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THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
• Lesson Aim:
To discover how and why Parliament defeated the King.
The Civil War
The Civil War
• On 25 August 1642 Charles I raised his standard at Nottingham, signalling the start of the Civil War.
The Civil War
• On 25 August 1642 Charles I raised his standard at Nottingham, signalling the start of the Civil War.
• Ordinary people throughout the country now had to choose which side they were on: their King or their Parliament.
The Civil War
• Often the choice divided families: two brothers could join different armies, or fathers might fight against their sons.
The Civil War
• Often the choice divided families: two brothers could join different armies, or fathers might fight against their sons.
• However, in many cases, people simply joined the army that reached their city or town first.
For the King!
• The King had support from the nobles and gentry.
For the King!
• The King had support from the nobles and gentry.
• He also had support in Ireland, Wales, and in the North and West of England.
For Parliament!
• The Puritans fought on Parliament’s side.
• Parliament also had support from the richer areas of the country in South and Eastern England.
Why did Parliament win?
Why did Parliament win?
• Although the whole country was at war, there were not very many important battles.
Why did Parliament win?
• Although the whole country was at war, there were not very many important battles.
• Most of the battles in 1642 and 1643 were either a draw or were won by the Royalists.
Why did Parliament win?
• Although the whole country was at war, there were not very many important battles.
• Most of the battles in 1642 and 1643 were either a draw or were won by the Royalists.
• But in 1644 and 1645, most battles were won by the Parliamentarians.
Why did Parliament win?
• Why did Parliament start doing so well?
Cromwell and the New Model Army
Cromwell and the New Model Army
• After the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644, an MP called Oliver Cromwell reorganised Parliament’s Army.
Cromwell and the New Model Army
• After the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644, an MP called Oliver Cromwell reorganised Parliament’s Army.
• This new army was called the ‘New Model Army’.
Cromwell and the New Model Army
• After the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644, an MP called Oliver Cromwell reorganised Parliament’s Army.
• This new army was called the ‘New Model Army’.
• It was commanded by Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell.
Cromwell and the New Model Army
• The soldiers in the New Model Army were regularly paid, provided with a uniform, and properly trained to fight.
Cromwell and the New Model Army
• The soldiers in the New Model Army were regularly paid, provided with a uniform, and properly trained to fight.
• This was a totally new idea at the time!
Cromwell and the New Model Army
• The soldiers in the New Model Army were regularly paid, provided with a uniform, and properly trained to fight.
• This was a totally new idea at the time!
• The New Model Army with its well-trained soldiers finally defeated Charles at the Battle of Naseby in 1645.
BIG QUESTION FOR PARLIAMENT:
• What should they do with the King?
Your Task
• It is 1645 and Parliament has just won the Civil War.
Your Task
• It is 1645 and Parliament has just won the Civil War.
• You are a member of Cromwell’s New Model Army, and are feeling happy and victorious.
Your Task
• It is 1645 and Parliament has just won the Civil War.
• You are a member of Cromwell’s New Model Army, and are feeling happy and victorious.
• Write a diary entry explaining the following:
Your Task
• Who supported the King,
• Who supported Parliament,
• When the war began,
• Cromwell and The New Model Army,
• How Parliament won.
