Upload
marcelo-carvalho
View
6
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
equine eye
Citation preview
",-,*",/
Volume 27 No 1, April 2009 A Publication of the Center for Equine Health, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine
/iii
-/---1oDirectors Message .................. 2
Eye Problems in Horses ........... 4
Traumatic Injuries ................... 5
Corneal Disorders .................. 5
Uveitis/Moon Blindness ............ 6
Cancer .................................. 7
Cataracts ................................ 7
Case Study from the VMTH .. ... 8
Handling Eye Injuries ............... 9
Ophthalmology Service .. ...... 10
Tribute to Dr. Wheat .. ........... 10
Cataracts in Foals .. ............... 11
Dr. OBrien Honored .. .......... 11
Help for Unwanted Horses .. .. 12
#ONTINUEDONPAGE
!NANIMALWILLALWAYSLOOKFORAPERSONSINTENTIONSBYLOOKINGTHEMRIGHTINTHEEYES
2ABBITSRUNPOSSUMSPLAYDEADCHAMELEONSCHANGECOLORANDSKUNKSSPRAY/THERANIMALSHAVEHORNSORCLAWSTOlGHTOFFPREDATORS-OBBINGBEHAVIORISCOMMONINBIRDSANDISUSUALLYDONETOPROTECTTHEYOUNGINSOCIALCOLONIES7HILESURVIVALTECHNIQUESVARYAMONGANIMALSWHATMANYHAVEINCOMMONAREHIGHLYDEVELOPEDSENSESOFSIGHTSMELLORHEARINGTODETECTDANGERANDESCAPE
5NLIKEOTHERLARGEPREYSPECIESHORSESDONOTHAVEANTLERSHORNSORCLOVENHOOVESWITHWHICHTODEFENDTHEMSELVES)NSTEADTHEYHAVEANEXCEPTIONALABILITYTOSEEANDSPOTTHEMOVEMENTOFANYPOTENTIAL
PREDATOR(ORSESHAVESURVIVEDBYUSINGASTANDARDDEFENSEMECHANISMFORANIMALSINOPENGRASSLANDSANDPRAIRIESTHEYFREQUENTLYSCANANDMONITORTHEIRSURROUNDINGSTOAVOIDATTACKBYSPOTTINGAPREDATORBEFOREITREACHESACRITICALDISTANCE
7HILEMOSTHORSESTODAYAREDOMESTICATEDANDDONOTHAVEACONSTANTNEEDTOSAFEGUARDTHEIRSURVIVALTHEYAREEXPECTEDTOPERFORMINWAYSTHATREQUIREANUNNATURALDEMANDONTHEIRVISUALSYSTEM)TSEEMSONLYFAIRTHENTHATWEBECOMEPARTNERSINTHEEFFECTIVEUSEOFTHEIREYESANDLEARNHOWTHEIRVISUALSYSTEMCANAFFECTBEHAVIOR&OREXAMPLEHOWDOESTHELATERALPLACEMENTOFAHORSESEYESAFFECTITSVISION
6ISUALPERSPECTIVElELDOFVIEW4HELATERALPLACEMENTOFTHEEYESMORETOTHESIDEOFTHEHEADTHANTOTHEFRONTCOMBINEDWITHAHORIZONTALLYELONGATEDROUGHLYRECTANGULARPUPILPROVIDESTHEHORSEWITHTHEABILITYTOSEEAVERYBROADlELDOFLANDSCAPEMUCHLIKEACAMERASWIDEANGLELENS)NFACTHORSESARECAPABLEOFSEEINGALMOSTDEGREESAROUNDWITH
MONOCULARVISIONWHEREEACHEYEISUSEDSEPARATELY4HISEXTENSIVEVISUALlELDMAKESITDIFlCULTFORAPREDATORORAHUMANHANDLERTOSNEAKUPONAHORSE4HEWIDERANGEHOWEVERHASTWOhBLINDSPOTSvORAREASWHERETHEHORSECANNOTSEE4HElRSTISDIRECTLYINFRONTOFTHEFACEINACONESHAPEDAREATHATCOMESTOAPOINTABOUTFEETINFRONTOFTHEHORSE4HESECONDAREAISRIGHTBEHINDTHEHEADINANAREATHATEXTENDSOVERTHEHORSESBACKANDBEHINDTHE
6i] Li
1>iivii>
/ii,i
,/",--- i,i/}>ii
$R'REGORY,&ERRARO
&EWWOULDARGUETHEIMPORTANCEOFAPAIROFHEALTHYWELLFUNCTIONINGEYESTOTHEWELLBEINGANDPERFORMANCEOFTHEIRHORSE)NDEEDUNIMPAIREDSIGHTISASIMPORTANTTOTHEHORSEASITISTOANYOTHERANIMALINCLUDINGHUMAN9ETFEWPEOPLEHAVEAGOODUNDERSTANDINGOFHOWTHEHORSESEYEFUNCTIONSORHOWTHEIRVISIONDIFFERSFROMTHATOFOUROWN
)NFECTIONSOFORINJURIESTOTHEHORSESEYEALWAYSHAVETHEPOTENTIALTOPOSESERIOUSRISKTOTHEIRVISUALCAPACITY3EVEREINSULTSCANRESULTINPERMANENTDAMAGEVERYQUICKLYANDMINORINCIDENTSLEFTUNATTENDEDCANPROGRESSSWIFTLYINTOSERIOUSTHREATS9ETAGAINFEWHORSEOWNERSHAVETHEABILITYTORECOGNIZEANDPROPERLYRESPONDTOTHOSEMINORPROBLEMS
/FALLTHEILLNESSESANDINJURIESTHATCANBEFALLOURBELOVEDHORSESWEAREGENERALLYTHELEASTPREPAREDTODEALWITHTHOSERELATEDTOTHEEYE7HILEWECANRECOGNIZETHESIGNSOFCOLIC
WEARELIKELYTONOTNOTICETHEDEVELOPMENTOFACORNEALULCERINTHEEYEUNTILTHECONDITIONHASPROGRESSEDTOTHESTAGEOFSIGNIlCANTPAINANDCORNEALDAMAGE-ANYEXPERIENCEDHORSEOWNERSCANTREATANDCAREFORMINORCUTSANDABRASIONSTHEMSELVESANDHAVEAGOODIDEAOFWHENTHOSEACUTEINJURIESARESEVEREENOUGHTOREQUIRETHEATTENTIONOFAVETERINARIANBUTTOOMANYWILLHAVETROUBLEINASSESSINGBOTHTHESEVERITYOFANEYEINJURYANDWHENVETERINARYINTERVENTIONISREQUIRED
