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8/20/2019 The eighth and ninth Dura hoards / by Alfred R. Bellinger
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NUMISMATIC
NOTES
AND MONOGRAPHS
No.
85
THE
EIGHTH AND NINTH
DURA HOARDS
BY
ALFRED
R. BELLINGER
The
American
Numismatic
Society
Broadway
at 156th
Street
New York
1939
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PUBLICATIONS
The
American Journal of
Numismatics,
1866-1920.
Monthly,
May,
1866-
April,
1870.
Quarterly,
July,
1870-0ctober,
1912.
Annually,
1913-1920.
With
many
plates,
illustrations,
maps
and
tables.
Less
than
a
half-dozen
complete
sets
of
the
Journal
remain
on
hand.
Price
on
application.
The numbers
necessary
to
complete
broken sets
may in most cases be obtained. An index to
the first
fifty
volumes
has been
issued as
part
of
Volume
LI.
It
may
be
purchased
sepa-
rately
for
3.00.
The American Numismatic
Society.
Catalogue
of
the International
Exhibition
of
Contempo-
rary
Medals. March 1910. New
and re-
vised
edition. New
York. 1911.
xxxvi,
412
pages,
512
illustrations.
3.00.
Numismatic Notes and
Monographs
9. David
Eugene
Smith,
LL.D.
Computing Jetons.
1921. 70
pp.
25 pls. 1.50.
10. Edward T. Newell. The First Seleučid
Coinage
at
Tyre.
1921.
40
pp.
8
pls.
1.00.
12.
Howland Wood.
Gold
Dollars of 1858.
1922.
7
pp.
2
pls.
50c.
13.
R. B. Whitehead. Pre-Mohammedan
Coinage
of N. W. India.
1922.
56
pp.
15
pls.
2.00.
14.
George
F.
Hill. Attambelos
I
of Characene.
1922. 12
pp.
3
pls.
1.00.
15. M.
P.
Vlasto. Taras Oikistes
(A
Contribution to Tarentine
Numismatics).
1922.
234
pp.
13
pls.
3.50.
17.
Agnes
Baldwin. Six
Roman
Bronze Medallions.
1923.
39
pp.
6
pls.
1.50.
18. Howland Wood. Tegucigalpa Coinage of 1823. 1923. 16 pp.
2
pls.
50c.
19.
Edward T. Newell. Alexander
Hoards
-
II. Demanhur
Hoard. 1923. 162
pp.
8
pls.
2.50.
20. Harrold
E.
Gillingham.
Italian
Orders
of
Chivalry
and
Medals
of Honour.
146
pp.
34
pls.
2.00.
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NUMISMATIC
NOTES AND
MONOGRAPHS
Number 85
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8/20/2019 The eighth and ninth Dura hoards / by Alfred R. Bellinger
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Numismatic otes
and
Monographs
is devoted o
essays
nd
treatises
n
sub-
jects
relating
o
coins,
paper money,
medalsand decorations nd is uniform
with
Hispanic
Notes and
Monographs
publishedby
the
Hispanic
Society
of
America,
nd with Indian Notes and
Monographs
ssued
y
the
Museum f the
Americanndian
Heye
Foundation.
Publication Committee
AgnesBaldwin
Brett,
Chairman
Stephen
H.
P.
Pell
Thomas
. Mabbott
Editorial Staff
Sydney hilip
Noe,
Editor
SawyerMcA.
Mosser,
Associate
ditor
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COPYRIGHT
939 Y
THE
MERICAN
UMISMATICOCIETY
TÄE
NTELLIGENCER
RINTINGO.
LANCASTER,
A.
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Vaticanuseum
Photograph
linari
TYCHE
OF
ANTIOCH
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8/20/2019 The eighth and ninth Dura hoards / by Alfred R. Bellinger
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THE
EIGHTH
AND
NINTH
DURA HOARDS
BY
ALFRED
R.
BELLINGER
The American
umismaticociety
BROADWAY
T 56THTREF
NEW ORK
1939
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THE EIGHTH AND NINTH
DURA
HOARDS
ByAlfred R. Bellinger
INTRODUCTION
The findsof bronze coins
which have
been
designated
oards
Eight
nd Ninewere
nearthed
at
Dura
in
1932-33. Since
they
were
not
found
simultaneouslyhey
were
given
eparate
umbers,
but t
is
certain
hat
hey
ctually
elong
ogether.
Bothwere nder he
flQor
f he
ame
oom nd the
composition
fboth s
the
ame.
In the
manuscript
catalogue t Yale their ontentsredistinguished
but here
hey
re
treated
s a
single
ody.
The
labor of
cleaning
hem
was undertaken
y
the
American umismatic
ociety,
y
Mr.
Noe
and
Mr.
Mosser
n
particular
o whose
perseverance
am
extremely
rateful.
After heir
emoval
o
New
Haven ome urtherork
was
done n
them
y
Mr.
Henry
McClintock f Yale
College
nd their
rep-
aration
or
publication
as
been
much
ssisted
y
the taff
f
theArt
School,
specially
Mrs.
Gordon
Haight, ndbyMissDorothy . Coxof theUni-
versityibrary.
The
historicalnd
economic
ignificance
f
this
material as been
analyzed
n
some detail
n the
Dura
Preliminary
eport
VII-VIII
,
pp.
391-421.
The
accompanying ap
and
chartwill
show the
general
istributionf the
pieces
which
s
closely
parallel
o thatofthe
chance inds.
The
collection
1
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2
THE EIGHTH
AND NINTH
was
apparently
egun
bout220 nd
represents
he
coins
n
normal irculation
t thetime f the
city's
fall.
The
surprising
requency
f coins
from he
Pontus, hich asalready een ommentedpon n
the
Reports,
s
explained y
the fact hat
n
their
period the
beginning
f the Third
Century)
one
of the mintswhich
sually uppliedMesopotamia
with
arge
bronzes
was in
operation,
nd the cities
of the
Pontus or he time
being
erved
he
whole
eastern imes
The
pieces
frommints
n
Greece
were
ndoubtedly
mported
y
recruits
f
Caracalla.
Otherwise
he ities
epresented
re
about
what ne
would
xpect.
Certain of the moreprominentypes invite
separate
iscussion.
Tyche
Aboutthe
beginning
f
the
third
entury
.
C.,
Eutychides
f
Sicyon
made
for
he
city
f Antioch
a
statue f
Tyche
of
gilded
ronze.1
The
goddess
wore headdress fwalls nd
towers,
hich hows
that
he was conceived ot s
a
symbol
f abstract
Fortune,
ut
as an
embodimentf the
city
tself.
Her local
significance
as further
mphasized y
herrocky eat,which epresented ountSilpius,
and
by
the
river
od
of the
Orontes,
hown
t her
feet
s a
half
figure
ith
rms
xtended
s
though
*
Pausanias,I,
2.6.
John
alaias
Ed.Dindorf).
276. An
excellent
eneral
ccountf
Tyche
as
ublished
y
F.
Allègre
underhe itle
tudeur a Déesse
recque
ychêParis,889).
Chapter
II,
"Représentations
igurées
e
Tyche"
ontainsost
of hematerial
ere
resented.
f. lso hentroductiono
B. M.
C.
Galatia,
p.
x-briind
he
rticle
Tyche"
n
Roscher's
exicon.
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DURA
HOARDS
3
swimming.
This
was
by
no means the earliest
statue
f
Tyche,
ut
t became
ery
opular
nd
n
Antioch
tselfwas used
as the
city's
evice
n the
coins, eginning ithTigranes fArmenia,3-69
B.C.2
nd
continuing
o the ast utonomous
ronze
under
Valerian,
53-257
A. D.3
Moreover,
hen
Julian
made
his celebrated
ttempt
to revive
paganism,
e had
coins ssued
from he
imperial
mint
t Antioch ith
Apollo
n
the
bversend this
figure
f
Tyche
n the
reverse,4nd,
what
s
much
more
surprising,
he
goddessreappears
n
little
bronzestruck
t Antioch
yJustin
and
Justinian
I,
527
A.
