

In 1866, Elizabeth Foreman7 (George6, George5, Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

461 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 462 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 463 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 464 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 465 1871 English Census 466 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 467 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Black Horse Inn

High Street Swaffham Bulbeck Cambridge http://www.blackhorsemotel.co.uk/

Foreman Family 155

was born to George6 and Eliza Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.468

Around 1867, Charles Foreman7, Mary Louisa Foreman7, Robert Foreman7 (Charles6, Robert5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) were born to Charles6 and Sarah Ann Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.469

On 25 August 1867, Charles Foreman7, Mary Louisa Foreman7, Robert Foreman7 were all baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.470

This probably indicates that the children were triplets which all seemed to have lived past infancy. Considering they were born to in 19th Century rural England, that is remarkable at the least.

Around 1867, James Foreman5 (44 Years) married Jane Parvis (41 Years) in Cheverley, Cambridge.471

In 1867, David Mowl6 married Hannah Brown in the Newmarket district in Suffolk.472

In 1867, William Mowl7 (Joseph6, Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Joseph6 and Elizabeth Mowl in the Newmarket district in Suffolk.473 The entry is spelt as “Moule”.

In 1868, Caroline Ann Foreman7 (George6, George5, Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to George6 and Eliza Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.474

In 1868, Fortune Pettitt6 married Frederick Galaway Clark in Cambridge in Cambridgeshire.

In 1868, Rachel Mowl6 married Henry Butcher in Newmarket in Suffolk.475

In 1869, Frederick James Foreman7 (Philip6, John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Philip5 and Elizabeth Foreman in the Pancras district in London.476

In 1869, Alfred Ludman Clark7 (Fortune6, Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Frederick and Fortune Clark5 in Cambridge in Cambridgeshire.477

Around 1869, George Foreman6 (Abraham5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Abraham5 and Elizabeth Foreman in Norwich in Norfolk.478

468 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 469 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 470 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 471 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Keith Foreman 472 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 473 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 474 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 475 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 476 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 477 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 478 1871 English Census

Foreman Family 156

In 1869, Charles Leonard Foreman6 (Charles5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Charles5 and Sarah Foreman in St. George Hanover Square in London.479

In 1869, Ellen Foreman6 married Robert Ambrose in the Thingoe district of Suffolk.480

In 1869, Sarah Ambrose7 (Ellen6, John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Robert and Ellen Ambrose6 in the Thingoe district in Suffolk.481

1870 In 1870, Rachel Pettitt6 married Benjamin Bell Askham in Bethel Green in London.482

In 1870, Frederick Clark7 (Fortune6, Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Frederick and Fortune Clark5 in Cambridge in Cambridgeshire.483

Around 1870, Bellman Foreman7 (Charles6, Robert5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Charles6 and Sarah Ann Foreman in Cheveley, Cambridge.484

On 18 December 1870, Bellman Foreman7 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.485

In 1870, Rachel Butcher7 and Rebecca Butcher7 (Rachel6, Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Henry and Rachel Butcher6 in Soham in Cambridgeshire.486

In 1870, Edwin Mowl7 (Joseph6, Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Joseph6 and Elizabeth Mowl in the Newmarket district in Suffolk.487 The entry is spelt as “Moule”.

479 FreeBMD Birth Index 480 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 481 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 482 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 483 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 484 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Unknown 485 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Unknown 486 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 487 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Price of Tea:

In 1870 "normal working-class quality" tea sold at 3s. 4d. per pound-weight. In 1889 Lipton tea was offered at "the phenomenally low price" of 1s. 7d. per pound. Neither price can be construed as low according to relative values in 2002: the 1870, 1889 price was £9.75, £5.35 via the CPI; £13.75, £6.94 via the GDP deflator; £78.16, £32.08 via average earnings; £86.57, £36.97 according to per-capita GDP; and £163.97, £58.88 using GDP.

http://www.measuringworth.com/calculators/ukcompare/

Foreman Family 157

In 1870, Emily Matilda Foreman7 (Philip6, John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Philip5 and Elizabeth Foreman in the Pancras district in London.488

Around 1871, James Thomas Foreman6 (James5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to James5 and Jane Foreman.489

On 30 July 1871, James Thomas Foreman6 was baptized in Cheverley, Cambridge.490

In 1871, Florence Emma Foreman7 (Bellman6, Thomas5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Bellman6 and Martha Foreman in the Newmarket district in Cambridgeshire.491

1871 Census

(John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• William Foreman4 (80 Years) is listed as a widower living at Dodds Green in Whepstead in Suffolk employed as an agriculture laborer. Living with William4 was his grandson Robert Ambrose (23 Years), granddaughter Ellen Ambrose6 (23 Years) and great granddaughter Sarah Ambrose7 (1 Year). William4 is listed as having been born in Hartest in Suffolk, Robert in Lawshall in Suffolk and Ellen6 and Sarah in Whepstead in Suffolk.

(William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• Charles Foreman5 (39 Years) is listed as living at 22 Hugh St in St. George, Hanover Square Parish in the city of Westminster in London employed as a “Sillman at a Distillery”. Living with Charles5 is his wife Sarah Foreman (36 Years), daughters Sarah Foreman6 (12 Years), Susan Foreman6 (10 Years), Alice Foreman6 (8 Years), Charlotte Foreman6 (6 Years), Lucy Foreman6 (4 Years), and son Charles Foreman6 (2 Years). Also living with Charles5 is his aunt Ann Stillwell (48 Years), a laundress and a lodger Edward Salee (22 Years) a plasterer from Somerset, Bath.

Charles5 is listed as having been born in Whelpstead, Suffolk, Sarah in Hampstead, Middlesex, and all of the children and Ann Stillwell are listed as having been born in Pimlico, Middlesex.

• Abraham Foreman5 (36 Years) is listed as living at Upper Westwich in the St. Swithin Parish in Norwich, Norfolk employed as a porter. Living with Abraham was his wife Elizabeth Foreman (36 years), sons Thomas Foreman6 (14 Years), William Foreman6 (6 Years) and George Foreman6 (2 Years) and his daughters Susannah Foreman6 (10 Years) and Elizabeth Foreman6 (8 Years). Also living with Abraham is his nephew John Foreman6 (21 Years) who is employed as an engine fitter/turner. Elizabeth is employed as a shopkeeper and Thomas6 is employed as a cork cutter.

488 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 489 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Unknown 490 Ancestry.co.uk family tree submitted by Unknown 491 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Foreman Family 158

Abraham5 is listed as having been born in Whepstone, Suffolk, Elizabeth in Carlton, Norfolk and Thomas6 in Swaidestone, Norfolk. William6, George6, Susannah6 and Elizabeth6 are listed as having been born in Norwich, Norfolk. Nephew John Foreman is listed as having been born in Alysham, Norfolk.

(Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• George Foreman5 (58 Years) is listed as living in Hartest, Suffolk employed as a journeyman bricklayer. Living with George is his wife Sophia Foreman (52 Years), son Thomas Foreman6 (10 Years) and daughter Emma E. Foreman6 (12 Years). All are listed as having been born in Hartest, Suffolk.

(George5, Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• George Foreman Jr.6 (29 Years) is listed as living next to his father (above) in Hartest, Suffolk employed as a bricklayer. Living with George6 is his wife Eliza Foreman (31 Years) and daughters Elizabeth Foreman7 (5 Years) and Caroline A. Foreman7 (2 Years). All are listed as having been born in Hartest, Suffolk.

(John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• Philip Foreman6 (27 Years) is listed as living at 58 Fitzroy Street in Pancras in London employed as a coachman. Living with Philip was his wife Elizabeth Foreman (27 Years), son Frederick Foreman7 (2 Years) and daughter Emily Foreman7 (9 Months).

Philip6 is listed as having been born in Whepstead in Suffolk, Elizabeth in Pitcombe in Somerset, Frederick7 and Emily7 in St. Pancras in London.

(Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Jabez Pettitt (58 Years) is listed as living at The Little Green Cottage in Ceveley in Cambridgeshire employed as a shoemaker. Living with Jabez is his wife Susan Pettitt5 (50 Years), sons Harry Pettitt6 (19 Years), James Pettitt6 (14 Years) and Jabez Pettitt6 (11 Year) and daughters Susanna Pettitt6 (8 Years) and Mary Pettitt6 (6 Years). Also living with Jabez is a lodger Thomas Foreman5 (58 Years) whose occupation is listed as lodger, laborer. All are listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire except for Jabez who was born in Kirtling in Cambridgeshire. Thomas Foreman5 is identified as the brother in law of Jabez Pettitt on the 1881 census.

• Jeremiah Foreman5 (60 Years) is listed as living at Cottege in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire employed as a laborer. Living with Jeremiah5 was his wife Eliza Foreman (56 Years), daughters Sarah Foreman6 (37 years), Rachel Foreman6 (15 Years) and sons Jeremiah Foreman6 (31 Years), Levi Foreman6 (29 Years), John Foreman6 (26 Years), Robert Foreman6 (24 Years), Henry Foreman6 (21 Year), Charles Foreman6 (19 Years) all laborers, grandson John Foreman7 (14 Years), Laborer and granddaughter Eliza Foreman7 (3 Years) All are listed as having been born in Cheverley in Cambridgeshire.

(Thomas5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

Foreman Family 159

• Bellman Foreman6 (29 Years) is listed as living on Cottege in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire employed as a laborer. Living with Bellman was his wife Martha Foreman (29 Years) and daughter “unnamed” Foreman7 (1 Month). Bellman and the infant are listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire and Martha in Exning in Suffolk. The unnamed infant was eventually named Florence Emma Foreman7.

(Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Thomas Pettitt6 (25 Years) is listed as a lodger living on James Street in Burton in Staffordshire employed as a maltster living in the house of John Castledine, also a maltster. A malster is defined as a brewer, maker or seller of malt beverages, beer and ale.492 Thomas6 is listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire.

• Benjamin Bell Askham (21 Years) was listed as living at 26 Princes Street in Lambeth in London employed as a waiter. Living with Benjamin is his wife Rachel Askham6 (22 Years). Benjamin is listed as having been born in Peakridge in Staffordshire and Rachel in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire.

• Frederick Clark (25 Years) is listed as living at the Bird Bolt Tap at 10 and 11 St. Andrews Court in Cambridge in Cambridgeshire employed as a fly driver and inn keeper. A fly driver is someone who drives a one-horse carriage that is usually rented by the day.493 A bird bolt is a crossbow arrow that was used to shoot birds.494 Living with Frederick was his wife Fortune Clark6 (27 Years) and sons Alfred Clark7 (1 Years) and Frederick Clark7 (6 Months).Also living with Frederick was a widowed lodger Askew Wilson (26 Years) who is employed as a servant.

Frederick is listed as having been born in Milton in Cambridgeshire, Fortune in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire and the children in Cambridgeshire.

(Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• David Mowl6 (26 Years) is listed as living on Landwade Road in Exning in Suffolk employed as a laborer. Living with David Mowl6 was his wife Hannah Mowl (25 Years), his widowed mother Rebecca Mowl5 (64 Years), an annuitant, his brother (-in-law) Henry Butcher (30 Years), a millwright, his sister Rachel Butcher6 (35 Years), and his nieces Rachel Butcher7 (1 Year) and Rebecca Butcher7 (1 Year).

David6, Rachel6, Henry and Rebecca5 are listed as having been born in Exing in Suffolk, Hannah in Isleham in Cambridgeshire, and Rachel7 and Rebecca Butcher7 in Soham in Cambridgeshire.

• Joseph Mowl6 (30 Years) is listed as living at Cotton End in Exning in Suffolk employed as a gardener. Living with Joseph6 was his wife Elizabeth Mowl (30 Years) and sons James William Mowl7 (6 Years), William Mowl7 (3 Years) and

492 http://www.census1891.com/occupations-m.htm 493 http://www.census1891.com/occupations-f.htm 494 http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/Library/Shakespeare/Glossary.html

Foreman Family 160

Edwin Mowl7 (11 Months). All are listed as having been born in Exning in Suffolk.

(Mary5, Richard4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Richard Stubbings6 (35 Years) is listed as a married lodger living at the King George Inn in Kings Lynn in Norfolk employed as a sergeant in the Grenadier Guards. Richard is listed as having been born in Woodditton in Cambridgeshire.

In 1871, Benjamin Bell Askham7 (Rachel6, Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Benjamin Bell Askham and Rachel Askham6 in Bethel Green in London.495

In 1872, David Ambrose7 (Ellen6, John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born

495 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

http://www.british-history.ac.uk/image.aspx?compid=18780&filename=fig05.gif

Foreman Family 161

to Robert and Ellen Ambrose6 in the Sudbury district in Suffolk.496

On 27 July 1873, David Ambrose7 was baptised in Lawshall in Suffolk.497

In 1873, Kate Mowl7 (Joseph6, Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Joseph6 and Elizabeth Mowl in the Newmarket district in Suffolk.498 The entry is spelt as “Mole”.

In 1873, Rose Foreman6 (Charles5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Charles5 and Sarah Foreman in St. George Hanover Square in London.499

In 1873, Ellen Foreman6 (Charles5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Charles5 and Sarah Foreman in St. George Hanover Square in London.500

In 1873, Charlotte Butcher7 (Rachel6, Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Henry and Rachel Butcher6 in the Edmonton District in Essex.501

In 1873, David Mowl7 (Joseph6, Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Joseph6 and Elizabeth Mowl in the Newmarket district in Suffolk.502 The entry is spelt as “Mole”.

In 1873, Thomas Foreman7 (Bellman6, Thomas5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Bellman6 and Martha Foreman in the Newmarket district in Cambridgeshire.503

In 1874, John Quemby Askham7 (Rachel6, Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Benjamin and Rachel Pettitt6 in the Skipton district in Yorkshire-West Riding.504

In 1874, Fortune Clark6 (30 Years) died in Cambridge in Cambridgeshire.

In 1874, Rosa Foreman7 (George6, George5, Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to George6 and Eliza Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.505

In 1874, Harriett Ambrose7 (Ellen6, John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Robert and Ellen Ambrose6 in the Sudbury district in Suffolk.506

496 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 497 http://fp.raylong.plus.com/meleigh/d1.html#P37040 498 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 499 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 500 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 501 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 502 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 503 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 504 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 505 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 506 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Foreman Family 162

In 1874, Edith Maria Foreman7 (Bellman6, Thomas5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Bellman6 and Martha Foreman in the Newmarket district in Cambridgeshire.507

In 1875, Ellen Sophia Foreman7 (Bellman6, Thomas5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Bellman6 and Martha Foreman in the Newmarket district in Cambridgeshire.508

In 1876, Charles Foreman5 died in St George Hanover in Middlesex.509

In 1876, Mary Ann Foreman6 (Charles5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Charles5 and Sarah Foreman in St. George Hanover Square in London.510

507 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 508 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 509 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 510 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Broad Street, Lambeth North, c. 1915

View of Crowleys Alton Ale Wharf from Broad Street, now Black Prince Road.

Princes Street and Upper Fore Street can be seen on the left. This area was replaced by the Albert Embankment.

http://www.ideal-homes.org.uk/lambeth/lambeth-north/broad-street-01.htm

Foreman Family 163

It appears that Mary Ann’s father died during or just after her mother’s pregnancy. This means that Mary Ann and her siblings grew up with no father and a working mother. Census records show that her mother never remarried.

