The European Union Lists of Terrorist Organizations

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The European Union Lists of Terrorist Organizations

BY: Wael Lafi

I. INTRODUCTIONEleven years have elapsed since the barbarous 9/11 attacks against the innocent civilians at

the World Trade Center. These attacks took the lives of thousands of American people who

thought they were in the safest state in the world. No one was thinking that the terrorist

attacks would extend to the United States of America, the premier military force in the world

and the most politically and economically influential, It was a turning point in dealing with

phenomenon of the terrorism .

The phenomenon of terrorism was not new, but the development of the performance of these

groups and their ability to work beyond borders gave them an advantage against states.

Terrorists could cross borders and the state could not protect itself alone without the

international community.

In point of fact, the 9/11 attacks were the first attacks in the US promulgated by al Qaida, and

they were harsher and more well-organized than its other attacks. Al Qaida, which first

appeared in the beginning of the eighties, led to jihad by Afghani fighters against the Soviet

military force after the Soviet government invasion of Afghanistan at the end of 1979. The

power between the Afghani and the Soviet forces was not equal, which incited Muslim

fighters around the world to support and join the Afghans in the war, who became known

afterwards as Arab Afghan fighters led by Osama Bin Laden1. At that time as result of the

1.(National commission on terrorist attacks , the 9/11/commission Report. 55. (2004)

http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf)


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cold war between United States and the Soviet Union, the US government, backed up by

Congress, started outfitting the Afghan fighters with arms which became known as the

Charles Nesbitt Wilson war.2

As mentioned previously, the 9/11 attacks were not the first

with al Qaedas signature. In 1999, Bin Ladin issued a fatwa for jihad against the western

countries3.

The hostility against American troops began after they were deployed to Somalia in late

1992, which led them to be exposed to many offenses by Al Qaeda. In the years 1992-1996,

attacksagainst American troops had increased in Somalia, Saudi Arabia, and even in the

United States, including the 1993 bombing of World Trade Center, the destruction of

landmarks in New York in the same year, and the 1995 Manila air plot to blow up a dozen

U.S airliners over the Pacific.4

But terrorist attacks were not limited to U.S troops or

American facilities in the world, but also there were terrorist attacks in India (Mumbai in

1993, Kokrajar in 1995), Algeria (Sede Hmed in 1996), and Russia in 1999.

Terrorism is not a new phenomenon. What we know as terrorism today has roots back 2,000

years. Historically, terrorist attacks have been motivated by diverse factors. As Religiously

motivated like Sicari and Zealot, Jewish groups who were active in the Middle East during

the Roman Occupation5. The Assassins, an offshoot of a Shia Muslim sect known as the

Ismailis, had a political motivation even though their grass roots were sectarian6. The

Thugees, an Indian religious cult, ritually strangled their victims7. The term terrorism started

2Jeff Seldin, US Congressman Who Backed Afghan Fighters Against, the Soviets Dies, voice of

America(October,16,2011), http://www.voanews.com/english/news/Congressman-Who-Backed-Afghan-

Fighters-Against-the-Soviets-Dies-84102437.html3

((National commission on terrorist attacks, the 9/11/commission Report. 55. (2004)

http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf)4

((National commission on terrorist attacks, the 9/11/commission Report. 60. (2004)

http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf)5Websters, third new international dictionary, 2657, Merriam-webster, 1984.

6

Susan.D.Moeller, compassion fatigue, haw the media sell disease, famine, war and death,161, WalterCronkite, ISBAN, 19997

Elleke Boehme and Stephen Morton, terror and the post-colonial, 188, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010


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This study will also examine European Unioncounter terrorism legislation and European

Union lists of terrorist organizations.

II.

UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN UNION AGREEMENTS

Terrorism is a term that could mean a global threat requiring a global solution10

. The

revolution in IT functions has improved counter terrorism efforts to collect and obtain

criminal records and personal data, and criminal justice agencies have recognized this.

whereas this data even it is available and existed in the U.S data base, the war counter

terrorism call for sharing this information and data with foreign countries. The exchange of

this data requires mutual cooperation through treaties or agreements, which it what occurred

in November 2002 when US and EU agreed to exchange personal data and related

information.11

The U.S. Request for an agreement was not successful at first, because the European

Parliament opposed the Bush administration request in October, 2001 to remove from the

European Directive the protection of personal data12

. Therefore, the agreement on the

exchange of personal data was excluded from the first agreement.13

The parties signed the

first agreement to enhance cooperation with EU member states, acting through Europol and

10Domenic McGoldrick, from 9-11to the Iraq war 2003: international law in an age of complexity at

21.(2004)

11Supra, not 9.

12Jean- Claude Paye, Global War on Liberty,101, translated by James H. Membrez, Telos press, 2007.

13Jan Wouters and Frederik Naert, the European Union and September 11, L.Rev.719, 2003, at 12.


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the U.S. to prevent, detect, suppress, and investigate serious forms of international crime in

the areas referred to in Article 3 from the agreement which relate to criminal activities.14

In November 2002 following pressure that the European Council of Ministers and different

European governments placed on the European Parliament, the European Parliament went

back to its preceding position and passed the proposed directive from the council, which

authorized the preventive retention of connection data .15

In December 2002, Europol

representing the European Union and the United States signed the Strategic Cooperation

Agreement which provides for exchange of strategic and technical information.16

Why is personal data in the fight against terrorism important?

Article 2 from the agreement provides a definition of personal data as any information

relating to an identified or identifiable natural person,17

and clause (b) from Article 2

provides the definition of identifiable natural person as a natural person who can be

identified, directly or indirectly, by reference to, in particular, an identification number or to

one or more factors specific to his physical, physiological, mental, economic, cultural or

social identity.18

Clause (c) provides the definition of the processing of personal data as any operation or set

of operations which is performed upon such data, whether or not by automatic means, such as

collection, recording, organization, storage, adaptation or alteration, retrieval, combination,14

Agreement to enhance cooperation in preventing , detecting, suppressing, and investigating serious forms of

international crime, with Annex, U.S.-E.U., December 2001, available at

https://www.europol.europa.eu/sites/.../united_states_of_america.pdf.

15Supra, not 11.

16Supra, not 9.

17Id.