D.6
There s muchvariation f detail:on the best
known
opy
hathas come own o
us theVatican
statuette
the
right
rm is bent
upward;
more
generally
t is
extended;
he
right
andmost ften
holds
ars
of
wheat,
ut
sometimes
palm
branch
and sometimes
cornucopia.
he
general
ttitude,
however,
s
always
he
amewhen hewhole
igure
is
shown ndwe
may
e sure hat he
urretedusts
which
ppear
from
he
time f SeverusAlexander
on are derived
from he
same
statue.6
Their
2B.M.C.Seleucids,I. xvii,, .*B. M.C.Galatia,.232.
4
Cohen
III,
.
43,
No.
.
6
B.M.
C.
Byzantine
,
p.
24,
No. 0
.
6
t snot
o
asy
o
make
simple
ase orhe
urretedusts
f
earlier
ccurrence
uch
s those
t Caesarea
n
Cappadocia
nd
Laodicea-ad-Mare.
heres
no videncehat
utychides
nvented
the urreted
rowns distinctive
f he
ity
yche.
ndeedt s
much
ore
ikely
hat
e
merely
mployed
or is
roup
concep-
tion
lready
amiliar,
nd
herefore,
uch
usts,
hough
aterhan
his
tatue,
ay
ave
n
riginuitendependent
f
t.
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4
THE EIGHTH AND NINTH
identity
s made
plain
by
the
ram over
the
head,
which
ccurs n the
same
position
with
the full
figure
n
coins f
Elagabalus
nd
thereafter. . O.
Müllerconjecturedhat this was a signof the
zodiac,
ommemorating
he time
f
year
when
he
city
was
founded,
nd the
suggestion
as been
commonlydopted.7
Of course
t
is
out of the
question
hat it should have formed
part
of
Eutychides*
roup;
ts true elations shown
n the
bronzes f
Trajan
Decius and his
successors,
here
it surmountshe
tetrastyle
hrine
withinwhich
Tyche
is
seated.
Malaias
reports
hat
Trajan
erected uch shrine
or
he
tatue,
hough
e
says
nothingf the ram bove.
His
description
oes,
however,
ncludematerial
which
ur
opies
o
not.
Tyche,
e
says,
s
crowned
by
the
kings
eleucus nd
Antiochus.
Now
it
is
generallygreed
that the
kings
were no
part
of
Eutychides*riginal esign
utwere
ater
dditions,
though
o date is
assigned
o them.
Allègre,
ol-
lowing
Müller,
akes
t for
granted
hat
the
Anti-
ochus
represented
s
the son of Seleucus
Nicator.8
Malaias' words
mply
hat both monarchs
were
crowning
yche,
whichwould oubtless
e
possible,
thoughomewhatwkwardnd, think,narrange-
ment
without
arallel.
It is
reasonable o follow
7
Cf.
Cumont:rticle
Gad"
n
Pauly-Wissowa-Kroll,
cal-
Encyclopädie.
8
Rostovtzeff
uggests
ntiochushe atherf
eleucus
or
hom
the own as amed
Appian
yr. 7)
n
whichase
he
atter
woulde
he
edicant,
he ormer
he
emi-divine
igure
rowning
Tyche,
he
everse
f
he
rrangement
iscussed
elow.
his
seems
o
me
muchess
ikely.
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DURA HOARDS
5
instead
he
nalogy
ffered
y
those oins f
everus
Alexander hich
how he
Tyche
f
Antioch
eing
crowned
y
the
emperor
hile
nother
yche
f
a
differentind tands o her eft.
We
may
magine,
hen,
group
whosecentral
figure
s the
Tyche
f
Eu
ty
hideswith eleucus o
the
right, rowning
er,
whileAntiochustands
o
the
eft. But what
s the
ignificance
fthese ddi-
tional
igures
nd
by
whomwere
hey
et
up?
An
interpretation
s
afforded
y
a bas-relief
iscovered
at Dura in 1935 and
discussed
y
Rostovtzeff.9
It shows he
Gad
of
Dura
(the
Semite
ounterpart
of
Tyche)
under he form f Zeus
Olympius,
n-
throned. o hisrights Seleucus icator,dentified
by
the
Palmyrenenscription,
rowning
im;
o his
left
tands he
dedicant.
The date is A. D.
158.
It
is
astonishing
o find hefirst eleucus t
so
late
a
time,
nd the
onlypossible
xplanation
eems o
be thathe
was
the
center f
a
cult
worship
hich
outlasted he
temporal ower
f his
descendants.10
In
this
elief,herefore,
oth heGad and
Seleucus
are
to
be
regarded
s
divine,
while he
third
igure,
themortal
edicant,
oes honor o
them oth. On
this
nalogy,
n
the
group
t
Antioch,
yche
would
be crownedythedivine eleucuswhileAntiochus
would
ccupy
he
position
f dedicant. The latter
would e the
reigninging
nd
might
e
the
econd
or
third fthe
name
uite
s
easily
s
the
first.
9
nPOrONOI
ournal
f
Hellenic
tudies
V
1935),specially
pp.
4,
6.
i°
For
he
uestion
f
he eleuddultee he rticlef
ostov-
tzeffted bove.
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6 THE EIGHTH
AND NINTH
Now
nthe ime f
everus
lexanderhe
ssump-
tion fdivine
onors
y
the
iving mperor
as
so
regular
convention
hat
there s
no
difficulty
n
supposinghat he occupiesn hisgroup hesame
position
hatSeleucus
id
in
the
earlier
ne.
The
second
Tyche
wouldthen
represent
he
dedican.
Allègre
has
already
een
the
significance
f this
duplication.
Both
Tyches
tand
for he
city,
but
thefirst
s
the
permanent
nd
essential
pirit
fthe
place,
the second
n embodimentf
the citizens
actually
oncerned
n the
dedication.
This second
figure
f he
goddess,
tanding olding cornucopia,
is
of a
type equally
familiar
nd
perhaps
more
ancient hanthatofEutychides;t has beencon-
jectured
hat t
is derived rom statue
f Praxit-
eles.11
It was
evidently
sed
for
city goddesses
throughout
sia Minor
and would
have
been
instantly
nderstood
ven f therewas
no dedica-
torynscription.
he whole
roup
s
represented
ot
only
n coinsbut also
on
contemporary
ems,
ne
of which s in the collection
f
Mr.
Newell;
the
Metropolitan
useum
as
three.
There s no
way
of
elling
hether lexandernd
Tychedirectlyeplaced
eleucus nd
Antiochus,
r
whether herewas an intervalwhenEutychides'
group
was restoredo ts
original
tate.
The earlier
coins
show
Tyche
withno
accompanying
igures,
but,
fMalaias s
right,hey
till
ormed
art
f
he
group
n the ime
f
Trajan.12
t
is
likely,
owever,
11
mhoof-Blumer
nd
Gardner,
ournal
f
Hellenic
tudies
885,
p.
6.
12
y
olleague
r.
Brown
cutely
uggests,
owever,
hat
n
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DURA HOARDS
7
that Alexander's dditions
were later
removed.
Not
only
s
this
nherently
robable
n
historical
grounds,
ut the
type
f
Decius,
howing
yche
n
a tetrastylehrine hich heoccupieswith o room
for ther
igures,
eems o be
a true
picture
f
the
monument
s
it
appeared
n his
time.
It was the
Tyche
of Antiochwhich
ecame
he
pattern
or
city goddesses
n the
Mesopotamian
cities
with
whosemintswe are
here concerned.13
Edessa,Carrhae, esibi,
ingara
nd
Rhesaena
ll
show he eated
igure
nd theriver
od,
hough
he
lastnamedmakes se
of
he
other orm
f
Tyche
s
well.
But
t s not
imply
case
of nemint
opying
the typeof another. At some periods ertain
Syrian
mints
were
so
closely
onnected
hat
the
same obverse ie
could be
used
fortwo
cities,14
and a similar elation xisted
etween
Nesibi nd
Singara,
ut
therewas
no
such onnection
etween
Antioch
nd
Mesopotamia.
