The Economic Impact of Franchised Businesses: Volume IV, 2016 · 2019-12-16 · The Economic Impact of Franchised Businesses: Volume IV, 2016 E-2 Franchised Businesses in States and

www.pwc.com/us/nes

The Economic Impact of Franchised Businesses: Volume IV, 2016

Prepared for

IFA Education and Research Foundation

The Economic Impact of Franchised Businesses: Volume IV, 2016 September 15, 2016



Table of Contents

PART I

Executive Summary E-1

Extended Summary of Results I-1

National Views I-14

State View I-22

Appendix - Methodology I-134

PART II

Congressional District Views II-1


Part I


E-1

The Economic Impact of Franchised Businesses

Volume IV

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Background—In February of 2011, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC) released Volume III of The Economic Impact of Franchised Businesses, which provided measures of the total economic impact of franchised businesses in the United States for 2007. That report used data from the 2007 Economic Census and other sources to highlight the importance of franchising to the U.S. economy.

This report provides updated estimates of the total economic impact of franchised businesses for the year 2016, using more recent data from the Economic Census and other data sources. The estimates provided below pertain to the U.S. economy and the economies of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The body of this report also provides detail at the Congressional District-level.

What Happens in Franchised Businesses—Franchised businesses (including business format and product distribution franchises) operated over 801,000 establishments in the United States in 2016, counting both establishments owned by franchisees and franchisors. These establishments represented 2.3 percent of all nonfarm business establishments in the United States. Franchised businesses directly provided nearly 9.0 million jobs, met a $351 billion payroll, produced $868 billion of output, and added over $541 billion of gross domestic product (“GDP”). Franchised businesses directly accounted for 5.6 percent of all private nonfarm jobs, 3.8 percent of all private nonfarm payroll, 2.8 percent of all private nonfarm output, and 3.4 percent of private nonfarm GDP in 2016. Franchised businesses directly provided a greater number of jobs in 2016 than all manufacturers of durable goods, such as computers, cars, trucks, planes, communications equipment, primary metals, wood products, and instruments.

What Happens Because of Franchised Businesses—The economic impact of franchising goes beyond activities in franchised businesses, because franchises purchase products and services from non-franchise suppliers, and franchise owners and workers spend income earned from franchising on personal purchases. As a result of these spillover effects, in 2016, franchising directly and indirectly accounted for 16.1 million private nonfarm jobs (10.1 percent of all private nonfarm jobs) and $0.7 trillion of private nonfarm payroll (7.7 percent of all private nonfarm payroll), $2.1 trillion of private nonfarm output (6.8 percent of all private nonfarm output), and $1.2 trillion of private nonfarm GDP (7.4 percent of all private nonfarm GDP).

Business Format and Product Distribution Franchising—Business format franchises sell the franchisor's product or service, with the franchisor's trademark, and operate the business according to a system provided by the franchisor. Product distribution franchises sell the franchisor's products and are supplier-dealer relationships. Business format franchising is more prevalent than product distribution franchising, accounting for almost 11 times as many establishments and more than five times as many jobs in 2016. Franchisees owned most (88 percent) of the establishments that operated under a business format franchise. Among business format franchises, Quick Service Restaurants accounted for more establishments, jobs, and payroll and produced greater output and value-added than any other single line of business in 2016. Among product distribution franchises, Automotive and Truck Dealers provided the most jobs and greatest payroll.


E-2

Franchised Businesses in States and Congressional Districts—Franchised businesses operate in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and in every congressional district. Jobs in franchised businesses were greatest in California, Texas, and Florida in 2016. Payroll, output, and contribution to GDP of franchised businesses were also greatest in California, Texas, and Florida. Relative to the size of the statewide economy, franchising had the greatest impact on jobs in Kentucky, North Carolina, and Tennessee. Franchising accounted for the largest share of payroll in Florida and North Carolina and the largest share of GDP in Florida and Tennessee.


I-1


Volume IV

Extended Summary of Estimates for 2016

A. Background to the Study

Introduction

This is a study of the economic impact of franchising in the United States. More particularly, it is a study of the economic activity generated by and because of franchisors and franchisees who are engaged in business format franchising and product distribution franchising.

This report supplements national-level data compiled by the U.S. Census Bureau and other sources in order to provide a more complete picture of franchising in the United States for 2016. In particular, the data were supplemented by including (1) estimates of franchising activities in additional industries not covered by the Census, (2) businesses without paid employees (so-called “nonemployers”),1 (3) additional economic variables, and (4) estimates of the additional economic activity generated by franchised businesses through their purchases of goods and services (indirect impact) and through the personal purchases of their owners and employees (induced impacts). Results were forecast for 2016. The national-level results were allocated to the state and congressional district levels.

The report consists almost entirely of tables of estimates of economic impact. In all there are 547 tables: five relating to the U.S. economy [Views US(1)-US(5)] and 106 relating to the economies of the states and the District of Columbia [Views S(1)-S(106)] and 436 relating to congressional districts and the District of Columbia [Views CD(1)-CD(436)]. The rest of the report consists of text—an Executive Summary, this Extended Summary of the Results, and an Appendix that describes the data sources and methodology used.

The International Franchise Association Education and Research Foundation commissioned the National Economics & Statistics practice of PwC to perform the study.

Objectives

Activities in franchised businesses.—The first objective of this report is to estimate the amount of economic activity that occurs in franchised businesses. We measure the—

Number of establishments An establishment is a single physical location at which business is conducted or services or industrial operations are performed. A business may consist of more than one establishment. An establishment may be owned by the franchisor or the franchisee.

Number of jobs Jobs are positions filled by part-time and full-time employees or by self-employed individuals.

1 Nonemployers primarily consist of self-employed individuals operating small unincorporated businesses and other independent contractors.


I-2

Annual payroll Payroll includes not only wages and salaries, but also commissions, vacation and sick-leave pay, fringe benefits, and all other forms of compensation, including employer contributions for employee pension and insurance funds and government social insurance. Payroll also includes proprietor’s income for self-employed individuals and partnerships.

Annual output The output of a franchised business line is the gross value of goods and services it produces. It is a concept that is comparable to sales for most industries. In government input-output accounts, the output of goods-producing industries is measured by the value of shipments. For most other industries, output is measured by receipts or revenues from goods and services sold. A special case is the output of the wholesale and retail industries, which is measured generally as the difference between receipts or revenues and the cost of goods sold--this difference is referred to as "margin."2

Gross Domestic Product (“GDP”) The contribution to GDP (also known as value added) of a franchised business line is the gross value of goods and services it produces less its expenditures on intermediate inputs. GDP can also be measured as the sum of compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports, and gross operating surplus, less subsidies.

We measure these economic quantities—

For the United States, aggregating all franchised businesses in the nation Separately for each state and the District of Columbia, aggregating all franchised businesses in a

state Separately for each congressional district, aggregating all franchised businesses in a congressional

district

Activities occurring because of franchised businesses.—The second objective of this report is to estimate the amount of economic activity that occurs because of franchised businesses. Franchised businesses purchase products and services from other businesses, which add more jobs in order to fill the orders from franchised businesses. Likewise, the employees and owners of franchised businesses and their suppliers spend their incomes on products and services from other businesses, which in turn results in more jobs and make larger payrolls.

In describing the amount of economic activity that occurs because of franchised businesses we combine activity in franchised businesses with additional activities in other businesses that occurs as a result of franchised businesses. For example, if producing $1,000 of output of a franchised business requires $700 of output in other businesses, we report that $1,700 of output occurs because of franchised businesses. (In other economic studies the $1,000 is sometimes called the “direct output impact,” the $700 is called the “indirect output impact” or “spillover effect,” and the $1,700 is called the “total output impact.”)

Including direct and indirect effects, we estimate the—

Number of jobs filled because of franchised businesses Size of payrolls met because of franchised businesses

2 Several franchising lines of businesses (Automobile & Truck Dealers, Gasoline Service Stations without Convenience Stores, and Retail Food) are pure retailers. Two other lines (Automotive and Retail Products & Services) partly belong to the wholesale and retail industries.


I-3

Value of output produced because of franchised businesses Total contribution to GDP made because of franchised businesses

We report these economic quantities—

For the United States, and Separately for each state and the District of Columbia Separately for each congressional district

Detail by business model, line of business, and ownership.—The other objectives of this report are to—

Differentiate the economic contributions of companies that follow the product distribution franchise model from those that follow the business format franchise model.

Differentiate, among business format franchises, the contributions of franchisor-owned establishments and franchisee-owned establishments.

Estimate economic activity in franchised businesses operating in 13 lines of business. Table 1 on page I-5, below, lists the 13 lines of business. A detailed crosswalk that links lines of business with codes in the North American Industrial Classification System is in the Appendix.

Methodology

Data processing required.—To derive the statistics in this report we have combined and processed data from several different sources.

Measuring activity in franchised businesses.—We use three databases that contain different types of economic information about business establishments in every industry and every county of the country:

The Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), produced by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Nonemployer Statistics (NES), produced by the U.S. Bureau of the Census The IMPLAN Model (IMPLAN)

Used together, these databases provide a systematic, comprehensive, and detailed accounting of establishments, jobs, payroll, output, and GDP. However, they do not identify which establishments are franchised businesses and which are not. Therefore we merge the databases with four other sources that indicate franchising activity—namely,

The 2012 Economic Census, produced by the U.S. Bureau of the Census The 2012 Survey of Business Owners, produced by the U.S. Bureau of the Census Dun & Bradstreet’s Marketing Database Franchise Disclosure Document information compiled by FRANdata

We use the latest version of each government data source available (2015 for QCEW and 2014 for NES), forecasted through 2016 using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. We first develop national-level estimates by franchised business line and then allocate these estimates across the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Our technical procedures are described in greater detail in the Appendix to this report.

Measuring activity occurring because of franchised businesses.—We used the IMPLAN economic modeling system to estimate the additional economic activity that occurs outside of franchised businesses because of the economic activity that occurs in franchised businesses. IMPLAN is a well-


I-4

known tool of its kind and shares the same fundamental modeling framework as the Regional Input-Output Modeling System developed by the U.S. Department of Commerce.

IMPLAN is built around an “input-output” table which shows the purchases that each industry has made from other industries in past years. When economic activity occurs in a franchised business, purchases are made in other industries according to the patterns recorded in the input-output table. These purchases in turn trigger still more purchases, and so on. Meanwhile, employees and business owners make personal purchases out of the additional income that is generated by this process, sending additional demand rippling through the input-output table. The model provides a consistent framework to trace such spillover effects and to estimate the jobs, payroll, output, and contribution to GDP that occurs throughout the economy because of franchised businesses.

Note on Comparability with Previous Estimates.— In February 2004, PwC released Volume I of The Economic Impact of Franchised Businesses, which provided measures of the total economic impact of franchised businesses in the United States using data for the year 2001. That report used data from County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics, Dun & Bradstreet’s MarketPlace, and the IMPLAN model to estimate the economic activity directly and indirectly attributable to franchised businesses. Volume II of the study, released in January 2008, used the same data sources and methodology to estimate the total economic impact of franchised businesses for the year 2005. Volume III, which provided estimates for 2007, relied on data from the 2007 Economic Census Franchise Report, which was published for the first time in 2007. Due to major changes in the underlying data sets and methodologies used in this report, the estimates contained in this report are not comparable to previous volumes of the study. In particular, as described in the appendix, the current estimates supplement the Economic Census data by incorporating more recent data and information from the QCEW, Nonemployer Statistics, FRANdata, and D&B. Furthermore, the current study uses revised business line definitions that remove some industries included in the earlier studies. It was determined that these industries were unlikely to have a significant number of franchised business establishments.


I-5

Table 1. – Lines of Business

Business Format Franchising

1. Automotive Includes motor vehicle parts and supply stores, tire dealers, automotive equipment rental and leasing, and automotive repair and maintenance

2. Commercial and Residential Services Includes residential remodelers, special trade contractors, facilities support services, services to buildings and dwellings, and waste management and remediation services

3. Quick Service Restaurants Includes limited-service eating places, cafeterias, fast-food restaurants, beverage bars, ice cream parlors, pizza delivery establishments, carryout sandwich shops, and carryout service shops with on-premises baking of donuts, cookies, and bagels

4. Table/Full Service Restaurants

5. Retail Food Includes food and beverage stores, convenience stores (with or without a gas station), food service contractors, caterers, retail bakeries, and beer, wine, and liquor stores

6. Lodging Includes hotels, motels, and other accommodations

7. Real Estate Includes real estate agents and brokers, lessors of self-storage units, property management and other related activities

8. Retail Products and Services Includes furniture and home furnishings stores, electronics and appliance stores, building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers, health and personal care stores, clothing and general merchandise stores, florists and gift stores, consumer goods rentals, photographic services, and book and music stores

9. Business Services Includes printing, business transportation, data processing services, insurance agencies and brokerages, office administrative services, employment services, investigation and security services, tax preparation and payroll services, and heavy equipment leasing

10. Personal Services Includes educational services, home health care, entertainment and recreation, personal and laundry services, veterinary services, loan brokers, and personal transportation

Product Distribution Franchising

11. Automotive and Truck Dealers 12. Gasoline Service Stations without Convenience Stores 13. Beverage Bottling

Includes soft drink and bottled water manufacturing, beer and ale wholesalers


I-6

B. Franchising in the United States in 2016: Measures of Economic Significance

< Detailed estimates for this section are in Views US(1) – US(5) >

Economic Activity In Franchised Businesses

There were an estimated 801,153 establishments in business format and product distribution franchise systems in the United States in 2016. [View US(1)] These businesses directly—

Provided nearly 9.0 million jobs Met an annual payroll of $351.1 billion Produced output worth $868.1 billion Contributed $541.1 billion to GDP

These businesses accounted for 2.3 percent of all U.S. nonfarm business establishments. Their economic activity accounted for—

5.6 percent of all private nonfarm jobs 3.8 percent of all private nonfarm payrolls 2.8 percent of all private nonfarm output 3.4 percent of all private nonfarm GDP

As a point of reference, franchised businesses are estimated to provide about the same number of jobs in the United States in 2016 as the real estate and rental and leasing industry and a greater number of jobs than manufacturers of durable goods.3

Looking at other points of reference, franchised businesses are estimated to provide more jobs in 2016 than the following industries: wholesale trade; transportation and warehousing; nondurable goods manufacturing; and information (including software and print publishing, motion pictures and videos, radio and television broadcasting, and telecommunications carriers and resellers). Of the sectors shown below, only finance and insurance provided more jobs than franchised businesses (see Table 2).

Table 2. – Estimated Jobs by Selected Economic Sector in 2016

Financial and insurance 10,191,600 Franchised businesses 8,968,000 Real estate and rental and leasing 8,461,900 Durable goods manufacturing 8,181,800 Wholesale trade 6,554,900 Transportation and warehousing 6,537,700 Nondurable goods manufacturing 4,963,600 Information 3,363,300

Source: PwC projections of data from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis for sectors other than franchised businesses.

3 Durable goods include computers, engines and other industrial equipment and machinery; communications, lighting and other electronic equipment; cars, trucks, planes, and other transportation equipment; hardware, stampings, and other fabricated metal products; basic steel and other primary metals; lumber and wood products; medical, controlling, and other instruments; furniture and fixtures; and stone, clay, and glass products.


I-7

Economic Activity Because of Franchised Businesses

The economic significance of franchising is greater than indicated by the activity in franchised businesses alone, because activities in many non-franchised businesses occur as a result of franchised businesses. [View US(2)] Counting economic results both inside and outside of franchising, franchised businesses in the United States were responsible for an estimated—

16.1 million private nonfarm jobs, or 10.1 percent of the total $723.2 billion of private nonfarm payroll, or 7.7 percent of the total $2.1 trillion of private nonfarm output, or 6.8 percent of the total $1.2 trillion of private nonfarm GDP, or 7.4 percent of the total

The ratios of activity caused by franchised businesses to activity in franchised businesses (i.e., the “multipliers”) are 1.79 for jobs, 2.06 for payroll, 2.40 for output, and 2.21 for GDP. To use a very round approximation, economic activity in franchised businesses stimulates about an equal amount of additional activity in non-franchised businesses.

Business Model and Lines of Business

Overview.—Comparing business format to product distribution franchising in 2016 [View US(3)] —

Nearly 11 times as many establishments operated under the business format model Business format franchising provided more than five times as many jobs Business format franchising generated more than three times the payroll Business format franchising produced nearly four times as much output Business format franchising contributed three times as much to GDP

Business format franchising was the model used by 732,842 establishments (2.1 percent of all business establishments). These establishments provided 7.6 million jobs (4.8 percent of all private nonfarm jobs), $269.9 billion in payroll (2.9 percent of the total), $674.3 billion of output (2.2 percent of the total), and $404.6 billion of GDP in 2016 (2.5 percent of the total).

Product distribution franchising was the model used by 68,311 establishments (0.2 percent of all business establishments), which provided 1.3 million jobs (0.8 percent of all private nonfarm jobs), $81.2 billion in payroll (0.9 percent of the total), $193.7 billion of output (0.6 percent of the total), and $136.5 billion of GDP in 2016 (0.8 percent of the total).

Taking the broader view and including economic activity that exists because of business format franchised businesses, 13.3 million private nonfarm jobs were provided, $565.8 billion in private nonfarm payroll was paid out, $1.6 trillion of private nonfarm output was produced, and $925.9 billion of private nonfarm GDP was generated. Likewise, because of product distribution franchises, 2.8 million private nonfarm jobs were provided, $157.4 billion in private nonfarm payroll was paid out, $437.6 billion of private nonfarm output was produced, and $269.7 billion of private nonfarm GDP was generated.


I-8

Business Format Franchising.—Business format franchising is economically significant in ten lines of business – Quick Service Restaurants, Table/Full Service Restaurants, Business Services, Lodging, Personal Services, Food Retail, Retails Products and Services, Commercial and Residential Services, Real Estate, and Automotive. View US(4) provides estimates of economic activity in franchised businesses in each of the ten business format lines of business, sorted by direct jobs.

Quick Service Restaurants provided more establishments, jobs, and payroll and generated more output and contributed more to GDP than any other single line of business (45.5 percent of all jobs in business format franchises – see Figure 1); followed by Table/Full Service Restaurants (12.9 percent of all jobs in business format franchises) and Business Services (8.2 percent of all jobs in business format franchises).

Figure 1. Distribution of Jobs in Business Format Franchises, 2016

Quick Service restaurants accounted for 30.5 percent of all GDP produced in business format franchises (see Figure 2); followed by Business Services (14.5 percent of all GDP in business format franchises), Lodging (10.9 percent of all GDP in business format franchises), and Real Estate (9.4 percent of all GDP in business format franchises).

