Chapter 4: The Exchange of IdeasChapter 4: The Exchange of Ideas

WORLDVIEW INQUIRYWORLDVIEW INQUIRY

► How did the How did the Renaissance spark Renaissance spark the growth and the growth and exchange of ideas exchange of ideas across Europe?across Europe?

VocabularyVocabulary

► HeresyHeresy► AnatomyAnatomy► AstrologyAstrology► AllegoryAllegory► ExcommunicationExcommunication► IndulgencesIndulgences► DisseminatesDisseminates

GalileoGalileo

► An Italian astronomer An Italian astronomer born in Tuscany.born in Tuscany.

► Known as the “Father Known as the “Father of Modern Science.”of Modern Science.”

► Said the sun is the Said the sun is the center of the universe.center of the universe.

Roman InquisitionRoman Inquisition

► System of tribunals System of tribunals developed by the developed by the Vatican to charge Vatican to charge Heretics.Heretics.

► Either tortured, Either tortured, burned, or house burned, or house arrest.arrest.

Galileo’s TrialGalileo’s Trial

► Said sun was center Said sun was center of universe.of universe.

► Church angry – Church angry – charged him with charged him with heresy.heresy.

► If he did not refuse – If he did not refuse – he would die.he would die.

Galileo’s TrialGalileo’s Trial

► Decided it was better Decided it was better to live than to dieto live than to die He read a statement He read a statement

that denied his sun-that denied his sun-centered belief.centered belief.

► Sentenced to house Sentenced to house arrest.arrest.

► Book was put on Book was put on Index of Prohibited Index of Prohibited BooksBooks..

““Eppur Si Muove”Eppur Si Muove”

““And yet it moves!”And yet it moves!”

Fast Forward-Fast Forward-We Recant………….We Recant………….

On 31 October 1992, Pope John Paul II expressed regret for how the Galileo affair was handled, and officially conceded that the Earth was not stationary, as the result of a study conducted by the Pontifical Council for Culture.

In March 2008 the Vatican proposed to complete its rehabilitation of Galileo by erecting a statue of him inside the Vatican walls. (they later cancelled this commision)

In December of the same year, during events to mark the 400th anniversary of Galileo's earliest telescopic observations, Pope Benedict XVI praised his contributions to astronomy

Galileo’s TrialGalileo’s Trial

► According to the According to the story, why was story, why was Galileo sentenced to Galileo sentenced to house arrest? With house arrest? With which elements of which elements of the worldviews icon the worldviews icon did Galileo’s did Galileo’s knowledge conflict?knowledge conflict?

► Worldview Icon:Worldview Icon: GeographyGeography TimeTime BeliefsBeliefs SocietySociety ValuesValues EconomyEconomy KnowledgeKnowledge

Science: A New Way of Science: A New Way of ThinkingThinking

► People were People were encouraged to question encouraged to question and experiment.and experiment.

► Created the “Scientific Created the “Scientific Method”Method”

► Led to the discovers of Led to the discovers of many areas.many areas.

► Most important:Most important: Astronomy,Astronomy, Medicine,Medicine, MathMath

AstronomyAstronomy

► Until Renaissance, Until Renaissance, people believed sun people believed sun went around earth.went around earth.

► Europeans believed Europeans believed God placed Earth at God placed Earth at center.center.

► Galileo Galilei proved Galileo Galilei proved everyone wrongeveryone wrong Build telescopes and Build telescopes and

observed.observed.

MedicineMedicine

► ““In one pound of In one pound of olive oil cook ten olive oil cook ten green lizards and green lizards and filter them though filter them though linen; add one linen; add one measure of measure of marjoram and marjoram and wormwood; cook wormwood; cook slowly and set by slowly and set by for use.”for use.”

MedicineMedicine

► Little knowledge Little knowledge about anatomy and about anatomy and the causes of the causes of disease.disease.

► Remedies were Remedies were based on astrology, based on astrology, superstition, superstition, bloodletting, and bloodletting, and leeches.leeches.