In 1876, Minnie Rachel Askham7 (Rachel6, Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Benjamin Bell Askham and Rachel Askham6 in the Skipton district in Yorshire-West Riding.511

In 1876, Hannah Mowl7 (Joseph6, Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Joseph6 and Elizabeth Mowl in the Newmarket district in Suffolk.512 The entry is spelt as “Mole”.

In 1877, Sophia Rebecca Mowl7 (Joseph6, Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Joseph6 and Elizabeth Mowl in the Newmarket district in Suffolk.513 The entry is spelt as “Mole”.

In 1878, John Ambrose7 (Ellen6, John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Robert and Ellen Ambrose6 in the Sudbury district in Suffolk.514

In 1877, Robert Foreman6 married Maria Elizabeth Ranner in the Newmarket district of Cambridgeshire.515

In 1877, William Foreman7 (Philip6, John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Philip5 and Elizabeth Foreman in the Eton district in Buckinghamshire.516

In 1878, Albert Edward Foreman7 (George6, George5, Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to George6 and Eliza Foreman in Hartest, Suffolk.517

In 1878, Hephzibah Pettitt6 married James Murden in the district of Newmarket in Cambridgeshire.

In 1878, William Foreman7 (Bellman6, Thomas5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Bellman6 and Martha Foreman in the Newmarket district in Cambridgeshire.518

In 1879, Arthur Mowl7 (Joseph6, Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Joseph6 and Elizabeth Mowl in the Newmarket district in Suffolk.519 The entry is spelt as “Mole”.

In 1879, Norah Elizabeth Foreman7 (Robert6, Jeremiah5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Robert6 and Maria Foreman in the Newmarket district of Cambridgeshire.520

1880 511 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 512 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 513 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 514 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 515 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 516 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 517 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 518 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 519 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 520 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Foreman Family 164

In 1880, Jane Ambrose7 (Ellen6, John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Robert and Ellen Ambrose6 in the Cosford district in Suffolk.521

In 1880, Charles Elliot Askham7 (Rachel6, Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Benjamin Bell Askham and Rachel Askham6 in the Thanet district in Kent.522

In 1880, William Henry Butcher7 (Rachel6, Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Henry and Rachel Butcher6 in the Edmonton district in Essex.523

In 1880, Elizabeth Ann Foreman7 (Philip6, John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Philip5 and Elizabeth Foreman in Wandsworth in Surrey.524

In 1880, Hannah Susan Foreman7 (Bellman6, Thomas5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Bellman6 and Martha Foreman in the Newmarket district in Cambridgeshire.525

1881 Census

(William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• Abraham Foreman5 (46 Years) is listed as a widower living on Canterbury Place in the St. Benedict’s Parish in Norwich, Norfolk employed as a cab driver. Living with Abraham5 was his wife Elizabeth Foreman (36 years), sons William Foreman6 (16 Years) and George Foreman6 (12 Years) and Charles Foreman6 (9 Years) and daughter Elizabeth Foreman6 (18 Years). Elizabeth is employed as a housekeeper and William6 is employed as a brushmaker.

Abraham is listed as having been born in Whepstone, Suffolk, William6, George6, Charles6 and Elizabeth6 are listed as having been born in Norwich, Norfolk.

(John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• Robert Ambrose (33 Years) is listed as living on Hayes Lanes in Monks Eleigh in Suffolk employed as an agriculture laborer. Living with Robert was his wife Ellen Ambrose6 (33 Years), daughters Sarah Ambrose7 (11 Years), Harriett Ambrose7 (6 Years), Jane Ambrose7 (1 Year) and sons David Ambrose7 (8 Years) and John Ambrose7 (3 Years). Robert, David7, Harriett7 and John7 are listed as having been born in Lawshall in Suffolk, Ellen6 and Sarah7 in Whepstead in Suffolk and Jane7 in Monks Eleigh in Suffolk.

(Charles5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• Sarah Foreman (46 Years) is listed as living at 9 Glasgow Terrace, in the parish of St. George Hanover Square, Westminster, London a widow employed as a Charwoman (Cleaning woman). Living with Sarah are her daughters Charlotte Foreman6 (16 Years), Rose Foreman6 (7 Years), Helen Foreman6 (7 Years) and Mary Foreman6 (4 Years). Charlotte is listed as employed as a servant.

521 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 522 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 523 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 524 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 525 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Foreman Family 165

Sarah is listed as having been born in Hampstead, Middlesex and all of the children in Pimlico, Middlesex.

• Alice Foreman6 (18 Years) is listed as living at 41 Lowndes St., Knightsbridge, Westminster, London working as a kitchen maid for the household. The leader of the household was Frederick G. Banbury (30 Years) who was a member of the London Stock Exchange. Living with Frederick was his wife Elizabeth Banbury (30 Years), daughter Florence E. Banbury (6 Years) and son Charles W. Banbury (4 Years). Also employed by the Banbury family was the butler Frederick Williams (24 Years), Lady’s Maid Elise Dupris (25 Years), cook Mary Roche (38 Years), nurse Mary Moore (36 Years) and housekeeper Elizabeth Oliver (26 Years).

Alice Foreman is listed as having been born in Pimlico, Middlesex.

• Ann Stillwell (58 Years, actually incorrectly listed as 68 Years) is listed as living at 54 Southerland Ave. in the parish of St. George Hanover Square in Westminster, London as an unemployed blind single woman. Living with Ann was Lucy Foreman6 (14 Years) who was actually her great niece. Both are listed as having been born in Pimlico, Middlesex.

(Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Jeremiah Foreman5 (72 Years) is listed as living on Cheveley in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire employed as an agriculture laborer. Living with Jeremiah5 was his daughter Rachel Foreman6 (25 Years), housekeeper and son John Foreman6 (36 Years), agriculture laborer, grandson Alfredo Foreman7 (24 Years), shepherd and granddaughter Eliza Foreman7 (13 Years). All are listed as having been born in Cheverley in Cambridgeshire.

(Jeremiah5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Robert Foreman6 (34 Years) is listed as living on Cheveley Street in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire employed as an agriculture laborer. Living with Robert was his wife Maria E. Foreman (31 Years) and his daughter Norah Foreman7 (1 Year). Robert6 and Norah7 are listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire and Maria in Ashley in Cambridgeshire.

(Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• George Foreman5 (67 Years) is listed as living at North End in Hartest, Suffolk employed as a journeyman bricklayer. Living with George is his daughter Helly M. Foreman (26 Years) who was employed as a housekeeper. Both are listed as having been born in Hartest, Suffolk.

(George5, Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• George Foreman Jr. 6 (39 Years) is listed as at north (nr.) Somerset in Hartest, Suffolk employed as a grocer and beer seller. Living with George is his wife Eliza Foreman (41 Years), daughters Elizabeth Foreman7 (15 Years) and Caroline A. Foreman7 (12 Years) and Rosa Foreman7 (7 Years) and Albert E. Foreman7 (1 Year). All are listed as having been born in Hartest, Suffolk. Eliza is employed as

Foreman Family 166

a grocer and beer seller and Elizabeth7 is listed as being employed as a grocer shop woman.

(John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• Philip Foreman6 (37 Years) is listed as living at 26 Red Field Lane in Kensington in London employed as a coachman and groom. Living with Philip was his wife Ann Elizabeth Foreman (36 Years), son Frederick Foreman7 (12 Years), William Foreman7 (3 Years), and daughters Elizabeth Ann Foreman7 (10 Months). Also living with Philip was a visitor Jacob Rawlings (23 Years), an unemployed laborer.

Philip6 is listed as having been born in Whepstead in Suffolk, Elizabeth and Jabob in Pitcombe in Somerset, Frederick7 in St. Pancras in London, William7 in Datchet in Buckinghamshire, Elizabeth7 in Wandsworth in London, Ada7 in South

Kensington in London.

(Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Jabez Pettitt (68 Years) is listed as living at The Little Green Cottage in Ceveley in Cambridgeshire employed as a boot and shoemaker. Living with Jabez is his wife Susan Pettitt5 (60 Years), son Jabez Pettitt6 (21 Year) employed as a boot and shoe maker and daughter Susan Pettitt6 (18 Years). Also living with Jabez is his grandson Frederick Clark7 (10 Years) and his brother in law, a lodger Thomas

http://www oldstratforduponavon com/londonnorth html

Foreman Family 167

Foreman5 (68 Years) whose occupation is listed as an agriculture laborer. All are listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire except for Jabez who was born in Kirtling in Cambridgeshire and Frederick7 who was born in Cambridge in Cambridgeshire.

(Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Harry Pettitt6 (26 Years) is listed as a boarder living at 39 Princess Street in Horninglow in Staffordshire employed as a brewer’s laborer. The head of the household is William Smith, also a brewer’s laborer. Harry6 is listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire.

• Benjamin Bell Askham (31 Years) is listed as living at 2 May’s Villas on May’s Road in Ramsgate in Kent employed as a book publisher. Living with Benjamin was his wife Rachel Askham6 (32 Years), sons Benjamin Bell Askham7 (9 Years), John L. Askham7 (7 Years), Charles E. Askham7 (1 Year) and daughter Minmia R. Askham7 (4 Years). Benjamin is listed as having been born in Cheddleton in Staffordshire, Rachel6 in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire, Benjamin7 in Bethel Green in London, John7 in Barnoldwick in Yorkshire, Minnie7 in Earby in Yorkshire and Charles7 in Ramsgate in Kent.

(Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Henry Butcher (40 Years) is listed as living on Greenfield Street in Waltham Abbey in Essex employed as a toolmaker for the gun cap factory. Living with Henry was his wife Rachel Butcher6 (44 Years), daughters Rachel Butcher7 (11 Years), Rebecca Butcher7 (11 Years), Charlotte Butcher7 (8 Years) and William G. F. H. Butcher7 (1 Year).

Henry and Rachel6 are listed as having been born in Exning in Suffolk, Rachel7 and Rebecca Butcher7 in Soham in Cambridgeshire, Charlotte7 and William7 in Waltham Cross in Hertfordshire.

• Joseph Mowl6 (40 Years) is listed as living at Cotton End in Exning in Suffolk employed as a gardener. Living with Joseph6 was his wife Elizabeth Mowl (40 Years) sons James Mowl7 (16 Years), an agriculture laborer, William Mowl7 (3 Years) and Edwin Mowl7 (10 Years), David Mowl7 (7 Years), Arthur Mowl7 (1 Year) and daughters Elizabeth Mowl7 (15 Years), a domestic servant, Kate Mowl7 (8 Years), Hannah Mowl7 (5 Years) and Sophia Mowl7 (3 Years). All are listed as having been born in Exning in Suffolk. Elizabeth Mowl7 was not listed with the family in 1871 census and there is no record currently known of her whereabouts in 1871.

The family is listed as “Mole” on both census entry and on several birth entries between the 1871 and 1901 censuses. The family is again listed as “Mowl” on the 1901 census. Considering that Joseph was a career gardener, it would be interesting if he used the name “Mole” as an advertising scheme.

(Thomas5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Bellman Foreman6 (39 Years) is listed as living on Cheveley Street in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire employed as an agriculture laborer. Living with Bellman was his

Foreman Family 168

wife Martha Foreman (39 Years) daughter Florence E. Foreman7 (10 Years), Edith M. Foreman7 (6 Years), Ellen S. Foreman7 (5 Years), Hannah S. Foreman7 (5 Months) and sons Thomas Foreman7 (8 Years) and William Foreman7 (3 Years). Bellman and the children are listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire and Martha in Exning in Suffolk.

In 1882, Minnie Rachel Askham7 died in Burton upon Trent in Derbyshire.526

Around 1882, Bertie Mowl7 (Joseph6, Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Joseph6 and Elizabeth Mowl in Exning in Suffolk.527

In 1882, Ellen Ambrose7 (Ellen6, John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Robert and Ellen Ambrose6 in the Monks Eleigh in Suffolk.528

On 16 April 1882, Ellen Ambrose7 was baptised in Milden in Suffolk.529

In 1883, Minna Rachel Askham7 (Rachel6, Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Benjamin Bell Askham and Rachel Askham6 in Burnley in Lancastershire.530

In 1883, Frederick Galloway Clark (38 Years) died in Cambridge in Cambridgeshire.531

In 1883, Ada Foreman7 (Philip6, John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Philip5 and Elizabeth Foreman in Kensington in London.532

In 1883, Mary Annie Foreman7 (Bellman6, Thomas5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Bellman6 and Martha Foreman in the Newmarket district in Cambridgeshire.533

In 1886, William Embery Foreman7 (Robert6, Jeremiah5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Robert6 and Maria Foreman in the Newmarket district of Cambridgeshire.534

In 1886, Jabez Elliot Pettitt6 married Ellen Skeet in the Newmarket district in Cambridgeshire.535

In 1886, Charlotte Foreman6 married John Stocker in Westminster in London.536

In 1886, Ruth Hilda Foreman7 (Robert6, Jeremiah5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Robert6 and Maria Foreman in the Newmarket district of Cambridgeshire.537

In 1886, Sarah May Foreman7 (Bellman6, Thomas5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Bellman6 and Martha Foreman in the Newmarket district in Cambridgeshire.538 526 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 527 1891 English Census 528 http://fp.raylong.plus.com/meleigh/d1.html#P37040 529 http://fp.raylong.plus.com/meleigh/d1.html#P37040 530 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 531 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 532 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 533 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 534 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 535 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 536 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 537 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Foreman Family 169

In 1887, George Foreman 5 died in Sudbury in Suffolk.539

In 1887, Minnie Florence Stocker7 (Charlotte6, Charles5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to John and Charlotte Stocker6 in Fulham in London.540

In 1887, Isaac Pettitt7 (Jabez6, Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Jabez6 and Ellen Pettitt5 in the New Market District in Cambridgeshire.541

In 1887, Robert Norris Foreman7 (Robert6, Jeremiah5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Robert6 and Maria Foreman in the Newmarket district of Cambridgeshire.542

Around 1889, Lillian M. Stocker7 (Charlotte6, Charles5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to John and Charlotte Stocker6 in Fulham in London.543

Around 1889, William Pettitt7 (Jabez6, Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Jabez6 and Ellen Pettitt5 in the New Market District in Cambridgeshire.544

In 1889, James William Mowl7 married Ada Lydia Johnson in the Newmarket district in Suffolk.

1890 In 1891, Rachel Butcher6 (53 Years) died in the Edmonton district of Hertfordshire.545

1891 Census

(William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• Abraham W. Foreman5 (56 Years) is listed as living on Livingstone Place in Norwich, Norfolk employed as a cab driver. Living with Abraham5 was his wife Ellen M. Foreman (55 Years) and his son Charles Foreman6 (19 Years). Charles6 is employed as a clicker. A clicker is one who made eyelet holes or uppers in boots using a machine which clicked, or a person in charge of the final stage of layout before printing in the print industry, or the servant of a salesman who stood at the door to invite customers in.

Abraham5 is listed as having been born in Whepstone in Suffolk, Ellen in Slowley in Norfolk and Charles6 in Norwich, Norfolk.