Rather t
is a case of
these ities
borrowing
rom ntioch
er
Tyche
to
be used
n statues
r
pictures
f their
wn,
hese
later o be
reproduced
n
the coins.
Proof f this
is found n the fresco
f the Tribune
rom ura15
where
he
Tyche
of
Palmyra
nd that
of
Dura,
so
this
ase nd hat
f
he
eliefromura e
may
aveo
dowith
a cult estored
y rajan
nd ot ne hat ad
ontinuedohis
time.
w
t
had lso n xtended
ogue
utside
f
Mesopotamia.
ist
of
he
ities
heretwas seds
given
y
C.
Bosch,
ieKlein-
asiatischen
ünzener ömischenaiserzeit
Teil
I,
Band
,
1
Hälfte,
p.
54-256.
i*
. M.C.
Galatia,
.
129,
o. 3.
16
umont,
ouilles,
is. lix-li.
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8
THE EIGHTH
AND NINTH
entitled,
ppear
n
the form f seatedwomen
with
turreted
eaddresses,
hough
he
details re
altered
to
suit
he
particular
ases.
Doubtless ll
the ities
of the district ad similar epresentationshich
showed he same
general
ndebtedness
o Antioch
and the
same minor
ariations.
For
example,
he
coins
f
Philip
rom
esibi how
Tyche
eated
n a
tetrastyle
hrine
s do those f
Decius
from
ntioch,
but,
n
the former
ase,
the ram
over
her
head
s
within he
shrine nd
therefore
art
of
the
group.
As
already
emarked,
his
wouldbe
absurd,
f
not
impossible
n
sculpture
n
the
round,
ut t
is
quite
understandablefthe
galma
fNesibiwas a
paint-
ing ra relief.Asthe llustrationsill how, here
is some
variety
n
the
tyle,
ut
greater
ifferences
between
eriods
han
betweenmints o
thatwe can
get
no
reliabledea
of he
quality
f he
originals.
In
the
descriptions
f
the
coins,
referenceso
Tyche
without urther
etails
mean the
type
of
Eutychides
hen
he
full
igure
s
shown,
he
type
with
veil and
turreted
eaddress,
hen
t is
only
bust.
It
is to
be
noted hat
the
alternate
ype
s
regularly
sed on
the
Pontic
coins
of
Septimius
Severus,
nd
Rhesaena
nd
Gabala
show
till
ther
forms.
The
Roman
ypes of
Rhesaena
In
contrast ith
he
poverty
f
subjects
f
the
other
Mesopotamian
mints
Rhesaena
presents
n
interesting
ariety
f which
he
vexillum
nd the
colonist
loughing
re
entirely
oman
n
character
while
the
complicated
cene of
the
two
Tyches
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DURA
HOARDS
9
clasping
ands
nd the
ccessoryagles
n most f
the
types
have
a
distinctly
oman ook
compared
with he
simple atterns
f
the
neighboring
ities.
Rhesaena's art nthehoards too small o ustify
more han
the reminder
f
this
dissimilarity.
specialmonograph
n Rhesaena
s
being
reparedy
Carl O. Castelin f
Prague
which
willdeal with
he
civic
ypes
t
length.
The
Pyre of Amasia
The
types
f
Amasia re
partly
f
mperial,artly
of
ocal
ignificance.
fthe
former,
he ommonest
is that which
hows wo
figures
n
togas
clasping
hands.
The most
probable xplanation
f
this
s
that t
represents
aracalla nd Geta ntheir
oint
consulship
f
205.
It
is no
valid
objection
hat
he
same scene
reappears
ated
n
the
next
year,
for
therewas
evidently
o efforto revise
he ist of
subjects
or he second
year
of the
ssue.
A
more
puzzlinghing
s
that
o far
no
example
f
his
ype
has
been
foundwith
Geta
on the
obverse.
To be
sureGeta'scoins
re not
numerousnd
this
may
be
merely
ccident,
ut
one wouldhave
expected
hat
type
o be most
particularly
ssociated
with
him.
Nevertheless,t can hardly e doubted hat the
figures
re the twobrothers.
The
standing yche
needs
no further
omment,
but here
s
a
group
f
oins
earing
he
picture
f
flaming
yre
which
eserves
ome
discussion.
t
should e
remarked
t the
beginning
hat he truc-
ture
s not
an altar
as it
is called
n
the British
Museum
atalogue,
ut
a
burning
yre
ometimes
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10 THE EIGHTH AND
NINTH
of wo
tages.
This
grees
well
with he
description
of a sacrifice
f Mithradates o
Zeus
Stratios
described
y Appian
Mithr
66)
l6
Zeus
Stratios
wasa deity fbarbarousrigin avingome ffinity
to
Ahura-Mazda nd
regarded
s
a sun
god.
The
eagle
nd
the
quadriga
which
requentlyppear
n
or bove he
pyre
resumably
efero
him. Cumont
believes
that
the
tree
or
trees
beside
the
pyre
symbolize
he sacred
grove
whichhe
supposes
o
have
surrounded
t.17
But however
ppropriate
sacred
rove
may
be
to a
temple,
t seems
oubtful
if
t
couldhave stood
bout this
pyre.
According
to
Appian's
account,
he flames
were
visible
a
thousandtades wayand it took everal aysfor
the
place
o cooloff
nough
or
eople
o
comeback
to
t.
Surely
o
trees ould ive o
become
enerable
if
they
werenear
enough
o
such
a
bonfireo be
regarded
s an
adjunct
Moreover
hetrees
f
the
coin
do not
ppear
o be
either
ine
r
oak.
Figuré
1
shows he
peculiar
orm,
ith
wisted
tems
nd
roundhead
often,
hough
ot
always,
urrounded
by
a circle
f dots which
eemto
represent
ruit.
The
tree
on
the
pyre
s
obviously
pine,
nd the
smaller hoots
o
right
nd left re
of
still
nother
kind, o thatthedie-sinker usthaveknown ow
to
differentiate.
he
appearance
f the
tree
beside
"Thiswas irst
ointed
ut
y
Cavedoni
Bull.
.
nst
1840,
pp.
0
.)
nd he
matteras
ince
een
reated
y
umonttudia
Pontica
I,
pp.
76
f.)
nd
ook
ZeusI.
2,
pp.
74
f.).
17
herere till
ine
reesn
he ite f
he
emple
f
Zeus
Stratios
t Amasiand
liny
eports
hat
enerableaks
tood
beside
he
emple
f
eus tratiost
Heraclea
Cumont
p.
it.,
pp.
74, 77,
80 .
1).
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DURA HOARDS 11
the
pyre
s muchmore hatof an olive r
possibly
a
fig.
I
confess hat cannot ffer
he
east
sug-
gestion
s to
ts
meaning
r
explain
ts
position,
ut
the heoryfthe acred rove oesnot eem o me
tenable.
There
re certain
ther ariations f
this
type,
rareor
unpublished,
f which
present
rawings
since
he
coins
hemselves
re none
oo
clear.
In
Figure
the second
tage
of the
pyre
eems o
be
separated
rom hefirst
y
a
pine
branch
in
Figure
3
the
agle
s
under
pediment
or
which o
building
can
be
seen nd
n
Figure
he
s
perched
n a
very
deadbull
Waddingtonpeaks
f
Mithraic
lements,
and one s naturallyemindedftheMithraic ull,
though
cannot
ind
hathe s ever
hown
n
such
position.
But
M.
Cumont,
hoseword
n
such
question
s
authority,
ritesme that
he
uggestion
of
Mithraisms a
mistake.
He believes
hat the
type
shouldbe
compared
with the
Cappadocian
bronzes
f
an
eagle
on a bull's head to which
he
refers n an
article entitled L'Archevêché e
Pédachtoé t
e Sacrifice
u
Faon/'18
ut
he admits
with
leasant
andor hat his
s
merely
xplaining
obscurum
er
bscurius.
igure
shows
n
astonish-
ingmodificationfthequadrigaype. The chariot
itselfs invisible
ut the
horses
or
rather
he
fore-
parts
of
the horses are
placed
one
pair
above
another.