Quick Service Restaurants

45.5%

Table/Full Service Restaurants

12.9%

Business Services8.2%

Lodging8.0%

Personal Services6.1%

Food Retail6.0%

Retail Products & Services

4.4%

Commercial & Residential Services

3.2%

Real Estate3.2%

Automotive2.5%


I-9

Figure 2. Distribution of GDP in Business Format Franchises, 2016

Judged by the ratio of franchised establishments to all establishments in a line of business,

franchising was the most significant contributor in Quick Service Restaurants (53.1 percent), Lodging (21.1 percent), Table/Full Service Restaurants (10.7 percent), and Retail Food (7.8 percent).

The same four lines were also at the top when comparing the ratio of jobs in franchised businesses to jobs in all companies operating in a line of business: Quick Service Restaurants (68.5 percent), Lodging (29.1 percent), Table/Full Service Restaurants (18.0 percent) and Retail Food (8.0 percent).

Most establishments (approximately 88 percent) that use the business format model were owned

by the franchisee; 12 percent were owned by the franchisor. Franchisee-owned establishments outnumbered company-owned establishments in every line of business.

Similarly, franchisee-owned establishments provided more jobs (81 percent of jobs in business

format franchising), payroll (80 percent), output (81 percent), and GDP (81 percent) than franchisor-owned establishments.

Quick Service Restaurants

30.5%

Business Services14.5%

Lodging10.9%

Real Estate9.4%


8.7%

Automotive6.5%

Food Retail5.6%


4.8%

Personal Services4.7% Retail Products &

Services4.4%


I-10

Product Distribution Franchising.—Product distribution franchising was economically significant in three lines of business – Automotive and Truck Dealers, Gasoline Service Stations without Convenience Stores, and Beverage Bottling. [View US(5)]

The Automotive and Truck Dealer line of business accounted for more establishments, provided more jobs, supported a greater payroll, and generated more output and contributed more to GDP than any other single line of business in product distribution franchising.

Judged by the ratio of franchised activity to all activity in a line of business, product distribution franchises dominated in the Automotive and Truck Dealers line of business, accounting for 29.6 percent of all business establishments and 73.8 percent of all jobs in this line of business. Franchising accounted for 29.1 percent of establishments and 31.7 percent of all jobs in the Gasoline Service Stations without Convenience Store line of business. Franchising accounted for 3.9 percent of establishments and 5.1 percent of all jobs in the Beverage Bottling line of business.


I-11

C. Franchising in the States in 2016: Measures of Economic Significance

< Detailed estimates for this section are in Views S(1) – S(106) >

Jobs

The number of jobs in franchised businesses in 2016 was greatest in California, Texas, Florida, Illinois, and Ohio. The number of jobs provided because of franchised businesses was greatest in California (1,663,000), Texas (1,347,600), Florida (1,138,800), Illinois (695,800), and New York (695,500). [View S(1)]

Considered relative to the size of a state’s economy, franchising had the greatest impact on jobs in Kentucky. Jobs filled because of franchised businesses were 13.4 percent of Kentucky’s private nonfarm workforce. North Carolina, Tennessee, North Dakota, and Missouri round out the top five states in terms of the percentage impact of franchising on jobs in the state.

Jobs provided because of franchised businesses were at least 10 percent of the private nonfarm workforce in 33 states and at least 6 percent of the private nonfarm workforce in every state except the District of Columbia.

Payroll

The impact of franchising on payrolls in the states was similar to its impact on jobs in 2016. The payrolls met in franchised businesses were greatest in California, Texas, Florida, New York, and Illinois. Payroll distributed because of franchised businesses was greatest in California ($84.7 billion), Texas ($62.3 billion), Florida ($47.0 billion), New York ($41.7 billion), and Illinois ($34.3 billion). [View S(2)]

Considered relative to the size of a state’s economy, franchising had the greatest impact on payrolls in Florida, where payroll distributed because of franchised businesses was 10.4 percent of Florida’s private nonfarm payroll. This percentage was also relatively high in North Carolina, Kentucky, and Nevada.

Payroll distributed because of franchised businesses was at least 8 percent of private nonfarm payroll in 26 states.

Output

In 2016, the value of output produced in franchised businesses was greatest in California, Texas, Florida, New York, and Illinois. The value of output produced because of franchised businesses was greatest in California ($234.8 billion), Texas ($185.4 billion), Florida ($132.2 billion), New York ($107.1 billion), and Illinois ($97.1 billion). [View S(3)]

Franchising was especially important to output in Florida and North Carolina. Output produced because of franchised businesses was at its highest in these states when gauged against all private nonfarm output in those states.

Overall, output produced because of franchised businesses was at least 7 percent of private nonfarm output in 22 states.


I-12

GDP

As with output, the contribution to GDP made in franchised businesses was greatest in California, Texas, Florida, New York, and Illinois in 2016. The contribution to GDP made because of franchised businesses was greatest in California ($142.0 billion), Texas ($104.4 billion), Florida ($77.9 billion), New York ($69.8 billion), and Illinois ($56.8 billion). [View S(4)]

Franchising was especially important to GDP in Florida and Tennessee, where the contribution to GDP made because of franchised businesses was, respectively, 10.1 percent and 9.4 percent of all private nonfarm GDP.

Overall, the contribution to GDP made because of franchised businesses was at least 7 percent of private nonfarm output in 39 states. The contribution to GDP made because of franchised businesses was at least 5 percent of a state’s private nonfarm GDP in every state except Alaska and the District of Columbia.

Business Model and Ownership

Details concerning the respective economic activities in and because of business format and product distribution franchising and in franchisee-owned establishments and franchisor-owned establishments are shown in Views S(5) – S(55). There is a separate view for each state and the District of Columbia. The views are ordered alphabetically.

Relationships observed at the national level also occur at the state level. In every state—

There were more establishments operating under the business format model than the product distribution model. Business format franchising also provided more jobs than product distribution franchising.

Franchisee-owned establishments outnumbered franchisor-owned establishments and also

provided more jobs.

Congressional Districts

Views S(56)-S(106) show the number of jobs that are in each congressional district of a state in 2016, both in franchised businesses and because of franchised businesses. There is a separate view for each state and the District of Columbia. The views are ordered alphabetically.


I-13

D. Franchising in Congressional Districts in 2016: Measures of Economic Significance

< Detailed estimates for this section are in Views CD(1) – CD(436) >

Estimates of the economic significance of franchising by congressional district in 2016 are shown in Views CD(1)-CD(436), provided in Part II of this report. There is a separate view for every district. The views are ordered alphabetically by state (and the District of Columbia) and numerically with states. Therefore, View CD(1) is for the 1st district of Alabama, View CD(2) is for the 2nd district of Alabama and so on.

A view displays the number of establishments, jobs, payroll, output, and contribution to GDP in franchised businesses in a congressional district in 2016. The jobs, payroll, output, and contribution to GDP because of franchised businesses are also shown. Those estimates are displayed separately for business format franchising and product distribution franchising. The business format franchising estimates are shown separately for franchisee-owned and franchisor-owned establishments.


I-14

National Views

VIEW US(1)


DIRECT CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE U.S. ECONOMY, 2016

In Franchised Businesses

Percent of U.S. Nonfarm Private Sector

Jobs 8,968,000 5.6 % Payroll $ 351.1 billion 3.8 % Output $ 868.1 billion 2.8 % GDP $ 541.1 billion 3.4 % Establishments 801,153 2.3 %

There were 801,153 franchised business establishments in the United States in 2016.

Franchised businesses provided 8,968,000 jobs, or 5.6 percent of the U.S. private non-farm workforce in 2016.

Franchised businesses supplied an annual payroll of $351.1 billion, or 3.8 percent of all private non-farm payrolls in the United States in 2016.

Franchised business produced goods and services worth $868.1 billion, or 2.8 percent of private non-farm output in the United States in 2016.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of franchise businesses totaled $541.1 billion, or 3.4 percent of all private non-farm GDP in the United States in 2016.

We include in “franchised businesses” all those establishments that are part of a franchise system – those businesses owned by franchisees and those owned by the franchisor.


I-15

VIEW US(2)


TOTAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE U.S. ECONOMY, 2016

Because of Franchised Businesses

Percent of U.S. Nonfarm Private Sector

Jobs 16,077,500 10.1 % Payroll $ 723.2 billion 7.7 % Output $ 2.08 trillion 6.8 % GDP $ 1.20 trillion 7.4 %

Franchised businesses demand products and services from other businesses and provide income to their workers and owners, who then spend their income and create still more income for other parties. As this cycle repeats, the jobs, payroll, output, and GDP that exist because of franchised businesses grow beyond the jobs, payroll output, and GDP that are in franchised businesses alone.

Franchised businesses were the cause of over 16 million jobs, or 10.1 percent of all U.S. private non-farm employment in 2016.

Franchised businesses were the cause of $723.2 billion of annual payrolls, or 7.7 percent of all private non-farm payrolls in the United States in 2016.

Franchised businesses were the cause of $2.1 trillion of annual output, or 6.8 percent of all private non-farm output in the United States in 2016.

Franchised businesses were the cause of $1.2 trillion in GDP, or 7.4 percent of all private non-farm GDP in the United States in 2016.


I-16

VIEW US(3) The Economic Impact of Franchised Businesses

BUSINESS FORMAT AND PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION FRANCHISES

IN THE UNITED STATES, 2016


Business Format Product Distribution Percent Contributed by Business Format

Percent Contributed by Product Distribution

Jobs 7,636,000 1,332,000 85.1 % 14.9 % Payroll $ 269.9 billion $ 81.2 billion 76.9 % 23.1 % Output $ 674.3 billion $ 193.7 billion 77.7 % 22.3 % GDP $ 404.6 billion $ 136.5 billion 74.8 % 25.2 % Establishments 732,842 68,311 91.5 % 8.5 %


Business Format Product Distribution Percent Contributed by Business Format

Percent Contributed by Product Distribution

Jobs 13,271,300 2,806,200 82.5 % 17.5 % Payroll $ 565.8 billion $ 157.4 billion 78.2 % 21.8 % Output $ 1,641.7 billion $ 437.6 billion 79.0 % 21.0 % GDP $ 925.9 billion $ 269.7 billion 77.4 % 22.6 % Note: Job numbers have been rounded to the nearest 100. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.

Business format franchising accounted for 732,842 establishments and product distribution franchising accounted for an additional 68,311 establishments in the United States in 2016.

Business format franchising provides 7.6 million jobs in 2016, or nearly six times as many as product distribution franchising.

Business format franchising was the cause of 13.3 million private non-farm jobs in the United States. Product distribution franchising was the cause of 2.8 million private non-farm jobs in the United States.


I-17

VIEW US(4)


LINES OF BUSINESS AND OWNERSHIP OF BUSINESS FORMAT FRANCHISES IN THE UNITED STATES, 2016

Jobs Payroll Output GDP Establishments

Quick Service Restaurants Franchisor owned 525,400 $ 15.7 billion $ 38.3 billion $ 21.2 billion 24,429Franchisee owned 2,946,600 $ 75.8 billion $ 184.3 billion $ 102.3 billion 162,547

Total 3,472,000 $ 91.6 billion $ 222.6 billion $ 123.5 billion 186,977% of line of business 68.5 % N/A N/A N/A 53.1 %


Franchisor owned 241,100 $ 4.5 billion $ 10.9 billion $ 6.0 billion 7,783Franchisee owned 744,700 $ 21.5 billion $ 52.3 billion $ 29.0 billion 23,115

Total 985,800 $ 26.0 billion $ 63.2 billion $ 35.1 billion 30,898% of line of business 18.1 % N/A N/A N/A 10.7 %

Business Services




I-18

VIEW US(4)




Lodging Franchisor owned 44,700 $ 1.9 billion $ 4.9 billion $ 3.2 billion 1,909Franchisee owned 567,600 $ 23.7 billion $ 62.9 billion $ 40.7 billion 25,809


Personal Services



Food Retail




I-19

VIEW US(4)




Retail Products & Services Franchisor owned 102,300 $ 3.4 billion $ 8.9 billion $ 5.5 billion 12,807Franchisee owned 233,000 $ 7.8 billion $ 20.2 billion $ 12.5 billion 46,660





Real Estate




I-20

VIEW US(4)




Automotive Franchisor owned 36,100 $ 2.8 billion $ 7.5 billion $ 5.0 billion 3,253Franchisee owned 154,700 $ 11.9 billion $ 32.2 billion $ 21.2 billion 33,856


All Business Format Franchises

Franchisor owned 1,426,800 $ 54.9 billion $ 129.8 billion $ 78.3 billion 88,487Franchisee owned 6,209,200 $ 215.0 billion $ 544.5 billion $ 326.3 billion 644,355

Total 7,636,000 $ 269.9 billion $ 674.3 billion $ 404.6 billion 732,842 N/A indicates data not available because there are no direct data on industry totals by line of business for the economic measure. Note: Job numbers have been rounded to the nearest 100. Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Business format franchising is economically significant in 10 lines of business. In total, and in every line of business, there are more establishments that are owned by franchisees than by

franchisors. Quick Service Restaurants accounted for more establishments and jobs, met greater payroll, and produced greater

output and GDP than any other single business format line of business. Franchised Quick Service Restaurants account for 68.5 percent of all jobs in the Quick Service Restaurant line of

business. This is the largest percentage of franchised jobs within any business format line of business.


I-21

VIEW US(5)


LINES OF BUSINESS IN PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION FRANCHISES IN THE UNITED STATES, 2016


Automotive & Truck Dealers Total 1,280,700 $ 78.5 billion $ 176.8 billion $ 131.9 billion 64,155

% of line of business 73.8 % N/A N/A N/A 29.6 % Gasoline Service Stations without Convenience Stores1


Beverage Bottling

Total 15,800 $ 1.3 billion $ 14.1 billion $ 2.8 billion 531% of line of business 5.1 % N/A N/A N/A 3.9 %

All Product Distribution Franchises

Total 1,332,000 $ 81.2 billion $ 193.7 billion $ 136.5 billion 68,311 N/A indicates data not available because there are no direct data on industry totals by line of business for the economic measure. Note: Job numbers have been rounded to the nearest 100. Details may not add to totals due to rounding. 1Gas stations with convenience stores are included in Retail Food.

Product distribution franchising is economically significant in three lines of business. Automotive and Truck Dealers provide more jobs, meet a greater payroll, and generate more output and GDP than

any other single Product Distribution line of business.


I-22

State Views VIEW S(1)

Economic Impact of Franchised Businesses

FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE STATES, 2016

State



Jobs Caused by Franchising as

Percent of State Jobs

Alabama 144,600 241,400 11.6% Alaska 17,700 30,500 8.5% Arizona 182,300 335,300 11.1% Arkansas 93,700 152,900 11.8% California 867,500 1,663,000 8.6% Colorado 171,200 314,900 10.7% Connecticut 103,000 188,300 9.6% Delaware 28,900 49,500 10.5% District of Columbia

14,200 26,900 4.5%

Florida 613,700 1,138,800 11.7% Georgia 315,600 564,300 11.6% Hawaii 36,200 63,900 9.1% Idaho 51,500 85,600 11.1% Illinois 372,200 695,800 10.5% Indiana 222,100 369,300 11.5% Iowa 109,500 181,500 10.9% Kansas 100,300 167,500 11.1% Kentucky 168,200 265,000 13.4% Louisiana 137,000 228,000 10.2% Maine 33,500 62,400 9.0% Maryland 168,900 291,300 9.9% Massachusetts 141,800 277,700 7.1% Michigan 297,800 518,000 10.9% Minnesota 175,200 323,800 10.5% Mississippi 89,700 143,700 11.8% Missouri 207,500 365,700 12.1% Montana 35,300 59,300 11.3% Nebraska 71,400 120,100 11.6%


I-23

Nevada 84,900 151,800 10.4% New Hampshire 35,100 67,100 8.9% New Jersey 206,500 389,800 8.7% New Mexico 63,600 101,000 12.0% New York 358,000 695,500 6.8% North Carolina 339,100 594,100 12.8% North Dakota 35,600 56,600 12.2% Ohio 368,300 649,700 11.1% Oklahoma 113,100 191,100 10.7% Oregon 100,800 187,900 9.3% Pennsylvania 328,000 612,800 9.5% Rhode Island 21,700 41,500 7.8% South Carolina 148,200 246,500 11.5% South Dakota 32,100 51,400 11.1% Tennessee 230,100 398,500 12.2% Texas 748,100 1,347,600 9.9% Utah 75,400 142,500 9.4% Vermont 14,300 27,200 7.6% Virginia 278,600 468,200 11.7% Washington 166,600 305,400 9.0% West Virginia 52,200 81,900 11.4% Wisconsin 176,900 313,700 10.3% Wyoming 20,400 31,400 10.3% U.S. Total 8,968,000 16,077,500 10.1%

Note: Details may not add to totals due to rounding.

The number of people employed because of franchised businesses is greatest in

California, Texas, Florida, Illinois, and New York. Franchising has the greatest percentage impact on jobs in Kentucky—jobs held

because of franchising are 13.4 percent of Kentucky’s private-sector workforce. North Carolina, Tennessee, North Dakota, and Missouri are close to the top in terms of the percentage impact of franchising on jobs in the State.

Employment caused by franchising is at least 10 percent of a State’s private-

sector workforce in 33 States and at least 6 percent of private nonfarm employment in every state except the District of Columbia.