(Charles5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• Sarah Foreman (56 years) is listed as living at 145 Tachbrook Street in St. John the Evangelist Parish, Westminster, London, living as an unemployed widow. Living with Sarah are her daughters Alice Foreman6 (28 Years), Lucy Foreman6, (24 Years), Rose Foreman6 (17 Years), and Mary Ann Foreman6 (14 Years). Also

538 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 539 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 540 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 541 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 542 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 543 1891 English Census 544 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 545 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983

Foreman Family 170

living with Sarah is her grandson Fred K. Foreman (7 Years) and her aunt Ann Stillwell (68 Years), a blind single woman living by her own means.

Alice Foreman6 is listed as being employed as a dressmaker, Lucy6 and Rose6 Foreman are listed as being employed as working with dresses (mantel? maker, Dress). Sarah is listed as having been born in Hampstead, Middlesex, and all of the children and Ann Stillwell are listed as having been born in Pimlico, Middlesex. Fred K. is listed as having been born in Woolwich, Middlesex.

• John Stocker (28 Years) is listed as living at 63 St. James Place in Westminster in London employed as the chambers manager for the building which employed 5 servants and a club steward. Living with John was his wife Charlotte M. Stocker 6 (26 Years) and his daughters Minnie F. Stocker7(3 Years) and Lillian Stocker7 (1 Year). Also living with John is his sister Ellen Foreman6 (17 Years), a nurse. The census originally incorrectly named the family as Storker but a change was made to John’s entry changing the “r” to a “c”.

John is listed as having been born in Little Pantin in Flintshire in Wales, Charlotte, Minnie and Ellen in Pimlico in Middlesex, and Lillian in St James in Westminster in London.

• Charles Foreman6 (22 Years) is listed as living at The Army & Navy Club at 36 Pall Mall in Westminster in London employed as 1 of 74 servants working as a waiter for the club. Charles6 is listed as having been born in Pimlico in London.

(John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• Philip Foreman6 (47 Years) is listed as living at 26 Red Field Lane in Kensington in London employed as a coachman and groom. Living with Philip was his wife Elizabeth A. Foreman (43 Years), son William Foreman7 (13 Years), and daughters Elizabeth Foreman7 (10 Years) and Ada Foreman7 (8 Years).

Philip6 is listed as having been born in Whepstead in Suffolk, Elizabeth in Somerset, William7 in Datchet in Buckinghamshire, Elizabeth7 in Wandsworth in London, Ada7 in South Kensington in London.

• Robert Ambrose (43 Years) is listed as living on Hayses Farm in Monks Eleigh in Suffolk employed as an agriculture laborer. Living with Robert was his wife Ellen Ambrose6 (43 Years), daughters Jane Ambrose7 (11 Year), Annie Ambrose7 (8 Years) and sons David Ambrose7 (18 Years) and John Ambrose7 (13 Years). Robert, David7 and John7 are listed as having been born in Lawshall in Suffolk, Ellen6 in Whepstead in Suffolk and Jane7 and Annie7 in Monks Eleigh in Suffolk.

(George5, Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• George Foreman Jr.6 (49 Years) is listed as living in Hartest in Somerton, Suffolk employed as a public house shopkeeper. Living with George is his wife Eliza Foreman (51 Years), daughters Elizabeth Foreman7 (25 Years) and Caroline A. Foreman7 (22 Years) and Rosa Foreman7 (17 Years) and Albert E. Foreman7 (11 years). All are listed as having been born in Hartest, Suffolk.

(Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

Foreman Family 171

• Jabez Pettitt (78 Years) is listed as living at Little Green in Ceveley in Cambridgeshire employed as a shoemaker. Living with Jabez is his wife Susan Pettitt5 (70 Years), Jabez is listed as having been born in Kirtling in Cambridgeshire and Susan in Kirtling in Cambridgeshire.

(Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Jabez Pettitt6 (31 Years) is listed as living on Saxon Street in Woodditton in Cambridgeshire employed as a journeyman shoemaker. Living with Jabez is his wife Ellen Pettitt (25 Years) and his sons Issac Pettitt7 (4 Years) and William Pettitt7 (2 Years).

Jabez6 is listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire, Ellen in Bucklesham in Suffolk and the children in Woodditton in Cambridgeshire.

• Benjamin Bell Askham (42 Years) is listed as living at 9 High Street in Doncaster in York West Riding employed as a commission agent. Living with Benjamin was his wife Rachel Askham6 (42 Years), sons Benjamin Bell Askham7 (19 Years), John Quemby Askham7 (17 Years), Charles Elliot Askham7 (10 Year) and daughter Minna Rachel Askham7 (8 Years). Also living with Benjamin was a servant Hannah Holindsworth (16 Years). Benjamin is listed as having been born in Cheddleton in Staffordshire, Rachel6 in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire, Benjamin7 in Bethel Green in London, John7 in Barnoldwick in Yorkshire, Minmia7 in Burnby in Lancastershier and Charles7 in Ramsgate in Kent.

• Hetty M. Foreman (35 Years) is listed as living at 20 Whiting Street in Bury St. Edmunds in Suffolk employed as a palour maid for Francis M. Bland, Bank Manager and J.P (Junior Partner?). She is one of five servants for the household. Hetty is shown as having been born in Hartest in Suffolk.

(Rachel6, Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Henry Butcher (50 Years) is listed as living on Cold Hall in Chestnut in Hertfordshire employed as a fitter. A fitter is a person who assembles several portions of machinery together.546 Living with Henry were his daughters Rachel Butcher7 (21 Years), Rebecca Butcher7 (21 Years), a dressmaker, Charlotte Butcher7 (18 Years), a pupil teacher and son William Butcher7 (11 Year).

Henry is listed as having been born in Exing in Suffolk, Rachel7 and Rebecca Butcher7 in Soham in Cambridgeshire, Charlotte7 and William7 in Waltham Cross in Hertfordshire.

(Fortune6, Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Alfred7 (21 Years) and Frederick Clark7 (20 Years) are listed as lodgers living at 44 Norfolk Street in Cambridge in Cambridgeshire headed by Timothy Caldecoat (66 Years), a boot maker. Alfred7 was employed as a boot maker warehouseman and Frederick7 as a boot maker. Both are listed as having been born in Cambridgeshire.

546 http://www.census1891.com/occupations-f.htm

Foreman Family 172

(Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Jeremiah Foreman5 (85 Years) is listed as living on Cheveley in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire employed as an agriculture laborer. Living with Jeremiah5 was his daughter Rachel Foreman6 (33 Years), housekeeper and son Charles Foreman6 (39 Years), agriculture laborer, and granddaughters Eliza Foreman7 (11 Years) and Mabel Foreman7 (4 Years). All are listed as having been born in Cheverley in Cambridgeshire.

(Thomas5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Bellman Foreman6 (49 Years) is listed as living at Dover Cottage in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire employed as an assistant gamekeeper. Living with Bellman was his wife Martha Foreman (49 Years) daughters Hannah S. Foreman7 (10 Years), Mary Foreman7 (8 Years), Sarah Foreman7 (5 Years) and sons Thomas Foreman7 (18 Years), a carter and William Foreman7 (13 Years), a farm laborer. A carter is defined as a carman, carrier, drayman or wagoneer, all of which pertain to deliveries maid by a horse drawn wagon.547 Bellman and the children are listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire and Martha in Exning in Suffolk.

(Bellman6, Thomas5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Florence E. Foreman7 (20 Years) is listed as living 8 Beatrice Rd in Hornsey in Middlesex employed as a general servant for the household of Rose Sparks, wife. The head of household is not listed on the census. Florence7 is listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire.

• Edith M. Foreman7 (16 Years) is listed has living at the Woodland House on Manor Road in Chipping Barnet in Hertsfordshire employed as a general servant for Jane Crane who was living by her own means. Edith7 was the only servant for the household. Edith7 is listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire.

• Ellen S. Foreman7 (17 Years) is listed as living at 47 Khedive Drive in West Ham in Essex employed as a general domestic servant for the household of Frederick J Norrie, rate collector for the Boro of West Ham. Ellen7 is listed as having been born in Cambridgeshire.

(Jeremiah5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Robert Foreman6 (44 Years) is listed as living on Cheveley Street in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire employed as a groom. Living with Robert was his wife Maria E. Foreman (41 Years) daughters Norah Foreman7 (11 Year), Eva H. Foreman7 (9 Years), Ruth H. Foreman7 (5 Years) and sons William Foreman7 (7 Years) and Robert Foreman7 (3 Years). All are listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire except for Maria and Norah7 who were born in Ashley in Cambridgeshire.

(Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

547 http://www.census1891.com/occupations-c.htm

Foreman Family 173

• Joseph Mowl6 (50 Years) is listed as living at Mill Hill in Exning in Suffolk employed as a gardener. Living with Joseph6 was his wife Elizabeth Mowl (50 Years), sons Edwin Mowl7 (21 Years), a stud laborer (groom), David Mowl7 (17 Years), an apprenticed laborer, Arthur Mowl7 (11 Year), Bertie Mowl7 (9 Years) and daughters Elizabeth Mowl7 (25 Years), a cook domestic servant, Hannah Mowl7 (15 Years), pupil school teacher and Sophia Mowl7 (13 Years). All are listed as having been born in Exning in Suffolk.

(Joseph6, Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• James W. Mowl7 (26 Years) is listed as living on Oxford Street in Exning in Suffolk employed as a gardener. Living with James7 was his wife Ada L. Mowl (22 Years) and his niece Cassline Haws (4 Years). James7 is listed as having been born in Exning in Suffolk and Ada and Cassline in Hitcham in Cambridgeshire.

• Kate Mowl7 (18 Years) is listed as living as a domestic servant at 15 Lawn Road in Hampstead in London employed as a housemaid for Edwin Johnson, Professor of Classics. Kate7 is listed as having been born in Exning in Cambridgeshire.

On 20th June 1837 Queen Victoria acceded to the Throne, the Electric Telegraph was patented and in August, The Army & Navy Club was founded. The first President, Lt General Sir Edward Barnes, had fought at the Battle of Waterloo, storming and recovering Quatre Bras at the head of the 92nd Regiment. In 1838 he was succeeded by a distinguished sailor, Admiral Sir Philip Durham who had commanded HMS Defiance at the Battle of Trafalgar, boarding and capturing the French ‘Aigle’.

The Club was formed to meet the needs of the many army officers who were waiting to join the other Service Clubs, which were already full. Royal Navy and Royal Marines officers were included at the behest of the Duke of Wellington, who refused to become Patron or a member unless they were offered membership. The Club opened at No 1 King Street with a joining fee of 15 guineas and a subscription of 5 guineas. The rules included ‘no gambling or smoking’.

Foreman Family 174

Shortly after opening, the Club acquired its famous nickname, when Captain William (Billy) Higginson Duff, a colourful character with a brief and

undistinguished military career was offended by the spartan nature of the fare offered to him on returning from a spree. He described the Club as a ‘Rag and Famish affair’ which was intended as a great insult since the ‘Rag and Famish’ was a squalid gaming house ‘for broken down gamblers who played for coppers’. The members were amused rather than insulted by this and formed a ‘Rag and Famish’ dining club. The name was adopted as the Club’s nickname, eventually being reduced to the ‘The Rag’. Captain Duff’s behaviour did not improve and he was later sentenced to six months in jail for assaulting a constable.

In 1850 a magnificent clubhouse was built on the corner of St James’s Square, which was to serve members until 1959 when it was replaced by the present building. It was at a dinner in the Club on 6 May 1858, that a new term was coined when the Chairman,

Major General Sir Fenwick Williams raised his glass to Colonel Guerin of the French 15th Ligne and proposed the toast ‘L’Entente Cordial’, marking the Anglo French alliance in the Crimea.

The Army & Navy Club is deeply entwined in British history. Eleven members were killed at the Charge of the Light Brigade and members have been present at every British military and naval engagement since then, often serving with distinction.

Memories of past glory survive in the pictures decorating the corridors and rooms of the Club – battle scenes and portraits of famous military men, cases of medals and historical memorabilia, as well as a mounted penguin – a survivor from the Scott Antarctic Expedition.

No. 63 St. James's Street

The present building at No. 63 St. James's Street (Plate 276d) was erected upon the site of Fenton's Hotel between 1886 and 1888. The architects were Messrs. Davis and Emanuel of Finsbury Circus, and the builders were Messrs. Colls and Sons of Moorgate Street. (ref. 2)

Foreman Family 175

The building was designed to house the Meistersingers Club, whose rooms on the first and second floors comprised a concert hall with dressing-rooms, a smoking-room, small dining room, drawing-room and billiard-room. They were reached by a separate staircase from the passageway to Blue Ball Yard which ran through the southernmost bay of the building. The ground floor and basement were to be used as business premises, and were originally entered through a doorway in the central bay of the street front. The doorway in the northernmost bay provided a separate entrance to the bachelor chambers on the third and fourth floors. The fifth floor housed service rooms for the chambers on the floors below. (ref. 3)

The carving on the façade was by Gilbert Scale of Thurlow Street, Walworth. (ref. 3) The cast-iron chimneypieces in the club rooms were made by the Coalbrookdale Iron Company; one was designed by Alfred Stevens and another by Maurice B. Adams. (ref. 4) The building was completed in July 1888. (ref. 3)

The Meistersingers Club occupied the building for only a few years and was followed in 1894 by the Royal Societies Club, which remained there until about 1941. (ref. 5) In 1935 the central doorway on the street front was replaced by a bay window. (ref. 6) In 1945 the building was taken over for use as offices by John Walker and Sons, distillers. (ref. 7)

The front of this building rises for five lofty storeys, all with round-arched windows, the first four storeys being divided into five bays, and the fifth reduced to three with the middle one surmounted by a two-light dormer, backed by a steep pavilion roof crested with ironwork. The second and fourth bays are strongly accented, by canted bay windows rising through the second and third storeys to finish with equilateral pediments, and by Corinthian pilasters embracing the fourth and fifth storeys to support Baroque entablatures. The wide middle bay is treated with some reticence in the second and third storeys, but in the fourth and fifth is a great moulded arch enclosing a bay window below a three-light lunette. The two-light dormer above is flanked by inverted consoles and crowned with an equilateral pediment having a spiky finial. But no description can give a true idea of the ingenuity and perverted taste displayed in this extraordinary front, which looks rather like a late Victorian music-hall designed by a latterday disciple of Dietterling, although its vulgarity is somewhat redeemed by the use of Portland stone throughout. 548

In 1891, Rachel Askham6 (43 Years) died in Doncaster in Yorkshire-West Riding.

In 1891, Bejamin Bell Askham7 married Elizabeth Louisa Lee in Peterborough in Cambridgeshire.

In 1892, Ralph Herbert Mowl8 (James7, Joseph6, Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to James7 and Ada Mowl in the Newmarket district in Suffolk.549

In 1892, Benjamin Bell Askham (43 Years) died in Doncaster in Yorkshire-West Riding. 548 http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=40623 549 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Foreman Family 176

Benjamin Bell Askham and his wife Rachel Askham6 died within 1 year of each other (maybe less time) each at the age of 43 years. Their son had his wedding around the same time. The proximity of the deaths and their ages indicate that they could have been sticken by the same illness or calamity. The death certificates for both of them will confirm a connection.

