The Ethnic Diversity Managemement in The Ethnic Diversity Managemement in the EU: a Paradigmatic Change?the EU: a Paradigmatic Change?

Ahmed HamilaDepartment of Political Science

Université de Montréal

State of the UE in Canada

European Union Centre of Excellence

University of Victoria, Victoria (BC)

July 16-18

““The enlarged EU is more than ever The enlarged EU is more than ever home for people of diverse cultures, home for people of diverse cultures, traditions and beliefs […] a shift is traditions and beliefs […] a shift is

needed from ‘needed from ‘multicultural’multicultural’ to to ‘‘interculturalintercultural’ societies if we are to ’ societies if we are to

make the most of the cultural make the most of the cultural diversity.”diversity.”

Commissioner Ján Figel, Member of the European Commission responsible for Education, Training, Culture and Youth (2008)

Is there a paradigmatic change in the way the EU manage the ethnic minorities?

Hypotheses:

1.There is NOT a paradigmatic change regarding the protection of individuals with ethnic belonging

1.There is a paradigmatic change regarding the protection of ethnic minority groups

PlanPlan

1. Two dimensions of ethnic diversity management (individuals/groups)

1. Different level of change (settings/instruments/paradigm)

Part 1: Two dimensions of ethnic Part 1: Two dimensions of ethnic diversity managementdiversity management

Protection of individuals with ethnic belonging

Protection of ethnic minority groups

Dimension 1: Protection of individuals with Dimension 1: Protection of individuals with ethnic belongingethnic belonging

1997: Treaty of Amsterdam (EU)2000: Directive 2000/43/CE and Directive 2000/78/

CE (Council of the EU)2001-2006: Action programme to combat

discrimination (Council of the EU)2004: Green Paper on equality and non-

discrimination in an enlarged EU (European Commission)

2008: Framework decision 2008/913/JHA (Council of the EU)

Dimension 2: Protection of ethnic minority Dimension 2: Protection of ethnic minority groupsgroups

February1995: Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (Council of Europe)

February 2006: Recommendations on Policing in Multi-Ethnic Societies (OSCE)

May 2008: White Paper on Intercultural Dialogue (Council of Europe)

2008: European year of Intercultural Dialogue (European Commission)

Part 2: A paradigmatic Change?Part 2: A paradigmatic Change?

Policy Paradigms, Social Learning, and the State (1993), Peter Hall

First-order change: settings

Second-order change: instruments

Third-order change: paradigm

Individuals GroupsFirst-order

change(settings) X X

Second-order chabge

(instruments) X X

Third-order change

(paradigm) X

Dimension 1: Protection of individuals Dimension 1: Protection of individuals with ethnic belongingwith ethnic belonging

First-order change:Precision of legislative tools

Second-order change:More binding legislative toolsNew actors invested

Third-order change:No third-order change

Dimension 2: Protection of ethnic Dimension 2: Protection of ethnic minority groupsminority groups

First-order change:Broader categories of protection (national minorities and ethnic minorities)

Second-order change:Legislative and non-legislatives toolsDomain change (from security to social cohesion)New actors invested

Third-order change:From multiculturalism to interculturalism

ConclusionConclusionIs there a paradigmatic change in the way the EU manage the ethnic minorities?

No, there is NOT a paradigmatic change regarding the protection of individuals with ethnic belonging (but there are first and second order changes)

Yes, there is a paradigmatic change regarding the protection of ethnic minority groups