I-24

VIEW S(2)


FRANCHISING AND PAYROLLS IN THE STATES, 2016

State


(in $ millions)


(in $ millions)

Payroll Caused by Franchising as

Percent of State Payroll Alabama $ 4,777.7 $ 8,906.8 8.7% Alaska 822.3 1,581.5 6.1% Arizona 7,332.6 14,386.4 9.2% Arkansas 2,923.2 5,456.4 8.9% California 38,021.7 84,690.5 7.1% Colorado 6,759.5 14,285.1 8.4% Connecticut 5,534.5 11,104.2 7.6% Delaware 1,329.7 2,507.9 8.3% District of Columbia

1,011.2 2,190.2 3.7%

Florida 23,916.8 47,027.8 10.4% Georgia 11,299.0 23,297.0 9.2% Hawaii 1,791.5 3,134.3 7.6% Idaho 1,517.6 2,846.7 8.7% Illinois 15,969.5 34,286.9 8.1% Indiana 7,108.5 13,856.7 8.1% Iowa 3,467.1 6,752.5 7.8% Kansas 3,358.6 6,540.3 8.0% Kentucky 5,297.5 9,547.9 9.6% Louisiana 4,992.3 9,292.1 7.6% Maine 1,217.3 2,463.1 7.6% Maryland 7,291.7 14,107.7 7.8% Massachusetts 6,522.5 15,597.3 5.5% Michigan 10,120.4 20,523.0 8.0% Minnesota 6,495.5 14,386.5 7.9% Mississippi 2,888.1 5,048.1 9.1% Missouri 7,392.7 14,949.4 9.2% Montana 1,131.3 2,050.8 9.1%


I-25

Nebraska 2,422.9 4,732.8 8.6% Nevada 3,844.3 6,877.2 9.5% New Hampshire 1,576.0 3,243.6 7.5% New Jersey 9,907.9 21,529.4 6.8% New Mexico 2,125.9 3,674.1 8.9% New York 18,216.6 41,716.6 5.5% North Carolina 12,677.2 24,544.0 10.3% North Dakota 1,481.2 2,517.9 9.4% Ohio 12,735.2 26,702.3 8.2% Oklahoma 3,971.6 7,796.6 7.5% Oregon 4,021.9 8,115.7 7.9% Pennsylvania 13,168.1 28,794.5 7.2% Rhode Island 932.6 1,992.8 6.4% South Carolina 4,902.8 8,981.2 9.0% South Dakota 979.6 1,801.6 8.3% Tennessee 8,684.6 16,977.5 9.4% Texas 29,369.8 62,312.6 7.3% Utah 2,765.5 5,723.0 7.7% Vermont 553.3 1,115.9 6.5% Virginia 10,968.2 21,472.5 8.7% Washington 7,367.2 15,125.8 7.2% West Virginia 1,638.8 2,949.0 7.7% Wisconsin 5,837.1 12,466.6 7.5% Wyoming 705.5 1,224.2 6.9% U.S. Total $ 351,144.4 $ 723,204.2 7.7%


Payrolls met because of franchised businesses are greatest in California, Texas,

Florida, New York, and Illinois. Franchising makes the greatest percentage impact on payrolls in Florida—

payrolls met because of franchising are 10.4 percent of Florida’s total private-sector payrolls.

Payrolls caused by franchising are at least 8 percent of a State’s private-sector

payrolls 26 States. Payrolls caused by franchising are at least 5 percent of a State’s private-sector

payrolls in every State except the District of Columbia.


I-26

VIEW S(3)


FRANCHISING AND OUTPUT IN THE STATES, 2016

State


(in $ millions)


(in $ millions)

Output Caused by Franchising as

Percent of State Output Alabama $ 12,725.3 $ 28,429.1 6.9% Alaska 1,945.8 4,838.6 5.1% Arizona 18,167.6 40,637.7 8.1% Arkansas 7,851.6 18,060.7 7.3% California 90,482.2 234,794.0 6.4% Colorado 16,527.1 39,824.2 7.7% Connecticut 11,900.3 27,374.8 6.6% Delaware 3,170.5 7,171.4 6.9% District of Columbia

2,088.8 4,565.9 3.7%

Florida 59,290.2 132,157.5 9.3% Georgia 28,364.7 68,704.8 8.0% Hawaii 4,392.0 8,724.9 6.8% Idaho 4,064.7 9,312.1 7.4% Illinois 39,283.3 97,107.4 7.2% Indiana 18,857.0 44,693.1 6.4% Iowa 9,454.2 22,842.6 6.8% Kansas 8,732.3 20,482.7 6.8% Kentucky 13,690.6 29,716.8 7.5% Louisiana 13,130.7 32,203.3 5.7% Maine 3,189.3 7,356.6 6.9% Maryland 17,408.3 37,075.2 7.2% Massachusetts 15,280.4 39,335.3 5.2% Michigan 26,793.8 62,434.4 6.7% Minnesota 16,435.7 42,015.7 7.2% Mississippi 7,732.1 16,273.0 7.2% Missouri 18,799.4 43,995.6 8.0% Montana 2,990.7 6,564.3 7.5% Nebraska 6,430.8 14,966.8 7.5% Nevada 9,060.3 18,704.3 8.3%


I-27

New Hampshire 3,626.5 8,453.3 6.7% New Jersey 23,706.4 56,824.4 6.3% New Mexico 5,492.8 11,245.2 7.5% New York 42,652.0 107,060.7 5.2% North Carolina 30,488.5 71,647.8 8.4% North Dakota 4,019.7 7,746.0 8.3% Ohio 31,719.3 79,738.5 6.9% Oklahoma 9,860.1 22,813.3 6.6% Oregon 9,434.5 23,322.4 6.4% Pennsylvania 31,857.1 80,691.1 6.5% Rhode Island 2,346.8 5,466.9 5.9% South Carolina 12,849.1 27,657.5 7.3% South Dakota 2,802.3 5,954.0 7.3% Tennessee 21,607.6 47,741.8 8.1% Texas 70,637.4 185,383.6 6.1% Utah 6,794.7 17,672.6 6.5% Vermont 1,436.7 3,485.2 5.8% Virginia 26,948.5 57,958.1 8.1% Washington 20,058.6 46,002.4 6.5% West Virginia 4,401.3 9,125.4 6.3% Wisconsin 15,215.5 39,117.1 6.7% Wyoming 1,873.7 4,181.5 5.3% U.S. Total $ 868,068.8 $ 2,079,246.2 6.8%


The value of output produced because of franchised businesses is greatest in

California, Texas, Florida, New York, and Illinois. Franchising makes the great percentage impact on output in Florida and North

Carolina—output produced because of franchised businesses is 9.3 percent of Florida’s total private-sector output and 8.4 percent of North Carolina’s total private-sector output.

Franchised businesses are the cause of at least 5 percent of a State’s private-

sector output in every State except the District of Columbia and at least 7 percent of a State’s private-sector output in 22 States.


I-28

VIEW S(4)


FRANCHISING AND GDP IN THE STATES, 2016

State


(in $ millions)


(in $ millions)

GDP Caused by Franchising as

Percent of State Output Alabama $ 7,339.6 $ 14,747.6 8.2% Alaska 1,165.2 2,961.9 4.8% Arizona 11,702.1 24,184.6 9.0% Arkansas 4,492.8 9,341.1 8.0% California 59,921.8 141,988.8 6.8% Colorado 10,334.2 23,133.9 8.2% Connecticut 7,970.2 17,562.6 7.3% Delaware 2,021.5 4,432.9 7.2% District of Columbia

1,567.9 3,364.8 3.9%

Florida 37,367.7 77,879.5 10.1% Georgia 17,080.0 38,559.9 8.7% Hawaii 3,032.9 5,473.1 7.5% Idaho 2,255.6 4,571.8 8.3% Illinois 25,317.5 56,848.6 8.0% Indiana 10,960.5 23,449.6 7.5% Iowa 5,348.0 11,328.8 7.6% Kansas 5,210.1 10,615.2 8.0% Kentucky 7,931.8 15,628.7 9.0% Louisiana 8,098.2 17,099.4 6.7% Maine 1,912.5 4,017.4 7.7% Maryland 11,329.5 23,024.8 7.7% Massachusetts 10,033.1 24,365.5 5.6% Michigan 16,431.2 34,547.7 8.0% Minnesota 9,948.0 23,204.5 7.8% Mississippi 4,485.4 8,304.4 8.7% Missouri 10,976.0 23,945.7 8.9% Montana 1,614.8 3,266.5 8.3% Nebraska 3,645.7 7,698.1 8.1%


I-29

Nevada 5,971.1 11,620.0 8.8% New Hampshire 2,271.1 4,989.4 7.4% New Jersey 16,106.1 35,905.4 6.8% New Mexico 3,278.3 6,260.1 8.1% New York 28,980.3 69,835.3 5.4% North Carolina 17,830.7 40,096.0 9.1% North Dakota 2,437.8 4,422.7 9.0% Ohio 18,763.0 43,681.0 7.8% Oklahoma 5,920.1 12,504.1 7.3% Oregon 5,564.7 12,932.0 6.6% Pennsylvania 19,466.1 45,520.2 7.1% Rhode Island 1,505.7 3,323.1 6.5% South Carolina 7,544.1 14,827.4 8.5% South Dakota 1,560.7 3,099.2 7.8% Tennessee 13,081.7 26,689.8 9.4% Texas 44,844.0 104,419.0 6.8% Utah 3,979.2 9,423.0 7.0% Vermont 882.4 1,842.1 6.6% Virginia 16,753.6 34,843.2 8.6% Washington 12,496.5 26,588.0 7.1% West Virginia 2,563.3 4,871.8 7.2% Wisconsin 8,680.8 20,026.7 7.4% Wyoming 1,114.7 2,338.4 5.6% U.S. Total $ 541,089.8 $ 1,195,605.3 7.4%


The value of GDP produced because of franchised businesses is greatest in

California, Texas, Florida, New York, and Illinois. Franchising makes the great percentage impact on GDP in Florida and

Tennessee—GDP produced because of franchised businesses is 10.1 percent of Florida’s total private-sector GDP and 9.4 percent of Tennessee’s total private-sector GDP.

Franchised businesses are the cause of at least 5 percent of a State’s private-

sector GDP in all but 2 States (Alaska and the District of Columbia) and at least 7 percent of a State’s private-sector GDP in 39 States.


Note: Job numbers have been rounded to the nearest 100. Details may not add to totals due to rounding. I-30

VIEW S(5)


FRANCHISING IN ALABAMA, 2016

All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised BusinessesJobs 144,600 241,400 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 4,778 $ 8,907Output (in $ millions) $ 12,725 $ 28,429GDP (in $ millions) $ 7,340 $ 14,748 Establishments 13,361 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised

Businesses Because of Franchised Businesses



Jobs 124,900 201,700 19,700 39,700Payroll (in $ millions) $ 3,726 $ 7,012 $ 1,051 $ 1,895 Output (in $ millions) $ 9,745 $ 22,286 $ 2,981 $ 6,143GDP (in $ millions) $ 5,426 $ 11,332 $ 1,914 $ 3,416Establishments 12,220 1,141 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 17,900 107,000Payroll (in $ millions) $ 545 $ 3,181Output (in $ millions) $ 1,371 $ 8,373 GDP (in $ millions) $ 774 $ 4,652Establishments 1,356 10,865



VIEW S(6)


FRANCHISING IN ALASKA, 2016

All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised BusinessesJobs 17,700 30,500 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 822 $ 1,581Output (in $ millions) $ 1,946 $ 4,839GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,165 $ 2,962 Establishments 2,008 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised




Jobs 14,600 24,700 3,100 5,800Payroll (in $ millions) $ 635 $ 1,234 $ 188 $ 347 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,486 $ 3,786 $ 460 $ 1,053GDP (in $ millions) $ 908 $ 2,334 $ 257 $ 628Establishments 1,824 185 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 1,400 13,200Payroll (in $ millions) $ 62 $ 573Output (in $ millions) $ 141 $ 1,345 GDP (in $ millions) $ 87 $ 821Establishments 173 1,650



VIEW S(7)


FRANCHISING IN ARIZONA, 2016





Jobs 153,300 273,000 29,000 62,300Payroll (in $ millions) $ 5,493 $ 11,031 $ 1,840 $ 3,356 Output (in $ millions) $ 13,627 $ 31,323 $ 4,540 $ 9,314GDP (in $ millions) $ 8,240 $ 18,053 $ 3,462 $ 6,131Establishments 14,530 1,032 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 30,400 122,900Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,153 $ 4,340Output (in $ millions) $ 2,783 $ 10,845 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,698 $ 6,542Establishments 2,046 12,484



VIEW S(8)


FRANCHISING IN ARKANSAS, 2016





Jobs 82,800 130,700 10,900 22,300Payroll (in $ millions) $ 2,312 $ 4,366 $ 611 $ 1,090 Output (in $ millions) $ 6,247 $ 14,555 $ 1,605 $ 3,505GDP (in $ millions) $ 3,414 $ 7,345 $ 1,079 $ 1,996Establishments 8,189 899 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 11,100 71,600Payroll (in $ millions) $ 339 $ 1,973Output (in $ millions) $ 909 $ 5,338 GDP (in $ millions) $ 513 $ 2,902Establishments 937 7,253



VIEW S(9)


FRANCHISING IN CALIFORNIA, 2016

All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised BusinessesJobs 867,500 1,663,000 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 38,022 $ 84,691Output (in $ millions) $ 90,482 $ 234,794GDP (in $ millions) $ 59,922 $ 141,989 Establishments 82,584 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised




Jobs 728,900 1,357,800 138,600 305,200Payroll (in $ millions) $ 28,805 $ 65,817 $ 9,217 $ 18,873 Output (in $ millions) $ 69,391 $ 184,428 $ 21,091 $ 50,366GDP (in $ millions) $ 43,912 $ 109,043 $ 16,010 $ 32,946Establishments 75,840 6,745 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 143,400 585,500Payroll (in $ millions) $ 5,971 $ 22,834Output (in $ millions) $ 13,325 $ 56,066 GDP (in $ millions) $ 8,375 $ 35,537Establishments 9,499 66,341



VIEW S(10)


FRANCHISING IN COLORADO, 2016





Jobs 150,400 267,800 20,700 47,100Payroll (in $ millions) $ 5,403 $ 11,557 $ 1,357 $ 2,728 Output (in $ millions) $ 13,450 $ 32,563 $ 3,078 $ 7,261GDP (in $ millions) $ 8,084 $ 18,560 $ 2,250 $ 4,574Establishments 15,606 1,116 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 26,000 124,500Payroll (in $ millions) $ 980 $ 4,422Output (in $ millions) $ 2,321 $ 11,128 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,387 $ 6,697Establishments 1,781 13,825



VIEW S(11)


FRANCHISING IN CONNECTICUT, 2016





Jobs 85,000 152,700 18,100 35,600Payroll (in $ millions) $ 4,286 $ 8,722 $ 1,248 $ 2,382 Output (in $ millions) $ 9,308 $ 21,640 $ 2,592 $ 5,734GDP (in $ millions) $ 6,060 $ 13,699 $ 1,910 $ 3,864Establishments 7,240 920 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 22,000 62,900Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,385 $ 2,901Output (in $ millions) $ 2,888 $ 6,421 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,910 $ 4,150Establishments 765 6,475



VIEW S(12)


FRANCHISING IN DELAWARE, 2016





Jobs 22,000 37,400 6,900 12,100Payroll (in $ millions) $ 913 $ 1,798 $ 417 $ 710 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,272 $ 5,308 $ 898 $ 1,864GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,397 $ 3,216 $ 624 $ 1,217Establishments 2,035 200 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 4,000 18,000Payroll (in $ millions) $ 198 $ 715Output (in $ millions) $ 472 $ 1,800 GDP (in $ millions) $ 309 $ 1,089Establishments 225 1,810



VIEW S(13)


FRANCHISING IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 2016

All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised BusinessesJobs 14,200 26,900 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,011 $ 2,190Output (in $ millions) $ 2,089 $ 4,566GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,568 $ 3,365 Establishments 922 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised




Jobs 14,000 24,700 200 2,200Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,002 $ 1,987 $ 9 $ 203 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,066 $ 4,139 $ 23 $ 427GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,551 $ 3,052 $ 17 $ 312Establishments 889 33 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 3,300 10,700Payroll (in $ millions) $ 335 $ 667Output (in $ millions) $ 638 $ 1,428 GDP (in $ millions) $ 500 $ 1,051Establishments 145 744



VIEW S(14)


FRANCHISING IN FLORIDA, 2016

All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised BusinessesJobs 613,700 1,138,800Payroll (in $ millions) $ 23,917 $ 47,028Output (in $ millions) $ 59,290 $ 132,158 GDP (in $ millions) $ 37,368 $ 77,880Establishments 51,443 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised




Jobs 514,000 922,700 99,700 216,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 17,882 $ 35,919 $ 6,035 $ 11,109Output (in $ millions) $ 44,826 $ 101,908 $ 14,464 $ 30,250GDP (in $ millions) $ 27,052 $ 58,729 $ 10,316 $ 19,150 Establishments 47,088 4,355 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 109,800 404,200Payroll (in $ millions) $ 3,996 $ 13,886 Output (in $ millions) $ 9,591 $ 35,235GDP (in $ millions) $ 5,729 $ 21,323Establishments 6,470 40,618



VIEW S(15)


FRANCHISING IN GEORGIA, 2016





Jobs 275,800 477,300 39,800 87,000Payroll (in $ millions) $ 9,097 $ 18,829 $ 2,202 $ 4,468 Output (in $ millions) $ 22,722 $ 55,542 $ 5,643 $ 13,163GDP (in $ millions) $ 13,283 $ 30,737 $ 3,797 $ 7,823Establishments 26,544 2,310 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 54,600 221,200Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,974 $ 7,122Output (in $ millions) $ 4,731 $ 17,991 GDP (in $ millions) $ 2,781 $ 10,503Establishments 3,455 23,089



VIEW S(16)


FRANCHISING IN HAWAII, 2016

All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised BusinessesJobs 36,200 63,900Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,792 $ 3,134Output (in $ millions) $ 4,392 $ 8,725 GDP (in $ millions) $ 3,033 $ 5,473Establishments 2,126 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised




Jobs 30,800 53,200 5,400 10,700 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,452 $ 2,536 $ 340 $ 599Output (in $ millions) $ 3,472 $ 6,979 $ 920 $ 1,746GDP (in $ millions) $ 2,340 $ 4,309 $ 693 $ 1,165 Establishments 1,860 266 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 5,500 25,300Payroll (in $ millions) $ 234 $ 1,218 Output (in $ millions) $ 571 $ 2,900GDP (in $ millions) $ 364 $ 1,976Establishments 280 1,579



VIEW S(17)


FRANCHISING IN IDAHO, 2016





Jobs 45,600 73,300 5,900 12,300 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,216 $ 2,300 $ 301 $ 547Output (in $ millions) $ 3,303 $ 7,599 $ 761 $ 1,714GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,756 $ 3,647 $ 500 $ 925 Establishments 4,721 383 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 6,500 39,100Payroll (in $ millions) $ 167 $ 1,049 Output (in $ millions) $ 436 $ 2,867GDP (in $ millions) $ 229 $ 1,527Establishments 440 4,282



VIEW S(18)


FRANCHISING IN ILLINOIS, 2016








VIEW S(19)