In 1892, Abraham William Foreman5 died in Norwich in Norfolk.550

In 1893, George Foreman, Jr. 6 died in Sudbury in Suffolk.551

In 1893, Bell Askham8 is born to Benjamin Bell Askham7 and Louisa Askham in Doncaster in Yorkshire-West Riding.

In 1893, Violet Annie R Stocker7 (Charlotte6, Charles5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to John and Charlotte Stocker6 in Fulham in London.552

In 1893, Cornelius Harold Foreman7 (Robert6, Jeremiah5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Robert6 and Maria Foreman in the Newmarket district of Cambridgeshire.553

On 25 December 1893, David Ambrose7 married Maria Harvey in the Chelsworth in Suffolk.554

In 1894, Sarah Jane Foreman died in St George Hanover in Middlesex.555

In 1894, Robert Walter Ambrose8 (David7, Ellen6, John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to David7 and Maria Ambrose in the Cosford district in Suffolk.556

In 1895, Alfred Ludman Clark7 married Jane (?) in Cambridge in Cambridgeshire.

550 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 551 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 552 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 553 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 554 http://fp.raylong.plus.com/meleigh/d1.html#P37040 555 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 556 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Foreman Family 177

On July 10th 1895, Mary Ann Foreman6 (19 Years) married William Brooker (23 years) at the parish church in Walthamstow in the County of Essex. William Brooker5 was unmarried, lived in Walthamstow and was employed as a Dairy Man. Mary Ann Foreman, born April 11, 1876557, daughter of Charles Leonard Foreman, deceased was unmarried and lived on 57 Charlwood St. in Pimlico in the County of Middlesex. The ceremony was witnessed by Henry Jackson and Annie Agetha DeBrion.558 History continued in Brooker family chapter.

In 1896, Rose Foreman6 married Charles Walter Couch in St. George Hanover in Middlesex.559

In 1896, Hettia Selina Ambrose8 (David7, Ellen6, John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to David7 and Maria Ambrose in the Cosford district in Suffolk.560

In 1896, Edith Maria Foreman7 married Francis Henry Patey in Islington in London.

In 1897, Irene Ellen F Couch7 (Rose6, Charles5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Charles and Rose Couch6 in St George Hanover Square in London.561

In 1897, Jabez Pettitt (84 Years) died in the New Market district in Cambridgeshire.562 557 Family Bible owned by Lillian Annie Brooker Hoare in the possession of Doris Hoare Heyns. 558 1895 Marriage Certificate: William Brooker, Mary Ann Foreman. 559 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 560 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 561 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 562 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983

1915: Lillian Annie Brooker (Standing Left Side),

Twin sisters Rose Foreman Couch, Ellen (Nell) Foreman with their children. Received from Doris Heyns

Foreman Family 178

In 1897, Susan Pettitt5 (76 Years) died in the New Market district in Cambridgeshire.563

In 1897, Frederick Galloway Clark7 married Anna Edith Webb in Cambridge in Cambridgeshire.

In 1897, Hilda Amy Clark8 (Alfred7, Fortune6, Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Alfred7 and Jane Clark in Cambridge in Cambridgeshire.564

Both Jabez and Susan Pettitt5 were registered in the Apr-May-Jun quarter of 1897 but only the death certificate will confirm whether their death was due to the same cause or just coincidential.

In 1897, Florence May Patey8 (Edith7, Bellman6, Thomas5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Francis and Edith Patey7 in Islington in London.565

In 1898, Walter George Ambrose8 (David7, Ellen6, John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to David7 and Maria Ambrose in the Cosford district in Suffolk.566

In 1899, Charlotte Mary Stocker6 (Charles5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) died in Fulham in London.567

In 1899, Herbert Clement S Couch7 (Rose6, Charles5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Charles and Rose Couch6 in Fulham in London.568

In 1899, David Ambrose8 (David7, Ellen6, John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to David7 and Maria Ambrose in the Cosford district in Suffolk.569

1900 In 1900, Ellen Esther Ambrose8 (David7, Ellen6, John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to David7 and Maria Ambrose in the Bosmere district in Suffolk.570

In 1900, James Stocker married Annie (?) in Fulham in London.571

In 1900, Victor Frederick Clark8 (Alfred7, Fortune6, Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1) was born to Alfred7 and Jane Clark in Cambridge in Cambridgeshire.572

In 1900, Cecil Frank Couch7 (Rose6, Charles5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1) was born to Charles and Rose Couch6 in Melton Mowbray in Leicestershire.573

1901 Census

(George5, Thomas4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

563 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 564 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 565 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 566 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 567 FreeBMD Death Index 1837-1983 568 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 569 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 570 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 571 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 572 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 573 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Foreman Family 179

• Eliza Foreman (61 Years) is listed as living in Hartest in Somerton, West Suffolk employed as a beer house and general shop keeper. Living with Eliza are her daughter Caroline A. Foreman7 (32 Years) and her son Albert E. Foreman7 (21 Years) who is employed as a cashier. Both Eliza and Albert are listed as living by their own means. All are listed as having been born in Hartest, Suffolk.

(Fortune6, Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Frederick G. Clark7 (30 Years) is listed as living at 83 Fitzroy Street in Cambridge in Cambridgeshire employed as a cordwainer (self employed). Living with Frederick7 is his wife Anna E. Clark (31 Years) and his daughter Edith M Clark8 (2 Years). Also living with Frederick was his widowed mother-in-law Betsy Webb (61 Years), a self employed needlewoman and his brother-in-law Frederick G. Webb (23 Years), a college servant. Frederick Clark, Anna and Frederick Webb are listed as being born in Cambridge in Cambridgeshire, Edith in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire and Betsy in Six Mile Bottom in Cambridgeshire.

• Alfred L. Clark7 (31 Years) is listed as living at 3 Cromwell Place in Cambridge in Cambridgeshire employed as a canned fruit and meats factory foreman. Living with Alfred is his wife Jane Clark (29 Years), his daughter Hilda A. Clark8 (3 Years) and his son Victor F. Clark8 (1 Year). All are listed as having been born in Cambridge in Cambridgeshire.

(Rachel6, Susan5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Benjamin Bell Askham (51 Years) is listed as living at 46 Holden Street in West Derby in Liverpool self employed as a bailiff (brokers). Living with Benjamin was his wife Louisa Askham (32 Years) and son Bell Askham (7 Years). Also living with Benjamin were widowed boarders Mary Shillinglaw (65 Years), a chapel keeper and Catherine Shone (75 Years).

Benjamin is listed as having been born in Cheddleton in Staffordshire, Louisa in Crowland in Lincolnshire, Bell in Doncaster in Yorkshire, Mary in Southport in Lancashire and Catherine in Liverpool in Lancashire.

(John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• Philip Foreman6 (57 Years) is listed as living at 11 Childs Street in Kensington in London employed as a coachman and groom. Living with Philip was his wife Elizabeth Foreman (54 Years), married son William Foreman7 (23 Years), a grocer and daughters Elizabeth Foreman7 (20 Years), a lady maid and Ada Foreman7 (18 Years), a florist. Also living with Philip was his nephew John Ambrose7 (23 Years), a poulterer and his niece Louisa Edmonds7 (12 Years). A poulterer is a buyer and seller of poultry.574

Philip6 is listed as having been born in Whepstead in Suffolk, Elizabeth in Somerset, William7 in Datchet in Buckinghamshire, Elizabeth7 in Wandsworth in London, Ada7 in South Kensington in London, John7 in Lawshall in Suffolk and Louisa7 in Winkfield in Berkshire.

574 http://www.census1891.com/occupations-p.htm

Foreman Family 180

• Robert Ambrose (53 Years) is listed as living on Hayses Farm in Monks Eleigh in Suffolk employed as an agriculture laborer. Living with Robert was his wife Ellen Ambrose6 (53 Years). Robert is listed as having been born in Lawshall in Suffolk and Ellen6 in Whepstead in Suffolk.

(Ellen6, John5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• David Ambrose7 (28 Years) is listed as living at Potash Farm on Ipswich Road in Great Bricett in Suffolk employed as a goose keeper for the farm. Living with David7 was his wife Maria Ambrose (25 Years), sons Robert Ambrose8 (6 Years), Walter Ambrose8 (3 Years), David Ambrose8 (2 Years) and daughters Ettie Ambrose8 (4 Years) and Ellen Ambrose8 (10 Months). David7 is listed as having been born in Lawshall in Suffolk, Maria, Robert8 and Ettie8 in Chelworth in Suffolk, Walter8 in Layham in Suffolk, David8 in Whatfield in Suffolk and Ellen8 in Willisham in Suffolk.

• Annie Esther Ambrose (18 Years) is listed as living at 12 Dacres Road in Lewisham in London employed as a nurse for the household of Stanley Wigley (30 Years), a goods merchant and agent. Annie is listed as having been born in Monks Eleigh in Suffolk.

(Charles5, William4, John3, Thomas2, Thomas1)

• John Stocker (38 Years) is listed as living at 48 Whittingstall Road in Westminster in London employed as a butler. Living with John was his wife Annie Stocker6 (21 Years) and his daughters Minnie F. Stocker7 (13 Years), Lillian M. Stocker7 (11 Year) and Violet A. R. Stocker7 (7 Years).

John is listed as having been born in Little Pantin in Flintshire in Wales, Annie in Paddington in London, Minnie in Pimlico in London, Lillian in St James in London and Violet in Fulham in London.

• Charles Walter Couch (27 Years) is listed as living at 20 Stafford Avenue in Melton Mowbray in Leicestershire employed as an electrician. Living with Charles is his wife Rose Couch6 (27 Years), his daughter Irene Couch7 (3 Years) and his sons Herbert Couch7 (2 Years) and Cecil Couch7 (5 Months).

Charles is listed as having been born in Westminster in Middlesex, Rose6and Irene7 in Pimlico in London, Herbert7 in Fulham in London and Cecil7 in Melton Mowbray in Leicestershire.

• Hetty M. Foreman (45 Years) is listed as living at 30 Longcauseway in Peterborough in Northamptonshire employed as the only servant for a single man Reginald A. Savary, bank clerk. Hetty is shown as having been born in Hartest in Suffolk.

(Thomas5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Bellman Foreman6 (59 Years) is listed as living at Broomstick Corner in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire employed as an assistant game keeper. Living with Bellman was his wife Martha Foreman (59 Years), son William Foreman7 (23 Years) and

Foreman Family 181

daughter Sarah M. Foreman7 (15 Years). Bellman6 is listed as having been born in Exning in Suffolk and the rest in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire.

(Bellman6, Thomas5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Florence E. Foreman7 (30 Years) is listed as living 30 Highbury Grove in Islington in London employed as a domestic cook for the household of Harry J. Stokes, doctor of medicine. Florence7 was one of three servants employed by the household. Florence7 is listed as having been born in Cheveley in Newmarket (Cambridgeshire).

• Francis H. Patey (31 Years) is listed as living at 15 Eukel Street in Islington in London employed as a farrier. A farrier is defined as a person who shoes horses.575 Living with Francis was his wife Edith Patey7 (26 Years) and daughter Flora Patey8 (3 Years). Also living with Francis was a boarder Horrace Avin (28 Years), a watchman. Francis is listed as having been born in London, Edith7 in Cambridgeshire, Flora8 in Holloway in London and Horrace in Banbury in Oxfordshire.

• Mary A. Foreman7 (19 Years) is listed as living 19 Dagmar in Hornsey in Middlesex employed as a domestic servant for the household of Claude K. Mills, patent agent. Mary7 was the only servant employed by the household. Mary7 is listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire.

• Hannah Foreman7 (20 Years) is listed as living 31 Landsdowne in Croydon in Surrey employed as a housemaid for the household of Frederick W. Mills, woolen merchant. Mary7 was the only servant employed by the household. Mary7 is listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire.

Mary7 and Hannah7 are both employed by families named Mills which may or may not be a coincidence. It is not known if they were related but it would not be unusual for a reference to be made by one family member to another.

(Jeremiah5, Thomas4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Robert Foreman6 (54 Years) is listed as living on Main Street in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire employed as a gardman for the farm. A gardman is most likely a herdsman or one who cares for cattle. Living with Robert was his wife Maria E. Foreman (51 Years) daughter Ruth H. Foreman7 (14 Years) and sons William Foreman7 (17 Years), fowl man for the farm, Robert Foreman7 (13 Years) and Cornelius Foreman (7 Years). All are listed as having been born in Cheveley in Cambridgeshire except for who was born in Ashley in Cambridgeshire.

(Rachel6, Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• Rachel Butcher7 (31 Years) is listed as living at 63 York Road in Chestnut in Hertfordshire employed as a warehouse forewoman. Living with Rachel7 was her sister Rebecca Butcher7 (31 Years), a dressmaker, and her brother William Butcher7 (21 Year), a railway clerk. Also living with Rachel was a visitor Gladys M. Hogg (5 Years).

575 http://www.census1891.com/occupations-f.htm

Foreman Family 182

Rachel7 and Rebecca Butcher7 are listed as having been born in Soham in Cambridgeshire, William7 in Waltham Cross in Hertfordshire and Gladys in Kilburn in London.

(Joseph6, Rebecca5, William4, James3, James2, Thomas1)

• James W. Mowl7 (36 Years) is listed as living on Burwell Corner in Exning in Suffolk employed as a coal merchant and car man. Living with James7 was his wife Ada L. Mowl (32 Years), a grocer’s shop keeper and son Ralph H. Mowl8 (7 Years) and his sister-in-law Naomi Johnson (18 Years), an assistant in a grocer’s shop. James7 and Ralph8 are listed as having been born in Exning in Suffolk and Ada and Naomi in Hitcham in Cambridgeshire.

Howes Family 183

Howes (1) Bapt. ‘The son of Hugh,’ How, in South England. ‘Howe, Hewe,

propyr name, Hugo (2) Local, ‘of the howes.’ How, a hill, a mound;

cf. Silver How and Fox How in the Lake district of England.576

The paternal grandmother of Lillian Annie Brooker was Eleanor Howes. The Howes family lived in Walthamstow, Essex from at least 1800. There are not any records in the parish index for the Howes family prior to 1800.