&ORTHATREASONTHISISSUEOF4HE(ORSE2EPORTPROVIDESSOMEINFORMATIONINTENDEDTOHELPYOUASSESSEQUINEOPHTHALMOLOGICPROBLEMS)TPROVIDESADESCRIPTIONOFTHEBASICANATOMYANDFUNCTIONOFTHEHORSESEYEASWELLASSOMECOMMONBUTPOTENTIALLYSERIOUSPROBLEMS7EHOPETHISWILLHELPYOUMOREQUICKLYRECOGNIZEANYABNORMALITIESTHATMAYAPPEARINTHEEYEOFYOURHORSEANDPROVIDEGUIDANCEASTOWHATTYPEOFCONDITIONYOUMAYBELOOKINGAT
9OUWILLNOTICETHATWEAREPROVIDINGVERYLITTLEINFORMATIONABOUTHOWTOTREATTHESECONDITIONS4HEREISAVERYGOODREASONFORTHAT"ASICALLYITISBECAUSEYOUARENOTQUALIlEDTOTREATTHEM!SALONGTIMEEQUINEPRACTITIONER)CANTELLYOUINALLHONESTYTHATIFYOURHORSESEYEHASAPROBLEMTHATYOUAREABLETORECOGNIZEWITHYOUROWNNAKEDANDUNTRAINEDEYESTHENYOUSHOULDCALLYOURVETERINARIANIMMEDIATELY)FYOUFOLLOWTHISONEBITOFADVICEYOUWILLHAVE
TAKENTHECORRECTCOURSEOFACTIONOFTHETIME
)FYOURHORSEHASAPAINFULANDWATERINGEYEDONTWAITACOUPLEOFDAYSTOSEEIFITGETSBETTERONITSOWNANDDElNITELYDONOTTREATITWITHTHECONTENTSOFSOMETUBEOFMEDICATIONLEFTOVERFROMTHETREATMENTOFANOTHERHORSElVEYEARSPREVIOUSLY
)FYOUSEESOMETHINGGROWINGONTHEGLOBEOFYOURHORSESEYEORSOMEFOREIGNOBJECTSTICKINGOUTOFTHEREGIONOFHISEYESOCKETDONTBEAHERO#ALLYOURVETERINARIAN2EMEMBERDISCRETIONISTHEBETTERPARTOFVALOR$ONTDOSOMETHINGYOUWILLREGRETLATER)NALLCONDITIONSRELATEDTOTHEEYEANDITSSURROUNDINGSTRUCTURESTHEBESTRESULTSAREALWAYSOBTAINEDTHROUGHEARLYINTERVENTIONBYTRAINEDANDEXPERIENCEDEQUINEVETERINARIANS3UNDAYMORNINGOPHTHALMOLOGISTSNEEDNOTAPPLY
4RUSTMEONTHISONEREADWHATWEHAVEWRITTENHEREBUTUSEITONLYASAMEANSTOKNOWWHENYOUAREINTROUBLENOTASALICENSETOPRACTICE7EWANTYOUTOBEINFORMEDANDEDUCATEDINALLFORMSOFEQUINEHEALTHCAREBUTPARTOFTHATLEARNINGEXPERIENCEISTORECOGNIZEYOURLIMITATIONS4HEREISNOMOREAPPROPRIATEARENAFORTHETEACHINGSOFh$IRTY(ARRYvTHANMEDICALOPHTHALMOLOGY
/ii,i6i] Li
1>iivii>
4HE%QUINE%YE#ONTINUEDFROMPAGE
#ONTINUEDONPAGE
TAIL4HUSASAHORSEJUMPSANOBSTACLETHEOBSTACLEBRIEmYDISAPPEARSFROMSIGHTJUSTBEFORETHEHORSETAKESOFF
$EPTHPERCEPTION4HETRADEOFFTOHAVINGMONOCULARVISIONISTHATAHORSESDEPTHPERCEPTIONISSOMEWHATMORELIMITEDTHANAHUMANS4HEPLACEMENTOFTHEHORSESEYESDECREASESTHEPOSSIBLERANGEOFBINOCULARVISIONUSINGBOTHEYESATTHESAMETIME(ORSESUSETHEIRBINOCULARVISIONBYLOOKINGSTRAIGHTATANOBJECTRAISINGTHEHEADWHENLOOKINGATADISTANTPREDATORORFOCUSINGONANOBSTACLETOJUMP4OUSEBINOCULARVISIONONACLOSEROBJECTNEARTHEGROUNDSUCHASASNAKEORTHREATTOITSFEETAHORSEWILLDROPITSNOSEANDLOOKDOWNWARDWITHTHENECKSOMEWHATARCHED4HUSAHORSEWILLRAISEORLOWERITSHEADTOINCREASEITSRANGEOFBINOCULARVISION2IDERSOFJUMPERSALLOWTHEIRHORSETORAISEITSHEADAFEWSTRIDESBEFOREAJUMPSOITCANASSESSTHEJUMPANDTHEPROPERTAKEOFFSPOT
3ENSITIVITYTOLIGHT(ORSESLIKEHUMANSMUSTADAPTTODIFFERENTLIGHTINTENSITIESVARYINGFROMTHEDIMMESTSTARTOBRIGHTSUNLIGHTONSNOW/NEMECHANISMFORADJUSTINGTOTHISWIDERANGEISTOSWITCHBACKANDFORTHBETWEENTWODIFFERENTTYPESOFPHOTORECEPTORSTHERODSANDCONESLOCATEDINTHERETINAOFTHEEYEEACHOFWHICHHASBEENOPTIMIZEDTOPERFORMBESTATDIFFERENTENDSOFTHEINTENSITYSPECTRUM2ODRECEPTORSARETHEPRIMARYRECEPTORSUSEDWHENTHELIGHTLEVELSRANGEFROMVIRTUALLYCOMPLETEDARKNESSTOTHOSE
FOUNDATDAWNANDTWILIGHT(ORSESAREWELLENDOWEDWITHAHIGHPROPORTIONOFRODTOCONEPHOTORECEPTORSABOUTMILLIONRODSTOMILLIONCONESWHICHMAKESTHEMSENSITIVETOLIGHTANDGIVESTHEMEXTREMELYGOODNIGHTVISION-OREOVERALAYEROFTISSUEINTHEEYEOFMANYANIMALSCALLEDTHETAPETUMLUCIDUMSEE!NATOMYOFTHE%YE
BELOWISTHOUGHTTOFUNCTIONTOREmECTLIGHTBACKINTOTHERETINATHEREBYENHANCINGVISIONINLOWLIGHTCONDITIONSSUCHASATNIGHT
)NADDITIONTOTHESEPHOTORECEPTORSANDOTHERMECHANISMSFORADJUSTINGTOLIGHTTHEHORSEHASONEOFTHELARGESTEYESAMONGLANDMAMMALSWHICHALLOWSMORELIGHTTOENTERTHEEYE!DMISSIONOFLIGHTTOTHEEYEISFURTHERIMPROVEDBYTHEHORIZONTALELONGATIONOFTHECORNEAANDPUPILANDBYTHEPUPILSABILITYTODILATETOANAREASIXTIMESLARGERTHANTHATOFAHUMANPUPIL
0RACTICALLYSPEAKINGHORSESTENDTOHAVEBETTERVISIONONSLIGHTLYCLOUDYDAYSTHANONBRIGHTSUNNYDAYS/NTHEOTHERHANDTHEYARELESSABLETOADJUSTTOSUDDENCHANGESOFLIGHTSUCHASWHENMOVINGFROMABRIGHTDAYINTOADARKBARN4HISSHOULDBETAKENINTOCONSIDERATIONDURINGTRAININGBECAUSECERTAINTASKSSUCHASLOADINGINTOATRAILERMAYFRIGHTENAHORSESIMPLYBECAUSEHECANNOTSEE)TISALSOIMPORTANTINRIDINGBECAUSEQUICKLYMOVINGFROMLIGHTTODARKORVICEVERSAWILLTEMPORARILYBLINDTHEHORSEANDMAKEITDIFlCULTFORHIMTOJUDGEWHATISINFRONTOFHIM