18Id.
https://www.europol.europa.eu/sites/.../united_states_of_america.pdfhttps://www.europol.europa.eu/sites/.../united_states_of_america.pdfhttps://www.europol.europa.eu/sites/.../united_states_of_america.pdf


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use, disclosure by transmission, dissemination or otherwise making available, alignment or

combination, locking, erasure or destruction.19

The definitions of personal data and identifiable natural person and the processing of personal

data indicate that the central aim of this agreement is on identifying people whether this

information is specific to their physical, physiological, mental, economic, cultural, or social

identity. This stresses the notion that the war counter terrorism begins by gathering and

analysing all personal data to trace and prevent the terrorist act in advance, with the

knowledge that terrorist organizations are working in secret and in darkness.

The European Unions location and the free movement within the European Union create a

fertile area for terrorist movement and transportation between Asia, Africa and the United

States. Thus, the union between European states that created the Schengen area20

makes the

European database fertile and useful in the war counter terrorism. And the US- EU agreement

to exchange strategic and technical information has achieved good results in this war.

Globalization and the free movement of people across national borders has made the effort

to counter terrorism of immigration officials, border security agencies and police harder and

has created a growing challenge21

. The exchange of criminal history records was the first step

made by criminal justice officials to begin to view the criminal backgrounds of visitors to

their countries and to view their own citizens criminal activities abroad.22

19Id.

20Convention Implementing the Schengen Agreement of 14 June 1985, F,R,G.-Fr., June 15, 1985, (200) O.J.(L

239) 19, available atwww.europa-nu.nl/9353000/1/j4nvgs5kjg27kof.../vi7jgswwyvzt

21James B. Jacobs and Dimitra Blitsa, Sharing criminal records: the United States, the European Union and

Interpol compared, L. Rev.125, 2008, at 1.

22Id.
http://www.europa-nu.nl/9353000/1/j4nvgs5kjg27kof.../vi7jgswwyvzthttp://www.europa-nu.nl/9353000/1/j4nvgs5kjg27kof.../vi7jgswwyvzthttp://www.europa-nu.nl/9353000/1/j4nvgs5kjg27kof.../vi7jgswwyvzthttp://www.europa-nu.nl/9353000/1/j4nvgs5kjg27kof.../vi7jgswwyvzt


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According to these agreements which provide for contact points and liaison officers, Europol

has established a liaison office in the U.S. and an U.S liaison magistrate to Euro just.23

The

agreements and the cooperation between the United States and the European Union in

security and criminal matters after 9/11 was an important step in the war against terrorists.

These efforts give the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) absolute power in the European

Union states through their agencies to collect information and data as well as extraordinary

rendition to transfer terrorist suspects from these countries to the United States or to a third

state, which led the European Union Parliament and the European Council to issue a report

about the transcendence of the CIA in Europe. According to a European Parliament report,

CIA activities prompted several official investigations in Europe into alleged secret

detentions and unlawful inter-state transfers involving Council of Europe member states. An

estimated 100 people kidnapped by the CIA on EU territory (with the cooperation of Council

of Europe members) and rendered to other countries, often after having transited through

secret detention canters ("black sites") used by the CIA, some of which were located in

Europe. According to this report, in 2007 the CIA conducted 1,245 flights, many of them to

destinations where suspects could face torture, in violation of Article 3 of the United Nations

Convention against Torture.24

At the same time, however, one must never forget that in the

real Hobbesian world, power talks, and the relationship between the U.S and the EU protects

the world.25

III. EUROPEAN UNION LEGISLATION COUNTERTERRORSIM

23Supra, not 13.

24Wikipedia, Extraordinary rendition by the United States( November.19,2011, 15,11 pm)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition_by_the_United_States

25

Ian Ward, The challenges of European Union Foreign and security policy: retrospective and prospective, at21, Tulane Journal of international and comparative law, 2005.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition_by_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition_by_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition_by_the_United_States


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Beginning with the European Community (EC) through the European Union (EU), there has

been extraordinary economic, political, social and legal integration .The institutional

structures of the European Union, or the EU principal institutions, are the Council, the

European Council, the Parliament and the Commission, commonly called the political

institutions.26

The EC treaty27

defined the kind of legal acts the political institutions of the

community could take and the legal effects those acts would have. The treaty stated that the

Council, the Parliament acting jointly with the council, and the Commission may, in

accordance with the provisions of the treaty, issue regulations, directives, decisions,

recommendations or opinions, and these regulations, directives and decisions are binding in

the member states.28

As a response to the 9/11 attacks, the European Council met in an extraordinary session on

September 21, 2001, and stated that terrorism was a real challenge to the world and to

Europe, and the fight against terrorist acts had become more than a priority object for

European Union.29 This declaration emphasised that the United States and the European

Union were in the same trench in the war counter terrorism. Even though this declaration

was just a diplomatic declaration, it laid the groundwork for the relationship and cooperation

between the United States and the European police to combat terrorism.30

In fact, this

26Id, at 31.

27The treaty establishing the European Community EC, The Treaty of Rome, officially the Treaty establishing

the European Economic Community, was an international agreement that led to the founding of the European

Economic Community on 1 January 1958. It was signed on 25 March 1957 by Belgium, France, Italy,

Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany. The word Economic was deleted from the treaty's name by

the Maastricht Treaty in 1993, and the treaty was repackaged as the Treaty on the functioning of the European

Union on the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009. Available at

http://europa.eu/abc/treaties/index_en.htm.

28Supra, not 25, at 75,75.

29Conclusion and plan of action of the extraordinary European council meeting on 21, September 2001

(November 19 2011) . Available atwww.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/.../en/.../140.en.pdf

30Id.
http://europa.eu/abc/treaties/index_en.htmhttp://europa.eu/abc/treaties/index_en.htmhttp://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/.../en/.../140.en.pdfhttp://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/.../en/.../140.en.pdfhttp://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/.../en/.../140.en.pdfhttp://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/.../en/.../140.en.pdfhttp://europa.eu/abc/treaties/index_en.htm


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declaration was the basis for European counter terrorism legislation and led to significant

changes in the national laws of member states.31

According to this declaration, the European

Council adopted a common position on the application of specific measures to combat

terrorism.32

This common position defined the terrorist act in Article 1 Clause 3 which

provided: For the purposes of this common position, terrorist act shall mean one of the

following intentional acts, which, given its nature or its context, may seriously damage a

country or an international origination, as defined as offence under national law, where

committed with the aim of.33

In reality, this common position contained a list of crimes that

were already considered common law offenses in the criminal codes of member states. 34

However, for the first time, in its common position, the Council attached a list of persons,

groups and entities involved in terrorist acts, according to Article 1, and listed it in the

Annex.35

This paper will discuss this list in the next section.