1780 William Howes1 was born about 1780.577

1800 William Howes1, a bricklayer578, married Eleanor Barker on 18 Apr 1802 in Walthamstow, Essex.579

Around 1807, James Howes2 (William1) was born to William1 and Eleanor Howes.580

On 21 June1807, James Howes2 was baptized at St. Mary’s Walthamstow. 581

1810 Around 1809, Jonathan Howes2 (William1) was born to William1 and Eleanor Howes.582

On 4 February 1810, Jonathan Howes2 was baptized at St. Mary’s Walthamstow.583

Around 1812, Peter Howes2 (William1) was born to William1 and Eleanor Howes.584

On 5 April 1812, Peter Howes2 was baptized at St. Mary’s Walthamstow.585

Around 1817, Mary Ann Howes2 (William1) was born to William1 and Eleanor Howes.586

On 23 March 1817, Mary Ann Howes2 was baptized at St. Mary’s Walthamstow.587

576 A Dictionary Of English & Welsh Surnames 577 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 578 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum. 579 St Mary Walthamstow Parish Register 580 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 581 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 582 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 583 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 584 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 585 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 586 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum

Howes Family 184

1820 Around 1821, Emma Howes2 (William1) was born around to William and Eleanor Howes.588

On 25 March 1821, Emma Howes2 was baptized at St. Mary’s Walthamstow.589

1830 In 1837, Peter Howes2 married Eliza Duckett in Islington, Middlesex.590

On 8 December 1837, Eleanor Howes3 (Peter2, William1) was born to Peter2 and Eliza Howes in the Waltahamstow Sub-district, in the West Ham District, in the County of Essex. Peter2 and Eliza lived in Hale End in Walthamstow and Peter2 is listed as a labourer.591

1840 In September 1837, William Howes1 (60 Years) died in September 1840. He was buried on September 13, 1840 at St. Mary’s Walthamstow.592

1841 Census

(William1)

• Peter Howes2 (30 Years) is listed as living at Hale End in Walthamstow and as being employed by a gardener. Living with Peter2 was his wife Eliza Howes (30 Years) and his daughter Eleanor Howes3 (3 Years). Peter2 and Eleanor3 are listed as being born in Essex County and Eliza is listed as not being born in Essex County. Eliza is listed on the 1851 Census as being born in Berkshire.

On 28 June 1841, Mary Ann Howes3 (Peter2, William1) was born to Peter2 and Eleanor Howes. She was baptized at St. Mary’s Walthamstow on August 11, 1841. Peter2 and Eleanor are listed as being of Hale End.593

In June 1845, Mary Ann Howes3 (Peter2, William1) died at 4 years old. She was buried at St. Mary’s Walthamstow on June 4, 1845.594

On 29 July 1845, William Peter Howes3 (Peter2, William1) was born to Peter2 and Eleanor Howes. 595

On 31 August 1845, William Peter Howes3 was baptized at St. Mary Walthamstow.596

On 31 August 1845, Jonathan Howes2 married Susan Adams at St. Mary’s Walthamstow. Susan was the daughter of Samuel Adams, Laborer.597

587 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 588 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 589 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 590 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 591 1837 Birth Certificate: Eleanor Howes 592 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 593 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 594 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 595 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 596 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum

Howes Family 185

On 1 March 1848, James Howes3 (Peter2, William1) was born to Peter2 and Eleanor Howes.598

On April 23, 1848, James Howes3 was baptized at St. Mary’s Walthamstow.599

1850 Eliza Howes3 (Peter2, William1) was born on May 31, 1850 to Peter2 and Eleanor Howes. She was baptized at St. Mary’s Walthamstow on July 14, 1850. 600

1851 Census

(William1)

• Peter Howes2 (40 Years) is listed as living on Clay Street in St. John’s parish in Walthamstow, Essex. Living with Peter is his wife Eliza Howes (43 Years), daughters Eleanor Howes3 (13 Years) and Eliza Howes3 (10 Months) and his sons William Peter Howes3 (5 Years) and James Howes3 (3 Years). Peter2 is listed as being a gardener.

All are listed as being born in Walthamstow, Essex except for Eliza Howes who is listed as having been born in Berkshire.

Around September 1855, William Peter Howes3 (10 years) died. He was buried at St. Mary’s Walthamstow on September 5, 1855.601

1860 1861 Census

(William1)

• Peter Howes2 (50 Years) is listed as living on Chapel End in Walthamstow, Essex. Living with Peter is his wife Eliza Howes (53 Years), son Thomas Howes (13 Years) and daughter Eliza Howes3 (10 Years). Peter2 is listed as being a groom.

All are listed as being born in Walthamstow, Essex except for Eliza Duckett Howes who is listed as having been born in Sheale, Berkshire.

In 1864, Eliza Duckett Howes (56 Years) died. She was buried 3 April 1864 at St. Mary’s Walthamstow. She is listed as a resident of Tower Hamlet.602

On September 15, 1866, Peter Howes2 (abt 55 Years) married Sarah Smart (abt 57 Years) at St. Mary’s Parish in Walthamstow. Peter Howes2 was listed as being employed as a gardener. The ceremony was witnessed by Robert Morgan and Mary Smart. Sarah Smart was the daughter of James Smart, a gardener, 603

1870 597 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 598 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 599 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 600 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 601 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 602 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 603 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum

Howes Family 186

In 1870, Eliza Howes4 (James3 Peter2, William1) was born to James and Sarah Howes in Shoreditch in London.604

1871 Census

(William1)

• In 1871, Peter Howes2 (60 Years) lived in Chestnut Cottage on Greenleaf Lane in St. Mary’s Parish in Walthamstow, Essex. Also living with Peter2 was his wife Sarah Howes (62 Years) and lodgers Mary Hartwell (76 Years) and Margaret Charlton (74 Years) who were listed as retired farmers.

All are listed as having been born in Walthamstow, Essex.

In 1872, Eleanor Howes4 (James3 Peter2, William1) was born to James and Sarah Howes in Shoreditch in London.605

Eleanor Howes is listed as Elena on the 1881 Census but there is only a Eleanor listed in the index as having been born in 1872 in Whitechapel.

In 1874, Henry James Howes4 (James3 Peter2, William1) was born to James and Sarah Howes in the West Ham district in Essex.606

In 1877, William George Howes4 (James3 Peter2, William1) was born to James and Sarah Howes in the West ham district in Essex.607

Henry James Howes and William George Howes appear as James and George on the 1881 Census. Henry James is the only James Howes that shows up in the index that was born in Walthamstow in 1874 and William George is the only George Howes that shows up in the index that was born in Walthamstow in 1877.

Around 1878, Fanny Howes4 (James3 Peter2, William1) was born to James and Sarah Howes in the Walthamstow in Essex.608

An entry for “Fanny Howes” does not appear in the birth index for West Ham around 1878 but there are several entries for “Florence Howes”.

With all of the inconsistencies in the records for the family of James Howes, there needs to be more work done to ensure that the entries are correct for this family.

It appears Chestnut Cottage was demolished and Peter2 and Sarah relocated in apparent city reorganization. Greenleaf Lane was incorporated into Hoe Street and the area was made into a business district. The proceeding address at 6 Milton Road is very close to where Chestnut Cottage once stood.609

1880

604 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 605 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 606 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 607 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 608 1881 English Census 609 Research by Author with Vestry House Librarian referencing numerous maps and registry entries.

Howes Family 187

In 1881, Alfred Howes4 (James3 Peter2, William1) was born to James and Sarah Howes in the West Ham district in Essex.610 The entry is listed as “Hows” in the birth index.

1881 Census

(William1)

• Peter Howes2 (70 Years) is listed as living at 6 Milton Road in St. Mary’s Parish in Walthamstow, Essex. Also living with Peter2 was his wife Sarah Howes (73 Years) and a lodger William Bottwood (22Years) who was employed as a railway porter. Peter2 and Sarah are both listed as having been born in Walthamstow in Essex and William in Wickham Bishops in Essex.

(Peter2, William1)

• James Howes3 (34 Years) was listed as living on Wood Street in St. Mary’s Parish, Walthamstow in Essex. Living with James Howes3 was his wife Sarah Howes (32 Years), niece Fanny Green (15 Years), daughters Eliza Howes4 (11 Years), Elena Howes4 (9 Years) and Fanny Howes4 (3 Years) and sons James Howes4 (7 Years), George Howes4 (4 Years) and Alfred Howes4 (2 months).

James3, George4, Fanny and Alfred 4are all listed as having been born in Wathamstow, Essex. Eliza4 was listed as having been born in Shoreditch in Middlesex, Elena Howes4 in Spittlefield, Middlesex and James Howes4 in Hoxton, Middlesex. Sarah Howes was listed as having been born in Boro, Surrey and Fanny Green in Westminster, Middlesex.

The family is listed as “Hows” on this census. The same family shows up as “Howes” in the 1891 census however.

In November 1885, Sarah Smart Howes (78 Years) died. She was buried on November 9, 1885 at St. Mary’s Walthamstow. She was shown as living in the Monoux Alms House.611

In February 1886, Peter Howes2 (75 Years) died. He was buried on February 8, 1886 at St. Mary’s Walthamstow. He was shown as living in the Monoux Alms House.612

In 1887, Minnie Howes4 (James3 Peter2, William1) was born to James and Sarah Howes in the West Ham district in Essex.613

1890 In 1890, Dorothy Howes4 (James3 Peter2, William1) was born to James and Sarah Howes in the West Ham district in Essex.614

610 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 611 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 612 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum 613 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 614 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Howes Family 188

1891 Census

(Peter2, William1)

• James Howes3 (43 Years) is listed as living at Broadway House on Wood Street in Walthamstow, Essex. Living with James3 is his wife Maria Howes (40 Years), Sons James Howes4 (16 Years), George Howes4 (13 Years), Fred Howes4 (10 Years) and Edward Howes4 (6 Years) and daughters Fanny Howes4 (12 Years), Minnie Howes4 (4 Years) and Dorothy Howes4 (1 Years). Also living with James is Fanny Green (25 Years) as a domestic servant.

James3, George4, Fanny4 and Fred4, Edward4, Minnie4 and Dorothy4 are all listed as having been born in Wathamstow, Essex. James4 was listed as having been born in Hoxton, Middlesex. Maria Howes is just listed as having been born in London Borough and Fanny Green in Westminster, Middlesex.

James Howes3 is listed as a Fishmonger and his son James4 is listed as a Fishmonger’s Assistant. Fanny Green is listed as a domestic Servant.

Sarah Howes is listed as Maria Howes which made it appear as if she had died and James had remarried but Sarah reappears in the 1901 census. Why she is listed as Maria here is a mystery.

1900 1901 Census

(Peter2, William1)

• James Howes3 (54 Years) is listed as living at 135 Wood Street in Walthamstow, Essex. Living with James3 is his wife Sarah Howes (52 Years), Sons James Howes4 (27 Years), George Howes4 (24Years), Alfred Howes4 (20 Years) and Edward Howes4 (16 Years) and daughters Minnie Howes4 (14 Years) and Dolly Howes4 (11 Years).

James3, George4, Fanny4 and Fred4, Edward4, Minnie4 and Dolly4 are all listed as having been born in Wathamstow, Essex. James3 was listed as having been born in Hoxton, Middlesex. Sarah Howes is listed as having been born in Borough London and Fanny Green in Westminster, Middlesex.

James Howes is listed as a Fishmonger and his son James is listed as a Fishmonger’s Assistant. George is employed as a plasterer and Alfred as a Coach Porter.

James Howes3 (60 Years) died February/March, 1909. He was buried on March 4, 1909 at St. Mary’s Walthamstow. He was listed as a resident of the Union Infirmary (now Whipps Cross Hospital) in Leytonstone.615

615 Parish Registers; Walthamstow Vestry House Museum

Howes Family 189

Whipps Cross Hospital was built on 44 acres of grounds at Whipps Cross as an infirmary for the Leytonstone Workhouse. Construction started in 1900 and was completed in 1903.

When it opened the infirmary provided 672 beds in 24 wards in four awe-inspiring symmetrical blocks with tiered covered walkways and two massive towers. The buildings cost £186,000 to construct, which was criticized as extravagant.

By the end of the Great War in 1918 the infirmary had started to become a general hospital and the name was changed to Whipps Cross Hospital.

The hospital contains some of the most interesting buildings in Leytonstone. Without these, Leytonstone and Upper Walthamstow will become much poorer in terms of built environment.616

616 Greater London Industrial Archaeology Society Website http://www.glias.org.uk/index.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whipps_Cross

Whipps Cross University Hospital

Godart Family 190

Godart (1) Bapt. ‘The son of Godard.’ This personal name obtained a

strong footing in England, and has left a large number od descendants. I correspond to the German Gotthard.

(2) Nick. ‘the good herd’; cf. Goodgroom, Goodknave &c. It is doubtful whether this sobriquet had much influence on (1), which

is the true parent of our Goddards.617 The great-grandmother of Lillian Annie Brooker was Elizabeth Godart. Elizabeth Godart married Henry Brooker before 1839 in Essex. This branch of the Godart family is based mostly in London primarily on the east side around Whitechapel.

How the Brooker and the Godart family became acquainted is certainly a mystery. There is little doubt that once they did meet that there was some special relationship resulting in two marriages and William Brooker living with the Godart Family at the time of the 1841

census.

617 A Dictionary Of English & Welsh Surnames

http://www.oldstratforduponavon.com/londoncentral.html

Godart Family 191

Although evidence has not surfaced connecting Peter Godart1 to Peter Godart2, the relationship is presented here because the likelihood of the connection is rather high.

1780 Around 1785, Peter Godart1 married Mary Dowson in the Christchurch Newgate Parish in the city of London.618

Around 1788, Peter Dennett Godart2 (Peter1) was born in the Parish of Marylebone in Middlesex619.

1800 Peter Godart2 (21 years) married Elizabeth Jackson (21 years) on 26 August 1809 at the Parish Church of St. Giles of the Fields in the County of Middlesex.620

1810 On 27 December 1813, Elizabeth Godart3 (Peter2, Peter1) was born to Peter Dennett2 and Elizabeth Godart.621

The middle name “Dennett” shows up in the LDS International Genealogical Index in the record of the birth of Elizabeth Godart. It has not been seen on any other records.

Around 1815, Peter Godart3 (Peter2, Peter1) was born to Peter2 and Elizabeth Godart in Holborn in London.622

1820 On 1 January 1818, Charlotte Godart3 (Peter2, Peter1) was born to Peter2 and Elizabeth Godart.623

Elizabeth Godart3 (4 Years) and Charlotte Godart3 (8 Months) were both christened on August 9, 1818 at Saint Mary-St Marylebone Road in London.624

On 27 July 1822, Mary Godart3 (Peter2, Peter1) was born to Peter2 and Elizabeth Godart. She was christened on October 27, 1822 at Saint Mary-St Marylebone Road, Saint Marylebone in London625.

1830

618 ChristChurch Newgate Parish Register 619 1841 English Census 620 Parish register 621 LDS Batch C035246, Source 0580908 622 LDS Batch C035246, Source 0580908 623 LDS Batch C035246, Source 0580910 624 LDS Batch C035246, Source 0580908 625 LDS Batch C035247, Source 0580910

Godart Family 192

In 1838, Peter Godart3 married Elizabeth Brooker in Stepney in London.626

In 1839, Peter Godart4 (Peter3, Peter2, Peter1) was born to Peter3 and Elizabeth Godart in St George in the East in London. 627

1840

1841 Census

(Peter1)

• Peter Godart2 (50 Years) is listed as living on Upper East Smithfield in Tower Hamlets in London employed as a plumber. Living with Peter2 is his wife Elizabeth Godart (50 Years), daughters Charlotte Godart3 (20 Years), Mary Godart3 (15 Years), Ann Godart3 (15 Years), Sarah Godart3 (10 Years) and son Thomas Godart3 (20 Years). Also living with Peter2 was William Brooker (15 Years). All are listed as having been born in London except for William Brooker. Most of the people listed on this page have ages that are multiples of 5 so it

626 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 627 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

High Street, Whitechapel (ca. 1894) http://www.mernick.co.uk/thhol/illustrations.html

Godart Family 193

appears that the census taker was rounding off the ages. This makes identifying family members on later censuses problematic.

