The Effect of Various Carbohydrate Sources Utilized in a Double Chamber

Microbial Fuel Cell

Julie PaonePeriod 3

http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/bioenergy/mfc_make_cell.htm

• Alternate energy • Efficiency and economically priced• Wastewater has 9.3 more energy in it than what’s being used to treat it. • Microbial Fuel Cellhttp://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/web_presentations/MFC-MECs-Bruce-Logan-1-2-08.pdf

Need

Knowledge BaseAny organic material can create electricity

• Two step process– Removal of electrons from

organic matter (oxidation)– Giving the electrons to

something that will accept them (reduction)(oxygen)

• The electrons flow to cathode and join with protons

• Voltage and current

Logan, 2009

http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/publications/2009-Logan-NatRevMicrobiol.pdf

Electrogenesis

• Process of converting food into energy

• Respiratory enzymes ATP

• Terminal electron acceptor (TEA)

• Exogenously

http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v4/n7/fig_tab/nrmicro1442_F2.html

Carbon Sources

• Food Source (substrate)• Yeast extract, galactose, glucose,

lactose, maltose, fructose, sucrose, and starch

http://www.diabetes-support.com/Articles/understanding-diabetic-diet.htm

Glucose

http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/ChemScience/Volume/2008/04/Edible_electricity.asp

•C6H12O6

•used as an energy source in most

organisms, from bacteria to humans

Fructose

• Simple monosaccharide

• Isomer of glucose

(C6H12O6)

• Different structure

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fructose

Sucrose

• Disaccharide (glucose and fructose)

• C12H22O11

• Table sugar

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Sucrose_3Dprojection.png

Lactose

• Disaccharide

(galactose and glucose fragments)

• Sugar in milk

• C12H22O11

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactose

Starch

• large number of glucose units joined

together

• Most important carbohydrate in the human

diet

• C6H10O5

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starch

Construction

• Efficiency• Cost• Materials

Literature Review 1

• Effect of carbon sources as the substrate• Micrococcus luteus• 11 carbon sources tested (yeast extract, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose,

mannitol, mannose, sorbitol, fructose, sucrose, and starch)• Double chamber with PEM

(Choi, et al. 2007)

Literature Review 2 (Logan, 2005)

Electricity Generation from cystenine in a microbial fuel cell

• Cystenine (substrate)• Double chamber MFC with

PEM• Tested to see if alone it could

act as a food source• Efficiency achieved is

comparable to other substrates

Literature Review 3

• • In one equation, 1 molecule of glucose provides a maximum of

24 electrons.Bennetto, 1990

http://ww

w.ncbe.reading.ac.uk/ncbe/m

aterials/MIC

RO

BIO

LOG

Y/P

DF/bennetto.pdf

Literature Review 4

• Rhodopseudomonas palustris DX-1

• Cell voltage and current were used to calculate the power density (P=I/V).

Xing, 2008

http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/publications/2008-Xing-etal-ES&T.pdf

Purpose• To determine whether a monosaccharide or

disaccharide food source significantly affects the amount of voltage produced by e. coli in a Microbial Fuel Cell.

• The null hypothesis states that the type of food source will not significantly affect the voltage produced by bacteria.

• The alternate hypothesis states that the type of food source has a significant affect on the amount of voltage produced.

Hypothesis

Methodology

Budget

Total So Far: $61.53

*the carbon cloth will be the most expensive

Do ability

• Experiment was done last year

• Most materials are familiar

• Background in culturing

• Data collection was previously done

• Materials are accessible

http://ww

w.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/bioenergy/m

fc_make_cell.htm

Bibliography • Choi, Youngjin, Eunkyoung Jung, Hyunjoo Park, Seunho Jung, Sunghyun Kim, Effect of Initial Carbon Sources on the

Performance of a Microbial Fuel Cell Containing Environmental Microorganism Micrococcus luteus. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc, Vol. 28, No. 9, 2007 Pp. 1591-1594

• Bennetto, H. P., Electricity generation by microorganisms, National Centre for Biotechnology Education. Vol. 1, No.4, 1990 Pp. 163-168

• Liu, Hong, Grot, Stephen, Logan, Bruce E., Electrochemically Assisted Microbial Production of Hydrogen from Acetate, Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 39, 2005 Pp. 4317-4320

• Logan, Bruce E. Exoelectrogenic bacteria that power microbial fuel cells. Nature Reviews, Microbiology, Vol. 7, May 2009 Pp. 375-381

• Logan, Bruce E., Cassandro Murano, Keith Scott, Neil D. Gray, Ian M. Head, Electricity Generation from Cystenine in a Microbial Fuel Cell, Water Research, 2005 Pp. 942-952

• Logan, B.E., Microbial Fuel Cells, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hobeken, New Jersey, 2008. • Macdonald, Averil and Berry, Martyn, Science through Hydrogen: Clean Energy for the Future, Heliocentris energiesysteme,

2004. Pp. 74, 80

• Melis, Anastasios, Green Alga Hydrogen production: progress, challenges and prospects. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.

• Xing, Defeng, Zuo, Yi, Cheng, Shaoan, Regan, John M., Logan, Bruce E. Electricity Generation by Rhodopseudomonas palustris DX-1, Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 42, No. 11, 2008 Pp. 4146-4145