THE DIPLOMATIC REVOLUTION – 1933-1938

STEPS HITLER TOOK TO STRENGHTHEN GERMANYAND IMPROVE ITS POSITION IN EUROPE

REMEMBER – HIS REAL GOAL IN THE LONG-TERM:TO SECURE LEBENSRAUM

GREATER LIVING SPACE FOR THE ARYAN EMPIRE AND THE THIRD REICH

“All the human culture, all the results of art, science and technologythat we see before us today, are almost exclusively the creativeproduct of the Aryan… It was he who laid the foundations anderected the walls of every great structure in human culture…

Only an adequate large space on this earth assures a nation offreedom of existence… We must hold unflinchingly to our aim…

to secure for the German people the land and the soil to which theyare entitled… And so we the Nazis… take up where we broke off 600 years

ago… and turn our gaze toward the East. If we speak of soil in Europe today, we can primarily have in mind only Russia.”

ADOLF HITLER – MEIN KAMPF

DIPLOMATIC REVOLUTION CON’T

OCTOBER 1933HITLER WITHDRAWS GERMANY FROMTHE GENEVA DISARMAMENT CONFERENCE AND THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

MARCH 1935HITLER CREATES A NEW AIR FORCE ANDEXPANDS GERMANY ARMY FROM 100,000 – 550,000THESE MOVES ARE CONDEMNED BUT NO RESPONSE FROM EUROPEAN POWERS

JUNE 1935ANGLO-GERMAN PACTGERMAN NAVY COULD BE 35% OF ENGLAND’S NAVYSAME NUMBER OF SUBMARINES THOUGH

MARCH 1936GERMAN TROOPS GO INTO THE DEMILITARIZED RHINELANDWITHOUT BRITISH SUPPORT, FRANCE DOES NOT RESPOND

***ARTICLE 231: The “war guilt clause”

***ARTICLE 232: The “reparations” clause

ARTICLE 51: Alsace and Lorraine returned to France

ARTICLE 119: Germany’s colonies are renounced

ARTICLE 45: Germany cedes to France the Saar Basin – coal mine region

ARTICLES 80, 81, 87 AND 116: Germany recognizes independence of:Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland and the Baltic nations (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania)

ARTICLE 160: German army must not exceed 100,000ARTICLE 181: German navy must not exceed: 6 battleships, 6 light cruisers12 destroyers, 12 torpedo boats – no submarinesARTICLE 198: Germany can’t have any military or naval air forces

QUESTION:Who will enforce this?

REMEMBER

Demilitarization and a fifteen-year occupation of the Rhineland

OTHER CLAUSES OF THE VERSAILLES TREATY

BY 1936, THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES HAD NO RELEVANCE

MEANWHILEMUSSOLINI MAKES A “BOLD”

MOVE AND INVADES ETHIOPIA IN 1935

EMPEROR HAILE SELASSIE OF ETHIOPIA APPEALS TO THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS IN 1936 TO HELP HIM OUT

“I ask the fifty-two nations, who have given the Ethiopian people a promise to help them in their resistance to the aggressor, what are they willing to do for Ethiopia?

And the great Powers who have promised the guarantee of collective security to small States on whom weighs the threat that they may one day suffer the fate of Ethiopia,

I ask what measures do you intend to take? Representatives of the World I have come to Geneva to discharge in

your midst the most painful of the duties of the head of a State. What reply shall I have to take back to my people?"

AGAIN –NO RESPONSE

HITLER AND MUSSOLINI FORMALIZE THEIRALLIANCE IN 1936ROME – BERLIN AXIS

THE SPANISHCIVIL WAR1936-1939

NATIONALISTS LED BY FRANCO(The National Front)•Ultra-Catholic Monarchist (Carolists)•Catholic Church•Falange (Fascist Party)•Monarchists

FOREIGN INVOLVEMENT1. GERMANY AND ITALY SUPPORTED FRANCO WITH TROOPS AND WEAPONS2. SOVIET UNION SUPPORTED THE REPUBLICANS WITH ARMS AND ADVISORS

“TESTING GROUND FOR GERMANY AND THE

SOVIET UNION”

REPUBLICANS•Anarchists•Basques and Catalans•Communists and Socialists•Republicans•Marxists

FRANCO THE FASCIST

PRO REPUBLICAN PROMOTION PRO NATIONALIST PROMOTION

SOFT CONSTRUCTION OF BOILED BEANS (PREMONITION OF CIVIL WAR)SALVADOR DALI

PABLO PICASSO GUERNICA - 1937

DIPLOMATIC REVOLUTION CONTINUED

AFTER COERCING THE AUSTRIAN CHANCELLOR TO PUT NAZIS IN CHARGEHITLER FORMALLY ANNEXES AUSTRIA IN 1938

THIS IS KNOWN AS THE “ANSCHLUSS”

REMEMBER - GROSSDEUTSCH

THUS, UP TO NOW GERMANY AND ITALYHAVE NOT BEEN CONFRONTED BY OTHER

EUROPEAN POWERS

WHY?1. WORLD-WIDE ECONOMIC DEPRESSION 2. MEMORIES OF WWI3. IN GENERAL – EUROPEAN POWERS WERE FOLLOWING A POLICY OF

APPEASEMENTGRANTING CONCESSIONS TO ANOTHER

IN HOPE THAT THEIR FUTURE BEHAVIOR OR ACTIONS

CHANGE FOR THE BETTER

JIMMY YOU HAVE BEEN COMINGHOME LATE EVERY FRIDAY

FOR THE LAST MONTHI WILL LET YOU GO OUT THIS

FRIDAY BUT YOU MUST PROMISE THAT YOU WILL BE HOME ON TIME

APPEASEMENTREACHES

ITS GREATESTHEIGHT

BRITISH PRIME MINISTER NEVILLE CHAMBERALINAPPEASES ADOLF HITLER

MUNICH AGREEMENTOF 1938

HITLER REQUESTS THAT HIS TROOPS OCCUPY THE SUDETENLANDLOCATED IN CZECHOSLOVOKIA – WHY?MANY ETHNIC GERMANS LIVED THERE AND IT POSSESSED COPIOUS RESOURCES HITLER

PROMISESTHIS WILLBE THE LAST OFHIS DEMANDS

NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN“PEACE IN OUR TIME”

WITHIN A FEW MONTHSHITLER DISCARDS THIS AGREEMENT

AND OCCUPIESTHE REST OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA

MOLOTOV,VON RIBBENTROP

AND STALIN

SIGNING THESOVIET-NAZI

NON-AGRESSION PACTAUGUST 1939

FASCIST – COMMUNISTAGREEMENT?SHOCKING!!!

TERMS

1. SOVIET SPHERE – THEBALTICS AND EASTERN POLAND2. GERMANY – FREE REIGNIN WESTERN POLAND3. WON’T ATTACK EACH OTHER

WHY?

EUROPE1939