(Peter2, Peter1)

• Peter Godart3 (35 Years) is listed as living on Wellclose Square in Tower Hamlets in London employed as a painter. Living with Peter is his wife Elizabeth Godart (25 Years) and his son Peter Godart4 (2 Years). All are listed as having been born in London.

Between 1842 and 1844, Peter Godart3 (abt 32 Years) and Elizabeth Godart (abt 26 Years) moved from the St. Georges-in-the-East Parish to the Shadwell Parish with Peter (abt 3 Years) and Mary A. Godart (abt 1 Year). Both parishes are located within the Tower Hamlets located near the Tower of London.

In 1846, Thomas Godart3 married Laura Bear in White Chapel in London.628

1850 1851 Census

(Peter1)

Peter Godart2 (63 Years) is listed as residing on King Street. He is listed as a Plumber and having been born the district of Marylebone in Middlesex. Living with him is his wife Elizabeth Godart (64 Year) who is listed as being born in the district of St. Giles in the Fields in Middlesex. Visiting Peter1 and Elizabeth are Edward Mostaird (24 Years) and George Barthwell (21 Years). Edward is listed as having been born in Brussels and George is being listed as having been born in Ghent. Whether this is an indication of the Godart Family originating in Belgium, it is uncertain.

(Peter2, Peter1)

• Sarah Godart3 (24 Years) is listed as living at 64 Coleshill Street in St. George Hanover Square in London employed 1 of 2 servants for James Keene, Cheesemonger. Sarah3 is listed as having been born in Lambeth in Surrey.

1860 1861 Census

(Peter2, Peter1)

• Peter Godart3 (49 Years) is listed as residing at 5 Wapping Wall in Shadwell, Stepney in the Parliamentary Borough of Tower Hamlet. He is listed as working as a Master Painter and Glasier employing 3 men. Living with Peter3 are Elizabeth Godart (43 Years), Peter Godart4 (21 Years), Mary A Godart4 (19 Years), Elizabeth B. Godart4 (17 Years), Charlotte Godart4 (14 Years), Louise S. Godart4 (11 Years). Also living with Peter3 was a lodger were Johanna C. Davidson (40 Years), a sail maker’s wife, listed as being born in Amsterdam, Holland and Johanna Davidson (6 Years), her daughter, as being born in the district of St George in the East, Middlesex, England.

628 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Godart Family 194

Peter3 is listed as being born in Holborn, Middlesex. Elizabeth is listed as being born in Woodford, Essex. Peter4 and Mary A. 4 are listed as being born in the district of St George in the East. Elizabeth B.4, Charlotte4 and Louise S.4 are listed as having been born in Shadwell, Stepney, in Middlesex.

In 1864, Peter Godart4 married Sarah Ann Pinney in Poplar in London.629

Around 1864, Arthur P. Godart5 (Peter4, Peter3, Peter2, Peter1) was born to Peter4 and Sarah Godart in the parish of Shadwell.

Between 1864 and 1867, Peter Godart4 (abt 25 Years) and family moved from Shadwell to Mile End.

629 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983

Cost of Big Ben

"Big Ben" is the name commonly used to refer to the clock at the top of the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament (Westminster Palace) in London. It is also conventionally considered to be the name of the clock tower itself. Both usages are incorrect. The clock is properly termed "the Great Clock," and the tower "St. Stephen's Tower" or "the Clock Tower." Rather, "Big Ben" is the name of the giant bell–weighing almost 14 tons–that hangs in the Clock Tower and strikes on the hour. In fact, "Big Ben" is sometimes called "the Great Bell." The name "Big Ben" is generally considered to emanate from Sir Benjamin Hall, a large man, who was Commissioner of Works at the time the bell was constructed. Another theory is that "Big Ben" was the nickname of a contemporary heavyweight boxer, Benjamin Caunt, and applied to the bell. Actually, the name "Big Ben" denoted an earlier bell, cast by John Warner and Sons in 1856, that cracked. The Whitechapel Bell Foundry recast the bell in 1858 using the metal from the original bell, and the name "Big Ben" was retained.

The gross charge for casting the bell was £2401; but the value of the metal obtained from the earlier bell was £1829. So the net cost, and the invoice submitted on May 28, 1858, was only £572. The relative value of that net amount in 2002 was £36,062 via the CPI; £49,583 via the GDP deflator; £308,639 using average earnings; £381,687 using per-capita GDP; and £796,004 applying GDP itself. For relative values of the gross cost, the figures would be increased more than fourfold (2401/572 = 4.20).

http://www.londonnet.co.uk/ln/guide/about/gallbigb.html, http://www.parliament.uk/faq/history___buliding_faq_page.cfm, http://www.britainusa.com/faq/showfaq.asp?SID=293, http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Ben

Godart Family 195

In 1867, Ernest J. Godart5 (Peter4, Peter3, Peter2, Peter1) was born to Peter4 and Sarah Godart in Mile End Old Town in London.630

1870 In 1871, Sarah Ann Godart (29 years) died in Mile End Old Town in London.

1871 Census (Peter2, Peter1)

• Peter Godart3 (59 Years) is listed as residing at 5 Wapping Wall in Shadwell, Stepney in the Parliamentary Borough of Tower Hamlet. He is listed as a Painter. Living with Peter3 are his wife Elizabeth Godart (53 Years) and his daughter Charlotte Godart4 (24 Years). Visiting Peter3 and Elizabeth are James Gordon (39 Years), Catherine Gordon (28 Years) and John Paul (30 Years) all of whom are listed as being born in Scotland.

630 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Wooden cottage in Wellclose Square http://www.mernick.co.uk/thhol/p_well01.html

Godart Family 196

(Peter3, Peter2, Peter1)

• Peter Godart4 (31 Years) is listed as residing at 325 Mile End Rd. in Mile End Old Town in the Parliamentary Borough of Tower Hamlet and is listed as a Widower. Living with Peter4 are his sons: Arthur P. Godart5 (7 Years) and Ernest J. Godart5

(4 Years). Also living with Peter4 are his sister Louise S. Godart4 (21 Years) and a servant Caroline Simpson (16 Years). Arthur5 is listed as having been born in Shadwell, Stepney and Ernest5 is listed as having been born in Mile End Old Town. Caroline is listed as having been born in Wales.

In 1872, Peter Godart4 married Louisa Emily Boston in Stepney, Middlesex.631

In 1873, Edwin Charles B. Godart5 (Peter4, Peter3, Peter2, Peter1) was born to Peter4 and Louisa Godart in Mile End Old Town in London.632

In 1875, Herbert Thomas Godart5 (Peter4, Peter3, Peter2, Peter1) was born to Peter4 and Louisa Godart in Mile End Old Town in London.633

In 1878, Horace Stanley Godart5 (Peter4, Peter3, Peter2, Peter1) was born to Peter4 and Louisa Godart in Mile End Old Town in London.634

1880 1881 Census

(Peter3, Peter2, Peter1)

• Peter Godart4 (41 Years) is listed as living at 378 Mile End Rd in Mile End Old Town in the Parliamentary Borough of Tower Hamlets. Living with Peter4 are his wife Louisa E. Godart (34 Years), Arthur P. Godart5 (17 Years), Ernest J. Godart5 (14 Years), Edwin C. Godart5 (8 Years), Herbert T. Godart5 (6 Years), Horace S. Godart5 (2 Years) and his sister Louise S. Godart5 (31 Years).

Louisa E. Godart is listed as being born in St. Luke’s parish. Edwin C. 5, Herbert T. 5 and Horace P. 5 are all listed as being born Mile End. Peter Godart5 is listed as being a Decorator and Louise S. Godart5 is listed as being employed as a Machinist.

In 1883, Arthur Peter Godart5 (17 Years) married Mary Oliphant (19 Years) in the Poplar District, London, Middlesex.635

In 1885, Mary Annie Godart6 (Arthur5, Peter4, Peter3, Peter2, Peter1) was born to Arthur5 (22 Years) and Mary Godart (24 Years) in Stepney, Middlesex.636

Around 1887, Margaret Elizabeth Godart6 (Arthur5, Peter4, Peter3, Peter2, Peter1) was born to Arthur5 (23 Years) and Mary Godart (25 Years) in Mile End Old Town.637

1890 631 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 632 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 633 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 634 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 635 FreeBMD Marriage Index 1837-1983 636 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 637 1891 English Census

Godart Family 197

Around 1890, Lillian Louisa Godart6 (Arthur5, Peter4, Peter3, Peter2, Peter1) was born to Arthur5 (26 Years) and Mary Godart (28 Years) in Mile End Old Town.638

1891 Census

(Peter3, Peter2, Peter1)

• Peter Godart4 (51 Years) is listed as living at 6 Pricilla Road in Bromley in the Parliamentary Borough of Bow + Bromley. Living with Peter4 are Louisa E. Godart (44 Years), Horace P. Godart5 (12 Years) and his sister Louise S. Godart5 (41 Years).

Louisa E. Godart is listed as being born in Clerkenwell. Peter Godart4 is listed as being a Decorator and Louise S. Godart4 is listed as being employed as a seamstress (shirt).

(Peter4, Peter3, Peter2, Peter1)

• Arthur Pete Godart5 (27 Years) is listed as living in Mile End Old Town in the Parliamentary Borough of Tower Hamlets. Living with Arthur5 are his wife Mary Godart (29 Years), Mary Annie Godart6 (5 Years), Margaret Elizabeth Godart6 (4 Years) and Lillian Louisa Godart6 (1 Year). Arthur Godart5 is listed as a self employed Sign Writer (Painter).

Arthur5 and Mary are both listed as being born in Wapping. Mary Annie6 is listed as being born in Stepney and both Margaret Elizabeth6 and Lillian Louisa6 are listed as being born in Mile End Old Town.

In 1892, Rose Dorothy Godart6 (Arthur5, Peter4, Peter3, Peter2, Peter1) was born to Arthur5 and Mary Godart in Mile End Old Town in London.639

Around 1893, Jessie Ivy Godart6 (Arthur5, Peter4, Peter3, Peter2, Peter1) was born to Arthur5 and Mary Godart in Mile End Old Town in London.640

In 1895, Arthur William Godart6 (Arthur5, Peter4, Peter3, Peter2, Peter1) was born to Arthur5 and Mary Godart in Mile End Old Town in London.641

1900 1901 Census

(Peter4, Peter3, Peter2, Peter1)

• Arthur Pete Godart5 (37 Years) is listed as living at 30 Coburn Road in St. Mary Stratford Bow London. Living with Arthur5 are his wife Mary Godart (39 Years), Mary Godart6 (15 Years), Margaret Godart6 (14 Years), Lillian Godart6 (11 Years), Rose Godart6 (8 Years), Jessie Godart6 (7 Years) and Arthur Godart6 (5 Years). Arthur Godart is listed as a self employed Sign Writer (Painter).

638 1891 English Census 639 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983 640 1901 English Census 641 FreeBMD Birth Index 1837-1983

Godart Family 198

Arthur5 and Mary are both listed as being born in Wapping. Mary6 is listed as being born in Stepney and Margaret6, Lillian6, Rose6, Jessie6 and Arthur6 are all listed as being born in Mile End Old Town.

http://www.oldstratforduponavon.com/londoncity.html

Godart Family 199

Index

Adams Samuel 184 Adams Susan 184 Allanson Hellen 69 Ambrose Maria 176, 177, 178, 180 Ambrose Robert 156, 157, 164, 170, 180 Ambrose6 Ellen 156, 157, 161, 163, 164, 168, 170,

180 Ambrose7 Annie 170 Ambrose7 David 160, 161, 164, 170, 176, 180 Ambrose7 Ellen 168 Ambrose7 Harriet

t 161, 164

Ambrose7 Jane 164, 170 Ambrose7 John 163, 164, 170, 179 Ambrose7 Sarah 156, 157, 164 Ambrose8 Ellen Esther 178 Ambrose8 Hettia Selina 177 Ambrose8 Robert Walter 176 Ambrose8 Walter George 178 Ambrose8 David 178, 180 Ambrose8 Ellen 180 Ambrose8 Ettie 180 Ambrose8 Robert 180 Ambrose8 Walter 180 Askham Benjam

in Bell 156, 159, 160, 163, 164, 167, 168,

171, 175, 176, 179

Askham Bell 179 Askham Louisa 176, 179 Askham6 Rachel 159, 160, 163, 164, 167, 168, 171,

175, 176 Askham7 Bejami

n Bell 175

Askham7 Benjamin

Bell 160, 167, 171, 176

Askham7 Charles E. 167 Askham7 Charles Elliot 164, 171 Askham7 John L. 167 Askham7 John Quemby 161, 171 Askham7 Minmia R. 167 Askham7 Minna Rachel 168, 171 Askham7 Minnie Rachel 163, 168 Askham8 Bell 176 Avin Horrace 181 Bailey Sarah 96 Banbury Charles W. 165 Banbury Florence E. 165