At the same meeting on December 27, 2001, the European Council adopted a second

common position on combating terrorism36 according to Article 1 which provided: The

31Supra, not 11, at 102.

32The European Council common position, on application of specific measures to combat terrorism,

(2001/931/CFSP), December, 27, 2001. (November 19.2011) available at,

http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:3GEgjSZVxA4J:eur-

lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DOJ:L:2001:344:0093:0096:EN:PDF+the+council+common+p

osition+2001/154/cfsp&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjnXjb4b4tfTWddLFWIEXjT5ymTtWWl4c8-qOkvxEtN7B5KeG8FlypEKMkM12K_yL1jCrysPsMmuMy1U6zjqyTBUi678VfP5KvOTj55lm7e0lGzhy-xT4wImms-

cXnqgYoLX5-z&sig=AHIEtbQQiSPleuOBg_Zwjs423FFj-lhnSg.

33Id, at 1.


35Supra, not 29.

36Council Common Position of 27 December 2001 on combating terrorism, (2001/930/CFSP) Official Journal of

the European Communities, available at
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wilful provision or collection, by any means, directly or indirectly, of funds by citizens or

within the territory of each of the Member States of the European Union with the intention

that the funds should be used, or in the knowledge that they are to be used, in order to carry

out terrorist acts shall be criminalized.37

This common position addressed the Union Act to

Suppress the financing of terrorist groups, persons, and even institutions. According to the

preamble of the common position , the councils act was in accordance with and on the basis

of the United Nation Security Council Resolution 1373(2001).38

The council attached lists of

the international conventions and protocols relating to terrorism,39

and in Article 14 stated:

Member States shall become parties as soon as possible to the relevant international

conventions and protocols relating to terrorism listed in the Annex.40

The next step in the

war counter terrorism was European Union Regulation No 2580/2001 on specific restrictive

measures directed against certain persons and entities with view to combating terrorism.41

After the first step taken by the council common position 2001/931/CFSP,42

which instituted

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32001E0930:EN:NOT

37Id.

38Supra, not 8.


40

Id, at 2.

41Council Regulation (EC) No 2580/2001 of 27 December 2001 on specific restrictive measures directed against

certain persons and entities with a view to combating terrorism, available at

http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:9Vtay9N2qwUJ:eur-

lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DOJ:L:2001:344:0070:0075:EN:PDF+European+Union:+Coun

cil+of+the+European+Union,+Council+Regulation+(EC)+No.+2580/2001+of+27+December+2001+on+specific+r

estrictive+measures+directed+against+certain+persons+and+entities+with+a+view+to+combating+terrorism,+

27+December+2001,+No.+2580/2001&hl=en&gl=uk&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESh5poyaCL8KyoGabpAr7IzOZJ0YMn

zILP65bAMYZHxH4bPbfgODlndDfoKAwARyyLUK3WQXpRkjgws1UY7PCpvdbSWgBLovv0lXlAq7Sx06AcmBueb9jR

4NgjjDqQ80cQS9vbNG&sig=AHIEtbSy4IPR28G-BdszDYIM1NFbaailZg.

42Supra, not 33.
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the general legislation by defining the terrorist act, the council as mentioned previously went

forward to criminalize the act of terrorism and to control terrorist funds and financial

services. It did so by tracking their money and financial transactions and freezing them to

deprive terrorist individuals and organizations from benefiting from these assets. In this

regulation, the council drew up the general provision for the Union member states, as

paragraph 12 from the preamble of the regulation, which stated that member states should

lay down rules on sanctions applicable to infringements of the provisions of this regulation

and ensure that they are implemented. Those sanctions must be effective, proportionate and

dissuasive.43 The council encouraged the Union member states to share information related

to terrorist transaction accounts, and the council issued a list of the competent authorities and

placed it in the annex of this regulation, as Article 4 provides,44

because they are responsible

for dealing with terrorist money transactions. The importance of this regulation is that it

allowed the authorities to freeze terrorist funds and financial services. It was composed as the

first step in the global war counter terrorist organizations. As President Bush stated money is

the life-blood of terrorist operation. Today were asking the world to stop payment.45

All the measures that the European Council took were not enough to increase substantially

the member states ability to counter terrorism efforts. Therefore, it was important for the

European Union to adopt a general strategy to develop a common approach to prevent,

protect, pursue, and respond to the terrorist act. Thus, the European Council on November

30, 2005 convened in Brussels and adopted the European Union CounterTerrorism

43Supra, not 42.

44Id.

45Angela D. Hardister, can we buy peace on earth?: the price of freezing terrorist assets in a post-September

11 world, 1, north Carolina Journal of international law and commercial regulation, reg.603, 2003.


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Strategy.46

This strategy gave member states the power to conduct the war counter terrorism.

As mentioned previously, any act from the European Council as a regulation or directive is

binding on all member states. Therefore, the strategy attempted, as the council stated: to

combat terrorism globally while respecting human right, and make Europe safer, allowing its

citizens to live in area of freedom, security and justice.47The councils strategy had four

parts:

A) Prevent : To make Europe safer, to prevent people turning to terrorism by tackingthe factors or root causes which can lead to recruitment, in Europe and

internationally48the council in this point prevent explain the situations which

create an environment lead the persons and individuals to be part from the terrorist

organization such as Al Qaida, and draw up the general lines to protect those

individuals not only inside the Union states but also outside the Union as the

paragraph eleven from the first element Prevent provide to counter this outside the

Union we must promote even more vigorously good governance, human rights,

democracy as well as education and economic prosperity, and engage in conflict

resolution. We must also target inequalities and discrimination where they exist and

promote inter-cultural dialogue and long-term integration where appropriate.49

B) Protect: To protect citizens and infrastructure and reduce vulnerability to attacksThrough improved the security at borders, transportation and critical infrastructure.

