The Effect of Various Carbohydrate Sources Utilized in a Double Chamber

Microbial Fuel Cell

Julie Paone

Period 0-1

http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/bioenergy/mfc_make_cell.htm

• Alternate energy • Efficiency and economically priced• Wastewater has 9.3 more energy in it than what’s being used to treat it. • Microbial Fuel Cellhttp://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/web_presentations/MFC-MECs-Bruce-Logan-1-2-08.pdf

Need

Knowledge BaseAny organic material can create electricity

• Two step process– Removal of electrons from

organic matter (oxidation)

– Giving the electrons to something that will accept them (reduction)(oxygen)

• The electrons flow to cathode and join with protons

• Voltage and current

Logan, 2009

http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/publications/2009-Logan-NatRevMicrobiol.pdf

Electrogenesis

• Process of converting food into energy

• Respiratory enzymes ATP

• Terminal electron acceptor (TEA)

• Exogenously

http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v4/n7/fig_tab/nrmicro1442_F2.html

Carbon Sources

• Food Source (substrate)• glucose, fructose, sucrose,

lactose, and starch

http://www.diabetes-support.com/Articles/understanding-diabetic-diet.htm

Glucose

http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/ChemScience/Volume/2008/04/Edible_electricity.asp

•C6H12O6

•used as an energy source in most

organisms, from bacteria to humans

Fructose

• Simple monosaccharide

• Isomer of glucose (C6H12O6)

• Different structure

Sucrose

• Disaccharide (glucose and fructose)

• C12H22O11

• Table sugar

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Sucrose_3Dprojection.png

Lactose

• Disaccharide

(galactose and glucose fragments)

• Sugar in milk

• C12H22O11

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactose

Starch

• large number of glucose units joined together

• Most important carbohydrate in the human diet

• C6H10O5

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starch

Construction • Efficiency

• Cost

• Materials

Anode (carbon rod)

Salt Bridge(PVC Pipe)

Cathode (carbon rod)

Solution (E. coli, food source, methlyene blue)Plastic Bottle

(Carolina)

Solution (Potassium Ferricyanide)

Literature Review 1

• Effect of carbon sources as the substrate

• Micrococcus luteus

• 11 carbon sources tested (yeast extract, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose, mannitol, mannose, sorbitol, fructose, sucrose, and starch)

• Double chamber with PEM

(Choi, et al. 2007)

http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/journal_publications.htm

Literature Review 2 (Logan, 2005)

Electricity Generation from cystenine in a microbial fuel cell

• Cystenine (substrate)• Double chamber MFC with

PEM• Tested to see if alone it could

act as a food source• Efficiency achieved is

comparable to other substrates

http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/journal_publications.htm

Literature Review 3

• • In one equation, 1 molecule of glucose provides a maximum of

24 electrons.Bennetto, 1990

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Literature Review 4

• Rhodopseudomonas palustris DX-1

• Cell voltage and current were used to calculate the power density (P=I/V)

• Increase in anode surface increases the performance

Xing, 2008

http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/publications/2008-Xing-etal-ES&T.pdf

Purpose

• To determine whether a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide food source significantly affects the amount of voltage produced by E. coli in a Microbial Fuel Cell.

• The null hypothesis states that the type of food source will not significantly affect the voltage produced by bacteria.

• The alternate hypothesis states that the type of food source has a significant affect on the amount of voltage produced.

Hypothesis

Methodology

Budget

Do ability

• Experiment was done last year

• Most materials are familiar

• Background in culturing

• Data collection was previously done

• Materials are accessible

http://ww

w.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/bioenergy/m

fc_make_cell.htm

Bibliography • Choi, Youngjin, Eunkyoung Jung, Hyunjoo Park, Seunho Jung, Sunghyun Kim, Effect of Initial Carbon Sources on the

Performance of a Microbial Fuel Cell Containing Environmental Microorganism Micrococcus luteus. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc, Vol. 28, No. 9, 2007 Pp. 1591-1594

• Bennetto, H. P., Electricity generation by microorganisms, National Centre for Biotechnology Education. Vol. 1, No.4, 1990 Pp. 163-168

• Liu, Hong, Grot, Stephen, Logan, Bruce E., Electrochemically Assisted Microbial Production of Hydrogen from Acetate, Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 39, 2005 Pp. 4317-4320

• Logan, Bruce E. Exoelectrogenic bacteria that power microbial fuel cells. Nature Reviews, Microbiology, Vol. 7, May 2009 Pp. 375-381

• Logan, Bruce E., Cassandro Murano, Keith Scott, Neil D. Gray, Ian M. Head, Electricity Generation from Cystenine in a Microbial Fuel Cell, Water Research, 2005 Pp. 942-952

• Logan, B.E., Microbial Fuel Cells, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hobeken, New Jersey, 2008.

 • Macdonald, Averil and Berry, Martyn, Science through Hydrogen: Clean Energy for the Future, Heliocentris

energiesysteme, 2004. Pp. 74, 80

• Melis, Anastasios, Green Alga Hydrogen production: progress, challenges and prospects. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.

• Xing, Defeng, Zuo, Yi, Cheng, Shaoan, Regan, John M., Logan, Bruce E. Electricity Generation by Rhodopseudomonas palustris DX-1, Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 42, No. 11, 2008 Pp. 4146-4145