Whether
his
s
an
individual
xperiment
in
perspective
r whetherhe
sun
god
on
occasion
drove kind f divine
tage
oach,
he
effect
s
to
i®
y
antin
931,
p.
21-529.
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12
THE EIGHTH
AND NINTH
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
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DURA
HOARDS
13
eliminatehe
deity
himself
ltogether.
t
may
be
that
only
future
xcavation
t
Amasia
tself
will
make lear
he
significance
f
these urious etails
but t hasseemedworthwhile o callattentiono
features
hich re
new.
Mention
ught
lso
to
be
made
of the hitherto
unknown
ype
of the seatedriver
od
Iris
p.
77,
No.
319)
though
t
is similar
o
others
reviously
known.
The Temples
of
Neo-Caesarea
Muchthecommonest
ype
rom eo-Caesarea
s
a
tetrastyle
emple,
nd this
apparentmonotony
may bscure hefact hat t snot single uilding
that
s
shown,
ut
a number
fdifferent
nes.
Not
only
re some onic and
someCorinthian
ut the
statues isible
etween he olumnshow
surpris-
ing
diversity.
Unfortunately
he
scale
s
so
small
and the relief
o low that
their
dentity
s
never
certain
nd
frequently
ot even
to be
guessed.
I
have ncludedn
the
atalogue
uch
onjectures
s
I
could
make. Without
ounting
oo minute
etails,
there
ppear
to
be
fifteen
eparate
anctuariesn
the
pieces
n
this
hoard.
The
happy
xcavator f
Neo-Caesareaughto findheworld's inestollec-
tion
f
tetrastyle
emples
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14
THE
EIGHTH AND
NINTH
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O
SIGNIFIES
HAT
R0NZC.OINS
F
HAT
EIGNRt
NOWNUT
HAT
ONt
CCUR
N
HU
m kiskkisixi 17 o
sfijsj
o o
o
*PHIL|P44-249 77
0_2_J._0152
O
0_0 0_0_
PECIU5 49-251 I 12 4
O O
TotaL
Ibh i 1 4 43115414I 71 slasti l 2 10I2I il il 21 il il ;
I7S6
393
S
fi
Mesopotamia
Syria
Phoenicia ypr
ClllCIA
'INCLUDING
ERUS
TO
oí
"iNCluWNC.HEoins FDomna,aracaLIanoGea struckn Severus'eign
'includingeverusAlt*
nder,
aesar.
*incLudin«
oUa
Mam
t
.
$incLuoincranquillina.
'including
tacília
ano
PhiLip
Jr.
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8/20/2019 The eighth and ninth Dura hoards / by Alfred R. Bellinger
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j|IIRI=IsI Jsl |í|ils|
li
III
Jd«|§|*|
joyfc
L
JL
í
__o o_o_o
o
i
0_L_L_2_0
o 0
/67
J__0
0_0_l_
2
_0_0
O
_0
799
O
-12
o
o
o
o O
o
455
0_0 0_0
O
o
232
O
O O
JJ_
II 21
5
ad 51
131 l ̂
JI 3^ ^lí^j j¡£l2Bg
5
?
7*5
604
iT 21
Phoenicia yprus
Pontos
Pisidia
GREECE
CiliciAappaoocia
Phrygia
TO
TOTAL
F
817
OO
5CLC0CU5
I
5CVERU3tlGN I& IMITATIONř bWANPROMNTIOCH,MCCNT&C
ZDtNARISEVERUSLeXANOCR
10
UNlDEMTtřlEO
14 tlCGiftLfc
*0
ZUT
HAT
OHECCUR
N
*U5
OARO.
ZW
GRAND
OTAL
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DURA HOARDS
15
The Catalogue
There
s
preserved
t
Yale
a
manuscript
atalogue
showingll the variations hatoccur, ut it has
seemedwiser
n
the
printed
atalogue
o list
only
such
differencess
seem to have
a
significance
greater
han
accidental,
merely
ummarizing
he
observed ariants n the
egends.
Of
course
t
is
impossible
o
be sure hat
arieties
rouped
ogether
may
not,
n
fact,
have
constituted
eparate
ssues
but t is more
ikely
hat he
error as been
n
the
direction f
giving
oo much
detail.
The
plates
have
covered,
o far as
possible,
ifferences
f
minutiaend also
differences
f
style
which
ould
notbeadequately escribed. his hasnecessitated
the llustrationf
manypieces
whose
ondition
s
far rom
atisfactory
ut whose vidence
s service-
able
fnot
delight
o
the
ye.
An
attempt
as beenmade o
arrange
he
mints
in a
geographical
rder
xpressive
f their elation
to
Dura.
The
types
re numbered
onsecutively.
Thenfollows
he
number f
pecimens
n each
type
(in
parenthesis)
nd thenthe
size
in
millimeters.
Types
llustrated
n
the
plates
re
marked
with
n
asterisk. Referenceso specimenslreadypub-lished are
given
only
n the case of
exceptional
pieces.
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16
THE
EIGHTH
AND
NINTH
EDESSA
Septimius
everus
and Abgar
VIII
195-201
The
dating
of this
series
s
discussed
n Dura
Report
VII-VII
,
pp.
399
f.
1.
(3)
23-24
mm.
CS0YH[P0C]
Headof everus
r.t
aureate.
Rev.
ABrAPOC
BACIA8TC]
Bust f
Abgar
.,
wearing
ia-
demed
iara;
efore
ace,
cep-
ter.
Elagabalus
June
,
218-March
1,
222
The
normalbverse
nscription
s AYTKMAANT-
(l)NSINOC
C8B
for A
roKpárwp
laap Máp/cos
Aôp^Xtos
Avtc
véivos
àefiaaròs]
ne
coin has KAIC in-
stead f
K,
one has
Q
instead f
CO,
wo have
I in-
stead
f
£1.
Onehasthe
nscription
YTKMAANT-
NANOCC
Sic )
Pl. I. 9.
The official ame
of
the
town s
K
oXwvla
apda
AùprjXlaAvTœviviavi)
E
ôêaaa.
The
following
orms
occur n thesehoards:KOACOMAPSASCC,OA-
ANTAVP8A6CC,MAPAVANKOSA6CC,
APKO-
ASAeCCA,
MAKAVPHKO
- -
-
AMSASCCA.
These
variations,
ike those of the
obverse,
re
certainly
ithout
ignificance
s to date or denomi-
nation.
There
s
one
coin,
however,
hich eads
MHK6A8
-
-,
the
MH
standing
or
Mqrpón-oXts.
Since the
title occurs
regularly
n the coins
of
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DURA
HOARDS
17
Severus lexander ut
not
earlier han
Elagabalus,
its ntroduction
ay
belong
o the nd of his
reign.
The
piecemay
be a
hybrid,
owever.
The
reverse
types the eatedTyche iscussedbove,pp.2-8.
2.
(2)
26-28
mm.
Bust
.,
aur.
Rev.
Tyche
.,
holding
ranch.
3.
(2)
25mm.
Bust
.,
aur.
Rev.
Tyche
.,
holding
ranch;
before
er,
laming
ltar.
4.
(2)
25mm. Head
r.,
aur.
Rev.
Tyche
.,
holding
ruit.
*5.
(3)
24-27mm.Bust
.,
radiate.
Rev. ame.
*6.
(2)
25mm.
Head
r.,
aur.
Rev.
Tyche
.,
olding
ruit;
e-
fore
er,
laming
ltar.
*7.
(1)
27
mm. Bust
.,
rad.
Rev.
Tyche
.,
olding
ruit
be-
hind
er,
ornucopia.
8.
(2)
25
mm. Bust
., aur.,
with
hield.
Rev.
Tyche
.,
olding
ruit;
e-
fore
er,
ornucopia.
*9.
(1)
25mm. Head
r.,
rad.
Rev.Tyche .,holdingarsof
corn;
efore
er,
laming
ltar.
*10.