50

46COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, the European Union CounterTerrorism Strategy, 14469/05. Available

athttp://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/justice_freedom_security/fight_against_terrorism/l33275_en.htm

47Id,at 3.

48Id, at 7.

49

Id, at 9.

50Id, at 10
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/justice_freedom_security/fight_against_terrorism/l33275_en.htmhttp://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/justice_freedom_security/fight_against_terrorism/l33275_en.htmhttp://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/justice_freedom_security/fight_against_terrorism/l33275_en.htmhttp://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/justice_freedom_security/fight_against_terrorism/l33275_en.htm


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This element encouraged the states members to enhance and protect their external

borders,51

their transportation security (including the protection of airports, seaports,

and aircraft),52

and work internationally with partners and international organizations

in all areas.53

C) Pursue: To pursue and investigate terrorists across borders and globally; to impedeplanning, travel, and communications; to disrupt support networks; to cut off funding

and access to attack materials and bring terrorists to justice.54

This task was to encourage the member states to exchange information and

intelligence, to have the necessary tools to collect and analyze this information, to

develop common policies to respond to threats, and to improve the European Arrest

Warrant and police co-operation.55

D) Respond: To prepare members of the European Union to respond in a spirit ofsolidarity and to manage and minimize the consequences of terrorist attacks, by

improving capabilities to deal with the aftermath, the co-ordination of the response;

and the needs of victims of terrorist acts.56

As the council mentioned we cannot reduce the risk of terrorist attacks to zero.57

Therefore the council stated that the European States should work together by

improving the emergency response to a terrorist incident, by the meaning of

51Id.

52Id.

53Id, at 11.

54Id, at 12.

55Id, at 12, 13 ,14.

56Id, at 15.

57Id.


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14

solidarity, assistance and compensation of the victims of terrorism and their families,

and by enhance and improver the act responds internationally.58

IV. The European Union Lists of Terrorist Organizations:The European Union Council established common positions to deal with ending the

supply of arms and ammunition to all parties in the Afghanistan conflict, taking measures

against the Taliban regime and Osama bin Ladin in Afghanistan, and preventing and

supressing the financing of the Taliban regime and Osama bin Ladin. They did this in the

European Council common positions 746/199659

and 727/199960

and 1771/200161

, in

accordance with and implemented by the U.N security council resolutions 1067/1996,62

and 1333/200063

, which will not be discussed in this paper.

58Id, at 16.

59The European council COMMON POSITION of 17 December 1996 defined by the Council on the basis of

Article J.2 of the Treaty on European Union concerning the imposition of an embargo on arms, munitions and

military equipment on Afghanistan (96/746/CPSP ) available at

http://www.sipri.org/databases/embargoes/eu_arms_embargoes/afghanistan/746

60The council of the European Union common position of 15, November 1999, concerning restrictive measures

against the Taliban, 1999/727/CFSP) available at

http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:GTzqRJcYI1MJ:www.hm-

treasury.gov.uk/d/council_common_position_727_151199.pdf+Common+Position+1999/727/CFSP&hl=en&gl

=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjX5GzYx8ZInNTPpMgzbAHRL1lsFHySOyNtW1R6emulfosv29Qh8bGyRIpZtoZzaxLK8Q

5mT_8Mnt7ktGf9PApBgJWCeg8kZssJzBYb5jqmkuaWQYHTuU7LrsqUhP4gFXmnM_qi&sig=AHIEtbThIpylwscauY

PkNyEiiILZi2ulmw

61The council of the European Union common position 771/2001, of 5 November 2001, concerning restrictive

measures against the Taliban and amending common positions 1996/746 CFSP, 2001/ 65 CFSP, 2001/54 CFSP.

Available at http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:-cccsETX_K0J:eur-

lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DOJ:L:2001:289:0036:0036:EN:PDF+council+common+positi

on+2001/154&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESh7xLgrQoXYpK_vtuF5DRfz6_LqIDW7RfOZcVFVw4tuXSCN0B

KSlKQFxQ-

PjdQAqWfQWW6LqlOnLI9fH_Cpi7LsY2UA4kF95v2ifA0GoUacjBND_jrKgV316hrE15yyn2ivNnz9&sig=AHIEtbRVF

12WCCTL5zzYiRC7qetFFS9mRg

62S.C.Res.1076/1996, 8, U.N. Doc. S/RES/1076(October, 22, 1996). Available at,

http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:D7YR8o1A1RQJ:www.sipri.org/databases/embargoes/un_arms_embargoes/afghanistan/1076+secuity+council+resolution+1076/1996&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgb

660QqYM0SFpMlnhCjqEhxuf4eKtCmIR7Er3lSX-
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15/26

15

However, the efforts of the Council of the European Union did not stop with dictating

the criminal codes of the member states by adopting the common position64

as mentioned

previously, it also issued a list of the organizations and persons named as terrorists to

enforce and implement the UN Security Council resolution no 1373/2001.65

This

resolution lays out wide-ranging strategies to combat terrorism and in particular to

combat the financing of terrorism.

On December 27, 2001, the European Council adopted two common positions, 930/2001

and 931 /2001, which constituted its legislation counter terrorism. This made clear the

most important issue, which according to the Treaty on European Union Article 24

provides that the Common Foreign and Security Policy is subject to specific rules and

procedure and the court of Justice of European Union shall not have jurisdiction

with respect to these provisions.66

Thus, according to the meaning of CFSP in the area of

Union security, when the council acts, the court of justice has no jurisdiction over this act.

Therefore, the councils common position is not subject to judicial review, except in very

limited areas.67

On the other hand, the regulations and decisions of the council are subject

to review by the EU courts regarding their validity or interpretation.

lmw_Ob0Bdji3BYVZ8RR8gDMBfmb_PG99XKWtdxZAV2Uv9MHN8WgmNMrdiE4oh-lr5Vx1ZE1yoh-I5ILRolDQY80IStbgB&sig=AHIEtbSZgLdWn5Qx5jCOByMu8nY4uLygKg

63S.C.Res.1333/2000, 8, U.N. Doc. S/RES/1333(December, 19, 2000) available at

www.un.org/Docs/scres/2000/sc2000.htm

64Supra, not 42.

