The English Establish 13 Colonies Early Colonies Have Mixed Success THINK. THINK. What do you think England did after it defeated the powerful Spanish Armada? ANSWER: They focused on establishing colonies in the Americas. Colony- is a territory under the immediate political control of a state (country). Question: Why did England want colonies in the new world? Reasons England Wanted Colonies 1. Mercantilism- (Remember this word??)- England wanted to buy raw materials from the colonies cheaply and force the colonists to buy manufactured goods at a higher price. They wanted to control all trade to and from the colonies!! 2. Religion- England wanted to spread the Protestant faith in the Americas. Why did Colonists come to the Americas? 1. Lack of economic opportunity in England 2. Stories of gold 3. Escape religious persecution Roanoke This was the 1 st attempt by England to colonize. This was the 1 st attempt by England to colonize. Key People: Key People: It was established in Virginia, and it was financed and sponsored by Sir Walter Raleigh. It was established in Virginia, and it was financed and sponsored by Sir Walter Raleigh. Hardships: Hardships: The colonists relied on Native Americans for food. But when the Native Americans realized the settlers wanted their land, they cut off the colonists food supply. Those who did survive returned to England The colonists relied on Native Americans for food. But when the Native Americans realized the settlers wanted their land, they cut off the colonists food supply. Those who did survive returned to England. Any other important facts: Any other important facts: 1587-Raleigh tried once more to establish the Roanoke colony, with disastrous results. No one knows for sure what happened to this colony Raleigh tried once more to establish the Roanoke colony, with disastrous results. No one knows for sure what happened to this colony. Sir Walter Raleigh and what we believe Roanoke once looked like Raleigh financed the colony at Roanoke, when the colony failed, he lost his investment. RESULT: The English realized that one person could not finance a colony. RESULT: The English realized that one person could not finance a colony.Joint-Stock companies were formed to finance colonies. The companies were backed by investors, which are people who put money into a project to earn profits. companies were formed to finance colonies. The companies were backed by investors, which are people who put money into a project to earn profits. Each investor owned pieces of the company called stocks. Each investor owned pieces of the company called stocks. They split profits and divided loses. They split profits and divided loses. Example If you invest in Microsoft, you buy shares of stock in the company. You now own a piece of Microsoft. If Microsoft makes money, you make money. If Microsoft looses money, then you loose money. Joint stock companies paid for colonists to go to the Americas. If the colonies were successful, the investors made money. If the colonies were unsuccessful, the investors lost money. 2 Joint Stock companies were formed: 1. The Virginia Company of London 2. The Virginia Company of Plymouth * King James I of England granted a charter to both companies. A charter is a written contract, issued by the government. It gives the holder the right to establish a colony. The Seal of the Virginia Company and King James I of England Jamestown 1 st permanent English settlement 1 st permanent English settlement Named in honor of King James Named in honor of King James Established in 1607 Established in 1607 Financed by the Virginia Company of London Financed by the Virginia Company of London Colonists land in Jamestown Why do you think colonists settled near the coast? Enduring hard times in Jamestown Hardships : Hardships : 1. mosquitoes 2. bad water 3. Spent their days looking for gold did not build homes or farm. 4. bad climate *In only 38 colonists remained alive There was never English-men left in a foreign country in such misery as we were in this newly discovered Virginia. Jamestown colonist Jamestown Grows! Solution: John Smith took control (adventurer and soldier) John Smith took control (adventurer and soldier) He believed everyone must do their part. His motto: He that will not work shall not eat He believed everyone must do their part. His motto: He that will not work shall not eat He built a wall around Jamestown to provide protection He built a wall around Jamestown to provide protection He persuaded a Powhatan tribe to trade their corn with the colonists. He persuaded a Powhatan tribe to trade their corn with the colonists After an injury, Smith returns to England. That year 800 English settlers arrive in Jamestown!! John Smith and historic Jamestown The Starving Time Describe it: The Powhatan stopped trading food and attacked the settlers. Result: The settlers were scarred to leave their fort. They ate rats and snakes among other things. Only 60 colonists were alive when 2 English ships arrived in 1610. Things get better *Solution: The new governor, Lord De La Warr, ruled the in the name of the king. The new governor, Lord De La Warr, ruled the in the name of the king. imposed discipline, and the starving time ended. imposed discipline, and the starving time ended. * In 1612, John Rolfe developed a high-grade tobacco that the colonists learned to