(1)
27mm. Bust
.,
aur.
Rev.
Tyche
1.,
holding
Nike
who rowns
er.
11.
(1)
24mm. Bust
.,
aur.,
with hield.
Rev
Tyche
.;
before
er,
lam-
ing
ltar.
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18 THE EIGHTH AND
NINTH
12.
(1)
23
mm. Head
r.,
aur.
Rev
Tyche
.;
before
er,
ear-
ing
erpent.
13. (1) 25mm. Headr., ad.
Rev
Tyche
1.;
detailsuncer-
tain.
14.
(12)
24-27
mm.Bust
.,
aur.
Rev.
ame.
*15.
(3)
25-29mm.Bust
.,
ad.
Rev. ame.
With
heTitle
Metropolis
16.
(1)
23
mm.
Head
r.,
aur.
RevTyche .,holdingranch;
before
er,
laming
ltar.
Severus
Alexander,
Caesar
July
0,
221-March
1,
222
17.
(5)
23-26
mm. NAPOCKA
Bust
.,
aur.
Rev.
6A8CC
Tyche
.,
de-
tails
bscure.
*18.
(5)
24-26
mm. ANAPOCK
Bust
.,
aur.
Rev.MAKAVP6ASCC
yche
1.
before
er,
ltar.
Severus
Alexander,
Augustus
March
11,
222-March
9,
235
There re four
ssues
dentifiablender
everus
Alexanders
Augustus.
ince
hisreverse
s
Caesar
has
no
stars nd s
without he
titles
Metropolis
r
Colonia t
s
apparent
hat he
pieces
with
he ame
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DURA
HOARDS
19
reverse
B.
M
Arab.,
.
104,
No.
86)
are the
first
issued
nder
im
s
Augustus.
The second
ssue s that
with
he
itles
MetropolisandColonia It s of wo enominations:he econd,
represented
n
the
hoards,
nd the
third
y
B. M.
Arab
,
p.
109,
Nos.
113
f.
The
third
ssue
would
hen
onsist
f the
coins
with
wo
tars.
Here
gain
here retwo
denomina-
tions:
the
first nd
second.
Hill
distinguishes
series
B
M.
Arab.,
pp.
107
f.,
Nos.
102-112)
n
which he eatof
Tyche
s
regular
n
form
hile he
bust of
the
Emperor
s
slightly
earded The
reverse
nscription
egins
MHTKOA. On othersB
M.Arab., . 106,Nos.93-96) he nscriptionegins
MH
KO,
the eat
s
rregular
ndthe
eard s
not
p-
parent.
A similar
ifference
n
inscription
ppears
in the
arge
denomination,
ome
B
M.
Arab.,
p.
105,
Nos.
87-89,
2)
readMHTKO
not
KO
A)
while
others
B
M
Arab.,
.
105,
Nos.
90
f.)
have
MHKO.
It
may
be that heother haracteristics
ccompany
the
diverse
eadings,
ut
among
he
specimens
n
these oards
can
find o
distinctions. ostof
he
inscriptions
re
ncomplete,
t s
generally
mpossible
to
say
whether
he
Emperor
s
bearded
r
not,
nd
theseatofTycheexhibitso manygradationsf
regularity
hat have made no
attempt
o subdi-
vide
he
hird
ssue
n
these
rounds.
he
variation
in the obverse
nscription
akes ne
suspect
hat
variation
n
the reverse s
significant
f
nothing
more han
he
preference
f the
die-sinker.
oins
of Mamaea
with wo stars
B
M
Arab.,
p.
110,
Nos.
121-123)
re
to be
assigned
o
this
ssue.
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20 THE
EIGHTH
AND NINTH
The fourth eries ncludes he
pieces
withfour
stars f
Alexander,
lexandernd Mamaea
together
and
Mamaea
alone;
of this ssue there re two
denominations,hefirstonlyAlexanderndMam-
aea
together)
nd the econd
all
three
bverses).
The commonest
orm
f the
Emperor's
itle
s
AVTKMAV CSAASEAN
POC
CS
for
A
tokp&top
Katcrap pKos
ûprjXios
eovîqpos
A'é£avôpos
e/3a
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DURA HOARDS 21
*23.
(1)
23mm. Bust
.,
aur.
Rev.
eASCCOn
(sic)
Ty-
che
.
holding
emple
ith
edi-
ment; eforeer, ltar.
THIRD
SSUE
First enomination
*24.
(22)
30-33
mm.
Head
r.,
aur.
Rev.
Tyche
.;
before
er,
l-
tar;
n
field,
o 1. nd
r.,
ight-
pointed
tars
[In
two
cases
there re
pellets
n
the
field,
convertednto
tars
y
cratch-
es,
obviously
mpromptu].
*25. (1) 31mm. Headr.,rad.
Rev. ame.
26.
(3)
29-32mm.Bust
.,
aur.
Rev.
ame.
27.
(2)
30-33mm.Bust
1., aur.,
hield n
shoul-
der.
Rev. ame.
Second enomination
*28.
(10)
24-28
mm.Head
r.,
aur.
Rev.Tyche1., holding ruit;before
er, ltar;
nfield
o
1.
and
r.,
eight-pointed
tars.
*29.
(44)
24-28
mm.Bust
.,
aur.
Rev. ame.
30.
(3)
23-24mm.Head
r.,
aur.
Rev.
ame,
but
Tyche
holds
ears
f
corn.
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22 THE EIGHTH
AND NINTH
*31.
(3)
24-25mm.
Bust
.,
aur.
Rev. ame.
*32.
(3)
22-29
mm.
Head
r.,
rad.
Rev. ame,but Tycheholds
uncertain
bject.
33.
(19)
22-27
mm.
Bust
.,
aur.
Rev. ame.
34.
(1)
26
mm.
Head
1.,
aur.
Rev. ame.
*35.
(21)
22-28
mm.
Busti.,
aur.with
hield
nd
eagle-toppedcepter.
Rev. ame.
36.
(5)
23-26mm.Bust
1., aur.,
with
hield;
.
hand aised.
Rev. ame.
*37.
(8)
24r-27 m.Bust
.,
ad.
Rev. ame.
38.
(4)
26-27
mm.Head
r.,
aur.
Rev.
Tyche
1.,
holding
ruit;
altars
beforend
behind
er;
in
field,
o
1.
and
r.,
eight-
pointed
tars.
*39.
(3)
25-26mm.Bust
.,
aur.
Rev. ame.
40.
(2)
26-27mm.Bust
1., aur.,
with
hield
nd
eagle-toppedcepter.
Rev.
ame.
*41
(1)
26
mm. Bust
1.,
aur.,
with
hield;
.
hand aised.
Rev. ame.
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DURA
HOARDS
23
*42.
(2)
26mm.
Bust1.
rad.,
holding
cepter
.
Rev.
ame.
*43.
(1)
27mm. Bust
r.,
aur.
with
hield nd
eagle-toppedcepter.
Rev.MHTKOA6A6C
sl
ON
(sic)
Tyche
.,
holding
ars
of
corn;
ltars efore
nd
behind
her;
n field
o
1.
nd
r.,
ight-
pointed
tars.
*44.
(1)
28mm.
- -
KMAC80ANT0)N£IN19
Bust
1.,
aur.,
with hield nd
eagle-topped
cepter.
Rev
-
TKOA8A[SCC]HN(i)
[N]
Same
but
only
ne
ltar,
beforeyche.
FOURTHSSUE
Second
enomination
45.
(1)
28mm.
Bust
.f
aur.
Rev.
Tyche
.,
holding
emple
with
ediment;
efore
er,
l-
tar;
n
field,
our
ight-pointed
stars.
»
ThenscriptionAVT]KMAC£OANT(ONeiN[OCSB]wouldbe orrectoraracallandmighteusedsan rgumentors-
signing
his
oino
him,
ince e ow nowhathe itle
olonia
goes
ack
ohis ime. ut
here
re
reatbjections
he hieff
which
sthathe
everses
ndistinguishable
rom
hosessociated
withbverses
f
Alexander,
hilehisbverse
ypeppears
or im
morehan
nce.