3ENSITIVITYTOMOTION(ORSESAREVERYSENSITIVETOMOTIONBECAUSEMOTIONISUSUALLYTHElRSTALERTTHATAPREDATORISAPPROACHING4HEHORSESRETINATHELIGHTSENSITIVETISSUEATTHEBACKOFTHEEYEISRICHLYENDOWEDWITHMOTIONDETECTINGCELLSKNOWNASRODSEVIDENCETHATTHEHORSESEYESAREOPTIMALLYCONSTRUCTEDANDPOSITIONEDFORITSSURVIVAL
!NATOMYOFTHE%YE
4HEEQUINEEYEISSIMILARTOTHEEYEOFMOSTMAMMALIANSPECIES%SSENTIALLYAPIECEOFBRAINTISSUETHERETINAHASBEENBROUGHThOUTSIDEvTHEBRAINANDPLACEDINSIDEATOUGHPROTECTIVESTRUCTUREKNOWNASTHEGLOBETHEEYEBALL4HEGLOBEISCONSTRUCTEDINSUCHAWAYTHATANOPTICALLYCLEARANDFOCUSABLEPATHWAYISPROVIDEDWHEREBYLIGHTRAYSFROMTHEOUTSIDEWORLDPASSINTOTHEGLOBEANDREACHTHELIGHTSENSITIVERETINA)NTURNTHERETINATRANSMITSITSPERCEIVED
6i] Li
1>iivii>
{/ii,i
INFORMATIONVIATHEOPTICNERVETOTHElNALPROCESSINGUNITTHEBRAINWHEREVISUALPERCEPTIONSARECONVERTEDINTOIMAGES
4HEEYEBALLISPROTECTEDBYEYELIDSCOMPRISEDOFTWOFOLDSOFSKINANDMUSCLEJUSTLIKETHEHUMANEYE4HESKINHASMANYBLOODVESSELSSOTHATABRASIONSANDLACERATIONSTHATAREPROPERLYTREATEDHEALWELLANDARERESISTANTTOINFECTION4HEEYELIDMUSCLESAREQUITESTRONGANDCANBEOPENEDORCLOSEDATWILL(ENCEEXAMINATIONOFTHEEQUINEEYEOFTENREQUIRESSEDATIONANDNERVEBLOCKS,IKEMOSTOTHERMAMMALIANSPECIESTHEHORSEHASATHIRDEYELIDWHICHISA4SHAPEDCARTILAGECOVEREDWITHATRANSPARENTMUCOUSMEMBRANEKNOWNASTHECONJUNCTIVA
!SSHOWNINTHEABOVEILLUSTRATIONTHECORNEAISPARTOFTHElBROUSOUTERLAYEROFTHEEYEWHICHSERVESTOPROTECTTHEINTRAOCULARCONTENTS4HECORNEAISTRANSPARENTANDISINVOLVEDINTRANSMITTINGANDREFRACTINGBENDINGLIGHTINTOTHEEYE!LTHOUGHITISMADEUPOFLIVINGCELLSTHECORNEAHASFEWORNOBLOODVESSELS4HESURFACECORNEARECEIVESITSNUTRITIONFROMTEARSWHILETHEBACKPORTIONISNOURISHEDBYACLEARmUIDCALLEDTHEAQUEOUSHUMORWHICHISNORMALLYPRESENTINTHEFRONTCHAMBEROFTHEEYE
4HESCLERALIKETHECORNEAISMADEUPPRIMARILYOFCOLLAGENlBERS)TISPARTOFTHEOUTERlBROUSLAYEROFTHEEYEANDFUNCTIONSTOPROTECTTHEINTERIOROFTHEEYE4HEIRISANDCILIARYBODYPARTOFTHEMIDDLEVASCULARLAYEROFTHEEYEPERFORMANUMBEROFFUNCTIONS4HEIRISCONTAINSMUSCLESTHATCONTROLTHESIZEOFTHEPUPILWHICHINTURNCONTROLSTHE
4HE%QUINE%YE#ONTINUEDFROMPAGE
AMOUNTOFLIGHTTHATENTERSTHEEYE4HECILIARYBODYPRODUCESTHECLEARAQUEOUSHUMORTHATNOURISHESTHEFRONTCHAMBEROFTHEEYE)TALSOCONTAINSTHEMUSCLESTHATALLOWFORFOCUSONBOTHDISTANTANDCLOSEOBJECTS4HISFUNCTIONINHORSESISRELATIVELYPOORLYDEVELOPED
4HELENSSITSDIRECTLYBEHINDTHEIRISANDFUNCTIONSTOREFRACTLIGHTINORDERTOPRODUCEAFOCUSEDIMAGEONTHERETINA,IKETHECORNEAITHASNOBLOODSUPPLYBUTISNOURISHEDBYTHEAQUEOUSHUMOR4HECHOROIDISPARTOFTHEMIDDLEVASCULARLAYEROFTHEEYEANDHELPSPROVIDENUTRITIONTOTHERETINA)NTHEINNERMOSTPORTIONOFTHECHOROIDISTHETAPETUMLUCIDUMALAYEROFTISSUETHATISTHOUGHTTOFUNCTIONTOENHANCELOWLIGHTVISIONBYREmECTINGLIGHTBACKINTOTHERETINA
4HERETINAISMADEUPOFNERVOUSTISSUEANDFUNCTIONSTOTRANSFORMLIGHTINTOANEUROLOGICIMPULSE!XONSTHATORIGINATEFROMTHERETINAAXONSAREALONGlBEROFANERVECELLANEURONTHATACTSOMEWHATLIKElBEROPTICCABLESCARRYINGANOUTGOINGMESSAGECOMETOGETHERATTHEOPTICDISKWHERETHEYLEAVETHEEYEASTHEOPTICNERVE4HEOPTICNERVETAKESTHENEUROLOGICMESSAGEFROMTHERETINATOTHEBRAIN
%YE0ROBLEMSIN(ORSES
(ORSESRESPONDTOEYEDISCOMFORTMUCHTHESAMEASPEOPLE4HEEYELIDSMAYBECOMESWOLLENTHEEYESMAYBECOMEREDDENEDANDTHEREMAYBEEXCESSIVETEARING4HEHORSEMAYALSOSQUINTORBLINKCONSTANTLY%XCESSIVERUBBINGOFTHEEYEONAPOSTORFORELEGMAYALSOINDICATEANUNDERLYINGPROBLEM)FANYOFTHESESIGNSOCCURAVETERINARIANSHOULDBECONSULTEDFORDIAGNOSISANDTREATMENT
/NEFEATUREOFEYEDISEASEISTHATRELATIVELYMINORPROBLEMSINITIALLYPRESENTWITHTHESAMESIGNSASMORESEVEREPROBLEMS4HEREFOREALLCASESOFSUSPECTEDEYEPROBLEMSSHOULDRECEIVETHEATTENTIONOFAVETERINARIAN!SWITHVIRTUALLYALLOTHERDISEASEPROCESSESTHECHANCESOFSUCCESSFULTREATMENTOFTHESEPROBLEMSRELYHEAVILYONEARLYDETECTION4HISPRINCIPLEISEVENMORECRITICALWITHEYEDISEASE
4HElVEMOSTCOMMONEYEPROBLEMSINHORSESSEENAT5#$AVISARE
/ii,ix6i] Li