FRANCHISING IN INDIANA, 2016





Jobs 189,000 304,700 33,100 64,600 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 5,420 $ 10,750 $ 1,688 $ 3,107Output (in $ millions) $ 14,456 $ 34,976 $ 4,401 $ 9,717GDP (in $ millions) $ 7,999 $ 17,888 $ 2,961 $ 5,562 Establishments 16,506 1,533 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 32,000 157,000Payroll (in $ millions) $ 968 $ 4,452 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,430 $ 12,025GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,323 $ 6,676Establishments 1,970 14,536



VIEW S(20)


FRANCHISING IN IOWA, 2016





Jobs 95,400 153,600 14,100 27,900 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 2,726 $ 5,387 $ 741 $ 1,366Output (in $ millions) $ 7,602 $ 18,512 $ 1,852 $ 4,331GDP (in $ millions) $ 4,131 $ 8,979 $ 1,217 $ 2,350 Establishments 9,908 941 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 13,000 82,400Payroll (in $ millions) $ 371 $ 2,355 Output (in $ millions) $ 993 $ 6,609GDP (in $ millions) $ 522 $ 3,609Establishments 1,053 8,855



VIEW S(21)


FRANCHISING IN KANSAS, 2016





Jobs 89,600 145,300 10,700 22,300 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 2,804 $ 5,438 $ 554 $ 1,103Output (in $ millions) $ 7,222 $ 16,951 $ 1,511 $ 3,532GDP (in $ millions) $ 4,134 $ 8,614 $ 1,076 $ 2,001 Establishments 9,170 795 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 12,800 76,900Payroll (in $ millions) $ 434 $ 2,370 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,070 $ 6,152GDP (in $ millions) $ 614 $ 3,520Establishments 1,016 8,154



VIEW S(22)


FRANCHISING IN KENTUCKY, 2016








VIEW S(23)


FRANCHISING IN LOUISIANA, 2016





Jobs 115,900 187,200 21,100 40,800 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 3,776 $ 7,168 $ 1,216 $ 2,124Output (in $ millions) $ 9,808 $ 24,986 $ 3,323 $ 7,217GDP (in $ millions) $ 5,775 $ 12,909 $ 2,323 $ 4,190 Establishments 11,412 1,123 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 16,400 99,500Payroll (in $ millions) $ 536 $ 3,240 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,342 $ 8,466GDP (in $ millions) $ 785 $ 4,990Establishments 1,328 10,084



VIEW S(24)


FRANCHISING IN MAINE, 2016





Jobs 27,100 49,300 6,400 13,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 883 $ 1,844 $ 334 $ 619Output (in $ millions) $ 2,342 $ 5,582 $ 847 $ 1,775GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,363 $ 2,988 $ 549 $ 1,029 Establishments 2,844 386 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 4,400 22,700Payroll (in $ millions) $ 149 $ 734 Output (in $ millions) $ 370 $ 1,972GDP (in $ millions) $ 209 $ 1,154Establishments 333 2,511



VIEW S(25)


FRANCHISING IN MARYLAND, 2016








VIEW S(26)


FRANCHISING IN MASSACHUSETTS, 2016








VIEW S(27)


FRANCHISING IN MICHIGAN, 2016








VIEW S(28)


FRANCHISING IN MINNESOTA, 2016








VIEW S(29)


FRANCHISING IN MISSISSIPPI, 2016





Jobs 78,900 122,700 10,800 21,000 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 2,329 $ 4,084 $ 559 $ 964Output (in $ millions) $ 6,160 $ 13,115 $ 1,572 $ 3,158GDP (in $ millions) $ 3,437 $ 6,543 $ 1,048 $ 1,761 Establishments 8,056 779 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 11,200 67,700Payroll (in $ millions) $ 328 $ 2,001 Output (in $ millions) $ 856 $ 5,304GDP (in $ millions) $ 483 $ 2,954Establishments 1,006 7,050



VIEW S(30)


FRANCHISING IN MISSOURI, 2016








VIEW S(31)


FRANCHISING IN MONTANA, 2016





Jobs 30,700 50,100 4,600 9,200 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 892 $ 1,637 $ 239 $ 414Output (in $ millions) $ 2,427 $ 5,335 $ 564 $ 1,230GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,281 $ 2,621 $ 334 $ 646 Establishments 3,756 346 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 3,600 27,100Payroll (in $ millions) $ 107 $ 785 Output (in $ millions) $ 265 $ 2,162GDP (in $ millions) $ 140 $ 1,141Establishments 371 3,385



VIEW S(32)


FRANCHISING IN NEBRASKA, 2016





Jobs 63,600 104,300 7,700 15,900 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 2,009 $ 3,934 $ 413 $ 798Output (in $ millions) $ 5,428 $ 12,537 $ 1,003 $ 2,430GDP (in $ millions) $ 2,965 $ 6,339 $ 681 $ 1,359 Establishments 6,526 618 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 9,700 54,000Payroll (in $ millions) $ 285 $ 1,724 Output (in $ millions) $ 739 $ 4,689GDP (in $ millions) $ 396 $ 2,569Establishments 747 5,779



VIEW S(33)


FRANCHISING IN NEVADA, 2016





Jobs 73,900 128,400 11,000 23,400 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 3,143 $ 5,616 $ 701 $ 1,261Output (in $ millions) $ 7,441 $ 15,323 $ 1,619 $ 3,381GDP (in $ millions) $ 4,765 $ 9,377 $ 1,206 $ 2,243 Establishments 6,148 419 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 10,100 63,800Payroll (in $ millions) $ 423 $ 2,720 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,034 $ 6,407GDP (in $ millions) $ 641 $ 4,124Establishments 778 5,370



VIEW S(34)


FRANCHISING IN NEW HAMPSHIRE, 2016





Jobs 26,900 50,400 8,200 16,700 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,043 $ 2,278 $ 533 $ 966Output (in $ millions) $ 2,570 $ 6,164 $ 1,056 $ 2,289GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,572 $ 3,583 $ 700 $ 1,406 Establishments 3,079 451 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 4,800 22,000Payroll (in $ millions) $ 167 $ 875 Output (in $ millions) $ 373 $ 2,197GDP (in $ millions) $ 216 $ 1,356Establishments 339 2,740



VIEW S(35)


FRANCHISING IN NEW JERSEY, 2016








VIEW S(36)


FRANCHISING IN NEW MEXICO, 2016








VIEW S(37)


FRANCHISING IN NEW YORK, 2016








VIEW S(38)


FRANCHISING IN NORTH CAROLINA, 2016








VIEW S(39)


FRANCHISING IN NORTH DAKOTA, 2016





Jobs 31,300 48,900 4,200 7,800 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,236 $ 2,101 $ 245 $ 417Output (in $ millions) $ 3,384 $ 6,493 $ 636 $ 1,253GDP (in $ millions) $ 2,011 $ 3,668 $ 426 $ 755 Establishments 2,797 233 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 3,500 27,800Payroll (in $ millions) $ 114 $ 1,122 Output (in $ millions) $ 294 $ 3,090GDP (in $ millions) $ 164 $ 1,847Establishments 328 2,468



VIEW S(40)


FRANCHISING IN OHIO, 2016








VIEW S(41)


FRANCHISING IN OKLAHOMA, 2016





Jobs 97,100 158,800 16,000 32,300 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 3,001 $ 6,049 $ 970 $ 1,748Output (in $ millions) $ 7,615 $ 17,980 $ 2,245 $ 4,833GDP (in $ millions) $ 4,321 $ 9,569 $ 1,600 $ 2,935 Establishments 10,163 938 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 16,300 80,700Payroll (in $ millions) $ 554 $ 2,447 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,352 $ 6,263GDP (in $ millions) $ 776 $ 3,544Establishments 1,165 8,998



VIEW S(42)


FRANCHISING IN OREGON, 2016





Jobs 82,700 150,100 18,100 37,800 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 2,884 $ 6,068 $ 1,137 $ 2,048Output (in $ millions) $ 7,212 $ 18,071 $ 2,222 $ 5,252GDP (in $ millions) $ 4,061 $ 9,781 $ 1,504 $ 3,151 Establishments 9,106 940 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 12,300 70,400Payroll (in $ millions) $ 471 $ 2,413 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,147 $ 6,065GDP (in $ millions) $ 661 $ 3,400Establishments 974 8,132



VIEW S(43)


FRANCHISING IN PENNSYLVANIA, 2016








VIEW S(44)


FRANCHISING IN RHODE ISLAND, 2016

All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised BusinessesJobs 21,700 41,500Payroll (in $ millions) $ 933 $ 1,993Output (in $ millions) $ 2,347 $ 5,467 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,506 $ 3,323Establishments 2,293 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised




Jobs 18,000 33,600 3,700 7,900 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 715 $ 1,553 $ 217 $ 440Output (in $ millions) $ 1,828 $ 4,295 $ 519 $ 1,172GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,152 $ 2,587 $ 354 $ 736 Establishments 2,079 213 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 3,300 14,700Payroll (in $ millions) $ 153 $ 562 Output (in $ millions) $ 345 $ 1,482GDP (in $ millions) $ 217 $ 935Establishments 226 1,853



VIEW S(45)


FRANCHISING IN SOUTH CAROLINA, 2016





Jobs 130,000 209,300 18,200 37,300 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 3,895 $ 7,187 $ 1,008 $ 1,794Output (in $ millions) $ 10,230 $ 22,197 $ 2,619 $ 5,460GDP (in $ millions) $ 5,792 $ 11,680 $ 1,753 $ 3,148 Establishments 12,317 971 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 18,300 111,700Payroll (in $ millions) $ 548 $ 3,347 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,367 $ 8,863GDP (in $ millions) $ 771 $ 5,021Establishments 1,554 10,763



VIEW S(46)


FRANCHISING IN SOUTH DAKOTA, 2016





Jobs 28,200 43,800 4,000 7,600 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 767 $ 1,433 $ 213 $ 368Output (in $ millions) $ 2,242 $ 4,807 $ 561 $ 1,147GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,189 $ 2,436 $ 372 $ 664 Establishments 3,309 310 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 3,100 25,100Payroll (in $ millions) $ 83 $ 683 Output (in $ millions) $ 231 $ 2,011GDP (in $ millions) $ 121 $ 1,068Establishments 343 2,967



VIEW S(47)


FRANCHISING IN TENNESSEE, 2016








VIEW S(48)


FRANCHISING IN TEXAS, 2016

All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised BusinessesJobs 748,100 1,347,600Payroll (in $ millions) $ 29,370 $ 62,313Output (in $ millions) $ 70,637 $ 185,384 GDP (in $ millions) $ 44,844 $ 104,419Establishments 67,384 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised




Jobs 635,500 1,104,100 112,600 243,500 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 21,552 $ 47,485 $ 7,818 $ 14,827Output (in $ millions) $ 53,067 $ 143,952 $ 17,570 $ 41,432GDP (in $ millions) $ 31,643 $ 78,676 $ 13,201 $ 25,743 Establishments 62,126 5,258 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 128,300 507,200Payroll (in $ millions) $ 4,333 $ 17,219 Output (in $ millions) $ 10,407 $ 42,660GDP (in $ millions) $ 6,165 $ 25,478Establishments 7,762 54,364



VIEW S(49)


FRANCHISING IN UTAH, 2016





Jobs 63,300 114,900 12,100 27,600 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,993 $ 4,278 $ 773 $ 1,445Output (in $ millions) $ 5,036 $ 13,495 $ 1,759 $ 4,177GDP (in $ millions) $ 2,831 $ 7,044 $ 1,148 $ 2,379 Establishments 6,507 576 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 10,400 52,900Payroll (in $ millions) $ 322 $ 1,671 Output (in $ millions) $ 811 $ 4,225GDP (in $ millions) $ 457 $ 2,374Establishments 812 5,694



VIEW S(50)


FRANCHISING IN VERMONT, 2016

All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised BusinessesJobs 14,300 27,200Payroll (in $ millions) $ 553 $ 1,116Output (in $ millions) $ 1,437 $ 3,485 GDP (in $ millions) $ 882 $ 1,842Establishments 1,720 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised




Jobs 11,300 21,200 3,000 6,000 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 386 $ 819 $ 167 $ 297Output (in $ millions) $ 1,052 $ 2,646 $ 385 $ 839GDP (in $ millions) $ 619 $ 1,357 $ 263 $ 485 Establishments 1,507 213 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 2,000 9,300Payroll (in $ millions) $ 68 $ 318 Output (in $ millions) $ 172 $ 880GDP (in $ millions) $ 99 $ 520Establishments 173 1,334



VIEW S(51)


FRANCHISING IN VIRGINIA, 2016








VIEW S(52)


FRANCHISING IN WASHINGTON, 2016








VIEW S(53)


FRANCHISING IN WEST VIRGINIA, 2016








VIEW S(54)


FRANCHISING IN WISCONSIN, 2016





Jobs 149,500 257,500 27,400 56,200 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 4,415 $ 9,677 $ 1,422 $ 2,790Output (in $ millions) $ 11,861 $ 30,988 $ 3,354 $ 8,129GDP (in $ millions) $ 6,488 $ 15,501 $ 2,193 $ 4,526 Establishments 14,337 1,438 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 17,700 131,700Payroll (in $ millions) $ 581 $ 3,834 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,499 $ 10,362GDP (in $ millions) $ 833 $ 5,655Establishments 1,351 12,986



VIEW S(55)


FRANCHISING IN WYOMING, 2016





Jobs 18,300 27,400 2,100 4,000 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 582 $ 1,009 $ 124 $ 215Output (in $ millions) $ 1,546 $ 3,447 $ 327 $ 734GDP (in $ millions) $ 885 $ 1,893 $ 229 $ 445 Establishments 2,107 167 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee OwnedJobs 2,700 15,600Payroll (in $ millions) $ 80 $ 501 Output (in $ millions) $ 209 $ 1,338GDP (in $ millions) $ 118 $ 767Establishments 261 1,846


I-81

VIEW S(56)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF ALABAMA, 2016

Congressional District

Jobs in Franchised Businesses

Jobs Created by Franchised Businesses

#1 20,900 35,700 #2 21,800 36,500 #3 18,600 30,400 #4 16,200 27,000 #5 21,300 34,400 #6 23,700 39,500 #7 22,100 37,900

Note: Job numbers have been rounded to the nearest 100. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.


I-82

VIEW S(57)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF ALASKA




#1 (At-large) 17,700 30,500

Note: Job numbers have been rounded to the nearest 100.


I-83

VIEW S(58)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF ARIZONA, 2016




#1 20,300 34,400 #2 20,000 36,200 #3 18,300 32,900 #4 17,500 27,800 #5 15,400 27,700 #6 28,000 54,400 #7 21,100 43,800 #8 15,000 26,300 #9 26,700 51,900



I-84

VIEW S(59)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF ARKANSAS, 2016




#1 19,500 31,400 #2 30,000 47,900 #3 26,300 43,900 #4 18,000 29,700



I-85

VIEW S(60)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF CALIFORNIA, 2016




#1 17,400 30,700 #2 15,500 32,100 #3 18,500 31,800 #4 20,500 36,000 #5 15,800 30,200 #6 17,500 32,000 #7 15,900 28,800 #8 16,000 25,700 #9 14,300 26,100

#10 16,700 28,600 #11 20,400 37,200 #12 13,500 35,800 #13 15,100 32,100 #14 14,900 31,800 #15 13,100 26,100 #16 14,300 26,500 #17 17,300 35,300 #18 16,000 33,100 #19 14,600 27,200 #20 14,500 26,800 #21 13,300 22,600 #22 17,200 30,300 #23 14,600 26,100 #24 19,000 36,000 #25 12,800 24,100 #26 22,000 39,300 #27 15,600 31,500 #28 20,300 40,800 #29 10,000 20,600 #30 18,100 36,900


I-86

#31 14,900 28,400 #32 15,000 30,500 #33 28,000 56,700 #34 13,400 30,200 #35 18,800 35,000 #36 17,100 28,800 #37 13,800 29,100 #38 14,800 30,200 #39 17,600 33,400 #40 8,800 18,600 #41 11,900 22,600 #42 18,400 32,500 #43 16,800 33,100 #44 7,600 15,700 #45 21,500 43,700 #46 16,700 31,900 #47 16,500 32,700 #48 24,100 45,300 #49 21,600 41,300 #50 13,100 22,200 #51 10,500 18,000 #52 23,700 46,400 #53 17,900 34,600



I-87

VIEW S(61)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF COLORADO, 2016




#1 32,100 60,900 #2 26,800 51,200 #3 23,200 41,700 #4 20,400 37,700 #5 20,800 37,600 #6 23,300 43,300 #7 24,600 42,400



I-88

VIEW S(62)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF CONNECTICUT, 2016




#1 31,300 53,600 #2 18,200 31,500 #3 15,300 30,700 #4 18,000 34,600 #5 20,200 37,800



I-89

VIEW S(63)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF DELAWARE, 2016




#1 (At-large) 28,900 49,500



I-90

VIEW S(64)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 2016




#1 (At-large) 14,200 26,900



I-91

VIEW S(65)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF FLORIDA, 2016




#1 25,400 43,200 #2 24,700 41,900 #3 19,200 32,400 #4 29,600 56,000 #5 30,300 56,500 #6 21,400 36,800 #7 21,100 40,700 #8 21,100 37,100 #9 21,500 38,400

#10 36,400 65,200 #11 16,500 27,900 #12 18,400 31,200 #13 24,700 48,000 #14 32,900 60,700 #15 22,000 40,200 #16 24,500 46,900 #17 15,400 26,100 #18 18,200 35,400 #19 26,800 48,500 #20 22,000 44,200 #21 14,400 26,500 #22 31,100 61,900 #23 22,700 44,400 #24 23,800 48,100 #25 14,600 30,000 #26 14,200 27,700 #27 20,800 42,800



I-92

VIEW S(66)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF GEORGIA, 2016




#1 24,200 41,200 #2 23,200 39,400 #3 20,700 36,900 #4 16,300 29,000 #5 33,000 60,000 #6 30,400 58,600 #7 22,800 42,600 #8 22,600 36,600 #9 19,400 35,400

#10 19,000 32,000 #11 27,000 51,800 #12 21,300 36,700 #13 19,200 35,700 #14 16,500 28,500



I-93

VIEW S(67)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF HAWAII, 2016




#1 17,300 31,400 #2 18,900 32,400



I-94

VIEW S(68)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF IDAHO, 2016




#1 27,400 43,600 #2 24,100 42,000



I-95

VIEW S(69)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF ILLINOIS, 2016




#1 12,300 23,900 #2 12,400 23,300 #3 15,400 30,600 #4 10,000 20,700 #5 19,300 39,500 #6 28,000 52,300 #7 36,900 75,500 #8 28,100 53,500 #9 16,000 33,300

