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The Endocrine System
Chapter 39
Coordination of body systems by
Chemical control of hormones
I A. Systems that chemically coordinate the body:
NERVOUS
ENDOCRINE
• Stimuli-response• Rapid response• Short time
• Stimuli-response• Slow response• Lasts long time• Both=HOMEOSTASIS
B.Components of the Endocrine system
1. Glands make ?
Hormones or chemical messengers
2. Travel through ?
Blood stream
(Ductless glands)
3. To where ?
Specific Target Organs
Pituitary
ThyroidThymus
AdrenalPancreas
OvariesTestes
Feedback thermostat . . . . . . .
Feed back loop . . . . . . . High Blood sugar• Pancreas makes
insulin• Sugar enters the
cells• Blood sugar
lowered
Low Blood sugar• Pancreas makes
glucagon
• Sugar leaves the liver
• Blood sugar is increased
High Blood sugar
Pancreas makes Insulin
= Sugar goes into the cell
Low BloodSugar
GlucagonReleasesSugarFromliver Cell needs
sugar
2 Categories of Hormones
• Steroid Hormones
• Non-Steroid Hormones
IIA.Hypothalamus: Brain area that controls the Master Gland: Pituitary
Also controls oxytocin for uterus contraction & ADH for water balance in the kidneys
Pituitary:The Master Gland that controls other endocrine glands
Makes• TSH Thyroid
stimulating hormone for
metabolism• LH & FSH for
Reproduction• GH Growth hormone• ACTH hormone• Oxytocin• Prolactin• ADH• MSH
Thyroid: controls metabolism with thyroxine hormone
• Pituitary gland controls the thyroid with TSH
• Iodine is important for the thyroid tissue
• Goiter results from lack of iodine
• Also releases calcitonin
Parathyroid Thymus
Adrenal Medulla makes epinephrine & norepinepthrine
• Adrenal gland sits on top of the kidney
• Controls “fight or flight” response
• Superhuman strength @ adrenaline
Pancreas: Regulates sugar balance
• Insulin =
sugar into cells
• Glucagon =
sugar leaves the liver
Insulin sources for diabetics :
• From domestic livestock
• Genetically engineered bacteria
Examples of hormones & glands...
• Mammary glands prolactin
• Ovaries makeestrogen
• Testes maketestosterone
• Adrenal makeadrenaline