1>iivii>
s4RAUMATICINJURIESs#ORNEALDISORDERSs)NmAMMATIONINSIDETHEEYEUVEITISs#ANCERONORAROUNDTHEEYEs#ATARACTS
4RAUMATIC)NJURIES
(ORSESCANSUSTAINAWIDERANGEOFTRAUMATICINJURIESTOTHEIREYESANDRELATEDSTRUCTURES4HESECANVARYINSEVERITYFROMSIMPLEABRASIONSOFTHEEYELIDSTHATMAYBETREATEDINAhlRSTAIDvMANNERTOFULLTHICKNESSLACERATIONSOFTHEEYELIDSORCORNEA4HISLATTERCATEGORYUSUALLYPRESENTSWITHSUDDENSQUINTINGANDDISCHARGEINTHEFORMOFEXCESSTEARINGMUCOUSORBLOOD!LLOFTHESESHOULDBECONSIDEREDANEMERGENCYANDREQUIRETHEIMMEDIATEATTENTIONOFAVETERINARIAN4HELONGTERMPROGNOSISDEPENDSONTHESTRUCTURESINJURED
%YELIDLACERATIONSAREFREQUENTLYOBVIOUSBECAUSETHEAFFECTEDLIDISOFTENHANGINGLOOSEANDTHEREISAMODERATEAMOUNTOFBLOODONTHEFACEAROUNDTHEEYELID0ROMPTANDMETICULOUSREPAIRBYAVETERINARIANISESSENTIALINRESTORINGEYELIDFUNCTIONINCLUDINGTEARlLMDISTRIBUTIONANDPROTECTINGTHEUNDERLYINGCORNEAFROMEXPOSURE)TISRECOMMENDEDTHATHORSESRECEIVETETANUSPROPHYLAXISANDTOPICALANDSYSTEMICANTIBIOTICSTOPREVENTINFECTION
#ORNEALLACERATIONSAREOFTENLESSAPPARENTBECAUSETHEONLYCLINICALSIGNMAYBEINTENSESQUINTING(ORSESWITHCORNEALLACERATIONSWILLUSUALLYVIGOROUSLYRESISTANYATTEMPTTODETERMINETHECAUSEOFTHEPAIN!VETERINARIANSHOULDASSESSTHE
EXTENTOFTHEDAMAGEBYUSEOFSEDATIONANDNERVEBLOCKSOFTHEEYELIDMUSCLES&REQUENTLYSUCHINJURIESCANBEREPAIREDBYAVETERINARIANALTHOUGHHESHEMAYADVISEREFERRALTOAVETERINARYOPHTHALMOLOGIST
&OREIGNOBJECTSSUCHASPLANTMATERIALDUSTSANDORASHMAYBECOMELODGEDUNDERAHORSESEYELIDS)FTHEHORSEWILLALLOWITmUSHINGTHEDEBRISWITHWATERORSALINESOLUTIONMAYBEHELPFULBUTAVETERINARIANSHOULDSTILLEXAMINETHEEYEFORANYFURTHERDAMAGESINCETHEDEBRISCANSCRATCHTHECORNEAANDCAUSEACORNEALULCER
)FAFOREIGNOBJECTSUCHASAPIECEOFWOODHASPIERCEDANEYELIDANDBECOMEEMBEDDEDYOUCANREMOVEITBUTFOLLOWUPWITHAFULLEYEEXAMINATIONWITHAVETERINARIANTODETERMINEWHETHERFURTHERDAMAGEHASOCCURREDFROMSPLINTERS)FTHEEYEBALLITSELFHASAFOREIGNOBJECTEMBEDDEDINIT$/./42%-/6%)43EEKIMMEDIATEVETERINARYATTENTIONASMICROSURGERYMAYBEREQUIREDTOREMOVETHEOBJECTANDSAVETHEEYE/PHTHALMOLOGISTSAT5#$AVISHAVESUCCESSFULLYREMOVEDFOREIGNOBJECTSFROMEYESUSINGVERYlNEMICROSURGICALINSTRUMENTS0REVENTINGINFECTION
ISANOTHERKEYELEMENTFORSAVINGANINJUREDEYEANDRESEARCHERSAT5#$AVISHAVEDEVELOPEDEFFECTIVEWAYSTOADMINISTEREYEMEDICATIONSANDANTIBIOTICSEVERYFEWHOURSUSINGINDWELLINGMEDICINALDELIVERYSYSTEMS
#ORNEAL$ISORDERS
"YFARTHEMOSTCOMMONCORNEALPROBLEMINHORSESISCORNEALULCERATION4HISISACONDITIONWHERETHEMOSTSUPERlCIALCELLSOFTHECORNEAAREABRADEDAWAY,IKEMOSTEYEPROBLEMSTHISWILLINITIALLYMANIFESTASASUDDENLYPAINFULEYEWITHEXCESSIVETEARING#ORNEALULCERSREQUIREIMMEDIATECAREBYAVETERINARIANASTHEYHAVETHEPOTENTIALTOWORSEN"ECAUSETHECORNEADOESNOTHAVEBLOODVESSELSRUNNINGTHROUGHITTOHELPCLEARANINFECTIONTHEEYEISMORESUSCEPTIBLETOINFECTIONFROMBACTERIAANDFUNGUS4HESESECONDARYINFECTIONSCANCAUSESERIOUSPROBLEMSANDCOMPLICATEHEALINGWHICHMAYRESULTINAhMELTINGvULCER3IGNSASSOCIATEDWITHANINFECTEDCORNEALULCERINCLUDEACREAMYCOLOROR
4HISPHOTOSHOWSASEVERELACERATIONOFTHEUPPEREYELID%YELIDLACERATIONSUSUALLYHEALWELLIFTHEYAREREPAIREDSOONAFTERINJURY
3UPERlCIALCORNEALULCER)FCAUGHTEARLYANDTREATEDCORRECTLYTHESEWILLUSUALLYHEALQUICKLY
#ONTINUEDONPAGE
6i] Li
1>iivii>
/ii,i
MELTINGAPPEARANCETOTHESURFACEOFTHEEYE-ELTINGULCERSAREASERIOUSTHREATTOEYESURVIVALANDREQUIREINTENSIVETREATMENTBYAVETERINARIAN
!MINORWOUNDTOTHECORNEAMAYOCCURANDAPPEARTOHAVEHEALEDBUTIFANINFECTIONISINTRODUCEDINTOTHEDEEPERLAYERSOFTHECORNEAACORNEALABSCESSMAYDEVELOP!GAINTHISISASERIOUSCONDITIONTHATREQUIRESIMMEDIATETREATMENTBYAVETERINARIAN
,ESSFREQUENTLYHORSESCANDEVELOPCORNEALINmAMMATIONWHICHTENDSTOBEINTERMITTENTANDOFVARIABLESEVERITY4HERE
AREMANYTHEORIESABOUTTHEPOSSIBLECAUSESOFTHISTYPEOFINmAMMATIONINCLUDINGAUTOIMMUNECONDITIONSANDHERPESVIRUSINFECTION5#$AVISRESEARCHERSARECURRENTLYSTUDYINGHERPESVIRUSASAPOTENTIALCAUSEOFTHISTYPEOFUNEXPLAINEDCORNEALINmAMMATION
)NmAMMATION)NSIDETHE%YE5VEITIS
4HEMOSTCOMMONCAUSEOFBLINDNESSINHORSESISADISEASEKNOWNTOVETERINARIANSASEQUINERECURRENTUVEITIS%25/THERCOMMONNAMESFORTHISCONDITIONINCLUDEMOONBLINDNESSANDPERIODICOPHTHALMIA