#10 20,200 38,200 #11 20,800 39,100 #12 22,200 37,700 #13 24,800 42,300 #14 22,800 40,500 #15 20,000 34,200 #16 18,700 32,200 #17 19,800 36,000 #18 24,600 42,900



I-96

VIEW S(70)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF INDIANA, 2016




#1 23,900 39,100 #2 27,800 45,100 #3 25,000 43,100 #4 22,100 36,700 #5 29,800 50,800 #6 23,100 37,300 #7 23,900 40,000 #8 23,800 40,400 #9 22,700 36,800



I-97

VIEW S(71)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF IOWA, 2016




#1 25,400 42,400 #2 26,000 43,100 #3 31,500 52,700 #4 26,600 43,300



I-98

VIEW S(72)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF KANSAS, 2016




#1 24,500 40,100 #2 19,700 32,400 #3 28,100 48,500 #4 28,100 46,500



I-99

VIEW S(73)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF KENTUCKY, 2016




#1 22,800 35,500 #2 26,400 41,800 #3 39,200 61,000 #4 28,000 45,100 #5 20,900 33,500 #6 30,900 48,100



I-100

VIEW S(74)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF LOUISIANA, 2016




#1 23,500 39,400 #2 21,500 37,200 #3 25,300 41,000 #4 20,000 33,400 #5 21,500 35,400 #6 25,200 41,600



I-101

VIEW S(75)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF MAINE, 2016




#1 17,200 32,700 #2 16,200 29,700



I-102

VIEW S(76)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF MARYLAND, 2016




#1 25,000 41,700 #2 19,100 34,900 #3 25,300 45,300 #4 17,300 27,700 #5 21,800 34,000 #6 20,800 35,600 #7 16,500 30,700 #8 23,100 41,300



I-103

VIEW S(77)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF MASSACHUSETTS,

2016




#1 15,100 28,300 #2 15,700 30,200 #3 13,100 25,200 #4 17,600 34,300 #5 15,000 29,800 #6 17,400 34,800 #7 14,600 30,300 #8 18,200 36,200 #9 14,900 28,600



I-104

VIEW S(78)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF MICHIGAN, 2016




#1 25,100 41,400 #2 21,300 38,800 #3 21,500 38,700 #4 20,400 33,600 #5 20,700 35,500 #6 20,700 37,000 #7 21,800 37,700 #8 20,600 35,700 #9 22,800 40,500

#10 19,400 30,900 #11 28,200 50,700 #12 22,300 38,100 #13 13,800 23,900 #14 19,300 35,400



I-105

VIEW S(79)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF MINNESOTA, 2016




#1 22,900 41,300 #2 20,100 35,900 #3 23,100 45,000 #4 22,900 44,600 #5 25,400 50,500 #6 21,700 38,100 #7 20,100 35,200 #8 19,100 33,100



I-106

VIEW S(80)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF MISSISSIPPI, 2016




#1 23,400 36,900 #2 19,300 30,900 #3 25,100 41,400 #4 22,000 34,500



I-107

VIEW S(81)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF MISSOURI, 2016




#1 27,500 51,400 #2 35,000 63,400 #3 25,000 42,100 #4 20,900 34,200 #5 22,900 42,400 #6 25,700 43,100 #7 29,200 52,800 #8 21,400 36,300



I-108

VIEW S(82)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF MONTANA, 2016




#1 (At-large) 35,300 59,300



I-109

VIEW S(83)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF NEBRASKA, 2016




#1 23,200 39,000 #2 24,000 42,400 #3 24,100 38,700



I-110

VIEW S(84)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF NEVADA, 2016




#1 31,100 54,200 #2 22,800 41,800 #3 18,500 34,400 #4 12,500 21,500



I-111

VIEW S(85)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE,

2016




#1 18,400 35,200 #2 16,700 31,800



I-112

VIEW S(86)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF NEW JERSEY, 2016




#1 14,800 28,300 #2 18,900 33,100 #3 17,900 32,000 #4 17,700 32,600 #5 18,100 34,900 #6 16,400 32,100 #7 20,300 39,500 #8 12,600 24,400 #9 15,900 31,100

#10 11,800 21,800 #11 26,500 49,900 #12 15,600 30,000



I-113

VIEW S(87)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF NEW MEXICO, 2016




#1 21,800 36,700 #2 24,100 36,100 #3 17,800 28,300



I-114

VIEW S(88)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF NEW YORK, 2016




#1 14,600 26,700 #2 14,400 27,200 #3 18,200 36,100 #4 14,400 27,200 #5 7,100 13,200 #6 8,500 16,000 #7 7,600 18,300 #8 4,700 10,400 #9 4,200 9,200

#10 18,000 43,500 #11 8,400 16,000 #12 26,300 64,100 #13 3,000 6,600 #14 9,600 19,000 #15 5,000 10,700 #16 8,000 15,500 #17 13,800 29,100 #18 14,500 25,800 #19 13,100 24,300 #20 18,100 32,600 #21 17,600 29,600 #22 14,600 25,700 #23 16,300 28,800 #24 19,600 35,400 #25 19,600 35,900 #26 21,300 37,700 #27 17,400 30,500



I-115

VIEW S(89)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF NORTH CAROLINA,

2016




#1 23,200 40,400 #2 20,100 36,800 #3 24,100 38,900 #4 26,600 46,000 #5 21,300 39,700 #6 20,800 37,700 #7 19,100 33,600 #8 20,800 36,000 #9 48,100 82,600

#10 19,900 36,800 #11 21,000 37,600 #12 47,400 81,300 #13 26,900 46,800



I-116

VIEW S(90)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF NORTH DAKOTA,

2016




#1 (At-large) 35,600 56,600



I-117

VIEW S(91)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF OHIO, 2016




#1 24,600 43,300 #2 26,000 45,000 #3 24,300 42,200 #4 21,700 37,700 #5 23,900 42,300 #6 20,600 33,700 #7 22,700 40,500 #8 21,900 39,000 #9 17,800 31,800

#10 22,900 39,500 #11 22,300 42,900 #12 27,600 47,900 #13 20,500 36,300 #14 22,400 40,900 #15 24,500 43,700 #16 24,400 42,800



I-118

VIEW S(92)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF OKLAHOMA, 2016




#1 27,900 48,500 #2 16,700 26,700 #3 20,400 34,700 #4 19,200 32,500 #5 28,800 48,700


I-119

VIEW S(93)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF OREGON, 2016




#1 20,500 38,600 #2 21,100 37,800 #3 20,900 42,300 #4 17,600 31,900 #5 20,600 37,400



I-120

VIEW S(94)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF PENNSYLVANIA,

2016




#1 11,700 22,700 #2 11,500 23,200 #3 19,800 35,400 #4 20,600 39,100 #5 18,500 31,700 #6 17,800 34,700 #7 21,800 41,300 #8 21,200 39,200 #9 18,900 32,500

#10 16,300 29,300 #11 18,100 33,400 #12 21,000 39,400 #13 13,400 26,500 #14 20,900 39,700 #15 21,400 41,800 #16 18,700 35,500 #17 16,500 31,700 #18 19,900 35,900



I-121

VIEW S(95)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF RHODE ISLAND, 2016




#1 9,000 17,900 #2 12,700 23,600



I-122

VIEW S(96)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF SOUTH CAROLINA,

2016




#1 22,500 36,800 #2 19,000 32,200 #3 16,800 28,100 #4 23,300 39,600 #5 16,500 27,200 #6 24,500 41,400 #7 25,600 41,200



I-123

VIEW S(97)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF SOUTH DAKOTA,

2016




#1 (At-large) 32,100 51,400



I-124

VIEW S(98)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF TENNESSEE, 2016




#1 24,300 40,600 #2 24,800 44,500 #3 26,500 45,300 #4 25,200 41,500 #5 28,800 53,000 #6 25,900 43,100 #7 23,000 38,600 #8 25,600 45,400 #9 25,900 46,500



I-125

VIEW S(99)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF TEXAS, 2016




#1 23,900 42,000 #2 25,500 47,700 #3 21,600 40,900 #4 23,000 39,200 #5 14,700 26,700 #6 19,400 34,900 #7 23,800 45,800 #8 17,900 30,200 #9 13,900 26,900

#10 17,700 33,200 #11 20,600 38,100 #12 21,600 42,400 #13 23,400 41,100 #14 19,600 31,900 #15 18,800 34,800 #16 19,700 34,700 #17 23,200 42,400 #18 21,100 40,600 #19 23,200 40,500 #20 19,200 33,600 #21 26,100 49,600 #22 20,900 35,000 #23 20,600 34,200 #24 41,000 77,100 #25 20,600 37,500 #26 21,400 35,400 #27 20,200 34,400 #28 14,600 25,800 #29 12,100 21,500 #30 21,700 40,300


I-126

#31 20,000 33,400 #32 23,500 44,000 #33 16,800 32,100 #34 16,100 29,100 #35 20,900 38,200 #36 20,000 32,400



I-127

VIEW S(100)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF UTAH, 2016




#1 16,500 30,200 #2 26,100 49,500 #3 15,400 29,600

Note: Job numbers have been rounded to the nearest 100. Details may not add to totals due to r 17,300o 33,200unding.


I-128

VIEW S(101)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF VERMONT, 2016




#1 (At-large) 14,300 27,200



I-129

VIEW S(102)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF VIRGINIA, 2016




#1 27,400 43,900 #2 28,800 46,400 #3 23,300 38,200 #4 24,600 39,400 #5 25,300 42,800 #6 27,200 46,700 #7 29,600 50,100 #8 20,100 36,600 #9 21,400 33,800

#10 31,100 54,500 #11 20,000 35,800



I-130

VIEW S(103)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF WASHINGTON, 2016




#1 16,200 30,900 #2 16,900 29,800 #3 13,800 25,300 #4 15,600 26,500 #5 18,900 34,300 #6 18,300 31,900 #7 19,600 39,100 #8 14,200 25,400 #9 18,800 37,600

#10 14,100 24,600 Note: Job numbers have been rounded to the nearest 100. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.


I-131

VIEW S(104)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF WEST VIRGINIA,

2016




#1 18,600 29,600 #2 17,700 27,800 #3 15,900 24,500



I-132

VIEW S(105)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF WISCONSIN, 2016




#1 19,800 34,500 #2 24,500 43,700 #3 23,700 41,500 #4 18,700 33,900 #5 21,900 39,700 #6 24,800 42,100 #7 20,700 37,000 #8 22,700 41,200



I-133

VIEW S(106)


FRANCHISING AND JOBS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF WYOMING, 2016




#1 (At-large) 20,400 31,400



I-134

APPENDIX

A. Data Sources

The key economic measures in this study are: jobs, payroll, output, GDP, and establishments. Measures of the direct impact of franchising (i.e., the economic activity in franchised businesses) were developed at the national level using a number of data sources. National-level estimates were then allocated to the state and congressional district levels, as described below. The data sources used in this study include: 2012 Economic Census (U.S. Census Bureau) – The Economic Census contains data on the number of establishments, sales, jobs, and payroll broken down by industry at the national and state levels for establishments with at least one paid employee. Industry classifications are based on 2012 NAICS codes and covers 1,068 detailed industries. The 2012 Economic Census Franchise Report provides information on the franchise status of establishments in 288 detailed industry sectors at the national level. Data include number of establishments, sales, jobs, and payroll for franchised establishments. Data for franchised establishments are broken down by franchisor-owned and franchisee-owned establishments. The 2012 Survey of Business Owners (U.S. Census Bureau) – SBO includes data on the count and percentage of businesses that were franchised in 2012. Data are reported separately for companies with and without paid employees and are provided at the 2-digit NAICS sector level. Franchise counts were obtained for nonemployers (i.e., businesses without paid employees) and were allocated to more detailed industries based on data from the 2012 Economic Census Franchise Report. The Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, 2015 (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics) – QCEW contains data on the number of establishments, jobs, and payroll broken down by industry at the national, state, and county levels for establishments with at least one paid employee. Industry classifications are based on 2012 NAICS codes. QCEW does not indicate whether an establishment is part of a franchise system. Nonemployer Statistics, 2014 (U.S. Census Bureau) – NES contains data on the number of establishments at the national, State, and county levels that have no paid employees and annual business receipts of $1,000 or more. Nonemployers are typically self-employed individuals or partnerships operating unincorporated businesses. Industry classifications are based on 2012 NAICS codes. NES does not indicate whether an establishment is part of a franchise system. FRANdata Franchise Unit Counts (2014) – FRANdata tabulates counts of franchised units from the Franchise Disclosure Documents (FDDs) prepared by all franchisors. FDDs are the basic source of information defined by federal regulation and provided to every prospective franchisee candidate at a certain point in the decision process. They are evaluated by state business regulators and are used by lenders and other stakeholders in the franchise community. FRANdata tabulates information from the FDDs annually including the number of franchised units. Separate tabulations are available for franchisee-owned and franchisor-owned units. The IMPLAN Model (2013 database) – IMPLAN is a regional input-output model that can address a wide range of impact topics in a given region (county, State, or the country as a whole). The model is primarily based on government data sources (Bureau of Economic Analysis, Bureau of Labor Statistics, and Census), and is used to estimate payroll, output, and contribution to GDP in franchised businesses, as well as jobs, payroll, output and contribution to GDP that exist because of franchised businesses. Dun & Bradstreet, Marketing Data (August 2016) – D&B has information on more than 13 million business establishments in the United States. The information includes the number of establishments


I-135

and jobs at the national, State, and county levels, in additional to industry detail based on 1987 SIC codes. The database also indicates which establishments are franchised businesses, and includes a breakdown of franchise establishments into franchisor-owned or franchisee-owned. These data were used to estimate the number of franchised businesses in industries that were not covered by the 2016 Economic Census Franchise Report. Zip Code Business Patterns, 2014 (U.S. Census Bureau) – ZBP is part of the annual CBP release. ZBP provides counts of establishments by employment-size class at the 6-digit NAICS level for each zip code in the United States. These data were used in the mapping of county-level estimates of franchised jobs to congressional districts. Election Data Services five-digit ZIP+DISTRICT file – Election Data Services Inc. (EDS) is a political consulting firm specializing in redistricting, election administration, and the analysis and presentation of census and political data. Among other services, EDS publishes information products on congressional and legislative district boundary files such as its ZIP+DISTRICT data files which link postal zip codes to congressional and legislative districts. The EDS data, along with data from the U.S. Postal Service, were used to develop mappings of zip codes to counties and congressional districts.

B. Methodology

Data Preparation QCEW Data – PwC obtained data on total establishments and paid employment by detailed (6-digit NAICS level) industry sector for 2015 at the national, state, and county levels. The data were mapped to franchised business lines according to definitions provided in Exhibit 1 below. At the national level, values for establishments and employment are complete within business lines. At the state and county levels, establishment counts are complete by business lines but some employment numbers are suppressed due to government concerns over disclosure. To overcome these problems, we used a two-stage raking methodology to develop state- and county-level values for establishments and employment. For the first stage of the raking procedure, a “national” level matrix was set up with 51 rows representing the 50 states and the District of Columbia and 14 columns representing the 13 franchised business lines and the ‘all other’ industry group (industries in the ‘all other’ industry group are unlikely to have franchised businesses). Thus, an element value at the intersection of a row and a column is the total number of employees for a given state (row) and a given business line (column). When an exact total was not known for a cell, an initial starting value was estimated. Because all the element values are not exactly specified, the column totals did not match the QCEW national employment counts for businesses in the 14 business lines. Similarly the row totals did not match the QCEW state employment totals. A standard raking algorithm was used to adjust the cell values so that both column and row totals matched the corresponding QCEW business line and state employment totals. In the second stage of the raking procedure, a similar process was run for each state. In this case, the rows of the matrix were the counties within a state, the columns are business lines within the state. Raking was performed so that the rows totaled to the QCEW employment counts within each county in the state and the columns totaled to the number of employees within each business line in the state. The state-business line employment values are obtained from the first round of raking. After the raking process was finished, we had establishment and employee counts by business line at the national and state levels and for all counties in every state.


I-136

Exhibit 1. – Business Line Definitions

Business Line 2012 NAICS Codes

Business Format Sectors Automotive 423120-423140, 441310-441320, 488410, 532111, 532120

811111-811113, 811118, 811121, 811122, 811191, 811192, 811198

Commercial and Residential Services

236118, 238110-238990, 541320, 541350, 561210, 561710-561740, 561790, 562111, 562119, 562910, 562991, 562998

Quick Service Restaurants 722513-722515 Table/Full Service Restaurants 722511 Retail Food 311811, 445110-445120, 445210-445230, 445291-445292,

445299, 445310, 447110, 722310-722330, 722410 Lodging 721000 Real Estate 531130, 531210, 531311, 531312, 531320, 531390 Retail Products and Services 442000-444000, 446000, 448000-453920, 453990-454000,

532200-532300, 541920, 811200, 811400 Business Services 323111, 323113, 339950, 484110, 484121, 484122,

484210, 484220, 484230, 488490, 488510, 488991, 492110, 492210, 511120, 522320, 524210, 532412, 532420, 532490, 533110, 541191, 541199, 541211, 541213, 541214, 541219, 541511, 541512, 541519, 541612, 541810, 541850, 541860, 541870, 541890, 541990, 551112, 551114, 561110, 561311, 561312, 561320, 561330, 561410, 561421, 561422, 561431, 561439, 561491, 561492, 561499, 561611, 561612, 561621, 561622, 561910, 561920, 561990, 811310

Personal Services 485310, 485320, 485510, 485999, 487110, 522310, 522390, 541940, 561510, 561520, 561599, 611420, 611430, 611511, 611519, 611610, 611620, 611630, 611691, 611692, 611699, 611710, 621610, 624110, 624120, 624410, 713120, 713940, 713950, 713990, 812111, 812112, 812113, 812191, 812199, 812210, 812220, 812310, 812320, 812910, 812921, 812922, 812930, 812990

Product Distribution Sectors

Automotive and Truck Dealers 423110, 441110, 441120, 441210, 441228, 441222, 453930 Gasoline Service Stations 447190 Beverage Bottling 312111, 312112, 424810, 424820

Non-Franchise Sectors

All Non-Business Format and Non-Product Distribution

All NAICS categories not listed above

Nonemployer Statistics – The Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages only covers businesses with paid employees. However, many U.S. businesses operate without paid employees. These businesses, known as nonemployers, include small family-run businesses as well as independent contractors. In 2014, according to data from the U.S. Census Bureau, 75.9 percent of all U.S. businesses were nonemployers (23.8 million nonemployers compared to 7.6 million business establishments with paid employees). In order to provide a more complete picture of franchising in the U.S., it is necessary to estimate the number of nonemployer franchises.


