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Contribution to the Internet Congress Informedica 2002 “Paving the way to the global e-health” www.informedica.org/2002. The e-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals. Dr Marcelo Sosa Iudicissa European Parliament STOA Scientific and Technological Options Assessment. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Contribution to the Internet Congress Informedica 2002 “Paving the way to the global e-health” www.informedica.org/2002
Dr Marcelo Sosa Iudicissa European Parliament
STOAScientific and Technological Options Assessment
The e-Learning Paradigm for Health
Professionals
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Presentation, Justification 1
¿why have I been given the priviledge of making this presentation to you?
• Due to the kind invitation of Dr Nora Oliveri- who deserves all our recognition and thanks- and should be congratulated for her initiatives and projects such as Informedica 2002
• I want to express my satisfaction- for being able to contribute to such a fascinating on-line event- its format is anticipating a future that “is already here”
•
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
• ..of my professional education (what I have learned / apprehended)in medicine, public health, informatics, telecommunication
• ..of my work experiences (what I have done) family medicine, teaching, Univ of Buenos Aires, National School of Public Health, Madrid; researcher, information systems and new technologies; scientific officer, AIM-Health Telematics program, European Commission; director, National Library of Health Sciences of Spain; advisor on telemedicine, National Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid; director, electronic commerce association, consultant and entrepreneur of Internet projects; responsible, science office (STOA) of the European Parliament in Brussels
…I have the priviledge of presenting my ideas, maybe because...Presentation, Justification 2
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
As a result of all the above.. Who am I?a teacher, a researcher, an advisor, an author, an expert, a scientist?
The responsibility attached to a label is very high a toll!
I prefer to say no to all those labels!, but in fact, I think I am a random mixture of a little bit of all the above thingsThis has some advantages: a multidisciplinary vision, eclecticism, few sect fidelities, indiference of dogma, humbleness, curiosity, pleasure for learning, teaching, and sharing...
Presentation, Justification 3
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
• aesthetic context chossenThis presentation’s background is a papyrus, deserved hommage to the ancestor of paper, the medium that has made possible the collection and transmission of knowledge, now that we enter the electronic era, masterfuly summarised by professor Ron LaPorte from Pittsburgh University, in the powerfull idea:
“P-P-P, From Papyrus-To Paper-To PowerPoint”.
Presentation, Justification 4
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Educating health professionals• let’s avoid definitions- what matters: we all row in the same direction, together- a literary licence: “medicine”
embraces many disciplines
• it is sciencie and art- this has consequences and requisites
• implies personal and social power - which brings along exigencies and responsabilities
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Paradigms• Thomas Kuhn- The structure of scientific revolutions, 1970
• Pedro Laín: Greek teckhne- History of Medicine main phases: spontaneous – empiric - magic – technicalwe are at the culmen of an era of technical medicine that started in the Golden Century in ancient Greece
• Know what and know how to in medicine- Knowledge has allways developed in the context of great schools (Isle of Kos, Salerno, Montpellier, and many others)
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Traditional Paradigm• Concentration of knowledge- Isle of Kos, Ispahan, school of Salerno, etc
• Personalization of knowledge- Masters: Hippocrates - Avicena – Maimonides - Sydenham
• The aprenticeship of the art- Commitment, sacrifices, effort, priviledge • Knowledge as an scarce good- Transmission is necessarily personalized
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Educating a professional• Transmmiting knowledge- To know - Intellectual Component
• Acquire skills and habilities- To know how - Operative Component
• Acquire and develope attitudes - “Hows” and “Whys”- Emotional and Moral Component
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Labs
Industry
Universities
Hospitals
Etc
Knowledge CycleLibraries ---> Internet
Traditional printed medium: books and journals
Electronic medium: discs and on-line resources
Publications
Congresses
Committees
Shadow colleges
Etc
Generation
Universities
Hospitals
Health Centers
Special schools
EtcHistoric collection
Education
Transmission
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Data
Information Hierachy
Discrete values; must be correct and precise; required in massive amounts; of scarce value when isolated.
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
• Information
• Data
Sets of data put in relation between each other, they acquire new
meanings and operative value on reality
Information Hierachy
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
• Knowledge
• Information
• Data
Experience building up
from analysis and synthesis of information
Information Hierachy
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
• Wisdom or Intelligence
• Knowledge
• Information
• Data
Zenit
Information Hierachy
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
“In his book on the Internet, Telematics and Health, Marcelo Sosa writes ofinformation as the cornerstone of medical sciences and pays tribute tothat information giant Dr. Hector Sosa Padilla, who was a pioneer in assisting PAHO in development of information systems. Dr. Sosa Padilla is quoted thus:
Information & Knowledge
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Information Sources in Health Sciences• Primary sources example:
article in BMJ- Books- Articles- Reports- Contributions to meetings- etc.
These concepts, managed by information and documentation sciences in the last decades, are strongly affected by the new realities opened up by the Internet; however, it is advisable to bear them in mind as a scheme on sources hierarchy.
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Is there an information problem in medicine?
• Information explosion-15 million “facts” must a medical student learn-1990-91 = 50,000 articles in gastroenterology-250,000 art. Every 2 years, 342 / day, 4.2 /min.