!STHENAMESUGGESTS%25ISCHARACTERIZEDBYRECURRENTEPISODESOFINTRAOCULARINmAMMATION3IGNSOFANACUTE%25ATTACKINCLUDESQUINTINGREDNESSCLOUDINESSANDTEARING4HESEVERITYOFTHESIGNSANDTHEFREQUENCYOFTHEATTACKSVARYAMONGINDIVIDUALHORSES"LINDNESSRESULTSFROMCATARACTSGLAUCOMAANDRETINALDEGENERATION)TISNOTONEATTACK
THATRESULTSINBLINDNESSBUTTHECUMULATIVEEFFECTSOFMANYATTACKS
4HECAUSESASSOCIATEDWITH%25ARENOTCOMPLETELYUNDERSTOOD4HEDISEASEITSELFISANAUTOIMMUNECONDITIONBUTVARIOUSOTHERFACTORSMAYBEINVOLVEDSUCHASLEPTOSPIROSISANINFECTIOUSDISEASECAUSEDBYAPARTICULARTYPEOFBACTERIACALLEDASPIROCHETETRANSMITTEDBYRATSASWELLASBYSKUNKSOPOSSUMSRACCOONSFOXESANDOTHERVERMIN
4HETHERAPEUTICAPPROACHTOMANAGING%25ISTOAGGRESSIVELYTREATACUTEATTACKSANDALSOMINIMIZETHEFREQUENCYANDSEVERITYOFRECURRENCES!SMENTIONEDABOVEANYHORSEWITHASUDDENLYPAINFULTEARYEYESHOULDRECEIVEIMMEDIATEATTENTIONFROMAVETERINARIANWHOCANTHENMAKEADElNITIVEDIAGNOSISANDINITIATEAPPROPRIATETREATMENT.EWMETHODSUSEDBYVETERINARYOPHTHALMOLOGISTTOTREAT%25INVOLVETHEIMPLANTATIONOFMEDICATEDhWAFERSvORINJECTIONSOFMEDICATIONINTOTHEBACKOFTHEEYE4HESEANTIINmAMMATORYDRUGSARETHENABSORBEDSLOWLYOVERTHECOURSEOFYEARS
4HE%QUINE%YE#ONTINUEDFROMPAGE
)NFECTEDCORNEALULCER.OTEACCUMULATIONOFWHITEBLOODCELLSWITHINTHECORNEA
-ELTINGCORNEALULCER.OTEDEGRADEDAREA4HISULCERCOULDPERFORATEATANYTIMEANDISATRUEEMERGENCY
!CTIVEEPISODEOFEQUINERECURRENTUVEITIS.OTETHEREDNESSTOTHECONJUNCTIVAEXCESSTEARINGANDHAZYAPPEARANCE
%NDSTAGEEQUINERECURRENTUVEITIS.OTEEXTENSIVECORNEALSCARRING
/ii,i6i] Li
1>iivii>
#ANCER
"YFARTHEMOSTCOMMONOCULARPERIOCULARCANCERSEENINHORSESISSQUAMOUSCELLCARCINOMA4HESETUMORSTYPICALLYOCCURINONEOFTHREELOCATIONSONTHESURFACEOFTHEEYEONTHETHIRDEYELIDORWITHINTHEEYELID4HESEMASSESAREOFTENREADILYVISIBLEANDHAVEAhWARTLIKEvAPPEARANCE
4REATMENTOFSQUAMOUSCELLCARCINOMAONTHESURFACEOFTHEEYEUSUALLYINVOLVESREFERRALTOANOPHTHALMOLOGIST)NADDITIONTOREMOVINGTHEMASSSOMETYPEOFFREEZINGCRYOTHERAPYORRADIATIONTREATMENTISUSUALLYPERFORMED)FTHECARCINOMAISONTHETHIRDEYELIDITISUSUALLYTREATEDBYSURGICALREMOVALOFTHEENTIRETHIRDEYELID-ANYGENERALPRACTITIONERSPERFORMTHISPROCEDURE
3QUAMOUSCELLCARCINOMAWITHINTHEEYELIDITSELFISOFTENTHEMOSTCHALLENGINGLOCATIONBECAUSETHETUMORSAREOFTENNOTNOTICEDINTHISLOCATIONUNTILTHEYARELARGE4REATMENTCONSISTSOFSURGICALREMOVALANDSOMETYPEOFADDEDTREATMENTSUCHASCHEMOTHERAPY
/THERTYPESOFCANCERSUCHASSARCOIDSANDMELANOMASWHICHARECOMMONTHROUGHOUTTHEBODYCANALSOAFFECTTHEEYESANDINTERFEREWITHEYEFUNCTION)NMOSTINSTANCESATUMORMAYBEGINASASMALLAREAOFROUGHENEDEYELIDORASMALLBUMP)FDIAGNOSEDEARLYANUMBEROFTREATMENTMETHODSMAYBEUSED
.OTETHATWHENEYELIDTUMORSAREFOUNDITISIMPORTANTTOEXAMINETHERESTOFTHEBODYFORTHEPRESENCEOFSIMILARTUMORS
#ATARACTS
4HELENSISASOMEWHATmATTENEDTRANSPARENTmEXIBLEDISCCONSISTINGOFLAYERSOFLENSlBERS4HELENSSITSBEHINDTHEIRISANDHELPSFOCUSTHEIMAGESONTOTHERETINA!DISEASEDLENSUSUALLYRESPONDSBYBECOMINGOPAQUETHEOPACITYORCATARACTMAYBELOCALIZEDORDIFFUSE#ATARACTSAREOFTENPROGRESSIVEIN
NATUREANDRESULTINSERIOUSVISUALLOSSOVERTIME4HEAFFECTEDLENSCANBEREMOVED
#ATARACTSCANFORMSECONDARYTOEQUINERECURRENTUVEITIS%25ASDESCRIBEDABOVE4HEYCANBETREATEDWITHSURGERYBUTBECAUSETHECATARACTHASFORMEDASARESULTOFMONTHSORYEARSOFINTRAOCULARINmAMMATIONTHESUCCESSRATESAREUSUALLYNOTHIGH
(ORSESCANBEBORNWITHCATARACTSDUETODEVELOPMENTALORHERITABLECAUSES#ONGENITALCATARACTSINNEWBORNFOALSAREESPECIALLYAMENABLETOSURGICALREMOVAL6ETERINARYATTENTIONSHOULDBESOUGHTASSOONASPOSSIBLE3IGNSINCLUDEAMILKYAPPEARINGPUPILOREVIDENCEOFIMPAIREDVISIONTHEFOALSTAYSVERYCLOSETOTHEMARESTUMBLESORISRELUCTANTTOMOVE/NCETHELENSISREMOVEDTHEHORSEWILLBEFARSIGHTEDNOTABLETOSEETHINGSUPCLOSEBUTMANYGOONTOLIVEPRODUCTIVELIVES
3QUAMOUSCELLCARCINOMAONTHEEYE.OTETHEPINKGROWTHONTHELEFTSIDEOFTHEPHOTO
4HEEYEISANINTRICATEANDDELICATEORGAN)NALLCONDITIONSRELATEDTOTHEEYEANDITSSURROUNDINGSTRUCTURESTHEBESTRESULTSAREALWAYSOBTAINEDTHROUGHACOOPERATIVEEFFORTOFOBSERVANTHORSEOWNERANDEXPERIENCEDEQUINEVETERINARIAN