This
ppears
obe die n
which
he
ame
"Antoninus"
as
rroneously
iven
oAlexander.imilar
iece
is
ttributed
o
lagabalus
B
M.
Arab.,
.
103,
o.
7).
They
re
connected
ithertainetradrachms
obe
discussed
n
my
orth-
coming
tudy
Syrian
etradrachms
f aracalland
Macrinus."
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24 THE EIGHTH AND NINTH
*46.
(1)
28
mm. Bust
1.,
aur.,
with hield nd
eagle-topped
cepter.
Rev. ame but above
Tyche,
Aquarius?
Severus Alexander and
Julia
Mamaea
March
11,
222-March
9,
235
The obverse
nscription
s
always
AVTKMAC-
AASEANAPOCCSBIOVAMAMSAC.
he reverses
havebeendiscussed
bove,
pp.
18-20.
FOURTH
SSUE
First enomination
*47.
(3)
30-33mm.Busts
onfronted.
Rev.Tyche .,holdingemple
with
pediment;
bove
her,
Aquarius
?);
in
field,
our
eight-pointed
tars.
Second enomination
*48.
(24)
25-27mm.
ame.
Rev.
ame.
Julia
Mamaea
March
11,
222-March
9,
235
The
obverse
nscription
s
IOVAMAM6A
6BAC-
TH. The reverses ave beendiscussedbove,pp.
18-20.
THIRDSSUE
Second
enomination
*49.
(5)
24-25
mm.Bust .
Rev.
Tyche
1.,
holding
ncer-
tain
object;
before
er, ltar;
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DURA
HOARDS 25
in
field,
.
nd
r.,
ight-pointed
stars.
FOURTHSSUE
Second enomination
50.
(2)
27-28
mm.
Bust .
Rev
Tyche
.,
holding
emple
with
ediment;
n
field,
our
eight
pointed
tars.
Gordian II and
Abgar
X
240-242
The date of these ssues s discussed n Yale
Classical
tudies
,
pp.
95-154,
where
t
is shown
that,
nder
Gordian,
he
regal
oinage recedes
he
colonial.
There
re four
enominations,
f
which
hree
re
represented
ere.
The obverse ears
he
portrait
f
Gordian
nd the
nvariable
nscription
YTOKKM-
ANTFOPAIANOCCSB
or
ÒTOKpárcop
accrap ápxos
'Avt&vios
opôuxvbsc/3a
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26
THE EIGHTH
AND
NINTH
51.
(16)
32-34mm.Head
r.,
aur.
Rev.Gordian
eated . on sella
on
suggestus
ith
ceptre,
e-
ceiving Abgar standing1.,
holding
word nd
presenting
him with
Victory
holding
wreath.
*52.
(20)
33-36mm.Bust
.,
aur.
Rev. ame.
*53.
(5)
32-34mm.Head
r.,
rad.
Rev. ame.
*54.
(10)
32-34
mm.Bust
.,
rad.
Rev
Same.
*55. (1) 33mm. Bust ., aur.
Rev.On
1.,
Gordian .
holding
globe
nd
mappa;
n
r.,
Abgar
1.,
1. hand on
sword,
n
r.,
wreath.
56.
(1)
34
mm. Bust
.,
rad.
Rev.
Same.
*57.
(1)
32mm.
Head
r.,
aur.
Rev.
Abgar iding
.
58.
(1)
33mm.
Bust
.,
rad.
Rev. ame.
59. (1) 32mm. Bust ., aur.
Rev.
Obliterated.
Second
enomination
*60.
120)
22-26
mm.
Head
r.,
aur.
Rev.Bust
f
Abgar,
.,
n
iara.
*61.
155)
22-26
mm.Bust
.,
aur.
Rev.
ame.
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DURA
HOARDS
27
*62.
(25)
23-27
mm.
Head
r.,
rad.
Rev. ame.
*03.
107)
22-27mm.
Bust
.,
ad.
RevSame.
64.
(3)
24-25mm.Bust
., aur.,
with hield.
Rev
Same.
*65.
(5)
24-25
mm.
Bust
1.,
aur.,
with hield nd
eagle-topped
ceptre.
Rev Same.
Third
enomination
*66.
(2)
20
mm.
Head
r.,
aur.
Rev. ame.
67. (2) 20mm. Headr.,rad.
Rev.
ame.
Gordian
II,
alone
242-March,
44
The obverse
ypes
nd
inscription
emain
n-
changed,
ut
hereverse owbears
bust
f
Tyche,
1.
Beforet
is a
pedestal
n which
tands statue
of
Aquarius
?).
Between ust
nd
pedestal, sually
but not
nvariably
cf.
Pl.
IV,
71)
stands little
templewithpedimentcf.Pl. IV, 69, 72) such s
appears
lsewhere
n coinsof
Edessa
e. g.
B.
M.
Arab.,
.
101,
No.
69,
Pl.
XV,
4), although
ts care-
less xecution akes
t
frequently
ook ike
flaming
altar,
s
it
s
described
n
B. M.
Arab.,
.
111.
The
inscription
s
MHTKOA£ SCCHN
ON.
These are
all of thefirst enomination
hough
lightly
maller
than
he
regal
ssue.
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28
THE EIGHTH
AND NINTH
68.
(5)
28-32mm.Head
r.,
aur.
Rev
Bust
f
Tyche,
.
*69. (96) 28-32mm.Bust ., aur.Rev. ame.
*70.
(21)
28-32
mm.
Head
r.,
ad.
Rev.
ame.
*71.
(37)
27-32
mm.Bust
.,
rad.
Rev. ame.
Tranquillina
242-March 44
Theobversenscriptions
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DURA HOARDS
29
CARRHAE
Caracalla
214-217
74.
(1)
17mm.
Inscription
bliterated. ead
r.,
aur.
Rev.CO Bust f
Tyche,
r. B. M.
Arab.,
p.
85
ff.
Gordian
II
242-March,
44
There
re two
ssues,
ach
oftwo
denominations.
The
first enomination
f
the
former
s
very
much
likeGordiani contemporaryolonial ssues from
Edessa.
The
portraits
nd theobverse
nscription,
AVTKKMANTrOPAIANOCCSB
re the
ame.
On
the reverse
very
imilar ust
of
Tyche ppears,
faced
by
the
same tatue
n a
pedestal.
Between
them
s sometimes
small ltar
Pl.
IV).
Generally
there
s
a
crescent
bove
hebust
hough
ometimes
it
s omitted.20
he reverse
nscription
sMHTPKOA-
KAPPHNCON.
The
second
denominationf this
issue
has the
sameobverses
ut,
on
the
reverse,
bust
of
Tyche,
.,
appears
etween
wo
tars.
The
inscriptions MHTKOAKAPPHNCON.
On the
econd
ssue
though
e
have
no
means f
telling
hethert
was later
n
time)
he
obverses
the
same,
but
the reverse
ype
s
replaced
y
a
crescent ithin
which
s one
eight-pointed
taron
2°
. M.
Arab.,
.
89,
Nos. 5
nd
8are
marked
crescent
obliterated
but n
many
f he oins
f
arrhae
he
rescent
as
certainly
mitted.
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30 THE
EIGHTH AND
NINTH
thefirst
enomination,
wo
n
the
econd.
On both
the
nscription
s
MHTPKOAKAPPHNCON.
FIRSTSSUE
First
enomination
*75.
(2)
27-28
mm.
Head
r.,
aur.
Rev Bust
of
Tyche,
1.;
in
front,
tatue n
pedestal.
*76.
(30)
27-31
mm.Bust
.,
aur.
Rev. ame.
77.
(2)
28-29
mm.
Head
r.,
rad.
Rev.
ame.
*78. (32) 27-30mm.Bust .,rad.
Rev. ame.
Second enomination
*79.
(2)
23
mm. Bust
.,
aur.
Rev
Bust
f
Tyche,
.
between
two
tars.
*80.
(1)
23
mm.
Bust
.,
rad.
Rev.
ame.