65S.C.Res.1373, 8, U.N. Doc. S/RES/1373(September, 11, 2001). Available at,

http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2001/sc7158.doc.htm

66The Treaty on European Union, TEU, March 30, 2010, Article 24. Available at,http://eur-

lex.europa.eu/en/treaties/index.htm

http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:D7YR8o1A1RQJ:www.sipri.org/databases/embargoes/un_arms_embargoes/afghanistan/1076+secuity+council+resolution+1076/1996&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgb660QqYM0SFpMlnhCjqEhxuf4eKtCmIR7Er3lSX-lmw_Ob0Bdji3BYVZ8RR8gDMBfmb_PG99XKWtdxZAV2Uv9MHN8WgmNMrdiE4oh-lr5Vx1ZE1yoh-I5ILRolDQY80IStbgB&sig=AHIEtbSZgLdWn5Qx5jCOByMu8nY4uLygKghttp://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:D7YR8o1A1RQJ:www.sipri.org/databases/embargoes/un_arms_embargoes/afghanistan/1076+secuity+council+resolution+1076/1996&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgb660QqYM0SFpMlnhCjqEhxuf4eKtCmIR7Er3lSX-lmw_Ob0Bdji3BYVZ8RR8gDMBfmb_PG99XKWtdxZAV2Uv9MHN8WgmNMrdiE4oh-lr5Vx1ZE1yoh-I5ILRolDQY80IStbgB&sig=AHIEtbSZgLdWn5Qx5jCOByMu8nY4uLygKghttp://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:D7YR8o1A1RQJ:www.sipri.org/databases/embargoes/un_arms_embargoes/afghanistan/1076+secuity+council+resolution+1076/1996&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgb660QqYM0SFpMlnhCjqEhxuf4eKtCmIR7Er3lSX-lmw_Ob0Bdji3BYVZ8RR8gDMBfmb_PG99XKWtdxZAV2Uv9MHN8WgmNMrdiE4oh-lr5Vx1ZE1yoh-I5ILRolDQY80IStbgB&sig=AHIEtbSZgLdWn5Qx5jCOByMu8nY4uLygKghttp://www.un.org/Docs/scres/2000/sc2000.htmhttp://www.un.org/Docs/scres/2000/sc2000.htmhttp://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2001/sc7158.doc.htmhttp://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2001/sc7158.doc.htmhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/treaties/index.htmhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/treaties/index.htmhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/treaties/index.htmhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/treaties/index.htmhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/treaties/index.htmhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/treaties/index.htmhttp://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2001/sc7158.doc.htmhttp://www.un.org/Docs/scres/2000/sc2000.htmhttp://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:D7YR8o1A1RQJ:www.sipri.org/databases/embargoes/un_arms_embargoes/afghanistan/1076+secuity+council+resolution+1076/1996&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgb660QqYM0SFpMlnhCjqEhxuf4eKtCmIR7Er3lSX-lmw_Ob0Bdji3BYVZ8RR8gDMBfmb_PG99XKWtdxZAV2Uv9MHN8WgmNMrdiE4oh-lr5Vx1ZE1yoh-I5ILRolDQY80IStbgB&sig=AHIEtbSZgLdWn5Qx5jCOByMu8nY4uLygKghttp://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:D7YR8o1A1RQJ:www.sipri.org/databases/embargoes/un_arms_embargoes/afghanistan/1076+secuity+council+resolution+1076/1996&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgb660QqYM0SFpMlnhCjqEhxuf4eKtCmIR7Er3lSX-lmw_Ob0Bdji3BYVZ8RR8gDMBfmb_PG99XKWtdxZAV2Uv9MHN8WgmNMrdiE4oh-lr5Vx1ZE1yoh-I5ILRolDQY80IStbgB&sig=AHIEtbSZgLdWn5Qx5jCOByMu8nY4uLygKg


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According to Article 1 from the Councils common position,on December 27, 2001, the

council issued its first list of persons,groups and entities involved in terrorist acts

(2001/931/CFSP).68

This was the first time that the European Union issued a list of

terrorist organizations and persons linked to the Middle East conflict (Hezbollah69

,

Jihad70

, and Hamas71

) as well as Basque and Irish movements. Also, national liberation

movements conducting armed struggle in their countries were included on the list, such as

the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), the Workers Party of Kurdistan

(PKK) or the Martyrs Brigade of Al-Aqsa, which is linked to Fatah. Although these

organizations linked to the Middle East have not carried out violent acts in Europe, their

activities have disrupted or have been prohibited on the territory of the Union.72

68Supra, not 33.

69Hezbollah[1] (Arabic: izbu-llh(i), literally "Party of God") is a Shi'a Muslim militant group and

political party based in Lebanon,[2][3][4] and leads the March 8 Alliance, which withdrew from the

government in January 2011 over its refusal to reject the Special Tribunal for Lebanon. It receives financial and

political support from Iran and Syria, and its paramilitary wing is regarded as a resistance movement

throughout much of the Arab and Muslim worlds.[2] The United States, the Netherlands[5] United Kingdom,

Egypt,[6] Israel, Australia, and Canada classify Hezbollah as a terrorist organization, in whole or in part ,

Wikipedia,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah.

70The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine (Arabic: , Harakat al-Jihad al-Islmi fi

Filastn) known in the West as simply Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), is a small Palestinian militant

organization.[2] The group has been labelled as a terrorist group by the United States,[3] the European

Union,[4] the United Kingdom,[5] Japan,[6] Canada,[7] Australia[8] and Israel. Their goal is the destruction ofthe state of Israel and its replacement with an Islamic state, Wikipedia,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Jihad_Movement_in_Palestine.

