The Egyptian and Nubian Empires

The Egyptian and Nubian EmpiresChapter 4:1

Vocabulary WordsHyksos: A group of nomadic invaders from Southwest Asia who ruled Egypt from 1640 to 1570 B.C.New Kingdom: The Period of ancient Egyptian history that followed the overthrow of the Hyksos rulers, lasting from 1570-1075 B.C.Nubia: A region of African that straddled the upper Nile River. Kush: An ancient Nubian Kingdom whose rulers controlled Egypt between 200) and 1000 B.C.Meroe: Center of the Kush dynast from about 250 B.C. through 150 A.D.

Understanding Connotations: The Word EmpireEmpire: Brings together several people or states under the control of one ruler.Make a list of movies, quotations or other contexts in which you have heard the word Empire.

What thoughts or connotations are a associated with the word Empire?

What makes an Empire good or bad?

Nomadic Invaders Rule EgyptHyksos: Invaders from Southwestern Asia take control of Egypt from 1640-1570 B.C.Hebrews Migrate to Egypt: Abraham and his family came to the land of Canaan1600 B.C. Egyptians drive out Hyksos rulers: Hebrews were force into slavery

Hebrews Cross Canaan

The New Kingdom of EgyptNew Kingdom: Era Egyptian Pharaohs from 1570-1075 B.C. Used Bronze Weapons, charioteers, archers foot soldiers Hatshepsut: Women Pharaoh, ruled while stepson was too young to ruleThutmose III pushed the empire into the African Kingdom of Nubia

The New Kingdom of Egypt: An Age of BuildersPharaohs of New Kingdom erected Grand BuildingsTemple of Amon-Re, Valley of the Kings

The Egyptian Empire DeclinesInvasions by Sea: Sea People invade Egyptians. May have been the Philistines

Tribes in Palestine and Libya raided Egyptian outposts.

Egypt Never recovered from the invasions!!!Kingdom of Kush: Nubians take control of Egypt

The Kushites Conquer the Nile Region Nubian Kingdom of KushNubia lays in the Middle of AfricaTradersCultural Diffusion with Egypt: Learned Egyptian language, Gods, Clothing, Social CustomsKing Piankhi: Overthrew LibyansShort Lived, Assyrians conquered Egypt

The Golden Age of MeroeKushites moved south to MeroeWealth of Kush: Natural Resources helped with tradeLarger amounts of RainfallLarge developments of Iron Weapons and tools

Decline of Meroe: Other African kingdoms began to peck at the Kushite kingdomThe Golden Age of Meroe

Main Idea QuestionsHow did the New Kingdom of Egypt Become so Powerful and Wealthy?

What cultural Aspects of Egyptian civilizations did the Kushites adopt?

Why was Kush able to thrive after losing Egypt to the Assyrians? The Assyrian EmpireChapter 4: 2

Vocabulary WordsAssyria: Southwest Asian kingdom that controlled a large empire from about 850 to 612 B.C.Sennacherib: Assyrian King who defeated 89 Cities 820 Villages and burned Babylon (one of the most important ancient cities) to the ground. Killed everyone!Nebuchadnezzar: Chaldean King who restored the ancient City of Babylon to glory. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon (One of Seven Wonders of The Ancient World)

A MIGHTY MILITARY MACHINEFrom the Northern Part of MesopotamiaTerritory was easily invaded (flat, no natural barriers) Constantly FightingDeveloped into battle hardened society due to all the constant fightingEmpire stretched from Banks of the Northern Tigris River all the way to Central EgyptSennacherib

A Might Military Machine: ContOrganized MilitarySociety Glorified MilitaryDeveloped Ironworking technology (Weapons)Soldiers in Stiff leather armorCopper Helmets

Planned Military Conquests in Advance: Pontoons for rivers, bridgesBefore attacking Assyrians dug out city walls to weaken themWaves of arrowsBattering rams (Lord of the Rings)No Mercy!!!!! Killed or enslavedAssyrian Military Pictures