I-137

NES establishment values were obtained by industry at the national, state, and county levels. A raking process similar to the one used on the QCEW data was used to determine suppressed nonemployer establishment counts in the source data. PwC used data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis to estimate the number of employee equivalents per nonemployer establishment. Because nonemployer businesses can be operated as sole proprietorships, partnerships, or corporations, the number of employee/owners per establishment may exceed one. In 2014, the number of employee/owners per establishment averaged 1.5 across all franchised and non-franchised nonemployer establishments. All Business Data for 2016 – The starting point for the estimation is the count of business establishments and employees (or employee equivalents) by business line for all business establishments. These counts were developed by adding counts of establishments and employment from the QCEW to the corresponding NES data at the national, state, and county levels. Estimates for 2014 (nonemployer establishments) and 2015 (businesses with paid employees) were forecasted through 2016 using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistic’s Current Employment Situation database, the Current Population Survey jointly conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the Congressional Budget Office’s Budget and Economic Outlook. Franchise Ratios – Data from the 2012 Economic Census Franchise Report and 2012 Survey of Business Owners was used to develop national-level franchise ratios by franchise business line. Separate ratios were developed for businesses with paid employees and nonemployers. Franchise ratios were developed for both establishment counts and employment and were separately estimated for franchisee-owned and franchisor-owned establishments. For industries (such as residential remodelers) that were not included in the 2012 Economic Census Franchise Report, data from Dun & Bradstreet was used to estimate franchise ratios. Finally, for the Quick Service Restaurant business line, franchise counts implied by the 2012 Economic Census Franchise Report were significantly lower than counts reported by other data sources. As such, the national-level franchise ratios for this business line were adjusted using more recent (2014) data from FRANdata and the QCEW. Independent Contractors – While most independent contractors associated with franchised businesses would be accounted for above, there may be additional independent contractors that would not self-identify as franchises on the Survey of Business Owners. These contractors include contractors who work out of franchised establishments owned by others. PwC has estimated the number of additional independent contractors associated with franchised establishments in four industries: NAICS 531210 (Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers), NAICS 81211 (Hair, Nail, and Skin Care Services), NAICS 4411 (Automobile Dealers), and NAICS 4412 (Other Motor Vehicle Dealers).

In order to estimate the number of independent contractors in these industries it was assumed that nonemployers in these industries are franchised at the same rate as businesses with paid employees. In order to avoid double counting, the number of nonemployer establishments estimated above was subtracted from the initial estimates of independent contractors. State and Congressional-District Estimates PwC obtained data on all business establishments, franchisee-owned establishments, and franchisor-owned establishments for every county in the U.S. by detailed industry sector from Dun & Bradstreet’s (D&B) marketing database. The D&B data on franchised businesses was aggregated by franchise business line to derive national, state, and county counts of franchised establishments and employment. These estimates were then used to allocate the national-level estimates derived above to the state and county levels.


I-138

Congressional District Estimates Using data from Election Data Services (EDS), the U.S. Postal Service, and Zip Code Business Patterns (ZBP), PwC developed a mapping tool to allocate the county-level franchised jobs and establishments to congressional districts. PwC obtained a mapping of all the zip codes in the U.S. to congressional districts from EDS. In cases where a particular zip code falls within more than one congressional district, we have assumed that jobs and establishments in the zip code are divided equally across the congressional districts. This mapping was then merged with information from the U.S. Postal Service that lists all zip codes in the U.S. along with the state and county in which the zip code is located. Combining the two datasets provides a list of zip codes in every county, along with the congressional district that corresponds to a particular zip code. In order to determine the share of a county’s total jobs and establishments in a particular business line located in a particular zip code and, thus, in a given congressional district, we used data from the 2014 ZBP release. ZBP provides data on the total number of establishments, employment and payroll for more than 40,000 5-digit zip code areas nationwide. In addition, ZBP provides the number of establishments by employment-size class by detailed (6-digit NAICS) industry for each zip code. Using the establishment data, we constructed estimates of jobs by zip code by multiplying the number of establishments in a given size class by the midpoint of that size class and summing all size classes. The resulting database was then merged with the zip code-to-county-to-congressional district mapping. Jobs and establishments within each zip code were aggregated first by county and then by congressional districts within a given county. Allocation percentages were then created by dividing ZBP jobs and establishments for a given congressional district within a county by total ZBP employment in the county by business line. The result was a list of percentages mapping jobs and establishments in every county to each congressional district that falls in whole or in part within that county. Separate allocation percentages were derived for each of the 13 business lines. These allocation percentages were applied to our county-level direct impact estimates by business line to derive our estimates of franchised jobs and establishments by congressional district. Direct Economic Impact Estimates The outcome of the above procedures is a set of estimates of the count of franchised businesses and direct jobs in franchised businesses at the national, state, and congressional district levels for each of the 13 business lines. The IMPLAN model was then used to estimate the direct payroll (including proprietor’s income for nonemployers), output, and contribution to GDP associated with franchised jobs within each business line at all reporting levels. Indirect Economic Impact Estimates The IMPLAN model calculates the jobs, payroll, output, and contribution to GDP that result because of franchised businesses based on input-output tables. These calculations were done separately for franchisor-owned business format franchises, franchisee-owned business format franchises, and product distribution franchises. We adjusted the model results so that only the indirect impacts on non-franchised businesses are reported. Indirect effects may cross geographic boundaries. The IMPLAN model for a geographic region does not capture such "spillover" effects. Therefore, the indirect effects as tentatively calculated state by state do


I-139

not add up to the overall indirect effect calculated for the United States. To correct this, cross-state "spillover" effects by industry were allocated to states in proportion to each state’s share of that industry. Similarly, within a state with multiple congressional districts, the indirect effects reported for each congressional district capture only the impact of franchising activities within the congressional district. Cross-district "spillover" effects by industry were allocated within a state in proportion to each congressional district’s share of that industry within the state.

C. Comparability with Previous Estimates

In February 2004, PwC released Volume I of The Economic Impact of Franchised Businesses, which provided measures of the total economic impact of franchised businesses in the United States using data for the year 2001. That report used data from County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics, Dun & Bradstreet’s MarketPlace, and the IMPLAN model to estimate the economic activity directly and indirectly attributable to franchised businesses. Volume II of the study, released in January 2008, used the same data sources and methodology to estimate the total economic impact of franchised businesses for the year 2005. Volume III, which provided estimates for 2007, relied on data from the 2007 Economic Census Franchise Report, the first ever report of its kind. Due to major changes in the underlying data sets and methodologies used in this report, the estimates contained in this report are not comparable to previous volumes of the study. In particular, as described in the appendix, the current estimates supplement the Economic Census data by incorporating more recent data and information from the QCEW, Nonemployer Statistics, FRANdata, and D&B. Furthermore, the current study uses revised business line definitions that remove some industries included in the earlier studies. It was determined that these industries were unlikely to have a significant number of franchised business establishments.



II-140

Part II Congressional District Views



II-1

VIEW CD(1)

Economic Impact of Franchised Businesses in the United States

FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF ALABAMA, 2016

All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised Businesses Jobs 20,900 35,700 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 663 $ 1,243 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,822 $ 4,037 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,046 $ 2,135 Establishments 1,949 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised




Jobs 18,100 29,900 2,800 5,800 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 515 $ 979 $ 148 $ 264 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,417 $ 3,192 $ 404 $ 845 GDP (in $ millions) $ 776 $ 1,648 $ 270 $ 487 Establishments 1,804 145 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,300 15,800 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 67 $ 448 Output (in $ millions) $ 176 $ 1,242 GDP (in $ millions) $ 97 $ 679 Establishments 157 1,646



II-2

VIEW CD(2)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF ALABAMA, 2016








II-3

VIEW CD(3)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF ALABAMA, 2016

All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised Businesses Jobs 18,600 30,400 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 531 $ 936 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,495 $ 3,200 GDP (in $ millions) $ 840 $ 1,601 Establishments 1,888 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised




Jobs 16,000 25,400 2,600 5,000 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 407 $ 730 $ 124 $ 206 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,140 $ 2,502 $ 355 $ 698 GDP (in $ millions) $ 604 $ 1,210 $ 236 $ 390 Establishments 1,701 187 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,400 13,600 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 60 $ 348 Output (in $ millions) $ 160 $ 980 GDP (in $ millions) $ 87 $ 517 Establishments 204 1,497



II-4

VIEW CD(4)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF ALABAMA, 2016








II-5

VIEW CD(5)







Jobs 18,900 29,400 2,500 5,000 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 530 $ 992 $ 134 $ 243 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,384 $ 3,094 $ 349 $ 750 $ 782 $ 1,573 $ 241 $ 428 Establishments 1,731 133 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,500 16,400 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 68 $ 463 Output (in $ millions) $ 179 $ 1,205 GDP (in $ millions) $ 103 $ 679 Establishments 170 1,561



II-6

VIEW CD(6)







Jobs 20,300 32,800 3,400 6,700 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 710 $ 1,364 $ 192 $ 366 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,689 $ 3,802 $ 561 $ 1,116 GDP (in $ millions) $ 978 $ 2,113 $ 339 $ 638 Establishments 1,810 129 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 3,200 17,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 124 $ 586 Output (in $ millions) $ 284 $ 1,405 GDP (in $ millions) $ 166 $ 812 Establishments 197 1,613



II-7

VIEW CD(7)










II-8

VIEW CD(8)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF ALASKA, 2016








II-9

VIEW CD(9)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF ARIZONA, 2016





Jobs 18,400 30,100 1,900 4,300 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 594 $ 1,030 $ 95 $ 185 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,611 $ 3,426 $ 272 $ 647 GDP (in $ millions) $ 947 $ 1,899 $ 200 $ 396 Establishments 1,591 127 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,300 16,200 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 72 $ 522 Output (in $ millions) $ 189 $ 1,422 GDP (in $ millions) $ 113 $ 834 Establishments 190 1,401



II-10

VIEW CD(10)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF ARIZONA, 2016








II-11

VIEW CD(11)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF ARIZONA, 2016





Jobs 14,700 25,900 3,500 7,000 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 491 $ 979 $ 208 $ 355 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,296 $ 3,027 $ 546 $ 1,052 GDP (in $ millions) $ 758 $ 1,650 $ 405 $ 673 Establishments 1,272 97 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,900 11,800 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 102 $ 389 Output (in $ millions) $ 265 $ 1,031 GDP (in $ millions) $ 156 $ 602 Establishments 191 1,081



II-12

VIEW CD(12)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF ARIZONA, 2016








II-13

VIEW CD(13)










II-14

VIEW CD(14)



All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised Businesses Jobs 28,000 54,400 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,246 $ 2,551 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,955 $ 6,822 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,952 $ 4,212 Establishments 2,395 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised




Jobs 23,700 44,400 4,300 9,900 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 948 $ 1,980 $ 299 $ 571 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,263 $ 5,320 $ 693 $ 1,502 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,411 $ 3,200 $ 540 $ 1,013 Establishments 2,270 126 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 5,400 18,300 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 223 $ 725 Output (in $ millions) $ 531 $ 1,731 GDP (in $ millions) $ 327 $ 1,084 Establishments 323 1,947



II-15

VIEW CD(15)







Jobs 17,300 35,200 3,800 8,600 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 733 $ 1,707 $ 260 $ 522 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,730 $ 4,817 $ 628 $ 1,444 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,066 $ 2,676 $ 472 $ 906 Establishments 1,538 138 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 4,300 13,000 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 186 $ 546 Output (in $ millions) $ 432 $ 1,298 GDP (in $ millions) $ 267 $ 799 Establishments 268 1,270



II-16

VIEW CD(16)



All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised Businesses Jobs 15,000 26,300 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 641 $ 1,174 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,487 $ 3,018 GDP (in $ millions) $ 995 $ 1,914 Establishments 1,251 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised




Jobs 11,900 20,300 3,100 6,000 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 429 $ 825 $ 212 $ 349 Output (in $ millions) $ 997 $ 2,135 $ 490 $ 883 GDP (in $ millions) $ 613 $ 1,296 $ 383 $ 618 Establishments 1,164 87 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,700 9,200 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 100 $ 330 Output (in $ millions) $ 229 $ 768 GDP (in $ millions) $ 141 $ 471 Establishments 184 980



II-17

VIEW CD(17)







Jobs 22,300 42,000 4,500 9,900 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 881 $ 1,893 $ 309 $ 584 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,069 $ 5,045 $ 721 $ 1,525 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,274 $ 2,936 $ 559 $ 1,010 Establishments 1,947 139 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 5,400 16,900 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 218 $ 663 Output (in $ millions) $ 505 $ 1,564 GDP (in $ millions) $ 312 $ 962 Establishments 313 1,635



II-18

VIEW CD(18)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF ARKANSAS, 2016








II-19

VIEW CD(19)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF ARKANSAS, 2016








II-20

VIEW CD(20)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF ARKANSAS, 2016








II-21

VIEW CD(21)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF ARKANSAS, 2016








II-22

VIEW CD(22)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA, 2016








II-23

VIEW CD(23)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA, 2016








II-24

VIEW CD(24)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA, 2016








II-25

VIEW CD(25)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA, 2016





Jobs 17,500 29,700 3,000 6,300 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 589 $ 1,129 $ 201 $ 346 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,645 $ 3,473 $ 463 $ 943 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,048 $ 2,119 $ 348 $ 631 Establishments 1,929 181 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,200 15,200 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 92 $ 497 Output (in $ millions) $ 213 $ 1,432 GDP (in $ millions) $ 139 $ 910 Establishments 168 1,762



II-26

VIEW CD(26)










II-27

VIEW CD(27)










II-28

VIEW CD(28)







Jobs 13,000 22,900 3,000 5,900 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 481 $ 1,004 $ 180 $ 334 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,136 $ 2,650 $ 432 $ 869 GDP (in $ millions) $ 700 $ 1,602 $ 325 $ 587 Establishments 1,422 147 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,500 10,500 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 97 $ 384 Output (in $ millions) $ 215 $ 921 GDP (in $ millions) $ 133 $ 567 Establishments 164 1,258



II-29

VIEW CD(29)










II-30

VIEW CD(30)










II-31

VIEW CD(31)










II-32

VIEW CD(32)










II-33

VIEW CD(33)







Jobs 12,900 31,300 600 4,400 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 942 $ 2,876 $ 51 $ 474 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,761 $ 5,763 $ 105 $ 969 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,243 $ 3,992 $ 82 $ 678 Establishments 1,010 41 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 3,200 9,700 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 288 $ 654 Output (in $ millions) $ 509 $ 1,252 GDP (in $ millions) $ 367 $ 876 Establishments 143 867



II-34

VIEW CD(34)










II-35

VIEW CD(35)










II-36

VIEW CD(36)










II-37

VIEW CD(37)










II-38

VIEW CD(38)










II-39

VIEW CD(39)










II-40

VIEW CD(40)










II-41

VIEW CD(41)










II-42

VIEW CD(42)







Jobs 10,800 18,100 2,500 4,500 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 369 $ 744 $ 138 $ 235 Output (in $ millions) $ 943 $ 2,865 $ 354 $ 802 GDP (in $ millions) $ 573 $ 1,349 $ 261 $ 462 Establishments 1,169 134 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,000 8,800 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 78 $ 291 Output (in $ millions) $ 185 $ 758 GDP (in $ millions) $ 113 $ 460 Establishments 141 1,028



II-43

VIEW CD(43)










II-44

VIEW CD(44)










II-45

VIEW CD(45)










II-46

VIEW CD(46)










II-47

VIEW CD(47)










II-48

VIEW CD(48)










II-49

VIEW CD(49)










II-50

VIEW CD(50)



All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised Businesses Jobs 10,000 20,600 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 489 $ 1,085 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,100 $ 2,873 GDP (in $ millions) $ 754 $ 1,821 Establishments 916 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised




Jobs 7,800 15,900 2,100 4,600 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 342 $ 802 $ 147 $ 284 Output (in $ millions) $ 772 $ 2,146 $ 328 $ 728 GDP (in $ millions) $ 501 $ 1,325 $ 252 $ 497 Establishments 796 120 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,100 5,700 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 97 $ 245 Output (in $ millions) $ 205 $ 567 GDP (in $ millions) $ 135 $ 367 Establishments 120 675



II-51

VIEW CD(51)










II-52

VIEW CD(52)










II-53

VIEW CD(53)







Jobs 11,200 22,700 3,800 7,800 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 437 $ 1,062 $ 258 $ 470 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,029 $ 3,122 $ 578 $ 1,229 GDP (in $ millions) $ 654 $ 1,753 $ 444 $ 811 Establishments 1,185 141 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,700 8,600 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 106 $ 331 Output (in $ millions) $ 232 $ 798 GDP (in $ millions) $ 145 $ 508 Establishments 180 1,005



II-54

VIEW CD(54)







Jobs 24,400 47,500 3,600 9,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,011 $ 2,418 $ 246 $ 587 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,473 $ 7,152 $ 549 $ 1,678 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,629 $ 4,241 $ 422 $ 1,058 Establishments 2,330 143 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 5,300 19,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 242 $ 769 Output (in $ millions) $ 521 $ 1,952 GDP (in $ millions) $ 334 $ 1,295 Establishments 314 2,016



II-55

VIEW CD(55)










II-56

VIEW CD(56)










II-57

VIEW CD(57)










II-58

VIEW CD(58)










II-59

VIEW CD(59)







Jobs 11,500 23,100 3,400 7,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 466 $ 1,110 $ 230 $ 430 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,076 $ 3,117 $ 524 $ 1,134 GDP (in $ millions) $ 675 $ 1,786 $ 397 $ 742 Establishments 1,113 126 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,800 8,700 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 116 $ 350 Output (in $ millions) $ 255 $ 822 GDP (in $ millions) $ 158 $ 516 Establishments 178 935



II-60

VIEW CD(60)










II-61

VIEW CD(61)



All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised Businesses Jobs 8,800 18,600 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 388 $ 910 Output (in $ millions) $ 917 $ 2,852 GDP (in $ millions) $ 604 $ 1,524 Establishments 772 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised







II-62

VIEW CD(62)










II-63

VIEW CD(63)










II-64

VIEW CD(64)