71Hamas (Arabic: Hamas, "enthusiasm", an acronym of Hirakata al-Muqwamah al-

Islmiyyah, "Islamic Resistance Movement") is the Palestinian Sunni Islamic or Islamist *5+ political party that

governs the Gaza Strip. Hamas also has a military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades.[6] Since June 2007

Hamas has governed the Gaza portion of the Palestinian Territories, after it won a majority of seats in the

Palestinian Parliament in the January 2006 Palestinian parliamentary elections[7] and then defeated the Fatah

political organization in a series of violent clashes. The European Union,[8][9] the United States,[10] Canada,

Israel and Japan classify Hamas as a terrorist organization,[11][12] while nations such as Russia,[13]

Turkey,[14] and Switzerland[15] do not, Wikipedia,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Jihad_Movement_in_Palestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Jihad_Movement_in_Palestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Jihad_Movement_in_Palestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah


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There was concern that the inclusion of these armed groups on the list was not result of a

judicial act, but rather the desire of the executive bodies of the European national states.73

In reality, Regulation 2580/200174

made the inclusion of these groups possible. The

European Union refused to delineate between these groups on the basis of whether or not

they were terrorist organizations, while, on the other hand, the United States included

certain organizations like Hezbollah and Hamas on its terrorist list.75

In 2005 Hamas as a whole was added by the European Council to the terrorist list. The

European Union, although quick to respond in many areas related to terrorist activity after

September 11th, was slow to join the United States in blocking terrorist assets. Once the

United States' list of names began to expand beyond the al-Qaida network, the European

Union became more hesitant to block the assets of these other groups. Some individual

countries, such as the United Kingdom, implemented their own blocking orders, but a

European Union-wide block on certain terrorist groups was slow in coming. Facing

pressure from the United States and other countries, the European Union designated a list

of forty-two terrorist entities in December of 2001. The United States took six entities

from the European Union list and added them to the United States list.76

73Id, at 11

74Supra, not 42.

75On September 24, 2001, President George W. Bush issued an executive order that immediately froze U.S.

financial assets of, and prohibited U.S. transactions with, twenty-seven different entities. [FN25] The listed

entities included terrorist organizations, individual terrorist leaders, a corporation that serves as a front for

terrorism, and several non-profit organizations.Exec. Order No. 13,224, 3 C.F.R. 786, 790 (2001), reprinted as

amended in 50 U.S.C.A 1701 (2002).76

Alicia L. Rause, USA PATRIOT ACT: ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING AND TERRORIST FINANCING LEGISLATION IN

THE U.S. AND EUROPE SINCE SEPTEMBER 11TH

,185,University of Miami International and Comparative Law

Review,11 U. Miami Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 173.(2003)


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The European Union got around this classification by considering separately a groups

military wing and its civilian wing.77

As mentioned previously, in 2005 Hamas as a whole

was added to the European terrorist list, whereas the European Council even today has

not added Hezbollah as whole to its list, claiming that there is not sufficient data to do so

as Xavier Solana, the EU Foreign Minister, has stated. Than the EU Council started

interred individuals names from Hezbollah military wing to the EU list under procure

from the U.S congress.78

However, as mentioned previously, the European Council adopted Regulation 2580/2001

as an advancement act to further the Councils Common Position 931/CFSP, which in its

earlier Article 2(3) provided The council, acting by unanimity, shall establish, review

and amend the list of persons, groups and entities to which this regulation applies, in

accordance with provisions laid down in article 1(4), (5) and (6) of common position

2001/931 CFSP.79

Therefore, the council on the same day, December 27, adopted an additional list for

Decision 2001/927,80

which as Article 1 did, included seven individuals related to the Al-

Qaida terrorist network, and one person from the military wing of Hezbollah and

Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) as terrorist organizations. In reality, this list did not carry

new names. The names on this list were already included on the list provided by


78Directorate of Legal Research for Foreign, Comparative, and International Law ,James Madison Memorial

Building; Report for Congress, European Union list of terrorist persons or terrorist organization, no 03957.

(2007).

79Supra, not 42, article 2(3).

80Council decision, establishing the list provided in article 2(3) of council regulation (EC) no 2580/2001 on

specific restrictive measures directed against certain persons and entities with a view to combating terrorism,no (2001) on 27, December, 2001.


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Regulation 2001/931/CFSP, which raised the question: what are the criteria for including

terrorist individuals or organizations and entities on the EU list?

On October 15, 1999, the Security Council of the United Nations adopted Resolution

1267 (1999)81

concerning the Al Qaida terrorist network and the Taliban regime. This

Security Council act was under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nation. The UN

Security Council in paragraph 2 of this Resolution indicated that the Taliban should turn

over Osama bin Laden, and the Council in paragraph 3 indicated that all member states of

the United Nations had to impose measures and report to the Security Council that

Talibanhas fully complied with the obligation set out in paragraph 2.82

Therefore,to enforce resolution provisions, the Security Council stated, in addition, that

all member states had to comply with clause A from paragraph 4 that stated that all

members had to freeze the funds and resources of the Taliban and Al Qaida.83

For the

implementationthese provisions, the Security Council established a committee according

to paragraph six of the resolution, which provided Decides to establish, in accordance

with rule 28 of its provisional rules of procedure, a Committee of the Security Council

consisting of all the members of the Council to undertake the following tasks and to

report on its work to the Council with its observations and recommendations.84

The tasks of this committee were to receive information from state parties related to

terrorist acts and the process that states were making on this issue and make periodic

reports to the Council. The Committee was also tasked with the maintenance of a list of

81S.C.Res.1267, 8, U.N. Doc. S/RES/1276(OCT 15, 1999). Available at

http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1267(1999)

82Id, at 2.

83Id paragraph 4 (b).

84Id, at 3.
http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1267(1999)http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1267(1999)http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1267(1999)


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the individuals and entities designated as associated with the Taliban or Osama bin

Laden, based on unspecified information provided by governments and regional

organizations. Names were added to the list by consensus after the proposal of a

government. This committee adopted general guidelines on preparing the terrorist list

which it required a specific form and all member states had to work with this form.85

This list included individuals and entities designated as belonging to or associated with

the Taliban, Osama Bin Laden, and the Al-Qaida organization, based on relevant

information provided by the UN Members and regional organizations. The European

Commission had the authority to supplement or amend this list on the grounds of

pertinent notification or information from the Member States, the Security Council, or the

Sanctions Committee.86

On the other hand, the EU Council went along with the Security Council general

guidelines. The EU Council needed to adopt the European Union guidelines for

implementation of the Security Council resolutions and the Committees list of terrorist

persons, organization and entities. Thus, the Council of the European Union on December

3, 2003, adopted guidelines for the implementation and evaluation of restrictive measures

85The Committee maintains a List of individuals and entities subject to the sanctions measures. By resolutions

1267 (1999), 1333 (2000), 1390 (2002), as reiterated in resolutions 1455 (2003), 1526 (2004), 1617 (2005),