MedicineMedicine

► Midwives and Midwives and herbalists played herbalists played important role.important role.

► Knowledge of Knowledge of medicine grew, medicine grew, particularly in particularly in anatomy and anatomy and surgery.surgery.

► Use the scientific Use the scientific method.method.

MedicineMedicine

► Dissection of bodies Dissection of bodies was made legal for was made legal for the purpose of study.the purpose of study. Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci

dissected many dissected many bodies.bodies.

► Often done in front Often done in front of students.of students.

► Francois Rabelais Francois Rabelais made accurate made accurate drawings.drawings.

MathematicsMathematics

► Renaissance thinkers Renaissance thinkers thought math was thought math was the basic tool for the basic tool for understanding the understanding the universe.universe.

► Important to the Important to the scientific method.scientific method.

► Important to the Important to the economy.economy. Merchants needed to Merchants needed to

know.know.

MathematicsMathematics

► Zero discovered in Zero discovered in India.India.

► Decimal system Decimal system discovered by discovered by Muslims.Muslims.

► Europeans built on Europeans built on these discoveries.these discoveries.

Political and Religious Political and Religious LeadershipLeadership

►Strong leadership Strong leadership was answer to was answer to feuding City-feuding City-States.States.

►Would bring peace Would bring peace and stability which and stability which would then allow would then allow business and art business and art to prosper.to prosper.

Born Into LeadershipBorn Into Leadership

► Isabella D’Este Isabella D’Este was “the first was “the first lady of the lady of the world.”world.” Smart, artistic, Smart, artistic,

musicalmusical

►Ruled Mantua Ruled Mantua while husband while husband was at war.was at war.

Lake Como

The Scientific RulerThe Scientific Ruler

►Niccolo MachiavelliNiccolo Machiavelli The ultimate The ultimate

People WatcherPeople Watcher

►Said people are Said people are “ungrateful, fickle, “ungrateful, fickle, liars, and greedy”liars, and greedy”

►Wrote “The Prince”Wrote “The Prince”

Changing Leadership in the Changing Leadership in the ChurchChurch

►Most powerful Most powerful institution in institution in Europe.Europe.

►Leaders controlled Leaders controlled politics, business, politics, business, and religion.and religion.

►Used power Used power negativelynegatively Took moneyTook money Bought titlesBought titles

SavonarolaSavonarola

►Dominican monkDominican monk►Spent life fighting Spent life fighting

church corruptionchurch corruption►Often accused Often accused

the Church and the Church and Pope of Pope of corruption.corruption. Broke his oath to Broke his oath to

the Church.the Church.

SavonarolaSavonarola►Convinced citizens of Florence to burn Convinced citizens of Florence to burn

lavish possessions.lavish possessions. Kept people away from God.Kept people away from God.

SavonarolaSavonarola

►Pope Pope excommunicated excommunicated him.him.

►He lost support in He lost support in Florence.Florence.

►Charged with Charged with Heresy and Heresy and executed in 1498executed in 1498

Martin LutherMartin Luther

►German MonkGerman Monk►Followed Followed

Savonarola’s Savonarola’s footsteps.footsteps.

►Studied the BibleStudied the Bible Said Bible, not Said Bible, not

Church, is true Church, is true guide.guide.

Martin LutherMartin Luther

► Upset how Church Upset how Church made moneymade money Sold indulgences Sold indulgences

(certificates to (certificates to reduce time spend reduce time spend to pay for sins)to pay for sins)

► Distributed and Distributed and nailed his nailed his Ninety-Ninety-Five ThesesFive Theses to to church in church in WittenbergWittenberg

Martin LutherMartin Luther

► Pope Leo X issued Pope Leo X issued a “bull” a “bull” condemning condemning Luther.Luther.

► Luther burned Bull.Luther burned Bull.► Brought to trial Brought to trial

like Galileo.like Galileo.► Refused rebuttalRefused rebuttal► Was Was

excommunicatedexcommunicated Went into hiding. Went into hiding.

Teach Us All Knowing One

► In groups, you are to present the rest of chapter 4 to the class.

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