6i] Li
1>iivii>
n/ii,i
>,iV}v>*Li->i/ii>i
/BSERVANTOWNERSANDQUICKACTINGREFERRINGVETERINARIANSAREVITALELEMENTSTOPROVIDINGASUCCESSFULOUTCOMETOAHORSEWITHASERIOUSPROBLEMAFFECTINGTHEEYE4HISPRINCIPLEWASONCEAGAINDEMONSTRATEDONEMORNINGLASTSUMMERWHENTHEOWNEROF4EEKLAAYEAROLD&RIESIANGELDINGREMOVEDTHEHORSESmYMASKANDNOTICEDHEWASSQUINTINGANDTEARINGOUTOFHISLEFTEYE3HEIMMEDIATELYCALLED4EEKLASVETERINARIANWHOREALIZEDTHESERIOUSNESSOF4EEKLASEYEPROBLEMANDREFERREDHIMATONCETOTHE5#$AVIS6ETERINARY-EDICAL4EACHING(OSPITAL
!T5#$AVIS4EEKLAWASEXAMINEDBYOPHTHALMOLOGIST$R3TEVEN(OLLINGSWORTHWHODETERMINEDTHATTHEHORSEHADANINFECTEDCORNEALULCERCHARACTERIZEDBYAhMELTINGvCOMPONENT4HIShMELTINGvAPPEARANCEISAPARTICULARLYWORRISOME
CLINICALSIGNBECAUSEITMEANSTHATTHECORNEACOULDRUPTUREATANYTIMEALLOWINGTHEINFECTIOUSORGANISMSTOINVADETHEINSIDEOFTHEEYE7HILEITISPOSSIBLETOSAVEANEYETHATHASRUPTUREDTHEPROGNOSISISSIGNIlCANTLYMOREGRAVE
4EEKLAWASSCHEDULEDFOREMERGENCYSURGERYANDWITHINORHOURSOFHISOWNERSlRSTNOTICINGAPROBLEMWASONTHEOPERATINGTABLE4HESPECIlCSURGICALPROCEDUREPERFORMEDON4EEKLASMELTINGCORNEALULCERWASAPEDICLECONJUNCTIVALGRAFT4HISTECHNIQUEINVOLVESDISSECTINGAlNGERSHAPEDSTRIPOFTHETHINMEMBRANETHATCOVERSTHECONJUNCTIVATHEWHITEPARTOFTHEEYE4HEDEGRADEDAREAOFCORNEAISTHENTRIMMEDOFFANDTHEGRAFTISSUTUREDDIRECTLYONTOTHECORNEALDEFECT4HISPROCEDUREPROVIDESIMMEDIATESTRUCTURALSUPPORTTOTHEWEAKAREAOFTHECORNEAASWELLASABLOODSUPPLYTOHELPlGHTTHEINFECTION
"EFORE4EEKLAAWOKEFROMHISANESTHESIAASMALLTUBEWASPLACEDUNDERHISLOWEREYELID4HISISCALLEDASUBPALPEBRALLAVAGEANDALLOWSFORTOPICALMEDICATIONSTOBEAPPLIEDWITHOUTHAVINGTOCONSTANTLYPRYTHEEYELIDSOPEN3AMPLESTAKENFROM4EEKLASLEFTEYEJUSTBEFORESURGERYREVEALEDTHATTHEULCERWASINFECTEDWITHAFUNGUSCALLED!SPERGILLUS4EEKLAREMAINEDINTHEHOSPITALFORDAYSAFTERSURGERYTOENSURETHATEVERYTHINGWASHEALINGWELL(ETHENRETURNEDATWEEKSATMONTHANDATMONTHSAFTERTHESURGERYTOCHECKFORPROGRESS$URINGTHISTIMETHEMEDICATIONSHEWASRECEIVINGTOlGHTTHEINFECTIONWERESLOWLYTAPEREDDOWN
!THISLASTRECHECKTHECONNECTINGPORTIONOFTHEGRAFTWASTRIMMEDAWAYLEAVINGONLYASMALLSCARWHERETHEORIGINALULCERHADBEEN4EEKLARECOVEREDCOMPLETELYWITHNOLOSSTOHISEYEORVISIONBECAUSEOFTHECOORDINATEDEFFORTSOFHISOWNERVETERINARIANANDOPHTHALMOLOGIST
4EEKLASCONJUNCTIVALPEDICLEGRAFTIMMEDIATELYAFTERSURGERY
-ELTINGULCERON4EEKLASLEFTEYEIMMEDIATELYBEFORESURGERY
4EEKLASCONJUNCTIVALPEDICLEGRAFTONEMONTHAFTERSURGERY.OTEHOWTHEGRAFTHASSHRUNKENTOALLOWFORARELATIVELYLARGEAREAOFCLEARCORNEA
>i-`vi1>6ii>i`V>/i>V}>
/ii,i6i] Li
1>iivii>
*ii}>`>`}ii
%YEINJURIESANDINFECTIONSARENOTUNCOMMONINHORSESBUTMINORPROBLEMSLEFTUNTREATEDCANQUICKLYBECOMESERIOUSANDRESULTINBLINDNESSIFUNATTENDED(EREARESOMERECOMMENDATIONSFORPREVENTINGPROBLEMSANDSOMEGUIDELINESTOFOLLOWIFYOURHORSESHOULDSUSTAINANEYEINJURY
s/NEWAYTOPREVENTPROBLEMSISTOENSURETHATYOURHORSESENVIRONMENTISSAFE-AKESURETHATSHARPEDGESONWATERTROUGHSMETALBUILDINGSPIPESHOOKSOROTHEROBJECTSARECOVEREDPADDEDORAREINACCESSIBLE0OUNDINORPULLANYOLDNAILSTHATMAYBEPROTRUDINGFROMFENCESANDOTHERSTRUCTURES
s+EEPTHEHORSESENVIRONMENTASDUSTFREEASPOSSIBLE
s)FYOURHORSESUSTAINSANEYEINJURYORDEVELOPSANEYEINFECTIONCONTACTYOURVETERINARIANIMMEDIATELY2EADTHESECTIONON4RAUMATIC)NJURIESONPAGEOFTHIS(ORSE2EPORT
s)FTHEINJURYISALACERATIONTOTHEEYELIDCLEANTHEAREAVERYGENTLYWITHASALINESOLUTIONWHILEWAITINGFORTHEVETERINARIAN)FYOUDONTHAVEONEONHANDLIKETHESALINESOLUTIONFORCONTACTLENSESYOUCANMAKESOME4HERATIOISABOUTTEASPOONOFTABLESALTTOCUPOFLUKEWARMWATER)TSHOULDTASTELIKETEARS
s)FTHEINJURYCONSISTSOFAFOREIGNOBJECTSUCHASAPIECEOFWOODTHATHASPIERCEDTHEEYELIDANDBECOMEEMBEDDEDYOUCANREMOVEITBUTFOLLOWUPWITHAFULLEYEEXAMINATIONWITHAVETERINARIANTODETERMINETHEEXTENTOFDAMAGE#LEANTHEAREAVERYGENTLYWITHASALINESOLUTIONWHILEWAITINGFORTHEVETERINARIANs)FTHEEYEBALLITSELFHASAFOREIGNOBJECTEMBEDDEDINIT$/./42%-/6%)43EEKIMMEDIATEVETERINARYATTENTIONASMICROSURGERYMAYBEREQUIREDTOREMOVETHEOBJECTANDSAVETHEEYE
s0UTAmYMASKONTHEHORSETOKEEPmIESOFFTHEEYEAREA