SECONDSSUE
First enomination
81.
(1)
28mm.
Bust
.,
aur.
Rev
Crescent,
ithin
which,
six-pointed
tar.
*82.
(6)
28
mm.
Bust
.,
rad.
Rev. ame.
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DURA
HOARDS 31
Second
enomination
*83.
(1)
21
mm.
Bust
.,
aur.
Rev
Crescent,
within
which
two ight-pointedtars.
84.
(1)
22mm.
Head
r.,
rad.
Rev.
ame.
85.
(2)
22
mm. Bust
.,
rad.
Rev.
ame.
RHESAENA
Severus Alexander
March
11,
222-March
9,
235
86. (1) 27mm. Inscriptionllegible. eadr.
Rev
Inscription
llegible.
y-
che
seated1.
Double
truck
and
obscure,
f.
B. M.
Arab.,
p.
126,
l.
XVIII,
5.
87.
(1)
26
mm.
Inscription
llegible.
Head or
bust .
Rev.
HCAINH
Tyche
eated
1.,
holding
agle,
cf.
B
M.
Arab.
p.
126,
os.
-8.
Struck
over head
of
Elagabalus,
.
(possibly M.Arab., . 125,
No.
4).
Trajan
Decius
October,
49-May,
51
There re three
arieties
f
the obverse
nscrip-
tion:
AVTKrM£KVA£KIOCTPAIANOCCSB
Aôro-
Kpárcopaîarap
alos
M¿
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32
THE
EIGHTH
AND
NINTH
Se/fcwr
ós),
AVTKAirAIM£CKVTPAA6KI0CC£B,
and
AVTKrM£KVTPAA£KIOCC£B
he first wo
used
n
the
econd
enomination,
he
hird,
hichs
merelyn abbreviationf the econd, sedon the
third
enomination.
have
conjectured
Hoards
I,
II,
p.
40)
that the form
which
eads "Decius
Traianus"
precedes
that with the usual
order
"Traianus
Decius,"
nd
consequently
here ivide
them
nto two
ssues,
hough
hismustbe under-
stood
s
a
mere
ossibility
The reverse
nscription
s
generally
£IIKOAPH-
CAINHCICONLIIIP
JlevTi/xla
oXo la
Prjaaivr¡al(av
Legio
II
Parthica)
hough
n oneofour
pieces
No.
94)the itle Colonia" somitted. t is noticeable
in
the
BritishMuseum ollectionhatthisomission
always
ccompanies
he second bverse
nscription
(
B
M.
Arab.,
p.
128
f.,
Nos.
16-21,
7)
which
have
consideredo
be
later hanthe
first,
ut the
absence
f "Colonia" cannot e taken s an
indica-
tion of date for the
title
occurs under Severus
Alexander
ibid.,
.
cx,
n.
2).
FIRST
SSUE
Second enomination
*88. (2) 26-27mm.Bust .,rad.
Rev.
Founder
loughing
.
with
yoke
f
oxen;
he holds
agle-
headed
cepter
n
1.; above,
spread
agle,
head
1.,
wreath
in
beak;
in
ex.,
river
od
r.
B. M.
Arab.,
.
127,
Nos.
10-
14.
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DURA
HOARDS
33
*89.
(1)
25
mm.
Bust
.f
ad.
Rev
Tyche
eated
1.
with
r.
hand extended
ver
lighted
altar;bove,preadagle, ead
1.,
wreath
n
beak.
Cf.
B,
M,
Arab
, p.
129,
No.
27,
but
ob-
verse
nscription
s that
of
Nos.22-25.
*90.
(1)
26mm.
Bust
.,
rad.
Rev.
Two
Tyches
clasping
hands;
etween
hem
ltar
of
caryatid
supporting
lab;
above,
agle,
ead
.,
wreath
n
beak;
o
1.,
Aquarius
?)
r.
on
column;o r.,Sagittarius.;
in
ex.,
half-figure
f
river
od
swimming
.
B. M.
Arab
, p.
130,
No. 28.
*91.
(1)
26
mm.
Bust
.,
ad.
Rev Two
Tyches
clasping
hands;
between
hem,
ltar;
above,
agle,
ead
.,
wreath
n
beak;
to
1.
Aquarius
?)
r.
(without
olumn);
o
r.,
agit-
tarius
.;
in
ex.,
half-figure
f
river
od
wimming
. cf.
B.
M.Arab., . 130,No.29.
92.
(1)
26mm.
Bust
.,
rad.
Rev
Two
Tyches
clasping
hands;
between
hem,
ltar;
above,
agle,
ead
.,
wreath
n
beak;
to 1.
Aquarius
?)
r.
on
column;to
r.,
Sagittarius,
.];
in
ex.,
half
igure
f
river
od
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34 THE
EIGHTH
AND NINTH
swimming
.
cf.
B.
M.
Arab.,
p.
130,
No. 30.
SECONDSSUE
Second enomination
93.
(1)
27mm. Bust
.,
ad.
Rev
Founder
loughing
.with
yoke
of
oxen;
he holds
n
1.
eagle-headed
cepter;
bove,
eagle
1.
with losed
wings
n
palm
branch,
reath
n
beak;
in
ex.,
wreath
between
alm
branches]
.
M.
Arab.,
.
127,
No. 15.
94.
(3)
26
mm.
Bust
.,
rad.
Rev.
Tyche
seated
1.;
above
her,
agle,
.,
wreath
n
beak.
B. M.
Arab.,
.
129,
No. 27.
95.
(1)
24
mm.
Inscription
llegible.
Bust
1.,
rad.
Rev.Obliterated.
Third enomination
*96. (1) 22mm. Bust .,rad.
Rev.
Two
busts f
Tyche
on-
fronted;
bove,
spread
agle,
r.; below,
ltar. B.
M.
Arab.,
p.
131,
Nos.
33,
34.
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DURA
HOARDS
35
NESI BI
Severus Alexander
March11,222-March 9,235
As in
the case of
Edessa,
the
nscriptions
how
considerable
ariation nder
Alexanderwith
no
discernible
ignificance.
he
usual
form
n
the
obverses
AVTKAIM
PAVCAASEANPOCC
from
which
have
noted he
ollowing
eviations:
V and
AVTO
for
AVT,
K
and KA
for
KAI,
M for
MAP,
A
for
AV,
CS
for
,
C6B
for
. The aureate
eads re
of
better
tyle
nd
may
be
earlier.
The
reverse
nscription,
SIIKOAONSCIBIMHT
(ScTTt/zfoíóXovlasic)NiaißiM^rpóxoXtsaries nly
in sometimes
eading
MH,
MHTP or
MHTPO for
M
HT.
The bust f
Tyche
s
sometimes
ccompanied
by
one
star,
ometimes
y
two
and sometimes
y
two and
an
ear of
corn.
I have
recorded hese
varieties
hich
eem
o
be more
han
agaries
f
he
die-sinker;
ut f
they
re
separate
ssues here s
nothing
n
the
appearance
f the coins o
suggest
their rder.
*97.
100)
26-30mm.Head
r.,
aur.
Rev.
Bust f
Tyche, .;above,ram, .; in field., tar.
*98.
(31)
27-28mm.
Bust
.,
aur.
Rev.
ame.
*99.
(22)
26-29mm.Head
r.,
rad.
Rev.
ame.
*100.
(1)
28
mm. Head
1.,
aur.
Rev. ame.
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36
THE
EIGHTH AND NINTH
*101.
(80)
26-29
mm.Head
r.,
aur.
Rev.
ame
ype;
n
field,
. nd
r.,
tars.
102. (5) 26mm. Bust ., aur.
Rev. ame.
103.
(14)
27-28mm.Head
r.,
ad.
Rev. ame.
*104.
(6)
27-29
mm.
Head
r.,
aur.
Rev. ame
ype;
nfield
.,
tar;
r.,
tar nd
ar
f
orn.
105.
(12)
26-29
mm.
Head
r.,
rad.
Rev
Same.
106.
(1)
27
mm.
Bust
.,
rad.