The Assyrian Empire: Map

The Empire ExpandsAt the peak of the Assyrian Empire the Assyrians controlled lands ranging from Mesopotamia, southern Anatolia and into the Nile River ValleyConquered People: Refusal to pay equaled exile, destroyed cities or death

Assyrian CultureGreat reputations as warriors and as buildersNineveh: Assyrias Capital along the Tigris River. Three miles long by One mile wide!!!!King Ashurbanipal: Collected 20,000 clay tablets for the library at Nineveh Government: A system of Governors who reported to a central authorityEpic of Gilgamesh

The Empire CrumblesPower spread too thinMany enemies because of their crueltyArmies of the Medes and the Chaldeans burned Nineveh to the ground (Clay tablets hardened in the fire)

Rebirth of Babylon Under the ChaldeansChaldean King: NebuchadnezzarHanging GardensOne of Seven Wonders of the Ancient WorldTerraces 75ft above the ground7 tier Ziggurat 300ft highAstronomers studied changes in the night sky

Main Idea Questions: PG 98What methods did the Assyrians use when they attack enemy cities?

What contributions to government administration and culture did the Assyrians make?

Why did the people in the region rejoice when the Assyrian Empire was defeated?

The Persian EmpireChapter 4:322Vocabulary: 3 Key Vocabulary WordsCyrus: Persian King who united Persia. He conquered neighboring Kingdoms. He was known for his methods of governing Cyrus prevented his generals and soldiers from destroying conquered lands and he honored local customs and religions. (Jews back to homeland and forever thankful)Satrap: A governor of a province in the Persian EmpireZoroaster: A Persian Prophet who taught that the earth is a battleground where a great struggle between the spirit of good and the spirit of evil. Each person is expected to take part in this struggle. The Rise of PersiaPersians based their empire on tolerance and diplomacy (opposite of the Assyrians)Present day IranOriginally Indo-Europeans who migrated southBetter Natural Resources: Copper, lead, gold, silver, etcDozen of mini KingdomsCyrus the Great Unites The Persian Empire in 550 B.C.The Persian Empire

Cyrus the GreatEmpire totaled over 2,000 milesMilitary Genius Cyruss most enduring legacy was his method of Governing. His kindness toward conquered peoples revealed a wise and tolerant view of Empire.Soldiers could not destroy or burn conquered citiesHonored local customs and religionsJews returned to homeland (Thankful for Cyrus)Cyrus the Great

Persian RuleCyruss son Cambyses expanded empire into Egypt but was not respectful to Egyptian ReligionCaused wide spread rebellionsCambyses successor Darius stabilized the empire Former member of the Ten Thousand Immortal soldiersExpanded empire into India Indus River ValleyEmpire now 2,500 miles long!! 28Persian Rule GovernmentRuling in far away landsSet up regional governments (Roughly similar to the homelands of the different groups)Satraps: A governor who ruled locallyZoroastrianism A Persian Prophet Zoroaster taught that the earth is a battle ground for the spirit of good and evil. We each have to play a part in the battle between good and evil.Cultural Diffusion: Judgment day, people have free will to choose good or evil. Construction Projects Under DariusRoyal RoadTurkey---IranIncreasedTravel, trade, money, transportation of goods/materials, TRADE, Cultural Diffusion, Communication6-7 DaysRest stopsHorse Exchange

Canal from Mediterranean Sea to Red Sea

Main Idea QuestionsHow did Cyrus treat the people he conquered?

What methods and tools did Darius use to hold together his empire?

