The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment

EQ: How do new ideas spark change?EQ: How do new ideas spark change?

Academic VocabularyAcademic Vocabulary

Natural law Natural law Social contract Social contract Separation of powerSeparation of power DeismDeism Absolutism Absolutism Bill of RightsBill of Rights PhilosophesPhilosophes

What was the What was the Enlightenment?Enlightenment?

In 1700s European In 1700s European thinkers believed that thinkers believed that reason (rational thought) reason (rational thought) could be used to make could be used to make government and society government and society better. better.

Wanted to illuminate Wanted to illuminate people, and get rid of people, and get rid of superstition and superstition and ignoranceignorance

Political thinkers applied Political thinkers applied reason to governmentreason to government Natural law Natural law = law that = law that

applied to everyone and applied to everyone and could be understood by could be understood by reason. reason.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0B28_gwj0M

Thomas HobbesThomas Hobbes English thinker, wrote about English English thinker, wrote about English

gov. and society gov. and society LeviathanLeviathan (1651) = absolute (1651) = absolute

monarchy the best form of monarchy the best form of government.government.

Humans were “naturally” selfish, Humans were “naturally” selfish, violent, and could not be trustedviolent, and could not be trusted

Therefore, they needed a Therefore, they needed a government who could rule like the government who could rule like the leviathan (sea monster) = humans leviathan (sea monster) = humans needed kings, strong rulers needed kings, strong rulers

1. What sort of government did Hobbes support in Leviathan?

John Locke John Locke English thinkerEnglish thinker Citizens have rights and government Citizens have rights and government

has to answer to the people. has to answer to the people. The Treatise of Government The Treatise of Government (1690) all (1690) all

people had natural rights—life, liberty, people had natural rights—life, liberty, and right to own property. and right to own property.

Purpose of government is to protect Purpose of government is to protect these rightsthese rights Social contract = an agreement between Social contract = an agreement between

rulers and people rulers and people

Baron de Montesquieu (1689-Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755)1755)

A French thinker A French thinker The Sprit of the Laws The Sprit of the Laws (1748)(1748) Believed in Believed in separation of separation of

powers powers Power divided among Power divided among

branches of government = branches of government = legislative, executive, judiciallegislative, executive, judicial

By sepearating these By sepearating these powers , gov. could not powers , gov. could not become too powerful and become too powerful and threaten people’s rightsthreaten people’s rights

Activity: Review Questions Activity: Review Questions 2. Explain the event that Thomas Hobbes 2. Explain the event that Thomas Hobbes

experienced during his life in England that experienced during his life in England that influenced this ideas. influenced this ideas.

3. Explain the event that John Locke 3. Explain the event that John Locke experienced during his life in England that experienced during his life in England that influenced his ideas. influenced his ideas.

4. What sort of government did John Locke 4. What sort of government did John Locke support? support?

5. According to Montesquieu how should 5. According to Montesquieu how should government be organized? government be organized?

Activity: Primary Source Activity: Primary Source ““Again, there is no liberty, if the judiciary power be not Again, there is no liberty, if the judiciary power be not

separated from the legislative and executive. Were it joined with separated from the legislative and executive. Were it joined with the legislative, the life and liberty of the subject (people) would the legislative, the life and liberty of the subject (people) would be exposed to be exposed to arbitraryarbitrary (unpredictable) control; for judges would (unpredictable) control; for judges would be then the legislator. Were it jointed to the executive power the be then the legislator. Were it jointed to the executive power the judge might behave with violence and oppression.” judge might behave with violence and oppression.”

Questions: Questions: 1.1. 1. 1. According to Montesquieu, why should judges be According to Montesquieu, why should judges be

independent. Explain using supporting detail.independent. Explain using supporting detail.

2.2. 2. How have Montesquieu’s view influence our US 2. How have Montesquieu’s view influence our US government. Explain in 5-6 sentences. government. Explain in 5-6 sentences.

The The PhilosophesPhilosophes

1818thth century French thinkers, century French thinkers, writers, teacherswriters, teachers

Wanted to use reason (logic) to Wanted to use reason (logic) to change society change society

Committed to social reformCommitted to social reform Celebrated the scientific Celebrated the scientific

revolution revolution Believed in freedom of speech Believed in freedom of speech

and individual’s rights to freedomand individual’s rights to freedom Spread these ideas in their writing Spread these ideas in their writing

Activity: Voltaire, Diderot & Activity: Voltaire, Diderot & Rousseau Rousseau

Read Voltaire, Diderot and RousseauRead Voltaire, Diderot and Rousseau Create a Create a 3 Fold-Chart. 3 Fold-Chart. Explain who these Explain who these

philosophesphilosophes were and how they were and how they contributed to the Enlightenment. contributed to the Enlightenment.

VoltaireVoltaire DiderotDiderot RousseauRousseau 1. Profession2. Ideas (What

did they support or believe in?

3. Influence the Enlightenment)

Enlightenment and Women Enlightenment and Women 1700s women thinkers called for 1700s women thinkers called for

women’s rights women’s rights Mary Wollstonecraft Mary Wollstonecraft

An English writer An English writer Founder of modern women’s right Founder of modern women’s right

movement movement Wrote:Wrote: Vindication of the rights of Vindication of the rights of

Women Women All humans have reason—including All humans have reason—including

women so they should have same women so they should have same rights as menrights as men

Rights to get en education, work, Rights to get en education, work, and participate in political life. and participate in political life.

Activity: Activity: Primary Primary Source Source

3. Question: 3. Question: What did Wollstonecraft believed would What did Wollstonecraft believed would happen if women were allowed to have rights? happen if women were allowed to have rights?

The Age of Absolutism The Age of Absolutism Absolute rulers had a Absolute rulers had a

lot of power, but they lot of power, but they asked the asked the PhilosophesPhilosophes for help to be better for help to be better rulers. rulers.

Louis XIV “Sun King”

Maria Theresa

Joseph II, Hapsburg

Peter “The Great”

Catherine “The Great

Activity: Organizing Activity: Organizing Information Information

Draw a chart to list the rulers of the Draw a chart to list the rulers of the Enlightenment, their countries, and Enlightenment, their countries, and their accomplishments. their accomplishments.

Absolute Ruler

Country Accomplishments

Home LearningHome Learning

After reading “The Enlightenment.”After reading “The Enlightenment.” Answer the following review Answer the following review

questions on the back of the packet:questions on the back of the packet: Questions #1-7 (EXCEPT #3) Questions #1-7 (EXCEPT #3)

EnlightenmentEnlightenment PhilosophesPhilosophes In groups complete a chart of the following In groups complete a chart of the following

philosophesphilosophes. .

Take additional notes on the following Take additional notes on the following videovideo. . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CP8k_f3PFq8 Use your Use your TEXTBOOKSTEXTBOOKS (pgs. 274-279) (pgs. 274-279) Each member of your group will turn in a draft of the Each member of your group will turn in a draft of the

thinker they were assigned while working in the thinker they were assigned while working in the group. group.

Philosophes (Thinkers’ Name)

Ideas (Write 3 Ideas)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

High School Project High School Project After you finish the chart with your groupAfter you finish the chart with your group

How do you think the ideas of the philosophes How do you think the ideas of the philosophes will influence (affect) the American Revolution? will influence (affect) the American Revolution? Write two paragraphs explaining your ideas. Write two paragraphs explaining your ideas.

After you finish the chart with your group, After you finish the chart with your group, CHOOSECHOOSE the thinker you will be working on the thinker you will be working on for your project. for your project.

Begin answering the Questions on your Begin answering the Questions on your Outline (You will have 30 mintues) Outline (You will have 30 mintues)