1735 (2006), 1822 (2008), 1904 (2009) and 1989 (2011) the Security Council has obliged all States to:

freeze without delay the funds and other financial assets or economic resources, including funds derived from

property owned or controlled directly or indirectly

prevent the entry into or the transit through their territories

Prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale, or transfer of arms and related material, including military and

paramilitary equipment, technical advice, assistance or training related to military activities, with regard to the

individuals, groups, undertakings and entities placed on the Al-Qaida Sanctions List. Available at

http://www.un.org/sc/committees/1267/aq_sanctions_list.shtml

http://www.un.org/sc/committees/1267/aq_sanctions_list.shtmlhttp://www.un.org/sc/committees/1267/aq_sanctions_list.shtmlhttp://www.un.org/sc/committees/1267/aq_sanctions_list.shtml


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(sanctions) under the framework of EU Common Foreign and Security Policy

15579/2003.87

The Council stated that, to implement the Sanction Committees guidelines, it had to

respect human rights and fundamental freedoms,88

and decided that a person or entity

had to be subject to restrictive measures under clear criteria to determine which persons

and entities could be listed,89

and identify information to insure that targeted restrictive

measures did not impact non-targeted persons or entities.90

For that, the council had to

keep the situation under review to determine when and how the criteria were met.

The council stated that these common position guidelines were on the basis of the UN

Resolution 1267/199991

.The EU council amended these guidelines on November 29, 2005

by its Common Position 15115/2005,92

and also the Security Councils Sanction

Committee had been amended the UN guidelines on 21 December 2005 and in 29

November 2006.93

The creation of the UN Sanction Committees list of persons, organizations and entities as

terrorists, was subject to criticism due to its lack of transparency and due process

87Council Common Position (EC) No 15579/2003 of 3 December 2003. Available at

http/register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/03/st15/st15579.en03.pdf.

88Id, at 7. Paragraph 13.

89Id, at 7, paragraph 14.

90Id, at 7, paragraph 15.

91Supra, not 76.

92Council Common Position (EC), no 15115/05, of 29 November 2005. Available at

register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/05/st15/st15115.en05.pdf

93

Guidelines of the committee for the conduct of its work, un, 25 December 2006. Available atwww.loc.gov/law/help/EUTerroristLists.pdf
http://www.loc.gov/law/help/EUTerroristLists.pdfhttp://www.loc.gov/law/help/EUTerroristLists.pdfhttp://www.loc.gov/law/help/EUTerroristLists.pdf


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safeguards, and the fact that this persons and entities did not have the right to be heard or

to have their cases reviewed by the UN or be informed or reasons for their designation.94

As mentioned before, the European Council adopted the Common Position to implement

the UN Security Councils sanction. According to EU law, as discussed before, the

European Court of Justice had no jurisdiction over the CFSP. The council was criticised

for this because it was inconsistent and derogated from the scheme of judicial protection

of fundamental rights laid down by the EC treaty, as the European Court of Justice stated

in the case of: Yassin Abdullah Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v. Council

of the European Union and Commission of the European Communities.95 This case

concerned the EUs implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1390/2002,96

calling for the freezing of assets of certain individuals and entities associated with certain

terrorist organizations; therefore, the EU Council adopted Regulation 881/2002.97

In this case, the European Court of Justice overruled the Court of First Instance and

annulled the regulation of the Council which froze the funds of Kadi and Al Barakaat.

942005 World Summit Outcome, G.A. Res.60/1, Para 109, U.N. Doc. A/RES/60/1(October.24,2005).

95Joined Cases C-402/05 P and C-415/05 P, Yassin Abdullah Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation

V. Council of the European Union and Commission of the European Communities, 2008 E.C.R I- C-402/05 P and

C-415/05 P. available at,http://curia.europa.eu/jurisp/cgi-

bin/form.pl?lang=en&newform=newform&alljur=alljur&jurcdj=jurcdj&jurtpi=jurtpi&jurtfp=jurtfp&alldocrec=al

ldocrec&docj=docj&docor=docor&docdecision=docdecision&docop=docop&docppoag=docppoag&docav=doc

av&docsom=docsom&docinf=docinf&alldocnorec=alldocnorec&docnoj=docnoj&docnoor=docnoor&radtypeor

d=on&typeord=ALL&docnodecision=docnodecision&allcommjo=allcommjo&affint=affint&affclose=affclose&numaff=C-

402%2F05&ddatefs=&mdatefs=&ydatefs=&ddatefe=&mdatefe=&ydatefe=&nomusuel=&domaine=&mots=&re

smax=100&Submit=Submit

96S.C.Res.1390, U.N. Doc. S/RES/1390(January 28, 2002).

97The European council regulation 881/2002,of 27May, 2002, imposing certain specific restrictive measures

directed against certain persons and entities associated

with Usama bin Laden, the Al-Qaida network and the Taliban, and repealing Council

Regulation (EC) No 467/2001 prohibiting the export of certain goods and services to Afghanistan,