s)FPOSSIBLEKEEPYOURHORSEINSUBDUEDLIGHTSUCHASHISSTALLUNTILTHEVETERINARIANARRIVES
s7ITHALLMEDICATIONSPRESCRIBEDBYYOURVETERINARIANMAKESURETHATYOUFOLLOWTHEINSTRUCTIONSTOTHELETTERINCLUDINGMEDICATINGYOURHORSETHROUGHTHEFULLCOURSEOFTREATMENT$ONOTSTOPMEDICATIONBECAUSEYOUSEEMARKEDIMPROVEMENT4HISCANRESULTINANINFECTIONmARINGUPAGAIN$ISCARDALLMEDICATIONSATTHEENDOFTHETREATMENTCOURSE
s7HENWORKINGWITHAHORSEWITHANEYEPROBLEMBEAWARETHATHEMAYHAVEOBSCUREDVISIONANDBEALITTLEMORESPOOKYTHANUSUAL4ALKGENTLYSOYOUDONTSURPRISEHIMIFYOUWALKUPONAhBLINDSIDEv
6i] Li
1>iivii>
/ii,i
4HE5#$AVIS6ETERINARY-EDICAL4EACHING(OSPITALHASACOMPLETE/PHTHALMOLOGY3ERVICEFORALLSPECIESLARGEANDSMALLWITHANEMPHASISONHORSES4HESERVICECOMPRISESONEOFTHELARGESTVETERINARYOPHTHALMOLOGYCENTERSINTHE5NITED3TATES)TISCOMPLETELYEQUIPPEDWITHSOPHISTICATEDEQUIPMENTFORTHEDIAGNOSISANDTREATMENTOFALLEYEDISEASESINHORSESINCLUDINGANOPERATINGMICROSCOPEFORMICROSURGERYANDAPHACOEMULSIlCATIONUNITFORCATARACTSURGERYASYSTEMTHATUSESULTRASOUNDTOBREAKUPmUSHANDREMOVETHEAFFECTEDLENSMATERIAL4HESERVICEALSOUSESCRYOTHERAPYANDBETAIRRADIATIONFOREYETUMORS
$R3TEVEN(OLLINGSWORTHIS#HIEFOFTHE/PHTHALMOLOGY3ERVICEAT5#$AVISAND!SSISTANT0ROFESSOROF6ETERINARY/PHTHALMOLOGYINTHE5#$AVIS3CHOOLOF6ETERINARY-EDICINE(EOBTAINEDA$6-FROM0URDUE5NIVERSITYANDWASAVETERINARYOPHTHALMOLOGISTINPRIVATEPRACTICEFORNINEYEARSBEFORECOMINGTO$AVIS(ECOMPLETEDARESIDENCYINCOMPARATIVEOPHTHALMOLOGYAT5#$AVISINANDTHENJOINEDTHEFACULTYIN)NADDITIONTOHISCLINICALDUTIES$R(OLLINGSWORTHTEACHESCLINICALOPHTHALMOLOGYTOTHIRDANDFOURTHYEARVETERINARYSTUDENTS(EALSOSERVESAS#HAIROFTHE%XAMINATION#OMMITTEEOFTHE!MERICAN#OLLEGEOF6ETERINARY/PHTHALMOLOGISTSANDHASBEENAREVIEWERFORANUMBEROFPROFESSIONALJOURNALSINCLUDINGTHE!MERICAN*OURNALOF6ETERINARY2ESEARCH6ETERINARY!NAESTHESIAAND!NALGESIA6ETERINARY3URGERYAND6ETERINARY/PHTHALMOLOGY
4HEOPHTHALMOLOGYDEPARTMENTISOPENTOBOTHREFERRALSANDTHEGENERALPUBLIC4OMAKEANAPPOINTMENTCALLTHE5#$AVIS6ETERINARY-EDICAL4EACHING(OSPITALAT
">}-iVi1>6ii>i`V>/i>V}>
$R(OLLINGSWORTH
7i>]q>V{]
$R$ON*$7HEATWORLDRENOWNEDEQUINESURGEONANDCLINICIANANDANINTEGRALPARTOFTHE5#$AVIS3CHOOLOF6ETERINARY-EDICINEPASSEDAWAYON-ARCH$R7HEATDEDICATEDHISCAREERTOTHECAREANDWELFAREOFTHEEQUINEATHLETEANDTOTHETRAININGOFSEVERALGENERATIONSOFEQUINEPRACTITIONERS(EWASAROLEMODELFORMANYSTUDENTSINTERNSRESIDENTSANDGRADUATESTUDENTSSTIMULATINGTHEMTOENVISIONANDEXPLORENEWIDEASFORIMPROVINGTHECAREOFHORSES
$R7HEATALSOLEFTHISLEGACYINTHEESTABLISHMENTOFTHE*$7HEAT6ETERINARY/RTHOPEDIC2ESEARCH,ABORATORYIN4HELABORATORYCONDUCTSRESEARCHONORTHOPEDICDISEASESOFANIMALSWITHANEMPHASISONMUSCULOSKELETALDISORDERSOFRACEHORSES4HELABORATORYPROVIDESANENVIRONMENTINWHICHCOMPLEXPROBLEMSPRESENTEDBYMOSTMUSCULOSKELETALDISEASESCANBEADDRESSEDBYUSINGTHECOLLECTIVEEXPERTISEOFINVESTIGATORSFROMSEVERALDIFFERENTDISCIPLINESINTHEBASICANDCLINICALSCIENCESOFTHE3CHOOLOF6ETERINARY-EDICINE$R7HEATSINTERESTENCOURAGEMENTANDCONTINUEDCURIOSITYTOUNDERSTANDANDDISCOVERBETTERWAYSTOTREATMUSCULOSKELETALDISEASESPROVIDEDTHELABORATORYWITHAlRMFOUNDATIONONWHICHTOBUILDTHESUCCESSITENJOYSTODAY
$R7HEATWASACHARTERDIPLOMATEOFTHE!MERICANCOLLEGEOF6ETERINARY3URGEONSRECIPIENTOFTHE!MERICAN!SSOCIATIONOF%QUINE0RACITITIONERSTEACHINGAWARDMEMBEROFTHE.ATIONAL!CADEMIESOF0RACTICEANDANINDUCTEEINTHE)NTERNATIONAL%QUINE6ETERINARY(ALLOF&AME(EWILLBESORELYMISSED
$R7HEAT
/ii,i6i] Li
1>iivii>
0ROFESSOREMERITUS4IMOTHY/"RIENOFTHE5#$AVIS3CHOOLOF6ETERINARY-EDICINEWASRECENTLYHONOREDFORSIGNIlCANTLYADVANCINGTHEDEVELOPMENTANDTRAININGOFEQUINEVETERINARIANS4HEDISTINGUISHEDEDUCATORAWARDWASPRESENTEDTO$R/"RIENBYTHE!MERICAN!SSOCIATIONOF%QUINE0RACTITIONERSDURINGTHEORGANIZATIONSANNUALMEETINGIN3AN$IEGO(EWASRECOGNIZEDFORHISEFFORTSASANEDUCATORANDMENTORTOTHEMANYSTUDENTSANDCOLLEAGUESWITHWHOMHEHASBEENAFlLIATED/"RIENAVETERINARYRADIOLOGISTSPECIALIZEDINCHARACTERIZINGBONEANDJOINTPROBLEMSOFHORSESANDSPENTMUCHOFHISCAREERAT5#$AVIS(EHASTRAINEDAPPROXIMATELYLARGEANIMALANDEQUINESURGERYRESIDENTS