• “Facts” that are not factsp.e. apendicitis and pain localization
• The imprecission of medical language
F. T. de Dombal, 1993
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Principal Ideas:* Information Society* Employment, Growth, Competitiveness
Main milestones:* 1993-"Delors white book“* 1994-"Bangemann Report“* 1994-98 -Priority to ICT and Telematics R&D
Principal Iniciatives and Projects:* Action Plan* Priority in Framework Programs: IV-V-VI* Trans-European Telecom Networks* ISPO* E-Europe – e-Health Europe
www.cordis.lu
Iniciatives on telematics & health
European Union
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
- AIM (Advanced Informatics in Medicine): II Framework Program (FP) / 1989-1990, 42 projects, 22 MEcus- Healthcare Telematics: III FP / 1991-1993, 50 projects, 105 MEcus- Telematics Applications - Health: IV FP / 1994-1998, +120 projects R+D+Validation,140 MEcus- IST-Information Society Technologies - Systems and services for the citizen - Health V FP / 1999-2003 +250 MEuros- Continuation in VI FP / 2002-2005
R&D on health telematics
European Union
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
The long march of EU R&D(*)
1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000
BICEPS
AIM
TELEMATICSTELEMATICSAPPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS
II FPIII PM
IVPM
AIMEuroforum
Seville
Lisbon Conference
Barcelona Conference
V FP
Services for Citizens
Bangeman Report
INFORMATION SOCIETY
(*): R&D, research and development
TELEMATICSTELEMATICSAPPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Examples of Projects
• CHIC (Health information regional models)• HECTOR (emergencies-Telemedicine)• PROREC (Electronic Health Records)• CoCo ( Regional Networks)• IT-EDUCTRA (Health Professionals
Education and Training)• WIDENET Creation of the European Health
Records Institute EUROREC• MOBIDEV Mobile Comunications in
healthcare
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Education and Training for Health Informatics in EuropeState of the Art - Guidelines - ApplicationsEdited by: A. Hasman , A. Albert , P. Wainwright , R. Klar and M. Sosa 1995, 286 pp., hardcover ISBN: 90 5199 234 3
EductraConcerted action,started in 1992 with 12 countries of the then European Community
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
“...general guidelines for European curricula in health informatics as they were developed and elaborated by the members of the EDUCTRA Concerned Action (1992-1994). The third part of this volume entails the detailed descriptions and applications of curricula in health informatics in European states”
Eductra
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Information Society• Informatics Revolution: transistor, printed
circuits, microprocessor, PCs, Moor’s law, CD-ROM, DVD, operating systems and software
• Telecom Revolution: transmission via satellites, digitalization of basic telephony, local networks, ISDN, broadband technologies, fiber optics, mobile telephony, GSM (European success story), cable TV, videoconference, residential DSL
• Internet Revolution: open standard, data packets commutation, collaborative efforts, servers, electronic mail and WWW, platform for convergence, e-commerce
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
• Liberalization of telecommunications, universal access and tariff reductions
• From data processing to knowledge access through multimedia information
• Development of workgroup, distant learning, teleworking and telemedicine
• Massive creation of new products, services and electronic businesses of Internet-based companies
• Emergence of a new model of a digital economy
Information Society: Trends
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Electronic HealtheHealth eHealth
HealthInternet
New Paradigms
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Citizens Trends• Higher economic possibilities and
prospects of individual and family achievements
• Welfare state culture • Better levels of information and more
critical attitudes• Desire of more personal, family and
social autonomy• Higher level of exigence of public
services (infraestructures, transport, media, health care...)
“Empowerment”
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Health: Trends• Influence of the media and the Internet
• Sociological changes in the health professions
• Changes in the physician-patient relation, braking away from authoritarian and paternalistis schemes
• Changes in the relation between users and health care services, as a consequence of social changes
• Appearance of a tax-payer concience and an informed consumer attitude
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Electronic Learninge-Learning e-Learning
EducationInternet
New Paradigms
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Learners Trends• Posibilities of better vocational
achievements• Broad educational supply with great
ramifications of thematic areas• Better possibilities of geographic
mobility for all. In Europe: 1 million university students have beneffited from the Erasmus program (one year in a foreing university)
“Learning Empowerment”
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Education: Trends• Influencie of the media and the Internet
• Sociologic changes in the education professions
• Changes in the learner-teacher relations, braking away from authoritarian and paternalistic models
• Changes in the relation between users and educational establishments, as a consequence of social changes
• Emergence of a conscience of tax-payer and informed consumer
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Pioneers
Dr Francis Timothy de Dombal
England,
1937-1995
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Internet, Telematics and HealthMarcelo Sosa-Iudicissa, Nora Oliveri, Carlos Gamboa, Jean Roberts 1997, 556 pp., hardcover plus CD-ROM ISBN: 90 5199 289 0
PioneersContributions from Tim de Dombal, Ron LaPorte and other distinguished professionals totaling up to 80 authors from 22 countries.
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
PioneersF.T. De Dombal, J.R. Hartley, D.H. Sleeman:A Computer-assisted system for Learning Clinical Diagnosis.
The Lancet. Medical Education
18 January 1969
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Pioneers
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
• Massive utilization of basic information repositories. Example: Pittsburgh University Supercourse
• Use of simulation environments, virtual reality and immersion environments
• Videoconference from any where to any where, from one-to-one, from one-to-many, or from many-to-many
• Development of tools based on artificiall intelligence engines and knowledge databases
New developments
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Emerging Paradigm• Education and training along the whole life
• Without barriers of time or place
• Access to best knowledge whereever it is located
• Possibility for all to be readers and writers, students and teachers
• Utilization of all technologies available, at present or in the future, for accessing contents and learning experiences
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
The Knowledge Society
• We build it up together
• For the benefit of all
Nov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaNov 2002 – Dr Marcelo SosaE-Learning Paradigm for Health ProfessionalsE-Learning Paradigm for Health Professionals
Many thanks for your interest to all participants of Informedica 2002 and the Supercourse who have read this presentation. Your opinions or comments are welcomed.Dr Marcelo [email protected]