What did Zoroaster teach? What similarities does it share with other Major ReligionsThe Unification of ChinaChapter 4:4

Chapter Vocabulary: Section 4Confucius: Ancient Chinese Philosopher who believed in 5 basic principles and filial pietyFilial Piety: Respect Shown by children for their parentsBureaucracy: A system of departments and agencies formed to carry out the work of the governmentDaoism: A philosophy based on the ideas of the Chinese thinking Laozi, who taught that people should be guided by a universal force called the DaoLegalism: A Chinese political philosophy based on the idea that a highly efficient and powerful government is the key to social order.Ying and Yang: In Chinese thought, the two powers that govern the natural rhythms of life.Autocracy: A government in which the ruler has unlimited power and uses it in an arbitrary mannerI Ching: A Chinese book of oracles, consulted to answer ethical and practical problemsQin Dynasty: A short lived Chinese dynasty that replaced the Zhou Dynasty in the third century B.C.Confucius and the Social OrderEnd of Zhou Dynasty signaled the end of Chinese values of social order, harmony, respect for authority

Confucius: Chinas most influential scholarDeep desire to restore social order to ChinaBelieved that that social order, harmony and good government could be restored in China if society organized itself around 5 basic Relationships

5 Basic RelationshipsRuler and SubjectFather and SonHusband and WifeOlder Brother and younger BrotherFriend and Friend

Three of Confuciuss relationships were based on the FamilyFilial Piety: Respect for their parents and ancestors. Confucius

Confucius In Government/Beliefs Appointed to Minister of JusticeCrime ended overnightEducation could transform a humbly born person into a gentleman What does he mean?Bureaucracy: A system of departments and agencies formed to carry out the work of the governmentEducation was key to advancing in government

Confucianism: IS NOT A RELIGIONRepeat with Mr. Erickson

Confucianism was never a religion, but it was an ethical system, a system based on what is Right and what is Wrong!!Other Ethical Systems: DaosimDaoismDaoists Seek Harmony with NatureChinese Thinker named Laozi Book: Dao De Jing (The Way of Virtue) Universal Force called the Dao, meaning the way guides all things. Only humans fail to follow the Dao.

Legalists Urge Harsh Rule: LegalismLegalismFounded by: Hanfeizi and Li SiCompletely different from Daoism and ConfucianismHighly efficient and powerful government was key to restoring order in societyGovernment should use the law to end civil disorder and restore harmony. Believe in controlling ideas as well as actionsWhy?

Chinese Ethical SystemConfucianismDaoismLegalismSocial order, harmony and good government should be base on family relationshipsThe natural order is more important than the social orderA highly efficient and powerful government is the key to social orderRespect for parents and elders is important to a well-ordered societyA universal force guides all thingsPunishments are useful to maintain social orderEducation is important both to the welfare of the individual and to the society Human beings should live simply and in harmony with natureThinkers and their ideas should strictly be controlled by the government American Society ?Hippies ?School ?I ChingChinese also turned to other practices for finding answers to lifes questionsBook of Oracles: I Ching or Yi JingReaders used the book by throwing a set of coins, and interpreting the results, and then reading the appropriate oracle or prediction.Offered good advice and simple common senseYing and YangTwo Powers that together represented the natural rhythm of lifeYin: Cold, dark, soft and mysteriousYang: Warm bright, hard and clear

The Qin Dynasty Unifies ChinaQin Dynasty replaces the Zhou Dynasty (Legalist Empire)After 20 years of ruling Qin assumed the name Shi Huangdi First EmperorPut down fighting throughout China, both invaders and civil disobedienceMoved 120,000 noble families China: Now 36 DistrictsMurdered thousands of Confucian Scholars

The Qin Dynasty Unifies ChinaShi Huangdi established an Autocracy: a government that has unlimited power and uses it in an arbitrary mannerCentralizationBuilt 4,000 miles of roadsSet standards for writing, law, currency, weight and measuresIrrigation projectsHarsh Taxes and repressive governmentGreat Wall of ChinaForced scholars to work on Great Wall of ChinaClose gaps in preexisting walls to discourage attacks by northern nomadsWork on Wall or Die!!!

Main Idea QuestionsHow did Confucius believe that social order, harmony and good government, could be restored in China?

What did the Legalist see as the key to restoring order?

What measures did Shi Huangdi take to crush political opposition at home?