/"ii`>*i
$R/"RIEN
>>>V>
(ORSESCANBEBORNWITHCATARACTSDUETODEVELOPMENTALORHERITABLECAUSESKNOWNASCONGENITALCATARACTS&OALSWITHCATARACTSOFTENPRESENTVERYEARLYINLIFEUSUALLYATTOMONTHSOFAGE4YPICALLYTHEOWNERSWILLNOTICETHEWHITENESSINTHEPUPILOFONEEYEALMOSTIMMEDIATELYAFTERBIRTH4HISCHANGEISOFTENFOLLOWEDCLOSELYBYTHEOTHEREYE6ISUALPROBLEMSEXPERIENCEDBYTHEFOALARENOTICEDTHROUGHBEHAVIORSSUCHASHESITANCYTOGOANYWHEREWITHOUTTHEMAREOROUTRIGHTBUMPINGINTOTHINGS/THERWISETHEFOALSAREUSUALLYSYSTEMICALLYHEALTHYANDTHEEYESARENOTPAINFUL
#ONGENITALCATARACTSINNEWBORNFOALSAREESPECIALLYAMENABLETOSURGICALREMOVAL6ETERINARYATTENTIONSHOULDBESOUGHTASSOONASPOSSIBLE3IGNSINCLUDEAMILKYAPPEARINGPUPILOREVIDENCEOFIMPAIREDVISIONASMENTIONEDABOVE)MMEDIATELYBEFOREANDAFTERSURGERYTHEFOALISGIVENANUMBEROFMEDICATIONSINCLUDINGTOPICALANTIBIOTICSTOPICALANTIINmAMMATORIESSTEROIDALANDNONSTEROIDALANDSYSTEMICANTIINmAMMATORIESUSUALLY"ANAMINE
4HESURGERYISPERFORMEDUSINGATECHNOLOGYKNOWNASPHACOEMULSIlCATION4HISISTHEEXACTSAMETECHNOLOGYANDEQUIPMENTUSEDINHUMANCATARACTSURGERY-OSTOFTHEFOALSSPENDABOUTTODAYSINTHEHOSPITALAFTERSURGERY2ECHECKSAREUSUALLYREQUIREDATAPPROXIMATELYWEEKSANDMONTHSAFTERSURGERYALTHOUGHTHEINTERVALANDFREQUENCYISDETERMINEDBYTHEPRESENCEORABSENCEOFCOMPLICATIONS
4HEMOSTCOMMONPOSTOPERATIVEPROBLEMISGLAUCOMA$URINGTHEPOSTSURGICALPERIODTHEMEDICATIONSAREUSUALLYREDUCED#ATARACTSURGERYWILLUSUALLY
RESULTINTHEHORSEBEINGFARSIGHTEDNOTABLETOSEETHINGSUPCLOSEBUTMANYGOONTOLIVEPRODUCTIVELIVES
#OMPLETECATARACTINAFOALLESSTHANMONTHSOLDIMMEDIATELYBEFORESURGERY
4YPICALHEALINGTWOMONTHSAFTERCATARACTSURGERY
/NEWEEKAFTERCATARACTSURGERY.OTETHEINCISIONSUTURESONTHERIGHTANDTHEGREEGLOWFROMTHETAPETUMATTHEBACKOFTHEEYE
",-,*",/-AIL)$#ENTERFOR%QUINE(EALTH3CHOOLOF6ETERINARY-EDICINE5NIVERSITYOF#ALIFORNIA/NE3HIELDS!VENUE$AVIS#!
2%452.3%26)#%2%15%34%$
4HE2EGENTSOFTHE5NIVERSITYOF#ALIFORNIA!PRIL
#ENTERFOR%QUINE(EALTHWWWVETMEDUCDAVISEDUCEH
$IRECTOR$R'REGORY,&ERRAROEMAILGLFERRARO UCDAVISEDU
7RITER%DITOR"ARBARA-EIERHENRYEMAILCEHWRITER UCDAVISEDU
-ANAGEMENT3ERVICES/FlCER+ATIE'LIDEEMAILKAGLIDE UCDAVISEDU
$EAN3CHOOLOF6ETERINARY-EDICINE$R"ENNIE)/SBURN
4HE#ENTERFOR%QUINE(EALTHISSUPPORTEDWITHFUNDSPROVIDEDBYTHE3TATEOF#ALIFORNIA0ARI-UTUEL&UNDANDCONTRIBUTIONSBYPRIVATEDONORS
4HE5NIVERSITYOF#ALIFORNIADOESNOTDISCRIMINATEINANYOFITSPOLICIESPROCEDURESORPRACTICES4HE5NIVERSITYISANAFlRMATIVEACTIONEQUALOPPORTUNITYEMPLOYER
4HEINFORMATIONYOUPROVIDEWILLBEUSEDFOR5NIVERSITYBUSINESSANDWILLNOTBERELEASEDUNLESSREQUIREDBYLAW4OREVIEWYOURRECORDCONTACT!DVANCEMENT3ERVICES$REW!VENUE3TE$AVIS#!!PORTIONOFALLGIFTSISUSEDTODEFRAYTHECOSTSOFADMINISTERINGTHEFUNDS!LLGIFTSARETAXDEDUCTIBLEASPRESCRIBEDBYLAW
",-,*",/
6-/"1,7-/)FYOUAREACCESSING4HE(ORSE2EPORTFROMOURWEBSITEANDNOLONGERWANTAPAPERCOPY0,%!3%,%453+./7
SAVEUSTHEPOSTAGETHEHORSESWILLBENElT
3ENDANEMAILREQUESTTOLJCHRISTISON UCDAVISEDU
.ONPROlT/RG530/34!'%
0!)$5#$AVIS
WWWVETMEDUCDAVISEDUCEH
6i] Li/ii,i
1}i ii`i1>i`i>v>"EFORE#ALIFORNIASUNWANTEDHORSESOFTENENDEDUPATTHESLAUGHTERHOUSEBUTWITHLEGISLATIONPROHIBITINGSLAUGHTERANDPROCESSINGPLANTSNOWCLOSEDINTHE53THEPROBLEMOFUNWANTEDHORSESHASRISENTOANEWLEVEL/FANESTIMATEDMILLIONHORSESINTHE53ASMANYASTOAREREPORTEDEACHYEARASUNWANTEDANIMALS4HECURRENTECONOMICDOWNTURNHASONLYMADEAPROBLEMTHATHASBEENBUILDINGOVERSEVERALYEARSWORSE4HENEEDFORASOLUTIONISNOWEXTREMELYURGENT)NRESPONSETOTHISCRISISAGROUPOFEXPERTSINANIMALCONTROLVETERINARYPRACTICEANDTHEHUMANECOMMUNITYTHROUGHOUTTHESTATEHAVECOMETOGETHERTOFORMTHE)NTERNATIONAL!NIMAL7ELFARE4RAINING)NSTITUTE)!74)WHOSEGOALISTOCREATESCIENCEBASEDSOLUTIONSTOWELFAREISSUESONTHEFARMINANIMALSHELTERSANDINOTHERAREASWHEREANIMALSANDHUMANSINTERSECT0UBLICEDUCATIONANDOUTREACHPROGRAMSAREBEINGPLANNEDTOTRAINMEMBERSOFTHEHORSECOMMUNITYABOUTOPTIONSFORTHECAREOFUNWANTEDHORSES
4HOSEINTERESTEDINHELPINGlNANCIALLYTOWARDSOLVINGTHISPROBLEMMAYCONTACT-R+ELLY.IMTZATKJNIMTZ UCDAVISEDU$R*OHN-ADIGANATJEMADIGAN UCDAVISEDUOR$R'REGORY&ERRAROAT