strengthening the flight ban and extending the freeze of funds and other financial resources inRespect of the Taliban of Afghanistan. Available athttp://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/fin_sanctions_alqaida.htm
http://curia.europa.eu/jurisp/cgi-bin/form.pl?lang=en&newform=newform&alljur=alljur&jurcdj=jurcdj&jurtpi=jurtpi&jurtfp=jurtfp&alldocrec=alldocrec&docj=docj&docor=docor&docdecision=docdecision&docop=docop&docppoag=docppoag&docav=docav&docsom=docsom&docinf=docinf&alldocnorec=alldocnorec&docnoj=docnoj&docnoor=docnoor&radtypeord=on&typeord=ALL&docnodecision=docnodecision&allcommjo=allcommjo&affint=affint&affclose=affclose&numaff=C-402%2F05&ddatefs=&mdatefs=&ydatefs=&ddatefe=&mdatefe=&ydatefe=&nomusuel=&domaine=&mots=&resmax=100&Submit=Submithttp://curia.europa.eu/jurisp/cgi-bin/form.pl?lang=en&newform=newform&alljur=alljur&jurcdj=jurcdj&jurtpi=jurtpi&jurtfp=jurtfp&alldocrec=alldocrec&docj=docj&docor=docor&docdecision=docdecision&docop=docop&docppoag=docppoag&docav=docav&docsom=docsom&docinf=docinf&alldocnorec=alldocnorec&docnoj=docnoj&docnoor=docnoor&radtypeord=on&typeord=ALL&docnodecision=docnodecision&allcommjo=allcommjo&affint=affint&affclose=affclose&numaff=C-402%2F05&ddatefs=&mdatefs=&ydatefs=&ddatefe=&mdatefe=&ydatefe=&nomusuel=&domaine=&mots=&resmax=100&Submit=Submithttp://curia.europa.eu/jurisp/cgi-bin/form.pl?lang=en&newform=newform&alljur=alljur&jurcdj=jurcdj&jurtpi=jurtpi&jurtfp=jurtfp&alldocrec=alldocrec&docj=docj&docor=docor&docdecision=docdecision&docop=docop&docppoag=docppoag&docav=docav&docsom=docsom&docinf=docinf&alldocnorec=alldocnorec&docnoj=docnoj&docnoor=docnoor&radtypeord=on&typeord=ALL&docnodecision=docnodecision&allcommjo=allcommjo&affint=affint&affclose=affclose&numaff=C-402%2F05&ddatefs=&mdatefs=&ydatefs=&ddatefe=&mdatefe=&ydatefe=&nomusuel=&domaine=&mots=&resmax=100&Submit=Submithttp://curia.europa.eu/jurisp/cgi-bin/form.pl?lang=en&newform=newform&alljur=alljur&jurcdj=jurcdj&jurtpi=jurtpi&jurtfp=jurtfp&alldocrec=alldocrec&docj=docj&docor=docor&docdecision=docdecision&docop=docop&docppoag=docppoag&docav=docav&docsom=docsom&docinf=docinf&alldocnorec=alldocnorec&docnoj=docnoj&docnoor=docnoor&radtypeord=on&typeord=ALL&docnodecision=docnodecision&allcommjo=allcommjo&affint=affint&affclose=affclose&numaff=C-402%2F05&ddatefs=&mdatefs=&ydatefs=&ddatefe=&mdatefe=&ydatefe=&nomusuel=&domaine=&mots=&resmax=100&Submit=Submithttp://curia.europa.eu/jurisp/cgi-bin/form.pl?lang=en&newform=newform&alljur=alljur&jurcdj=jurcdj&jurtpi=jurtpi&jurtfp=jurtfp&alldocrec=alldocrec&docj=docj&docor=docor&docdecision=docdecision&docop=docop&docppoag=docppoag&docav=docav&docsom=docsom&docinf=docinf&alldocnorec=alldocnorec&docnoj=docnoj&docnoor=docnoor&radtypeord=on&typeord=ALL&docnodecision=docnodecision&allcommjo=allcommjo&affint=affint&affclose=affclose&numaff=C-402%2F05&ddatefs=&mdatefs=&ydatefs=&ddatefe=&mdatefe=&ydatefe=&nomusuel=&domaine=&mots=&resmax=100&Submit=Submithttp://curia.europa.eu/jurisp/cgi-bin/form.pl?lang=en&newform=newform&alljur=alljur&jurcdj=jurcdj&jurtpi=jurtpi&jurtfp=jurtfp&alldocrec=alldocrec&docj=docj&docor=docor&docdecision=docdecision&docop=docop&docppoag=docppoag&docav=docav&docsom=docsom&docinf=docinf&alldocnorec=alldocnorec&docnoj=docnoj&docnoor=docnoor&radtypeord=on&typeord=ALL&docnodecision=docnodecision&allcommjo=allcommjo&affint=affint&affclose=affclose&numaff=C-402%2F05&ddatefs=&mdatefs=&ydatefs=&ddatefe=&mdatefe=&ydatefe=&nomusuel=&domaine=&mots=&resmax=100&Submit=Submithttp://curia.europa.eu/jurisp/cgi-bin/form.pl?lang=en&newform=newform&alljur=alljur&jurcdj=jurcdj&jurtpi=jurtpi&jurtfp=jurtfp&alldocrec=alldocrec&docj=docj&docor=docor&docdecision=docdecision&docop=docop&docppoag=docppoag&docav=docav&docsom=docsom&docinf=docinf&alldocnorec=alldocnorec&docnoj=docnoj&docnoor=docnoor&radtypeord=on&typeord=ALL&docnodecision=docnodecision&allcommjo=allcommjo&affint=affint&affclose=affclose&numaff=C-402%2F05&ddatefs=&mdatefs=&ydatefs=&ddatefe=&mdatefe=&ydatefe=&nomusuel=&domaine=&mots=&resmax=100&Submit=Submithttp://curia.europa.eu/jurisp/cgi-bin/form.pl?lang=en&newform=newform&alljur=alljur&jurcdj=jurcdj&jurtpi=jurtpi&jurtfp=jurtfp&alldocrec=alldocrec&docj=docj&docor=docor&docdecision=docdecision&docop=docop&docppoag=docppoag&docav=docav&docsom=docsom&docinf=docinf&alldocnorec=alldocnorec&docnoj=docnoj&docnoor=docnoor&radtypeord=on&typeord=ALL&docnodecision=docnodecision&allcommjo=allcommjo&affint=affint&affclose=affclose&numaff=C-402%2F05&ddatefs=&mdatefs=&ydatefs=&ddatefe=&mdatefe=&ydatefe=&nomusuel=&domaine=&mots=&resmax=100&Submit=Submithttp://curia.europa.eu/jurisp/cgi-bin/form.pl?lang=en&newform=newform&alljur=alljur&jurcdj=jurcdj&jurtpi=jurtpi&jurtfp=jurtfp&alldocrec=alldocrec&docj=docj&docor=docor&docdecision=docdecision&docop=docop&docppoag=docppoag&docav=docav&docsom=docsom&docinf=docinf&alldocnorec=alldocnorec&docnoj=docnoj&docnoor=docnoor&radtypeord=on&typeord=ALL&docnodecision=docnodecision&allcommjo=allcommjo&affint=affint&affclose=affclose&numaff=C-402%2F05&ddatefs=&mdatefs=&ydatefs=&ddatefe=&mdatefe=&ydatefe=&nomusuel=&domaine=&mots=&resmax=100&Submit=Submithttp://curia.europa.eu/jurisp/cgi-bin/form.pl?lang=en&newform=newform&alljur=alljur&jurcdj=jurcdj&jurtpi=jurtpi&j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The European Union Lists of Terrorist Organizations