THE EGG IN TH E BOTTLE

A Science Investigatory Project Presented to the Science faculty

Corpus Christi Parochial Schoolof iligan Corpus Christi Village

ILIGAN CITY

In Partial Fulfillment in the requirementsFor the course in Science IV

(PHYSICS)

HANNAH MAE J. OROCAYMERSON C. GUMABAY

RACHEL S. MEDROZO

March 2011

APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course in Science IV (Physics), this

investigatory project entitled “The Egg in the Bottle” prepared by Hannah Mae J. Orocay,

Merson C. Gumabay Jr., Rachel S. Medrozo is hereby recommended for approval.

__________________ ___________________

Date Adviser

Approved by the oral Examining Committee with a grade of ____________

_______________ ________________

PANEL MEMBER PANEL MEMBER

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course in Science

IV (Physics).

MS. INOCENSIA L. TAPIC

______________________

Principal

_____________________

AKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their heartfelt gratitude to the fallowing people who helped us in our investigatory project successful.

To our almighty God, who provide knowledge and give us strength and determination to build successful study like this.

To our beloved family, who guide and give us all effort to support this project.

To our Physics teacher. Sir Lowell Gabunillas, for his correction and guidance for this research paper.

To our beloved classmates, for their cooperation and encouragement. To everyone who is willing to give us advices and make our project successful.

I. INTRODUCTION……………………………………...............................................1

About the Project………………………………................................................1

Theoretical or Scientific Background of thStudy.......................................

Statement of the problem……………………….............................................

Null Hypothesis…………………………………………………...................2

Scope and Limitation of the project……………………………………….....2

Definition of Terms……………………………………………………….…2

II.REVIEW OF RELATED LITRATURE………………………………………… ...3

III. METHODOLOGY……………………………………………………………..…4

Material and Instruments………………………................................................4

Procedure………………………………………................................................4

IV.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS………………………………………….…...5

Results…………………………………………………....................................5

Discussions……………………………………………………………….….5

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………6

Recommendation………………………………………………………………6

V.BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………7

CHAPTER I

I.INTRODUCTION:

A. About the project

Egg in a bottle is an interesting demonstration of how atmospheric pressure will

push an egg into a bottle. It is a great science demonstration which you can do at home, school,

and laboratory. It helps students to see the fascinating result of gas expansion by heat and a

corresponding increase in exerted pressure inside a common bottle which has a hole smaller than

an egg.

B. theoritetical or scientific background

Air pressure is the weight of force of the atmosphere at any particular point. It is easy to feel

the force of air when one is standing in the wind. It is not easy; though, to realize that all air,

even when very still, has weight and pushes against everything around it. Realizing this is more

difficult because air is a gas and it is invisible. Its particles or molecules are not as dense or

closely paced, as are the particles which make up the ground. However, air does have weight just

as does water and rock. In closed system, air pressure may be reduced to a near vacuum or

increased by a compression.

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C. Statement of the problem

Will the difference in air pressure inside and outside the bottle enough to push the egg

into the bottle?

D. Null Hypothesis

The difference in air pressure inside and outside the bottle is enough to push the egg into

the bottle.

E. Scope and limitation of the problem

The setting of this activity can be done in school laboratory or within the classroom with

an adult supervision. Attempting to this activity over a rug or similar objects are not advisable.

Flammable objects should be kept out of the distance, like longhairs should be tied at the back.

F. Significance of the study

The reason of this study is to illustrate or show the importance and role of the

atmospheric pressure in our environment. It gives knowledge on how it behaves in a particular

set up of the environment

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G. Definition of terms

1. Atmospheric pressure (noun) - the pressure exerted by the atmosphere.

2. Air pressure (noun) – also known as atmospheric pressure refers to the weight of the earth’s

atmosphere pressing down on everything of the surface.

3. Gas expansion (noun) – the dynamics of bodies moving relative to gases.

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Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

This chapter presents the related literature and the uses of atmospheric pressure which has

caused the egg to be sucked inside the bottle.

Atmospheric pressure is one of the most influential aspects of life and its

surroundings.The air surrounding our planet produces atmospheric pressure. The pressure is

lesser and the air is thinner as you take flight in an aircraft or as you move up into mountaintops.

Atmospheric pressure is gauged utilizing an apparatus termed as a barometer. A falling barometer

signifies lessening air pressure and a rising barometer signifies mounting air pressure.