Index

Banbury Frederick

G. 165

Banbury Elizabeth

165

Bane Mary 135 Barker Eleanor 183 Barthwell George 193 Barton Emma 98, 100, 101 Barton Hannah 108, 110, 112 Barton James 98, 100, 104, 108, 110, 112 Barton3 Emma 104, 105 Barton4 Annie E. 104 Barton4 Emma A. 108 Barton4 Emma Annie 98 Barton4 James W. 104, 108, 110 Barton4 James William 101 Barton4 Mary Ann 103 Barton4 Sarah R. 104, 108 Barton4 Sarah Rachel 101 Barton4 Ann 110 Barton4 Mary 104 Baynes George 152 Bear Laura 193 Bennett Samuel 4 Berry Mary Ann 69 Best Elizabet

h S. 104

Bone John W. 113 Bone John William 111 Bone4 Florence J. 113 Boston Louisa Emily 196 Brooker Eleanor Florence 88 Brooker Ellen M. 78 Brooker Lillian Annie 35, 58, 83, 88, 177, 183, 190 Brooker Mary A. 70, 75, 78, 79, 82 Brooker Mary Ann 85, 86, 88, 90 Brooker Celia 62 Brooker Edward 58, 59, 62, 67, 88, 90 Brooker Eleanor 70, 72, 75, 77, 82, 85, 88 Brooker Elizabet

h 59, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 70, 77, 192

Brooker Henry 63, 70, 190 Brooker Margare

t 72, 75, 79, 80, 81

Brooker Mary 72, 75, 76, 77, 79, 81, 82, 86 Brooker Sarah 65, 81, 85, 86

Index

Brooker Thomas 69 Brooker William 35, 59, 66, 70, 72, 83, 177, 191,

192 Brooker2 59, 65, 66, 67, 90 Brooker2 Edward 58, 67 Brooker2 Honour 59 Brooker2 Mary 59, 62 Brooker2 Thomas 59, 66 Brooker2 William 59, 65 Brooker3 Elizabe

th 62

Brooker3 Henry 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 70, 77 Brooker3 Sophia 62 Brooker3 William 62 Brooker4 William Thomas 63 Brooker4 Alice 67, 70, 76 Brooker4 Ann 65, 66, 68 Brooker4 Annie 70 Brooker4 Charlot

te 65, 66, 69, 72

Brooker4 Edward 66, 67 Brooker4 George 67 Brooker4 Henry 63, 66, 69, 70, 72, 77, 82, 85 Brooker4 Jane 67 Brooker4 John 66, 67, 70, 77, 82 Brooker4 Mary 63, 66, 68 Brooker4 Seela 66, 67, 75 Brooker4 Thomas 65, 66, 69, 72, 78, 82, 86 Brooker4 William 65, 66, 69, 70, 78, 81 Brooker5 Ellen Mary A. 81 Brooker5 Agnes Louisa 75 Brooker5 Albert E. 81 Brooker5 Albert Edward 80 Brooker5 Charles H. 81 Brooker5 Charles Henry 79 Brooker5 Eliza J. 78 Brooker5 Ellen M. 81 Brooker5 Emma S. 78, 82 Brooker5 Helen (Ellen) 85 Brooker5 John P. 78, 82 Brooker5 John Peter 75 Brooker5 Thomas Henry 75 Brooker5 Walter John 75 Brooker5 William J. 72, 78, 81 Brooker5 Agnes 78, 83, 86 Brooker5 August

a 75, 78, 82

Index

Brooker5 Edward 75, 77, 79, 82 Brooker5 Eleanor 70, 77 Brooker5 Eliza 75, 78 Brooker5 Ellen 75, 78, 81, 82 Brooker5 Emma 75 Brooker5 Ethel 79, 82, 87 Brooker5 Florenc

e 70, 72, 78, 82

Brooker5 Helen 82 Brooker5 Henry 70, 72, 77, 80, 82, 86 Brooker5 James 75, 77, 82, 85, 88 Brooker5 Thomas 78, 82 Brooker5 Walter 76, 78, 81, 82, 86 Brooker5 William 72, 77, 82, 83, 86, 177 Brooker6 Lillian May (Mabel) 85 Brooker6 Lillian Mabel (May) 88 Brooker6 William Henry C. 85 Brooker6 Anne E. 82 Brooker6 Annie E. 86 Brooker6 Annie Ethel 81 Brooker6 Eleanor F. 87 Brooker6 Eleanor Florence 85 Brooker6 Helena C. 86 Brooker6 Helena Clara 81, 82 Brooker6 Henry T. 82, 86 Brooker6 Henry Thomas 80 Brooker6 Lillian Annie 88 Brooker6 Lillian M. 86 Brooker6 William Edward 81, 82 Brooker6 William H.C. 87 Brooker6 Annie 88 Brooker6 Doris 88 Brown Edwin Charles 152 Brown Elizabet

h C. 87

Brown Matilda M. 87 Brown Hannah 155 Browne Mary 143 Bruce Sarah 136 Butcher Henry 155, 159, 167, 171 Butcher6 Rachel 156, 159, 161, 164, 167, 169 Butcher7 William G. F. H. 167 Butcher7 William Henry 164 Butcher7 Charlot

te 161, 167, 171

Butcher7 Rachel 156, 159, 167, 171, 181

Index

Butcher7 Rebecca

156, 159, 167, 171, 181, 182

Butcher7 William 171, 181 Caldecoat Timothy 171 Castledine John 159 Charlton Margare

t 186

Clark Anna E. 179 Clark Frederi

ck Galaway 155

Clark Frederick

Galloway 168

Clark Frederick

159, 179

Clark Jane 178, 179 Clark6 Fortune 159, 161 Clark7 Alfred L. 179 Clark7 Alfred Ludman 155, 176 Clark7 Frederic

k G. 179

Clark7 Frederick

Galloway 178

Clark7 Alfred 159 Clark7 Frederi

ck 156, 159, 166, 171

Clark8 Edith M 179 Clark8 Hilda A. 179 Clark8 Hilda Amy 178 Clark8 Victor F. 179 Clark8 Victor Frederick 178 Colwill Mary 2, 5, 15 Cosgrove Robert 90 Couch Charles Walter 177, 180 Couch6 Rose 177, 178, 180 Couch7 Irene Ellen F 177 Couch7 Herbert Clement S 178 Couch7 Cecil Frank 178 Couch7 Cecil 180 Couch7 Herbert 180 Couch7 Irene 180 Coulson Charles Herbert 111 Coulson4 Charles H. 113 Coulson4 Susan J. 112 Coulson5 Charles H. 112 Crane Jane 172 Craton Hannah 137

Index

Crick Charles Ruth 152 Crosby Maria 69 Crosier Henriett

a Ann 100, 103, 105

Crosier Rosetta J. 108, 111, 112 Crosier Annie 111, 113 Crosier Jane 96, 97, 99, 109 Crosier Susan 99 Crosier Susanna

h 23, 93, 95, 96, 97, 104, 105

Crosier Thomas 112 Crosier1 Timothy 94, 96 Crosier2 David 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 Crosier2 Edward 94, 96, 97, 99, 103 Crosier3 David James 102 Crosier3 Frederic

k J. 108, 111

Crosier3 Frederick

James 105, 111

Crosier3 Georgiana

Francis 96

Crosier3 Mary Ann 97 Crosier3 Amelia 96, 97, 99 Crosier3 David 95, 96, 97, 100, 103, 104, 107, 113 Crosier3 Edwin 103 Crosier3 Elizabe

th 95, 96, 97

Crosier3 Emma 95, 96, 97, 98 Crosier3 Frederi

ck 97, 99, 103

Crosier3 Georgiana

95, 96

Crosier3 Henrietta

101, 110

Crosier3 Jane 95, 96, 97, 99 Crosier3 Mary 95, 96 Crosier3 Sarah 95, 96, 97, 99, 104, 107 Crosier3 Susann

ah 95, 96, 97, 101, 107, 110

Crosier4 Elizabeth

R. 108, 111, 112

Crosier4 Elizabeth

Rosetta 105

Crosier4 Florence J. 108, 111 Crosier4 Florenc

e Jane 105, 111

Index

Crosier4 Frederick

J. 111

Crosier4 Frederick

James 109

Crosier4 Henrietta

A. 103

Crosier4 Jane Newbury 109 Crosier4 William H. 111 Crosier4 William Henry 109 Crosier4 William James 111 Crosier4 David 103 Crosier4 Edwin 103, 105 Crosier4 Freddie 113 Crosier4 Frederic

k 112

Crosier4 Jane 112 Crosier4 Susanna

h 103

Crosier4 William 112 Crosier4 Willie 113 Curtis Henry 18, 20, 22, 24 Curtis3 Charlott

e R. 22

Curtis3 Daisy E. 22 Curtis3 Henry C. 22 Curtis3 Mary A. 20, 22 Curtis3 Mary Ann 18, 20, 22, 23, 24 Curtis4 Charlot

te Rebecca 20

Curtis4 Daisy Elizabeth 22 Curtis4 Daniel Henry 20 Curtis4 Henry Charles 22 Curtis4 Margare

t G. 24

Curtis4 Margaret

Gertrude 22

Curtis4 Rosina V. 24 Curtis4 Rosina Violet 23 Curtis4 Sarah E. 18, 20 Curtis4 Charlott

e 20

Curtis4 Daisy 24 Curtis4 Daniel 20 Curtis4 Susanna

h 20

Daniels3 Susan E. 22

Index

Daniels4 Dorothy 22 Davidson Johanna C. 193 DeBrion Annie Agetha 83, 177 Dorrington George J. 88 Dowson Mary 191 Duckett Eliza 184 Dupris Elise 165 Edmonds Louisa 179 Edwards George 82, 85 Elford Alice M N 83 Elford Frances M 83 Elford William A. 83 Elford William N 83 Everest Ada E. 88 Fitch Eliza 140 Fogg Elizabe

th 58

Foreman Charles Leonard 83, 177 Foreman Elizabet

h A. 170

Foreman Ellen M. 169 Foreman Fred K. 170 Foreman Maria E. 165, 172, 181 Foreman Mary Ann 83, 177 Foreman Sarah Jane 176 Foreman Ann 83, 141, 145, 153, 155, 156 Foreman Corneliu

s 181

Foreman Eliza 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 151, 155, 158, 161, 163, 165, 170, 179

Foreman Elizabeth

122, 123, 141, 142, 145, 146, 149, 150, 153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 163, 164, 166, 168, 179

Foreman Louisa 142, 144 Foreman Martha 157, 159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 168,

172, 180 Foreman Sarah 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142,

143, 144, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 153, 154, 156, 157, 161, 162, 164, 169

Foreman Sophia 146, 147, 149, 150, 158 Foreman Susan 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 142, 146,

150 Foreman1 Thomas 116, 117 Foreman2 Anne 117 Foreman2 Danel 117 Foreman2 Francis 117, 118 Foreman2 Honour 117, 119 Foreman2 James 117, 118, 122

Index

Foreman2 John 117, 144 Foreman2 Lettice 117 Foreman2 Mary 116, 117 Foreman2 Rebeck

ah 117, 118

Foreman2 Samuel 117 Foreman2 Sarah 116 Foreman2 Thomas 117, 118 Foreman3 Ann 120 Foreman3 Issac 118 Foreman3 James 118, 119, 120 Foreman3 John 118, 119, 121 Foreman3 Mary 118, 119 Foreman3 Rebecc

a 119

Foreman3 Richard

119

Foreman3 Susan 118, 120 Foreman3 Thomas 119 Foreman4 John Fryar 123 Foreman4 Ann 120, 121 Foreman4 Elisabet

h 120

Foreman4 Elizabeth

122

Foreman4 Francis 121, 135 Foreman4 Isaac 137 Foreman4 Isacc 123 Foreman4 James 123, 138, 142 Foreman4 Jeremia

h 122

Foreman4 John 122, 136 Foreman4 Rachel 122 Foreman4 Richar

d 122, 135

Foreman4 Robert 120 Foreman4 Thomas 122, 135, 139, 143, 148 Foreman4 William 120, 123, 136, 138, 142, 146, 150,

157 Foreman5 George 169 Foreman5 Abraha

m W. 169

Foreman5 John Walker 135 Foreman5 Stephen Friar 136, 137 Foreman5 Abraha

m 140, 142, 146, 157, 164

Foreman5 Ann 136, 137, 139, 140

Index

Foreman5 Caroline

138

Foreman5 Charles 137, 139, 140, 142, 146, 157, 162 Foreman5 Eliza 140, 143 Foreman5 Feyan 137 Foreman5 George 136, 141, 142, 147, 149, 150, 158,

165 Foreman5 Harriet

t 138

Foreman5 Isaac 138, 146, 147 Foreman5 James 135, 137, 138, 139, 142, 143, 146,

153, 155 Foreman5 Jane 135 Foreman5 Jeremia

h 135, 143, 148, 151, 158, 165, 172

Foreman5 John 123, 137, 139, 142, 143, 146, 147, 150

Foreman5 Maria 136, 137, 141 Foreman5 Rachael 137 Foreman5 Rebecc

a 135, 139

Foreman5 Robert 135, 138, 140, 142, 143 Foreman5 Sarah 138 Foreman5 Susan 138, 139, 142, 143, 145 Foreman5 Susann

a 138

Foreman5 Susannah

138

Foreman5 Thomas 136, 139, 142, 143, 148, 158, 167 Foreman5 William 136, 140, 142, 147 Foreman6 Charles Leonard 156 Foreman6 Emma E. 150, 158 Foreman6 Jane Fitch 141 Foreman6 John Walker 140 Foreman6 Lucy J. 154 Foreman6 Mary Ann 162, 169, 177 Foreman6 Robert Nathan 144 Foreman6 Alice 157, 165, 169, 170 Foreman6 Bellma

n 144, 148, 159, 167, 172, 180

Foreman6 Caroline

140, 143

Foreman6 Charles 142, 144, 149, 151, 153, 157, 158, 164, 169, 170, 172

Foreman6 Charlotte

157, 164, 168

Foreman6 Elizabeth

149, 153, 157, 164

Index

Foreman6 Ellen 145, 150, 156, 161, 170 Foreman6 Emily 141, 143 Foreman6 George 141, 144, 147, 150, 154, 155, 157,

164 Foreman6 Harriet

t 140, 150

Foreman6 Helen 164 Foreman6 Henry 141, 143, 145, 146, 148, 151, 158 Foreman6 James 143, 145, 146, 150, 151 Foreman6 Jane 143, 145, 153 Foreman6 Jeremia

h 142, 143, 148, 151, 158

Foreman6 John 144, 146, 147, 148, 151, 157, 158, 165

Foreman6 Josiah 142, 143, 144 Foreman6 Levi 144, 148, 151, 158 Foreman6 Lucy 157, 165, 169 Foreman6 Mary 141, 147, 153, 164 Foreman6 Philip 144, 146, 150, 158, 166, 170, 179 Foreman6 Rachel 144, 151, 158, 165, 172 Foreman6 Richar

d 141

Foreman6 Robert 141, 145, 148, 151, 153, 158, 163, 165, 172, 181

Foreman6 Rose 161, 164, 169, 177 Foreman6 Sarah 143, 151, 157, 158 Foreman6 Stephen 140 Foreman6 Susan 140, 143, 150, 157 Foreman6 Susann

ah 142, 147, 150, 157

Foreman6 Thomas 145, 146, 149, 150, 151, 157, 158 Foreman6 William 144, 154, 157, 164 Foreman7 Albert E. 165, 170, 179 Foreman7 Albert Edward 163 Foreman7 Caroline A. 158, 165, 170, 179 Foreman7 Carolin

e Ann 155

Foreman7 Cornelius

Harold 176

Foreman7 Edith M. 168, 172 Foreman7 Edith Maria 162, 177 Foreman7 Elizabe

th Ann 164, 166

Foreman7 Ellen S. 168, 172 Foreman7 Ellen Sophia 162 Foreman7 Emily Matilda 157 Foreman7 Eva H. 172

Index

Foreman7 Florence E. 168, 172, 181 Foreman7 Florenc

e Emma 157, 159

Foreman7 Frederick

James 155

Foreman7 Hannah S. 168, 172 Foreman7 Hannah Susan 164 Foreman7 Mary A. 181 Foreman7 Mary Annie 168 Foreman7 Mary Louisa 155 Foreman7 Norah Elizabeth 163 Foreman7 Robert Norris 169 Foreman7 Ruth H. 172, 181 Foreman7 Ruth Hilda 168 Foreman7 Sarah M. 181 Foreman7 Sarah May 168 Foreman7 William Embery 168 Foreman7 Ada 168, 170, 179 Foreman7 Alfred 151 Foreman7 Alfredo 165 Foreman7 Bellman 151, 156 Foreman7 Charles 155 Foreman7 Eliza 158, 165, 172 Foreman7 Elizabe

th 154, 158, 165, 170, 179

Foreman7 Emily 158 Foreman7 Frederic

k 158, 166

Foreman7 Hannah 181 Foreman7 John 158 Foreman7 Mabel 172 Foreman7 Mary 172 Foreman7 Norah 165, 172 Foreman7 Robert 155, 172, 181 Foreman7 Rosa 161, 165, 170 Foreman7 Sarah 172 Foreman7 Thomas 161, 168, 172 Foreman7 William 163, 166, 168, 170, 172, 179, 180,

