The Early HumansChapter 3

Hunter-GatherersChapter 3

Lesson 1

ThePaleolithicAge

PaleolithicGreek for "Old Stone"Also known as the Old Stone Age

Lasts from 25 million years to 8000 B.C.

Surviving the Paleolithic Age

NomadsPeople who movedregularly for foodTraveled in groups of 20-30 membersSurvived by hunting and gathering

HuntingandGathering

Search for food was difficult

Hunted buffalo, bison, wild goats, reindeer

HuntingandGathering

Search for food was difficult

Hunted buffalo, bison, wild goats, reindeer

Fished in coastal areas

VegetationWild nuts, berries, fruit, wild grains, green plants

FindingFood

MenHunted large animals

Used clubs, forced animals off cliffsDeveloped tools, weapons, traps, and

spears

WomenStayed at campLooked after childrenSearched for berries, nuts, and grains

EVERYONE WORKED TO FIND FOOD....Was key to survival.

Inventionof Tools

STARTED WITH...sticks, stones, tree branches

Flinta hard stoneBegan making tools with it.Hand axe

OVER TIME...spears, bows, arrows, fish hooks

All made killing large animals easier

By end of the Period the tools were smallerand sharper.

Drove development of more advancedfarming tools and influenced where peoplesettled.

ChangingtoSurvive

Climate

Needed protection fromnatural elementscaves, rock overhangs

Cold ClimatesSoon built own sheltersanimal skins, brush, wood

FireSparksChange

Life became less difficult

Brought warmth, light, safety

Cooked foodTasted better, easier to eat, could store extra

Produced fire by frictionWood on woodEventually iron pyrite stone

Languageand Art

WHAT DID THEY HAVE?

Spoken languageBefore would speak only through sounds andphysical gestures.Developed language.

Language

Communicate informationand emotions

Easier to work together; to pass on information

Constantly growing andchangingRequiring new words

Paintings

Cave paintingsHave been found all aroundthe world

Made bycrushed rock (yellow, black, red) mixed with animal fatused twig as paintbrushes

Mostly of all animalsFew humans ever appear.

WHY?

- to bring good luck

- to record history

- to be enjoyed

The Ice Ages

IceAges

Long periods of extreme cold

Affected ALL of Earth

Lasted about 90,000 yearsEnded about 9,000 to 8,000 B.C.

Glaciers made ocean levels go down; uncovered land bridge, The Bering StraitStretched from Asia to North America

People moved southward to settle in different regions.

AffectsHumans

Either adapt or dieEating more fat in their meals.Build sturdier sheltersMake warmer clothing