Jobs 13,300 26,000 3,500 7,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 572 $ 1,280 $ 236 $ 436 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,373 $ 3,702 $ 527 $ 1,166 GDP (in $ millions) $ 867 $ 2,133 $ 405 $ 762 Establishments 1,170 115 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 3,100 10,200 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 137 $ 435 Output (in $ millions) $ 312 $ 1,061 GDP (in $ millions) $ 193 $ 673 Establishments 177 994



II-65

VIEW CD(65)










II-66

VIEW CD(66)










II-67

VIEW CD(67)










II-68

VIEW CD(68)










II-69

VIEW CD(69)










II-70

VIEW CD(70)










II-71

VIEW CD(71)










II-72

VIEW CD(72)







Jobs 8,600 14,400 1,900 3,600 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 308 $ 566 $ 113 $ 185 Output (in $ millions) $ 734 $ 1,682 $ 275 $ 520 GDP (in $ millions) $ 445 $ 947 $ 207 $ 345 Establishments 989 102 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 1,800 6,800 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 63 $ 245 Output (in $ millions) $ 145 $ 589 GDP (in $ millions) $ 89 $ 357 Establishments 158 832



II-73

VIEW CD(73)







Jobs 20,500 38,900 3,200 7,500 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 867 $ 1,967 $ 208 $ 468 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,014 $ 5,065 $ 477 $ 1,195 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,272 $ 3,140 $ 364 $ 804 Establishments 1,985 134 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 4,000 16,500 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 167 $ 701 Output (in $ millions) $ 365 $ 1,649 GDP (in $ millions) $ 226 $ 1,046 Establishments 257 1,728



II-74

VIEW CD(74)










II-75

VIEW CD(75)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF COLORADO, 2016





Jobs 28,700 52,600 3,400 8,300 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,274 $ 2,959 $ 248 $ 601 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,915 $ 7,283 $ 547 $ 1,450 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,861 $ 4,434 $ 394 $ 933 Establishments 2,342 200 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 5,600 23,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 266 $ 1,008 Output (in $ millions) $ 600 $ 2,315 GDP (in $ millions) $ 383 $ 1,478 Establishments 335 2,007



II-76

VIEW CD(76)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF COLORADO, 2016








II-77

VIEW CD(77)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF COLORADO, 2016








II-78

VIEW CD(78)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF COLORADO, 2016








II-79

VIEW CD(79)










II-80

VIEW CD(80)










II-81

VIEW CD(81)










II-82

VIEW CD(82)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT, 2016





Jobs 27,700 46,300 3,600 7,300 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,488 $ 2,701 $ 248 $ 494 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,989 $ 6,495 $ 514 $ 1,226 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,959 $ 4,143 $ 380 $ 827 Establishments 1,607 168 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 7,300 20,400 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 531 $ 957 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,058 $ 1,931 GDP (in $ millions) $ 706 $ 1,253 Establishments 207 1,401



II-83

VIEW CD(83)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT, 2016








II-84

VIEW CD(84)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT, 2016








II-85

VIEW CD(85)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT, 2016








II-86

VIEW CD(86)


FRANCHISING IN THE 5TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT, 2016








II-87

VIEW CD(87)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF DELAWARE, 2016








II-88

VIEW CD(88)


FRANCHISING IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 2016

All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised Businesses Jobs 14,200 26,900 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,011 $ 2,190 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,089 $ 4,566 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,568 $ 3,365 Establishments 922 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised




Jobs 14,000 24,700 200 2,200 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,002 $ 1,987 $ 9 $ 203 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,066 $ 4,139 $ 23 $ 427 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,551 $ 3,052 $ 17 $ 312 Establishments 889 33 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 3,300 10,700 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 335 $ 667 Output (in $ millions) $ 638 $ 1,428 GDP (in $ millions) $ 500 $ 1,051 Establishments 145 744



II-89

VIEW CD(89)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF FLORIDA, 2016








II-90

VIEW CD(90)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF FLORIDA, 2016








II-91

VIEW CD(91)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF FLORIDA, 2016




Because of Franchise

Businesses Jobs 17,400 28,300 1,800 4,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 459 $ 839 $ 89 $ 169 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,341 $ 2,835 $ 233 $ 541 GDP (in $ millions) $ 752 $ 1,488 $ 164 $ 318 Establishments 1,861 120 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 3,000 14,400 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 81 $ 378 Output (in $ millions) $ 226 $ 1,114 GDP (in $ millions) $ 125 $ 627 Establishments 250 1,611



II-92

VIEW CD(92)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF FLORIDA, 2016








II-93

VIEW CD(93)










II-94

VIEW CD(94)










II-95

VIEW CD(95)










II-96

VIEW CD(96)










II-97

VIEW CD(97)










II-98

VIEW CD(98)







Jobs 32,200 55,600 4,200 9,600 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,126 $ 2,116 $ 241 $ 466 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,862 $ 5,891 $ 598 $ 1,284 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,779 $ 3,501 $ 421 $ 813 Establishments 2,224 224 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 6,800 25,400 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 241 $ 884 Output (in $ millions) $ 586 $ 2,276 GDP (in $ millions) $ 353 $ 1,427 Establishments 347 1,877



II-99

VIEW CD(99)










II-100

VIEW CD(100)










II-101

VIEW CD(101)










II-102

VIEW CD(102)










II-103

VIEW CD(103)










II-104

VIEW CD(104)










II-105

VIEW CD(105)










II-106

VIEW CD(106)










II-107

VIEW CD(107)



All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised Businesses Jobs 26,800 48,500 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,052 $ 1,950 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,617 $ 5,378 $ 1,669 $ 3,286 Establishments 2,576 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised




Jobs 22,300 39,200 4,500 9,400 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 777 $ 1,476 $ 275 $ 474 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,981 $ 4,130 $ 636 $ 1,248 $ 1,202 $ 2,462 $ 467 $ 824 Establishments 2,372 204 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 3,200 19,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 121 $ 656 Output (in $ millions) $ 303 $ 1,678 GDP (in $ millions) $ 181 $ 1,021 Establishments 241 2,131



II-108

VIEW CD(108)










II-109

VIEW CD(109)


FRANCHISING IN THE 21ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF FLORIDA, 2016








II-110

VIEW CD(110)


FRANCHISING IN THE 22ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF FLORIDA, 2016








II-111

VIEW CD(111)


FRANCHISING IN THE 23RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF FLORIDA, 2016








II-112

VIEW CD(112)










II-113

VIEW CD(113)







Jobs 11,200 22,600 3,400 7,400 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 421 $ 947 $ 226 $ 406 Output (in $ millions) $ 997 $ 2,768 $ 515 $ 1,104 GDP (in $ millions) $ 613 $ 1,554 $ 373 $ 691 Establishments 1,077 154 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 3,000 8,200 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 114 $ 308 Output (in $ millions) $ 267 $ 730 GDP (in $ millions) $ 165 $ 448 Establishments 144 933



II-114

VIEW CD(114)







Jobs 12,200 22,800 2,100 4,900 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 467 $ 937 $ 135 $ 260 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,074 $ 2,570 $ 302 $ 696 GDP (in $ millions) $ 675 $ 1,535 $ 223 $ 449 Establishments 1,110 112 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 3,300 8,800 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 127 $ 340 Output (in $ millions) $ 284 $ 791 GDP (in $ millions) $ 175 $ 500 Establishments 151 960



II-115

VIEW CD(115)










II-116

VIEW CD(116)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF GEORGIA, 2016








II-117

VIEW CD(117)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF GEORGIA, 2016








II-118

VIEW CD(118)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF GEORGIA, 2016








II-119

VIEW CD(119)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF GEORGIA, 2016








II-120

VIEW CD(120)










II-121

VIEW CD(121)










II-122

VIEW CD(122)










II-123

VIEW CD(123)










II-124

VIEW CD(124)










II-125

VIEW CD(125)










II-126

VIEW CD(126)










II-127

VIEW CD(127)










II-128

VIEW CD(128)










II-129

VIEW CD(129)










II-130

VIEW CD(130)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF HAWAII, 2016





Jobs 14,000 25,000 3,300 6,400 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 582 $ 1,137 $ 214 $ 368 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,395 $ 3,102 $ 575 $ 1,043 GDP (in $ millions) $ 893 $ 1,857 $ 433 $ 703 Establishments 1,002 145 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 3,400 10,600 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 139 $ 443 Output (in $ millions) $ 331 $ 1,064 GDP (in $ millions) $ 206 $ 687 Establishments 162 839



II-131

VIEW CD(131)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF HAWAII, 2016

All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised Businesses Jobs 18,900 32,400 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 996 $ 1,630 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,422 $ 4,580 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,707 $ 2,914 Establishments 979 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised




Jobs 16,800 28,200 2,000 4,200 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 870 $ 1,399 $ 126 $ 231 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,077 $ 3,877 $ 345 $ 703 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,447 $ 2,452 $ 260 $ 462 Establishments 858 121 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,100 14,700 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 95 $ 775 Output (in $ millions) $ 241 $ 1,836 GDP (in $ millions) $ 158 $ 1,288 Establishments 118 740



II-132

VIEW CD(132)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF IDAHO, 2016








II-133

VIEW CD(133)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF IDAHO, 2016








II-134

VIEW CD(134)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS, 2016





Jobs 10,200 19,400 2,100 4,500 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 449 $ 964 $ 135 $ 267 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,017 $ 2,569 $ 313 $ 702 GDP (in $ millions) $ 659 $ 1,524 $ 229 $ 449 Establishments 963 100 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,400 7,800 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 112 $ 338 Output (in $ millions) $ 245 $ 772 GDP (in $ millions) $ 153 $ 506 Establishments 106 857



II-135

VIEW CD(135)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS, 2016








II-136

VIEW CD(136)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS, 2016








II-137

VIEW CD(137)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS, 2016

All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised Businesses Jobs 10,000 20,700 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 487 $ 1,086 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,099 $ 2,912 GDP (in $ millions) $ 715 $ 1,723 Establishments 959 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised







II-138

VIEW CD(138)










II-139

VIEW CD(139)










II-140

VIEW CD(140)







Jobs 35,500 68,400 1,400 7,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 2,073 $ 4,571 $ 93 $ 559 Output (in $ millions) $ 4,588 $ 10,472 $ 245 $ 1,323 GDP (in $ millions) $ 3,222 $ 6,934 $ 158 $ 839 Establishments 1,900 84 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 10,100 25,400 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 739 $ 1,334 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,440 $ 3,148 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,000 $ 2,221 Establishments 218 1,682



II-141

VIEW CD(141)










II-142

VIEW CD(142)










II-143

VIEW CD(143)










II-144

VIEW CD(144)










II-145

VIEW CD(145)










II-146

VIEW CD(146)










II-147

VIEW CD(147)










II-148

VIEW CD(148)










II-149

VIEW CD(149)










II-150

VIEW CD(150)










II-151

VIEW CD(151)










II-152

VIEW CD(152)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF INDIANA, 2016








II-153

VIEW CD(153)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF INDIANA, 2016








II-154

VIEW CD(154)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF INDIANA, 2016








II-155

VIEW CD(155)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF INDIANA, 2016








II-156

VIEW CD(156)










II-157

VIEW CD(157)










II-158

VIEW CD(158)










II-159

VIEW CD(159)










II-160

VIEW CD(160)










II-161

VIEW CD(161)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF IOWA, 2016








II-162

VIEW CD(162)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF IOWA, 2016








II-163

VIEW CD(163)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF IOWA, 2016








II-164

VIEW CD(164)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF IOWA, 2016








II-165

VIEW CD(165)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF KANSAS, 2016








II-166

VIEW CD(166)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF KANSAS, 2016








II-167

VIEW CD(167)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF KANSAS, 2016





Businesses Jobs 25,300 42,300 2,800 6,200 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 883 $ 1,849 $ 173 $ 374 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,118 $ 4,944 $ 428 $ 1,018 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,240 $ 2,783 $ 308 $ 627 Establishments 2,274 158 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 5,500 19,900 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 221 $ 662 Output (in $ millions) $ 517 $ 1,601 GDP (in $ millions) $ 300 $ 940 Establishments 266 2,008



II-168

VIEW CD(168)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF KANSAS, 2016





Jobs 25,600 41,200 2,500 5,400 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 926 $ 1,658 $ 134 $ 271 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,143 $ 4,836 $ 356 $ 865 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,295 $ 2,546 $ 257 $ 487 Establishments 2,029 169 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,300 23,300 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 87 $ 839 Output (in $ millions) $ 193 $ 1,950 GDP (in $ millions) $ 118 $ 1,177 Establishments 188 1,841



II-169

VIEW CD(169)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF KENTUCKY, 2016








II-170

VIEW CD(170)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF KENTUCKY, 2016








II-171

VIEW CD(171)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF KENTUCKY, 2016





Jobs 35,000 52,800 4,200 8,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,165 $ 2,141 $ 225 $ 445 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,663 $ 5,790 $ 595 $ 1,282 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,539 $ 3,159 $ 371 $ 722 Establishments 1,963 102 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 17,300 17,700 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 496 $ 669 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,154 $ 1,509 GDP (in $ millions) $ 647 $ 893 Establishments 280 1,684



II-172

VIEW CD(172)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF KENTUCKY, 2016








II-173

VIEW CD(173)










II-174

VIEW CD(174)



All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised Businesses Jobs 30,900 48,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 974 $ 1,716 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,478 $ 5,106 $ 1,450 $ 2,762 Establishments 2,203 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised







II-175

VIEW CD(175)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA, 2016








II-176

VIEW CD(176)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA, 2016








II-177

VIEW CD(177)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA, 2016








II-178

VIEW CD(178)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA, 2016








II-179

VIEW CD(179)










II-180

VIEW CD(180)










II-181

VIEW CD(181)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MAINE, 2016








II-182

VIEW CD(182)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MAINE, 2016








II-183

VIEW CD(183)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MARYLAND, 2016








II-184

VIEW CD(184)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MARYLAND, 2016








II-185

VIEW CD(185)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MARYLAND, 2016








II-186

VIEW CD(186)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MARYLAND, 2016








II-187

VIEW CD(187)










II-188

VIEW CD(188)










II-189

VIEW CD(189)










II-190

VIEW CD(190)










II-191

VIEW CD(191)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS, 2016








II-192

VIEW CD(192)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS, 2016








II-193

VIEW CD(193)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS, 2016








II-194

VIEW CD(194)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS, 2016








II-195

VIEW CD(195)










II-196

VIEW CD(196)










II-197

VIEW CD(197)







Jobs 13,300 26,200 1,300 4,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 725 $ 2,004 $ 86 $ 379 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,539 $ 4,201 $ 163 $ 761 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,055 $ 2,832 $ 119 $ 522 Establishments 1,215 53 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 3,400 9,900 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 179 $ 546 Output (in $ millions) $ 363 $ 1,176 GDP (in $ millions) $ 240 $ 816 Establishments 215 999



II-198

VIEW CD(198)










II-199

VIEW CD(199)










II-200

VIEW CD(200)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN, 2016








II-201

VIEW CD(201)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN, 2016








II-202

VIEW CD(202)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN, 2016








II-203

VIEW CD(203)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN, 2016








II-204

VIEW CD(204)










II-205

VIEW CD(205)










II-206

VIEW CD(206)










II-207

VIEW CD(207)










II-208

VIEW CD(208)










II-209

VIEW CD(209)










II-210

VIEW CD(210)










II-211

VIEW CD(211)










II-212

VIEW CD(212)










II-213

VIEW CD(213)










II-214

VIEW CD(214)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MINNESOTA, 2016








II-215

VIEW CD(215)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MINNESOTA, 2016








II-216

VIEW CD(216)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MINNESOTA, 2016








II-217

VIEW CD(217)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MINNESOTA, 2016








II-218

VIEW CD(218)










II-219

VIEW CD(219)










II-220

VIEW CD(220)










II-221

VIEW CD(221)










II-222

VIEW CD(222)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MISSISSIPPI, 2016








II-223

VIEW CD(223)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MISSISSIPPI, 2016








II-224

VIEW CD(224)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MISSISSIPPI, 2016





Businesses Jobs 21,800 35,000 3,300 6,400 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 683 $ 1,240 $ 173 $ 303 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,782 $ 3,757 $ 477 $ 933 GDP (in $ millions) $ 979 $ 1,922 $ 320 $ 540 Establishments 2,028 212 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,500 19,300 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 77 $ 605 Output (in $ millions) $ 201 $ 1,581 GDP (in $ millions) $ 113 $ 866 Establishments 249 1,779



II-225

VIEW CD(225)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MISSISSIPPI, 2016








II-226

VIEW CD(226)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MISSOURI, 2016








II-227

VIEW CD(227)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MISSOURI, 2016








II-228

VIEW CD(228)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MISSOURI, 2016








II-229

VIEW CD(229)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MISSOURI, 2016








II-230

VIEW CD(230)










II-231

VIEW CD(231)










II-232

VIEW CD(232)










II-233

VIEW CD(233)










II-234

VIEW CD(234)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MONTANA, 2016








II-235

VIEW CD(235)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEBRASKA, 2016








II-236

VIEW CD(236)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEBRASKA, 2016








II-237

VIEW CD(237)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEBRASKA, 2016








II-238

VIEW CD(238)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEVADA, 2016





Jobs 28,000 47,200 3,000 6,900 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,264 $ 2,131 $ 200 $ 378 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,878 $ 5,449 $ 457 $ 974 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,863 $ 3,381 $ 338 $ 646 Establishments 1,861 138 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 3,400 24,700 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 136 $ 1,127 Output (in $ millions) $ 320 $ 2,558 GDP (in $ millions) $ 196 $ 1,667 Establishments 263 1,598



II-239

VIEW CD(239)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEVADA, 2016








II-240

VIEW CD(240)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEVADA, 2016








II-241

VIEW CD(241)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEVADA, 2016








II-242

VIEW CD(242)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, 2016








II-243

VIEW CD(243)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, 2016








II-244

VIEW CD(244)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY, 2016





Jobs 11,300 21,100 3,500 7,200 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 382 $ 880 $ 247 $ 428 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,039 $ 2,679 $ 520 $ 1,088 GDP (in $ millions) $ 639 $ 1,533 $ 395 $ 716 Establishments 1,342 150 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,200 9,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 78 $ 304 Output (in $ millions) $ 219 $ 820 GDP (in $ millions) $ 137 $ 502 Establishments 167 1,175



II-245

VIEW CD(245)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY, 2016








II-246

VIEW CD(246)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY, 2016








II-247

VIEW CD(247)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY, 2016








II-248

VIEW CD(248)



All Franchises

In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised Businesses Jobs 18,100 34,900 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,009 $ 2,076 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,227 $ 5,037 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,555 $ 3,286 Establishments 1,612 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised







II-249

VIEW CD(249)










II-250

VIEW CD(250)










II-251

VIEW CD(251)







Jobs 11,500 21,400 1,100 3,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 479 $ 1,200 $ 73 $ 229 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,234 $ 3,075 $ 158 $ 548 GDP (in $ millions) $ 815 $ 1,975 $ 115 $ 364 Establishments 1,078 107 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,600 8,900 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 138 $ 340 Output (in $ millions) $ 292 $ 942 GDP (in $ millions) $ 187 $ 627 Establishments 120 958



II-252

VIEW CD(252)










II-253

VIEW CD(253)







Jobs 10,100 18,200 1,700 3,600 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 430 $ 974 $ 115 $ 249 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,067 $ 2,685 $ 247 $ 641 GDP (in $ millions) $ 696 $ 1,644 $ 185 $ 418 Establishments 932 72 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,500 7,700 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 143 $ 287 Output (in $ millions) $ 303 $ 763 GDP (in $ millions) $ 199 $ 497 Establishments 97 836



II-254

VIEW CD(254)







Jobs 21,700 40,400 4,700 9,500 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,176 $ 2,605 $ 372 $ 739 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,922 $ 6,580 $ 741 $ 1,669 GDP (in $ millions) $ 2,055 $ 4,313 $ 573 $ 1,153 Establishments 1,855 186 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 6,700 15,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 460 $ 716 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,144 $ 1,778 GDP (in $ millions) $ 830 $ 1,225 Establishments 213 1,642



II-255

VIEW CD(255)










II-256

VIEW CD(256)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEW MEXICO, 2016








II-257

VIEW CD(257)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEW MEXICO, 2016








II-258

VIEW CD(258)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEW MEXICO, 2016





Businesses Jobs 14,900 23,100 2,800 5,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 449 $ 789 $ 152 $ 245 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,186 $ 2,532 $ 371 $ 730 GDP (in $ millions) $ 687 $ 1,370 $ 257 $ 442 Establishments 1,527 148 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 1,900 13,000 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 59 $ 390 Output (in $ millions) $ 146 $ 1,039 GDP (in $ millions) $ 85 $ 603 Establishments 167 1,360



II-259

VIEW CD(259)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, 2016








II-260

VIEW CD(260)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, 2016





Jobs 12,200 22,500 2,200 4,700 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 566 $ 1,172 $ 179 $ 328 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,325 $ 3,239 $ 370 $ 835 $ 866 $ 2,016 $ 282 $ 564 Establishments 1,351 152 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 3,000 9,200 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 134 $ 433 Output (in $ millions) $ 322 $ 1,002 GDP (in $ millions) $ 211 $ 655 Establishments 153 1,198



II-261

VIEW CD(261)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, 2016








II-262

VIEW CD(262)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, 2016








II-263

VIEW CD(263)







Jobs 6,500 11,600 600 1,700 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 242 $ 484 $ 48 $ 99 Output (in $ millions) $ 633 $ 1,441 $ 98 $ 268 GDP (in $ millions) $ 401 $ 874 $ 76 $ 176 Establishments 609 66 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 1,400 5,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 52 $ 190 Output (in $ millions) $ 125 $ 508 GDP (in $ millions) $ 77 $ 324 Establishments 59 550



II-264

VIEW CD(264)










II-265

VIEW CD(265)



All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised Businesses Jobs 7,600 18,300 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 401 $ 1,155 Output (in $ millions) $ 900 $ 2,907 GDP (in $ millions) $ 602 $ 1,892 Establishments 793 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised




Jobs 7,200 16,200 400 2,000 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 377 $ 1,004 $ 24 $ 151 Output (in $ millions) $ 809 $ 2,488 $ 91 $ 419 GDP (in $ millions) $ 557 $ 1,635 $ 44 $ 257 Establishments 756 37 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 1,300 5,900 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 69 $ 308 Output (in $ millions) $ 151 $ 658 GDP (in $ millions) $ 102 $ 455 Establishments 69 687



II-266

VIEW CD(266)



All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised Businesses Jobs 4,700 10,400 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 166 $ 398 Output (in $ millions) $ 449 $ 1,325 GDP (in $ millions) $ 285 $ 809 Establishments 487 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised




Jobs 4,200 9,000 500 1,500 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 138 $ 328 $ 28 $ 70 Output (in $ millions) $ 371 $ 1,090 $ 78 $ 235 GDP (in $ millions) $ 235 $ 664 $ 50 $ 144 Establishments 452 35 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 600 3,600 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 19 $ 119 Output (in $ millions) $ 52 $ 319 GDP (in $ millions) $ 32 $ 203 Establishments 34 418



II-267

VIEW CD(267)







Jobs 3,700 7,800 500 1,400 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 119 $ 280 $ 26 $ 63 Output (in $ millions) $ 316 $ 878 $ 70 $ 192 GDP (in $ millions) $ 200 $ 547 $ 48 $ 125 Establishments 496 35 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 500 3,200 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 17 $ 102 Output (in $ millions) $ 44 $ 272 GDP (in $ millions) $ 27 $ 173 Establishments 36 461



II-268

VIEW CD(268)







Jobs 16,900 38,400 1,000 5,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,486 $ 4,381 $ 68 $ 703 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,654 $ 8,150 $ 163 $ 1,314 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,996 $ 6,101 $ 114 $ 993 Establishments 1,076 72 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 4,000 12,900 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 370 $ 1,116 Output (in $ millions) $ 688 $ 1,967 GDP (in $ millions) $ 510 $ 1,486 Establishments 133 942



II-269

VIEW CD(269)







Jobs 7,000 13,000 1,400 3,000 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 227 $ 475 $ 84 $ 150 Output (in $ millions) $ 668 $ 1,552 $ 198 $ 425 GDP (in $ millions) $ 431 $ 966 $ 150 $ 288 Establishments 874 85 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 1,000 6,000 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 31 $ 196 Output (in $ millions) $ 83 $ 585 GDP (in $ millions) $ 50 $ 381 Establishments 71 803



II-270

VIEW CD(270)







Jobs 24,900 56,500 1,400 7,700 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 2,353 $ 6,918 $ 106 $ 1,121 Output (in $ millions) $ 4,282 $ 12,782 $ 327 $ 2,133 GDP (in $ millions) $ 3,266 $ 9,613 $ 180 $ 1,555 Establishments 1,353 95 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 6,100 18,800 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 604 $ 1,749 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,126 $ 3,156 GDP (in $ millions) $ 842 $ 2,424 Establishments 183 1,171



II-271

VIEW CD(271)



All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised Businesses Jobs 3,000 6,600 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 174 $ 455 Output (in $ millions) $ 332 $ 968 GDP (in $ millions) $ 240 $ 701 Establishments 396 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised




Jobs 2,900 6,000 100 700 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 167 $ 403 $ 7 $ 52 Output (in $ millions) $ 317 $ 854 $ 15 $ 114 GDP (in $ millions) $ 229 $ 617 $ 11 $ 84 Establishments 374 22 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 500 2,300 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 31 $ 136 Output (in $ millions) $ 59 $ 258 GDP (in $ millions) $ 42 $ 187 Establishments 44 330



II-272

VIEW CD(272)










II-273

VIEW CD(273)







Jobs 4,600 9,300 400 1,400 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 170 $ 416 $ 28 $ 81 Output (in $ millions) $ 415 $ 1,161 $ 87 $ 248 GDP (in $ millions) $ 265 $ 715 $ 48 $ 145 Establishments 609 54 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 700 3,800 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 26 $ 144 Output (in $ millions) $ 64 $ 351 GDP (in $ millions) $ 40 $ 225 Establishments 47 562



II-274

VIEW CD(274)



All Franchises In Franchised Businesses Because of Franchised Businesses Jobs 8,000 15,500 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 436 $ 849 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,001 $ 2,180 GDP (in $ millions) $ 704 $ 1,478 Establishments 917 Business Format Franchises Product Distribution Franchises In Franchised




Jobs 6,100 11,800 2,000 3,700 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 292 $ 608 $ 144 $ 241 Output (in $ millions) $ 687 $ 1,593 $ 314 $ 586 GDP (in $ millions) $ 467 $ 1,060 $ 238 $ 418 Establishments 800 117 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 900 5,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 45 $ 248 Output (in $ millions) $ 99 $ 588 GDP (in $ millions) $ 66 $ 401 Establishments 73 727



II-275

VIEW CD(275)










II-276

VIEW CD(276)










II-277

VIEW CD(277)










II-278

VIEW CD(278)










II-279

VIEW CD(279)


FRANCHISING IN THE 21ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, 2016








II-280

VIEW CD(280)


FRANCHISING IN THE 22ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, 2016








II-281

VIEW CD(281)


FRANCHISING IN THE 23RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, 2016








II-282

VIEW CD(282)










II-283

VIEW CD(283)










II-284

VIEW CD(284)










II-285

VIEW CD(285)










II-286

VIEW CD(286)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NORTH CAROLINA, 2016








II-287

VIEW CD(287)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NORTH CAROLINA, 2016








II-288

VIEW CD(288)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NORTH CAROLINA, 2016








II-289

VIEW CD(289)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NORTH CAROLINA, 2016








II-290

VIEW CD(290)










II-291

VIEW CD(291)










II-292

VIEW CD(292)










II-293

VIEW CD(293)










II-294

VIEW CD(294)







Jobs 44,100 73,800 4,000 8,800 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 2,047 $ 3,794 $ 304 $ 599 Output (in $ millions) $ 4,475 $ 9,170 $ 603 $ 1,397 GDP (in $ millions) $ 2,657 $ 5,452 $ 426 $ 897 Establishments 2,230 187 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 17,800 26,300 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,106 $ 942 Output (in $ millions) $ 2,309 $ 2,166 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,399 $ 1,257 Establishments 209 2,021



II-295

VIEW CD(295)










II-296

VIEW CD(296)










II-297

VIEW CD(297)







Jobs 42,300 70,500 5,200 10,800 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,819 $ 3,460 $ 367 $ 707 Output (in $ millions) $ 4,123 $ 9,121 $ 781 $ 1,783 GDP (in $ millions) $ 2,404 $ 5,357 $ 527 $ 1,121 Establishments 2,227 202 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 16,000 26,300 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 856 $ 963 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,865 $ 2,259 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,110 $ 1,295 Establishments 228 1,999



II-298

VIEW CD(298)










II-299

VIEW CD(299)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF NORTH DAKOTA, 2016








II-300

VIEW CD(300)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF OHIO, 2016








II-301

VIEW CD(301)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF OHIO, 2016








II-302

VIEW CD(302)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF OHIO, 2016








II-303

VIEW CD(303)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF OHIO, 2016








II-304

VIEW CD(304)










II-305

VIEW CD(305)










II-306

VIEW CD(306)










II-307

VIEW CD(307)










II-308

VIEW CD(308)










II-309

VIEW CD(309)










II-310

VIEW CD(310)










II-311

VIEW CD(311)










II-312

VIEW CD(312)










II-313

VIEW CD(313)










II-314

VIEW CD(314)










II-315

VIEW CD(315)










II-316

VIEW CD(316)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA, 2016








II-317

VIEW CD(317)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA, 2016








II-318

VIEW CD(318)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA, 2016








II-319

VIEW CD(319)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA, 2016








II-320

VIEW CD(320)


FRANCHISING IN THE 5TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA, 2016








II-321

VIEW CD(321)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF OREGON, 2016








II-322

VIEW CD(322)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF OREGON, 2016








II-323

VIEW CD(323)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF OREGON, 2016








II-324

VIEW CD(324)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF OREGON, 2016








II-325

VIEW CD(325)


FRANCHISING IN THE 5TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF OREGON, 2016








II-326

VIEW CD(326)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, 2016








II-327

VIEW CD(327)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, 2016





Jobs 10,600 20,300 900 2,900 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 501 $ 1,331 $ 51 $ 234 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,065 $ 2,968 $ 104 $ 513 GDP (in $ millions) $ 692 $ 1,860 $ 74 $ 329 Establishments 1,018 31 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,400 8,200 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 124 $ 378 Output (in $ millions) $ 256 $ 809 GDP (in $ millions) $ 168 $ 524 Establishments 148 870



II-328

VIEW CD(328)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, 2016








II-329

VIEW CD(329)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, 2016








II-330

VIEW CD(330)










II-331

VIEW CD(331)










II-332

VIEW CD(332)










II-333

VIEW CD(333)










II-334

VIEW CD(334)










II-335

VIEW CD(335)










II-336

VIEW CD(336)










II-337

VIEW CD(337)










II-338

VIEW CD(338)










II-339

VIEW CD(339)










II-340

VIEW CD(340)










II-341

VIEW CD(341)










II-342

VIEW CD(342)










II-343

VIEW CD(343)










II-344

VIEW CD(344)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF RHODE ISLAND, 2016








II-345

VIEW CD(345)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF RHODE ISLAND, 2016








II-346

VIEW CD(346)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 2016








II-347

VIEW CD(347)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 2016








II-348

VIEW CD(348)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 2016








II-349

VIEW CD(349)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 2016








II-350

VIEW CD(350)










II-351

VIEW CD(351)










II-352

VIEW CD(352)










II-353

VIEW CD(353)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF SOUTH DAKOTA, 2016








II-354

VIEW CD(354)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE, 2016








II-355

VIEW CD(355)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE, 2016








II-356

VIEW CD(356)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE, 2016








II-357

VIEW CD(357)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE, 2016








II-358

VIEW CD(358)










II-359

VIEW CD(359)










II-360

VIEW CD(360)










II-361

VIEW CD(361)










II-362

VIEW CD(362)










II-363

VIEW CD(363)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF TEXAS, 2016








II-364

VIEW CD(364)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF TEXAS, 2016








II-365

VIEW CD(365)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF TEXAS, 2016








II-366

VIEW CD(366)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF TEXAS, 2016








II-367

VIEW CD(367)










II-368

VIEW CD(368)










II-369

VIEW CD(369)










II-370

VIEW CD(370)










II-371

VIEW CD(371)







Jobs 11,700 21,800 2,200 5,100 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 435 $ 1,072 $ 166 $ 345 Output (in $ millions) $ 985 $ 2,747 $ 364 $ 845 GDP (in $ millions) $ 598 $ 1,605 $ 272 $ 551 Establishments 1,181 104 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 2,800 8,900 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 96 $ 339 Output (in $ millions) $ 223 $ 762 GDP (in $ millions) $ 134 $ 465 Establishments 151 1,030



II-372

VIEW CD(372)










II-373

VIEW CD(373)










II-374

VIEW CD(374)










II-375

VIEW CD(375)










II-376

VIEW CD(376)










II-377

VIEW CD(377)










II-378

VIEW CD(378)










II-379

VIEW CD(379)










II-380

VIEW CD(380)










II-381

VIEW CD(381)










II-382

VIEW CD(382)










II-383

VIEW CD(383)










II-384

VIEW CD(384)










II-385

VIEW CD(385)










II-386

VIEW CD(386)







Jobs 35,700 64,900 5,300 12,200 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 1,588 $ 3,577 $ 386 $ 864 Output (in $ millions) $ 3,598 $ 8,943 $ 847 $ 2,122 GDP (in $ millions) $ 2,262 $ 5,403 $ 641 $ 1,391 Establishments 3,058 156 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 9,300 26,400 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 414 $ 1,174 Output (in $ millions) $ 911 $ 2,687 GDP (in $ millions) $ 563 $ 1,699 Establishments 440 2,619



II-387

VIEW CD(387)










II-388

VIEW CD(388)










II-389

VIEW CD(389)










II-390

VIEW CD(390)










II-391

VIEW CD(391)










II-392

VIEW CD(392)










II-393

VIEW CD(393)










II-394

VIEW CD(394)










II-395

VIEW CD(395)










II-396

VIEW CD(396)










II-397

VIEW CD(397)










II-398

VIEW CD(398)










II-399

VIEW CD(399)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF UTAH, 2016








II-400

VIEW CD(400)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF UTAH, 2016








II-401

VIEW CD(401)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF UTAH, 2016








II-402

VIEW CD(402)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF UTAH, 2016








II-403

VIEW CD(403)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF VERMONT, 2016








II-404

VIEW CD(404)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA, 2016








II-405

VIEW CD(405)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA, 2016








II-406

VIEW CD(406)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA, 2016








II-407

VIEW CD(407)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA, 2016








II-408

VIEW CD(408)










II-409

VIEW CD(409)










II-410

VIEW CD(410)










II-411

VIEW CD(411)










II-412

VIEW CD(412)










II-413

VIEW CD(413)










II-414

VIEW CD(414)










II-415

VIEW CD(415)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON, 2016








II-416

VIEW CD(416)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON, 2016








II-417

VIEW CD(417)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON, 2016








II-418

VIEW CD(418)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON, 2016








II-419

VIEW CD(419)










II-420

VIEW CD(420)










II-421

VIEW CD(421)










II-422

VIEW CD(422)










II-423

VIEW CD(423)







Jobs 14,500 27,700 4,400 9,900 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 731 $ 1,703 $ 358 $ 754 Output (in $ millions) $ 1,700 $ 4,630 $ 1,292 $ 2,483 GDP (in $ millions) $ 1,130 $ 2,793 $ 611 $ 1,274 Establishments 1,384 137 In Business Format Franchises Franchisor Owned Franchisee Owned Jobs 3,400 11,000 Payroll (in $ millions) $ 177 $ 554 Output (in $ millions) $ 404 $ 1,297 GDP (in $ millions) $ 267 $ 863 Establishments 177 1,207



II-424

VIEW CD(424)










II-425

VIEW CD(425)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF WEST VIRGINIA, 2016








II-426

VIEW CD(426)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF WEST VIRGINIA, 2016








II-427

VIEW CD(427)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF WEST VIRGINIA, 2016








II-428

VIEW CD(428)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF WISCONSIN, 2016








II-429

VIEW CD(429)


FRANCHISING IN THE 2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF WISCONSIN, 2016








II-430

VIEW CD(430)


FRANCHISING IN THE 3RD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF WISCONSIN, 2016








II-431

VIEW CD(431)


FRANCHISING IN THE 4TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF WISCONSIN, 2016








II-432

VIEW CD(432)










II-433

VIEW CD(433)










II-434

VIEW CD(434)










II-435

VIEW CD(435)










II-436

VIEW CD(436)


FRANCHISING IN THE 1ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF WYOMING, 2016







This document has been prepared pursuant to an engagement between PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP and its Client. As to all other parties, it is for general information purposes only, and should not be used as a substitute for consultation with professional advisors.