181 Godart Louisa E. 196, 197 Godart Sarah Ann 195 Godart Elizabe

th 63, 190, 191, 192, 193, 195

Godart Mary 196, 197 Godart1 Peter 191 Godart2 Peter Dennett 191 Godart2 Peter 191, 192, 193

Index

Godart3 Ann 192 Godart3 Charlot

te 191, 192

Godart3 Elizabeth

191

Godart3 Mary 191, 192 Godart3 Peter 191, 192, 193, 195 Godart3 Sarah 192, 193 Godart3 Thomas 192, 193 Godart4 Elizabet

h B. 193

Godart4 Louise S. 193, 196, 197 Godart4 Mary A 193 Godart4 Charlott

e 193, 195

Godart4 Peter 192, 193, 194, 196, 197 Godart5 Edwin Charles B. 196 Godart5 Arthur P. 194, 196 Godart5 Arthur Pete 197 Godart5 Arthur Peter 196 Godart5 Edwin C. 196 Godart5 Ernest J. 195, 196 Godart5 Herbert T. 196 Godart5 Herbert Thomas 196 Godart5 Horace S. 196 Godart5 Horace Stanley 196 Godart5 Louise S. 196, 197 Godart6 Arthur William 197 Godart6 Jessie Ivy 197 Godart6 Lillian Louisa 197 Godart6 Margar

et Elizabeth 196, 197

Godart6 Mary Annie 196, 197 Godart6 Rose Dorothy 197 Godart6 Arthur 197 Godart6 Jessie 197 Godart6 Lillian 197 Godart6 Margare

t 197

Godart6 Mary 197 Godart6 Rose 197 Goddard Hubert 24 Gordon Catherin

e 195

Gordon James 195 Green Fanny 187, 188

Index

Grey Charlotte

110

Hadland Joseph 69 Haines Jane Newbery 96 Hale John 72 Hamy James R. 78 Hancock Elizabet

h J. 113

Hancock Sarah A. 113 Harris Frederic

k W. 87

Hartwell Mary 186 Harvey Maria 176 Haws Cassline 173 Heale Emma 72 Heath Daniel 4, 15, 16, 18 Heath2 Eliza 4, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22 Heath2 Elizabet

h 15

Heath3 Mary Ann 15, 16, 18 Heath3 Daniel 4, 15, 16 Heath3 Eliza 4, 15, 16 Heath3 Rebecc

a 15, 16, 20

Helder John 117 Henke Werner 50, 51, 52 Heritage Harriett 72 Hoar Ann 107 Hoar Elizabet

h 3, 4

Hoar Mary 15 Hoar William 2 Hoar1 William 3, 4, 15, 16 Hoar2 James W. 15, 16 Hoar2 James William 3, 4, 5, 15, 16 Hoar2 Eliza 4 Hoar2 James 4 Hoar2 Sarah 4, 15 Hoar2 William 4, 15, 16 Hoare Frederic

k J. W. 36

Hoare David W. 33, 35, 44 Hoare David William 6, 2, 23, 40, 49, 93 Hoare Henriet

ta Ann 93, 98

Hoare James William 2, 18

Index

Hoare Lillian A. 40 Hoare David 46 Hoare Elizabet

h 18, 20, 21, 22, 24

Hoare Fred 107 Hoare Susan 23 Hoare2 James W. 21 Hoare2 James William 16, 18, 20, 22 Hoare2 James 21, 22 Hoare3 Frederic

k J. W. 22, 23

Hoare3 Frederick

James William 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 36

Hoare3 Frank E. 18, 20, 21, 22 Hoare4 Clara Elizabeth 24, 36 Hoare4 David W. 24, 33, 40 Hoare4 David William 6, 23, 31, 35 Hoare4 Frederic

k J. 24

Hoare4 Frederick

James 23, 36

Hoare4 May Eva 24, 36 Hoare4 David 40, 45 Hogg Gladys M. 181 Holindsworth Hannah 171 Honour Mary 105 How Thomas 118 Howes Eliza Duckett 185 Howes Eleanor 70, 183, 184, 185, 186 Howes Eliza 70, 184, 185 Howes Maria 188 Howes Peter 70 Howes Sarah 186, 187, 188 Howes1 William 183, 184 Howes2 Mary Ann 183 Howes2 Emma 184 Howes2 James 183 Howes2 Jonatha

n 183, 184

Howes2 Peter 183, 184, 185, 186, 187 Howes3 Mary Ann 184 Howes3 William Peter 184, 185 Howes3 Eleanor 184, 185 Howes3 Eliza 185 Howes3 James 185, 187, 188 Howes4 Henry James 186

Index

Howes4 William George 186 Howes4 Alfred 187, 188 Howes4 Dolly 188 Howes4 Dorothy 187, 188 Howes4 Edward 188 Howes4 Eleanor 186 Howes4 Elena 187 Howes4 Eliza 186, 187 Howes4 Fanny 186, 187, 188 Howes4 Fred 188 Howes4 George 187, 188 Howes4 James 187, 188 Howes4 Minnie 187, 188 Howgale Rosetta 69 Isaacson John 151 Jackson Elizabet

h 191

Jackson Henry 83, 177 Jackson John 120 Jeawies Joseph 69 Johnson Ada Lydia 169 Johnson Edwin 173 Johnson Naomi 182 Johnston Jane Jamieson 108 Johnston Jenna 101 Jones Edward George J 85 Jones Edward 87 Jones5 Helen 87 Jr. Stanley V. Wegleski. 46 Jr.6 George Foreman 158, 170 Kay Eliza F. 113 Kay Ralph 108 Kay William 100, 104, 107, 110 Kay3 Elizabet

h 100, 104, 107, 110, 112

Kay4 Charles C. 104, 108 Kay4 Charles C. 103 Kay4 Frederi

ck D. 102, 104, 108

Kay4 Elizabeth

99, 100, 104, 107

Kay4 Frederick

112

Kay4 Mary 103, 104, 107 Kay4 Ralph 105, 112 Kay4 Richar 101, 104, 107, 110, 111, 113

Index

d Kay4 William 101, 104, 107 Kay5 Alice M. S. 113 Kay5 Alice Mary S. 111 Keene James 193 Kellord Stella Rachel 24 Kellord John 24 Kidgell William H. 111 Knowles Sarah Ann 80 Krund William 69 Lagan Andrew T. 46, 50 Lee Elizabe

th Louisa 175

Lewis Jessie 69 Linnard Susan 136 Lloyd Jane 104 Mahony Mary 69 Mansell Ellen 69 March Annie 105 Martin Susanna

h 95

Maylard Alice Margaret 105 McRill Frederi

ck John 105

McRill Nora Isabella 109 McRill William Nelson 105 McRill Ada 107, 110, 112 McRill Frederic

k 93, 110, 111

McRill Henrietta

107, 110, 112

McRill Nora 107 McRill William 107, 110, 112 Messer William J. 69 Messer Mary 69 Mills Claude K. 181 Mills Frederic

k W. 181

Moore Mary 165 Morgan Robert 185 Morris Esther 144 Morse Elizabet

h 104

Mostaird Edward 193 Mowl Ada L. 173, 182 Mowl Elizabet 154, 155, 156, 159, 161, 163, 167,

168, 173

Index

h Mowl Hannah 159 Mowl William 153 Mowl5 Rebecca 141, 142, 145, 153, 159 Mowl6 David 145, 153, 155, 159 Mowl6 Joseph 142, 153, 159, 167, 173 Mowl6 Rachel 141, 155 Mowl6 Sophia 145, 153 Mowl6 William 141, 153 Mowl7 James W. 173, 182 Mowl7 James William 154, 159, 169 Mowl7 Sophia Rebecca 163 Mowl7 Arthur 163, 167, 173 Mowl7 Bertie 168, 173 Mowl7 David 161, 167, 173 Mowl7 Edwin 156, 160, 167, 173 Mowl7 Elizabe

th 154, 167, 173

Mowl7 Hannah 163, 167, 173 Mowl7 James 167 Mowl7 Kate 161, 167, 173 Mowl7 Sophia 167, 173 Mowl7 William 155, 159, 167 Mowl8 Ralph H. 182 Mowl8 Ralph Herbert 175 Murden James 163 Murphy Thomas A. 40 Nicholls Elizabet

h 16

Norrie Frederick

J 172

Oliphant Mary 196 Oliver Elizabet

h 165

Owens7 Rachel 153 Parvis Jane 155 Patey Francis H. 181 Patey Francis Henry 177 Patey7 Edith 178, 181 Patey8 Florenc

e May 178

Patey8 Flora 181 Paul John 195 Pawsey Hannah 138 Payer Maria J. 72 Payne Mary Ann 104

Index

Pearce William 85 Pettitt Ellen 171 Pettitt Jabez 145, 148, 151, 158, 166, 171, 177 Pettitt James 119 Pettitt5 Susan 145, 149, 150, 151, 153, 154, 158,

166, 171, 178 Pettitt6 Jabez Elliot 150, 168 Pettitt6 Fortune 145, 152, 155 Pettitt6 Harry 149, 151, 158, 167 Pettitt6 Hephzib

ah 149, 151, 163

Pettitt6 Jabez 151, 158, 166, 171 Pettitt6 James 149, 151, 158 Pettitt6 Mary 154, 158 Pettitt6 Rachel 145, 151, 156, 161 Pettitt6 Susan 166 Pettitt6 Susann

a 153, 158

Pettitt6 Thomas 145, 152, 159 Pettitt7 Isaac 169 Pettitt7 Issac 171 Pettitt7 William 169, 171 Pinney Sarah Ann 194 Pintis Ann 68 Preel W.G. 35 Rake Rob 101 Ranner Maria Elizabeth 163 Rawlings Jacob 166 Relf Thomas H. E. 83 Retzbach John 69 Retzbach Susan 69 Roche Mary 165 Russell George W. 78, 83, 86 Russell George William 76 Russell4 Alice 78, 80, 81, 83, 86 Russell5 Alice G. 83, 86 Russell5 George W. 83, 86 Russell5 George William 81 Russell5 Hannah M. 83, 86 Russell5 Hannah Maud 80 Russell5 Doroth

y 83, 86

Russell5 Elsie 83, 86 Russell5 Mollie 83 Russell5 Nellie 81, 86 Ryder Arthur 88 Salee Edward 157

Index

Scott Alice M. 105, 108, 110, 113 Scott Charles J. 100, 101 Scott Charles John 97 Scott William May 97 Scott William 100, 103, 107, 110, 112 Scott3 Mary Ann 100, 103, 107, 110, 111 Scott3 Susanna

h M. 100, 104

Scott4 Charles C. 104 Scott4 Charles C. 97, 100, 108 Scott4 Charles Crosier 105 Scott4 Edward J. 101 Scott4 Mary Ann 100, 103, 107, 110, 112 Scott4 Susann

ah J. 98, 100, 104

Scott5 Eleanor M. 105, 108 Scott5 Eleanor 110, 113 Sheppard Eliza Fanny 111 Sherriton John 15 Shillinglaw Mary 179 Shone Catherin

e 179

Silliman Samuel 87 Silverton Rosetta Jane 105 Silvester George 85 Silvester William 75, 76, 78, 82, 86 Silvester4 Seela 78, 83, 86 Silvester5 Caroline E. 83, 86 Silvester5 Carolin

e Elizabeth 80

Silvester5 Ellen C. 83, 86 Silvester5 James Guy 81 Silvester5 William Henry 76 Silvester5 Edward 79, 83, 86 Silvester5 Ellen 79 Silvester5 George 81, 83 Silvester5 James 83, 86 Simkin Sara 116 Simpson Caroline 196 Sired Cecilia A. 88 Sired Mary Ann 67 Sired Edward 88 Sired Eliza 67 Sired Elizabet

h 67

Sired Francis 65

Index

Sired James 65, 67, 70, 72, 78, 82 Sired Sarah 65, 67 Sired William 67 Sired4 Annie 72, 78, 82 Sired5 Celia Annie 75 Sired5 Elizabe

th Sarah 75

Sired5 Florence

Mary 88

Sired5 James Henry 80 Sired5 Alice 79, 82, 88 Sired5 Anne 76, 78, 82, 88 Sired5 Celia 78, 82 Sired5 Edward 80, 82 Sired5 Elizabet

h 78, 82

Sired5 Florence

75, 78, 82

Sired5 James 82 Skeet Ellen 168 Smart James 185 Smart Mary 185 Smart Sarah 185, 187 Smith John 16 Smith William 167 Sparks Rose 172 Sronce Charles 143 Starling Sarah 135 Sterling Sarah Ann 153 Stillwell Ann 157, 165, 170 Stocker James 178 Stocker John 168, 170, 180 Stocker6 Charlott

e M. 170

Stocker6 Charlotte

Mary 178

Stocker6 Annie 180 Stocker7 Violet Annie R 176 Stocker7 Violet A. R. 180 Stocker7 Lillian M. 169, 180 Stocker7 Minnie F. 170, 180 Stocker7 Lillian 170 Stokes Harry J. 181 Stubbing6 Robert Charles 149, 152 Stubbing6 Caroline 152 Stubbing6 James 152

Index

Stubbing6 Jane 146, 149, 152 Stubbing6 Sarah 144, 149, 152 Stubbing6 Susan 152 Stubbings George 143, 148, 152 Stubbings5 Mary 143, 148, 152 Stubbings6 Carolin

e 141, 143, 149

Stubbings6 James 144 Stubbings6 Richar

d 141, 143, 148, 160

Stubbings6 Susan 142, 143, 148, 149 Stubbs Elizabet

h 2, 3, 4

Surridge Sarah 59 Swan William Thomas 69 Swan Jane 69 Swan William 69 Taylor A. J. 24 Tewkesbury Leonar

d 88

Tress Agnes 68 Tress Augusta 68 Tress Cooper 68 Tress Florence 68 Tress Frederic

k 68

Tweed Joseph 151 Tweed Louisa 151 Twitcher Caroline 72 Ullathorne Ann 69 Vernon William 69 Ward William H. 109 Warren Mary A. 104 Webb Anna Edith 178 Webb Betsy 179 Weston Ellen 110 Wheeler James 88 Whelpton4 Susann

ah Jane 111

Wheplton Robert 112 Wheplton4 Amelia H. 112 Whilpton Robert 104 Whilpton3 Amelia 104, 107 Whiplton Robert 107 Whiplton4 Harriett 104, 107 Whiplton4 Robert 104, 107

Index

Whiplton4 Susannah

107

Wilds William W. 46 William2 James 6, 23, 24 Williams Frederic

k 165

Wilson Askew 159 Wiswould Mary 108, 111 Wiswould Samuel 96, 97, 100, 101 Wiswould3 Georgia

na F. 97, 100, 103, 107

Wiswould3 Georgiana

Francis 111

Wiswould4 Henry S. 98, 100, 103, 108 Wiswould4 Henry Samuel 105, 109 Wiswould4 Thomas W. 97, 100, 105, 108 Wiswould4 Thomas Walter 109 Wiswould4 Thomas 104 Wright Elizabe

th 123

Index