grow. Who invented a way of growing high-grade tobacco in Virginia? When did he invent this farming technique? Why were colonists upset when tobacco production increased? Where was tobacco extremely popular? What were the results of tobacco production in Virginia? John Rolfe1612 Wanted a share of the profits because they werent making any money. Everywher e! It was so profitable! Population grows, slavery is introduced so that more tobacco can be farmed. Tobacco becomes very popular in England The Result: 1. The Virginia company thought of colonists as employees, but the colonists wanted a share of the profits. They did not want to work hard for little profit! The company responded by letting colonists own land (If you own the land, you work harder). They gave 50 acres of land to anyone who could pay their own way to the colony. The company responded by letting colonists own land (If you own the land, you work harder). They gave 50 acres of land to anyone who could pay their own way to the colony. 2. The 1 st African Americans arrived in Jamestown to work the land and increase the production of tobacco. (The population of Virginia grows!) Harvesting Tobacco in Jamestown More laborers (workers) were needed! Indentured servants Indentured servants 1. could not afford passage to America 2. sold their labor for passage to the colony. 3. Worked for 6-12 years, then free. The Life of Indentured Servants Indentured Servants A contract for an indentured servant circa 1692 The Virginia Company was one of the largest recruiters of indentured servants The Colonists grow annoyed with the governors strict policies: The governor represented the best interests of the Virginia company. The governor represented the best interests of the Virginia company. House of Burgessess: House of Burgessess: 1 st representative assembly in the colonies 1 st representative assembly in the colonies Why was it formed: Why was it formed: To provide more control To provide more control The House of Burgesses The Church in Jamestown where meetings took place In 1765, Patrick Henry introduced 7 resolutions against the Stamp Act at the VA House of Burgesses. The House of Burgesses, which met at first only once a year, could make laws, which could be vetoed by the governor or the directors of the Virginia Company. More Conflicts: John Rolfe married Chief Powhatans daughter, Pocahontas in an effort to improve relations between the English colonists and the Powhatan Indians. John Rolfe married Chief Powhatans daughter, Pocahontas in an effort to improve relations between the English colonists and the Powhatan Indians. The Powhatan taught the colonists how to hunt, grow corn, and fish. The Powhatan taught the colonists how to hunt, grow corn, and fish. Effect: Effect: However, the tobacco plantations grew and took over a great deal of Powhatan land. Powhatan killed hundreds of Jamestowns residents. However, the tobacco plantations grew and took over a great deal of Powhatan land. Powhatan killed hundreds of Jamestowns residents. John Rolfe Marries Pocahontas 1622- The Powhatan Attack Jamestown When the day appointed for the massacre had arrived, a number of the savages visited many of our people in their dwellings, and while partaking with them of their meal the savages, at a given signal, drew their weapons and fell upon us murdering and killing everybody they could reach sparing neither women nor children, as well inside as outside the dwellings. In this attack 347 of the English of both sexes and all ages were killed. Simply killing our people did not satisfy their inhuman nature, they dragged the dead bodies all over the country, tearing them limb from limb, and carrying the pieces in triumph around. When the day appointed for the massacre had arrived, a number of the savages visited many of our people in their dwellings, and while partaking with them of their meal the savages, at a given signal, drew their weapons and fell upon us murdering and killing everybody they could reach sparing neither women nor children, as well inside as outside the dwellings. In this attack 347 of the English of both sexes and all ages were killed. Simply killing our people did not satisfy their inhuman nature, they dragged the dead bodies all over the country, tearing them limb from limb, and carrying the pieces in triumph around. The Second Anglo Powhatan War The Massacre as Reported to England Contemporaneously and in 1622 Bacons Rebellion: The Causes 1670s- of free white men in Virginia were former indentured servants. 1670s- of free white men in Virginia were former indentured servants. They did not own land and resented wealthy landowners. They did not own land and resented wealthy landowners. They lived on the Virginia western frontier and fought Native Americans for land. They lived on the Virginia western frontier and fought Native Americans for land. Governor refused to approve war against the Native Americans. Governor refused to approve war against the Native Americans. Bacons Rebellion Bacon took control of the House of Burgesses and burnt Jamestown to the ground. Effects of Bacons Rebellion 1. King Charles II recalled the governor back to England 2. The House of Burgesses passed laws to prevent a Governor from assuming such power again. * This was an important step against tyranny, a type of government has vast, if not absolute power!