Rev. ame.
107.
142)
26-29mm.
Head
r.,
aur.
Rev.
ame
ype; ymbols
lleg-
ible.
108.
(7)
27
mm.
Bust
.,
aur.
Rev.
ame.
109.
(15)
27-29
mm.Head
r.f
ad.
Rev.
ame.
110.
(1)
27
mm.
Bust
.f
ad.
Rev.
ame.
Severus Alexander andJulia Mamaea
March
11,
222-March
9,
235
On none
of
our coins
s
the
obverse
nscription
complete.
t
certainly
ontained
he
names
f
both
Emperor
nd
Empress,
nd n
the aseof
he
ormer,
probably
howed
ariations
lready
amiliar.The
reversesre those f
Alexander.
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DURA
HOARDS
37
111.
(7)
26-29
mm.Busts
f
Alexanders,
aur.,
nd
Mamaea
.,
onfronted.
Rev. ame
ype;
n
field,
.
nd
r., tars.
112.
(5)
27-28mm.
imilar,
ut Alexander
ad.;
Mamaeawith rescent
ehind
shoulders.
Rev.
ame.
*113.
(6)
27-29
mm.
imilar,
ut
Alexander
aur.;
Mamaea
without
rescent.
Rev. ame
type;
in field
1.,
star; .,
tar ndear
of
orn.
*114.
(1)
29
mm.
Similar,
ut Alexander
ad.;
Mamaeawith rescentehind
shoulders.
Rev.
ame.
Julia
Mamaea
March
11,
222-March
9,
235
The
obverse
nscription
s
always
O
V MAMSA
CSBACTH.
The
bust
without he
crescents of
better
tyle
nd
may
be
earlier.
The reverses
re
those f
Alexander.
*115. (23) 27-28mm.Bust .
Rev. ame
ype;
n
field
.,
tar.
*116.
(27)
26-28mm.
Bust . on
crescent.
Rev.
ame.
117.
(6)
26-30
mm.
ame.
Rev
Same
ype;
n
field,
. nd
r.,
tars.
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38
THE EIGHTH
AND
NINTH
*118.
(6)
27-29mm. ame.
Rev
Same
type;
in
field
1.,
star;
. star nd ar
f orn.
Gordian
II
242-March,
44
These
coinsmust
ome after he
reconquest
f
this
erritory
romhe
Persiansn
242.
The obverse
is
AVTOKKMANTrOPAIANOCCS
r
CSB
the
re-
verse eilKOAONeCIBIMHT
withKOA sometimes
for
KOAO and
MH,
MHTP
or
MHTPO
forMHT.
The denomination
s
always
the
second,
he
first
being
eserved
or he
coinsof Gordian nd
Tran-
quillina ogether.
*119.
(20)
25-28
mm.Head
.,
aur.
Rev Bust f
Tyche,
.; above,
ram .
120.
(13)
26-29mm.Bust
.,
aur.
Rev.
ame.
*121.
(14)
25-27mm.Head
r.,
rad.
Rev. ame.
*122.
(9)
24-27mm.Head
1.,
aur.
Rev
Same.
Gordian II andTranquillina
242-March,
44
*123.
(2)
30
mm. AVTOKKMANTrOPAIAN-
ON CABTPANKVAAINAN-
C£B Busts
onfronted.
Rev. CSIIKOAONSCIBIM-
HTPO
Tyche
eated
.; bove,
ram .
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DURA HOARDS 39
Philip,
Sr.
247-October,
49
The BritishMuseumdoes not attempt o dis-
tinguish
etween
hilip
r.
and
PhilipJr.
n
these
issues,
ut
he
division ere
made
eems o be borne
out
by
the
portraits.
he obverse
nscription
for
both)
s
invariably
VTOKKM 0YAII IIÏÏIOC-
C£B
(A
ùroKp&Tùìpmcap
M&picos
IoóXtos
ScjSaorós).
ince his
s tfie ormula
sed
n
Antioch
with etradrachms
f
Philip's
hird nd fourth on-
sulship
248,
49)
nd ince
hilip r.
lways ppears
at Nesibi
s
Augustus
247
according
o
Liebenam)
I assume hat all these ssues omefrom
he
ast
years
fthe
reign,
ertainly
otbefore4 .21
The reverse
nscription
or both
Philips
and
Otacilia
is
IOVCSIIKOAQNeCIBIMHT
showing
that
Philip
had
given
his name o the
colony
and
incidentally
eformedts
spelling).
The
only
aria-
tion
s
in
the case
of
No.
128where he
final is
omitted.
*124.
(11)
25-29mm.
Bust
.,
aur.
Rev.
Tetrastyleemple
within
which
Tyche
seated
facing;
aboveherhead, am .;at her
feet,
iver
od
.
*125.
(2)
25-27
mm.
Bust
1.,
aur.with
hield.
Rev
Same
*126.
(16)
25-27mm.Bust
.,
ad.
Rev
Same.
»
cf.
oards
, I,
pp.
0
.
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40 THE
EIGHTH
AND NINTH
Otacília
247-October,
49
*127. (14) 25-28mm.Bust .oncrescent.
Rev
Same.
128.
(1)
27
mm. Same.
Rev.
imilar,
ut
without
iver
god.
Philip
Jr.
247-October,
49
*129.
(4)
25-27mm.Bust
.,
aur.
Rev. ame s
No.
124.
*130.
(29)
24-27mm.
Bust
.,
ad.
Rev. ame.
SINGARA
Gordian
II
242-March,
44
The
city
f
Singara
ssued
money
nly
uring
he
last
years
fGordian
II.
As the
asternmost
int
in
Mesopotamia
t
represents
he
full
xtent
f
his
campaign gainst
he Persians
nd there s little
doubt hat hese oinswere hieflyntendedo make
clear he
Emperor's
ontrol f the whole
egion
o
recently econquered.
But it
is
unlikely
hat
the
striking
was
actually
done on
the
spot.
The
extreme
imilarity
etween he oins f
Singara
nd
those fNesibi s
proof
hat he
amehands utthe
dies,
nd
the
dentity
f
tyle
s
strikingly
llustrated
by
themules f
No.
139
where second
bverse
s
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DURA
HOARDS
41
used
by
mistake
or
a
reverse.
They
are
here
attributed
o
Singara
nly
n the
ground
hat here
are
more
f
Gordiani
coins
from
ingara
n
this
hoard han rom esibi uttheres nopossible ay
of
telling
where
hey
were
upposed
o circulate.
It
may
be that he
dieswere
ut n Nesibi
nd
sent
to
Singara,
ut
it seems
more
probable
hat the
pieces
were
ctually
mintedn theformer
own.
Gordiani
obverse
nscription
s
exactly
he ame
as
at Nesibi.
The
reverse
ype
differs
nly
n
the
substitution
f
Sagittarius
or he
ram
ver
Tyche's
head.
Thereverse
nscription
s AVP C£IIKOACIN-
TAPA.
The title
A
ůprjXla
resumably
efers
o
MarcusAureliusrLuciusVerus.
*131.
39)
24-29
mm.
Bust
.,
aur.
Rev.Bust
f
Tyche,
.;
above,
Sagittarius,
.
*132.
39)
25-28mm.
Head
r.f
ad.
Rev. ame.
*133.
(7)
25-27mm.Bust
.,
ad.
Rev
Same.
*134.
(9)
25-28mm.
Bust
.,
aur.
Rev
Same.
*135. (7) 25-27mm.Bust ., ad.
Rev. ame.
Tranquillina
242-October,
44
*136.
(13)
25-28
mm.
CABTPAN
VAAINAC6B
Bust .
Rev. ame.
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42 THE
EIGHTH
AND
NINTH
Gordian
II and
Tranquillina
242-October,
44
Here,as at Nesibi, he Emperornd Empress
together
ppear
on
the first
enomination.
he
obverse
nscription
s the
ame.
*137.
(37)
30-33mm.Busts
onfronted,
ordianaur.
Rev.
Tyche
seated
1., above,
Saggitarius
.
*138.
(2)