Air pressure is used all the time when we breathe. When our diaphragm moves down, air

is pushed into our lungs from the outside, expanding the volume of the chest cavity. The

diaphragm doesn’t “pull” air in; it expands the volume of our lungs, and the air pressure fills the

volume.

The atmospheric pressure helps in inflating tires, playing musical “wind” instruments,

drinking through straws, flushing toilets, watering lawns with hose or sprinkler, drawing from

wells, blowing up balloons, operating barometers, maintaining body shape especially around the

abdomen, and breathing

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BOILING POINT

The boiling point of an element or a substance is the temperature at which the vapor

pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid. A liquid in

a vacuum environment has a lower boiling point than when the liquid is at atmospheric pressure.

A liquid in a high pressure environment has a higher boiling point than when the liquid is at

atmospheric pressure. In other words, the boiling point of a liquid varies dependent upon the

surrounding environmental pressure (which tends to vary with elevation). Different liquids (at a

given pressure) boil at different temperatures.

The normal boiling point (also called the atmospheric boiling point or the atmospheric

pressure boiling point) of a liquid is the special case in which the vapor pressure of the liquid

equals the defined atmospheric pressure at sea level, 1 atmosphere. At that temperature, the

vapor pressure of the liquid becomes sufficient to overcome atmospheric pressure and lift the

liquid to form bubbles inside the bulk of the liquid. The standard boiling point is now (as of

1982) defined by IUPAC as the temperature at which boiling occurs under a pressure of 1 bar.

The heat of vaporization is the amount of energy required to convert or vaporize a saturated

liquid (i.e., a liquid at its boiling point) into a vapor. Liquids may change to a vapor at

temperatures below their boiling points through the process of evaporation. Evaporation is a

surface phenomenon in which molecules located near the liquid's edge, not contained by enough

liquid pressure on that side, escape into the surroundings as vapor. On the other hand, boiling is a

process in which molecules anywhere in the liquid escape, resulting in the formation of vapor

bubbles within the liquid.

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PRACTICAL USES OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENT

The measurement of ambient air pressure is carried out in many applications throughout research

and industry.

The most well known use is as a barometer for weather monitoring but there are a number

of other measurements that incorporate barometric pressure as well, some of the most common

are explained below.

Meteorology

There are many measurements made to monitor weather conditions at a particular location but

the measurement of barometric pressure has to be the most important since it can be used as an

indication of general conditions: 

• High Pressure - Clear skies with very warm temperatures in the Summer and very cold

temperatures in the Winter.

• Low Pressure - Cloudy skies with milder temperatures in Summer and Winter.

A significant change in barometric pressure can also predict the likelihood of precipitation since

it maybe because of cold or warm front passing through.

For meteorological purposes the measured pressure is always adjusted to its equivalent

value at mean sea level height so that all readings at any location can be compared to a common

datum altitude.

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Gas Analysis

The accurate concentration of a discreet chemical that is present in a sample of mixed gas

is dependent on a few physical parameters, one of which is the atmospheric pressure.

A gas analyzer will typically indicate the presence of a chemical by measuring the

strength of the signal returned by the gas sensor.  To more accurately determine the concentration

of the chemical, other secondary measurements are necessary; one of these is an air density

correction which can be determined from the measurement of ambient pressure, temperature and

humidity.   The higher the pressure of the air sample is, the lower the corresponding

concentration of the chemical will be, given that all other measured parameters are constant

Water Level Measurement

If using hydrostatic pressure to monitor water depth or level the reading needs to be

compensated for the atmospheric air pressing down on the water surface.  One way to do this is

to feed a vent path from the reverse side of the pressure sensing diaphragm to the water surface

so that the reading is compensated automatically and continuously.

In some applications it is not possible to provide a vent path, in these cases the surface air

pressure will need to be measured independently via a barometer at set intervals or approximated

at the location of water level sensor via a regional meteorological service.

Altimetry

Surrounding air pressure is generated by the pull of gravity on the air molecules that exist

in the Earth's atmosphere.   If the altitude is increased, the air pressure will reduce due the

reduced pull of Earth's gravity the further away it is measured from the surface of the Earth.  The

relationship between air pressure and height is defined by the Barometric formula.

This method of altitude measurement is used extensively in aviation and all aircraft

include an altimeter instrument in the cockpit which uses this measurement technique.

Altitude measurement is one of the required parameters for testing aircraft components

and is carried out on the ground inside environmental or climatic test chambers and during flight

tests, since many internal parts of an aircraft are exposed to outside air pressure. 

Relative Humidity

The percentage of moisture in the air is measured by calculating the relative humidity

which is defined as the proportion of water vapor partial pressure to the saturated vapor pressure

of air.  The point at which the air is saturated is called the dew point and the relative humidity at

this point is always 100%.  Any change in air pressure or temperature will have a direct effect on

the relative humidity.   If the temperature is maintained at a constant value, a lowering of air

pressure will increase the relative humidity.

Interferometry

Laser Michelson interferometers are used for measuring length extremely precisely to calibrate

machine tools and other devices which must measure length very accurately.   The interference

fringe pattern generated by the inferometer is directly related to the wavelength of the laser light

source used.  Since laser light is monochromatic with a very narrow spread in wavelength it is

possible to produce a length measurement scale of a very high precision.

The wavelength of light will vary depending on the type and density of medium it is radiating

through, therefore the measurement precision of a laser interferometer is affected by the changes

in laser wavelength due to air density variation.  As part of the air density calculation, the

changes in ambient air pressure are constantly monitored to aid the wavelength correction

Engine Inlet Pressure

The performance of a combustion engines are affected by changes in barometric

pressure.  This is because the power that an engine delivers is dependent on the amount of

air/fuel mixture being injected into the engine's combustion chamber.  If the air density or

pressure increases, more fuel can be mixed with the air and therefore more power can be

generated by the engine.

This is why engine performance is reduced at higher altitudes which have a relatively lower air

pressure and why turbo charged engines which pressurize the inlet air generate more power.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

A. Materials and methodology

The experiment was conducted using Gatorade bottle, a hardboiled egg, small pieces

of paper, and matches.

B. Procedure

Day 1 January 6, 2011 12:00pm Hannah’s house

The researchers went to look for materials that were needed in the project. They

looked for an empty bottle while they boiled the egg in a pan.

STEP 1:

Remove the shell from the egg. Set the egg on the mouth of the bottle to see that the egg

does not fit through the mouth.

STEP 2:

Fold the small pieces of paper in to a strip that can be dropped into the bottle, about 1 cm

by 8 cm.

STEP 3:

Light the match and use it to ignite the folded strip of paper. Remove the egg from the

mouth of the bottle and drop the burning strip of paper into the bottle. Before the fire goes out,

set the egg back onto the mouth of the bottle. Within a few seconds the egg will squeeze through

the mouth and into the bottle.

Chapter IV

A. Results

HEAT OUTSIDEAIR PRESSURE INSIDE AIR PRESSURE

LOW HEAT LESS AIR PRESSURE LESS AIR PRESSURE

MEDIUM HEAT INCREASE

AIRPRESSURE

MINIMUM

AIRPRESSURE

HIGH HEAT GREATER AIR

PRESSURE

MAXIMUM AIRP

RESSURE

B. Discussions

According the data recorded in the table above. The burning paper c auses the air inside

of the bottle to heat up and expand. Some of the original air is forced out of the bottle before the

egg is placed on top. Before the egg is placed on top the air pressure is the same inside and

outside of the bottle. When the egg seals the top of the bottle, the flame goes out and the gases on

the inside of the bottle begin to cool. The cooler molecules of gas move less rapidly, causing

fewer collisions of the gas molecules, which results in less air pressure. However, the air

pressure remains the same on the outside of the bottle. This causes the air pressure on the outside

of the bottle (which has a greater pressure than the inside of the bottle) to push the egg through

the tiny opening and into the bottle.

C. Conclusion

Therefore the study is true. The experiment was done effectively. If paper burns inside it

creates heat in the bottle. The air will expand causing a vacuum knowing that the egg has loose

molecules and it’s softer compared to the bottle. The egg will surely occupy the vacuums space

inside. The egg is sucked instantly as oxygen is consumed by the flame.

D. Recommendation

Recommend to reapply the study into a different setup. It could be in a bigger bottle or a

bigger egg or a different atmospheric pressure to further evaluate how vacuums change

depending on the environment.

Bibliography

<Reeko’s Mad Scientist Lab

<www.spatech soft.com

<www.slinkcity.com

<www.ehmhurst.com

<www.sciencefaireadventure.com